Richard Pryor

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the stand-up comedian. For the broadcaster and humorist, see Cactus Pryor.

Richard Pryor
Richard Pryor (1986) (cropped).jpg
Pryor in February 1986
Birth name Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas Pryor
Born (1940-12-01)December 1, 1940
Peoria, Illinois, U.S.
Died December 10, 2005(2005-12-10) (aged 65)
Encino, Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Medium Stand-up, film, television
Years active 1963–2005
Genres Political satire, observational comedy, black comedy, improvisational comedy, character comedy
Subject(s)
Spouse
  • Patricia Price
    (m. 1960; div. 1961)
  • Shelley R. Bonus
    (m. 1967; div. 1969)
  • Deborah McGuire
    (m. 1977; div. 1978)
  • Jennifer Lee
    (m. 1981; div. 1982)
  • Flynn Belaine
    (m. 1986; div. 1987)

    (m. 1990; div. 1991)
  • Jennifer Lee
    (m. 2001)
Children 7
Website RichardPryor.com

Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas Pryor (December 1, 1940 – December 10, 2005) was an American stand-up comedian, actor, and social critic. Pryor was known for uncompromising examinations of racism and topical contemporary issues, which employed vulgarities and profanity, as well as racial epithets. He reached a broad audience with his trenchant observations and storytelling style[citation needed], and is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential stand-up comedians of all time.

Pryor's body of work includes the concert movies and recordings: Richard Pryor: Live & Smokin' (1971), That Nigger's Crazy (1974), ...Is It Something I Said? (1975), Bicentennial Nigger (1976), Richard Pryor: Live in Concert (1979), Richard Pryor: Live on the Sunset Strip (1982), and Richard Pryor: Here and Now (1983). As an actor, he starred mainly in comedies such as Silver Streak (1976), but occasionally in dramas, such as Paul Schrader's Blue Collar (1978), or action films, such as Superman III (1983). He collaborated on many projects with actor Gene Wilder. Another frequent collaborator was actor/comedian/writer Paul Mooney.

Pryor won an Emmy Award (1973) and five Grammy Awards (1974, 1975, 1976, 1981, and 1982). In 1974, he also won two American Academy of Humor awards and the Writers Guild of America Award. The first-ever Kennedy Center Mark Twain Prize for American Humor was presented to him in 1998. He was listed at number one on Comedy Central's list of all-time greatest stand-up comedians.[1] In 2017, Rolling Stone ranked him first on its list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time.[2]

Early life[edit]

Born on December 1, 1940 in Peoria, Illinois, Richard Franklin Lennox Thomas Pryor grew up in the brothel run by his grandmother, Marie Carter, where his alcoholic mother, Gertrude L. (née Thomas), was a prostitute.[3] His father, LeRoy "Buck Carter" Pryor (June 7, 1915 – September 27, 1968), was a former boxer and hustler.[4] After Gertrude abandoned him when he was ten, Pryor was raised primarily by Marie,[5] a tall, violent woman who would beat him for any of his eccentricities.[6] Pryor was one of four children raised in his grandmother's brothel. He was sexually abused at age seven,[7] and expelled from school at the age of fourteen.[8] While in Peoria, he became a Freemason at a local lodge.[9]

Pryor served in the U.S. Army from 1958 to 1960, but spent virtually the entire stint in an army prison. According to a 1999 profile about Pryor in The New Yorker, Pryor was incarcerated for an incident that occurred while he was stationed in West Germany. Angered that a white soldier was overly amused at the racially charged scenes of Douglas Sirk's film Imitation of Life, Pryor and several other black soldiers beat and stabbed him, although not fatally.[8]

Relationships and children[edit]

Pryor was married seven times to five women:[7][8][10]

  1. Patricia Price, whom he married in 1960 and divorced the following year
  2. Shelley Bonus, whom he married in 1967 and divorced in 1969
  3. Deborah McGuire, whom he married on September 22, 1977; they divorced the following year.
  4. Jennifer Lee, whom he married in August 1981. They divorced in October 1982, but later remarried on June 29, 2001, and remained married until Pryor's death.
  5. Flynn Belaine, whom he married in October 1986. They were divorced in July 1987, but later remarried on April 1, 1990. They divorced again in July 1991.

Pryor also had relationships with actresses Pam Grier and Margot Kidder.[11] In 2018, Quincy Jones and Jennifer Lee claimed that Pryor had a sexual relationship with Marlon Brando, and that Pryor was open about his bisexuality with his friends.[12][13] Pryor's daughter Rain later disputed the claim.[14] In his autobiography, Pryor admitted to having a two-week sexual relationship with a transvestite, which he called "two weeks of being gay".[15]

Pryor had seven children with six different women:

  1. Renee Pryor, born in 1957, the child of Pryor and girlfriend Susan, when Pryor was 17[8][16][17]
  2. Richard Pryor, Jr., born in 1962, the child of Pryor and his first wife, Patricia Price
  3. Elizabeth Ann, born in April 1967, the child of Pryor and girlfriend Maxine Anderson
  4. Rain Pryor, born July 16, 1969, the child of Pryor and his second wife, Shelley Bonus
  5. Steven, born in 1984, the child of Pryor and Flynn Belaine, who later became his fifth wife
  6. Kelsey, born in October 1987, the child of Pryor and his fifth wife, Flynn Belaine
  7. Franklin, born in 1987, the child of Pryor and actress/model Geraldine Mason

Career[edit]

1960s[edit]

Publicity photo of Pryor for one of his Mister Kelly's appearances, 1968–1969

In 1963, Pryor moved to New York City and began performing regularly in clubs alongside performers such as Bob Dylan and Woody Allen. On one of his first nights, he opened for singer and pianist Nina Simone at New York's Village Gate. Simone recalls Pryor's bout of performance anxiety:

He shook like he had malaria, he was so nervous. I couldn't bear to watch him shiver, so I put my arms around him there in the dark and rocked him like a baby until he calmed down. The next night was the same, and the next, and I rocked him each time.[18]

Inspired by Bill Cosby, Pryor began as a middlebrow comic, with material far less controversial than what was to come. Soon, he began appearing regularly on television variety shows, such as The Ed Sullivan Show, The Merv Griffin Show, and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. His popularity led to success as a comic in Las Vegas. The first five tracks on the 2005 compilation CD Evolution/Revolution: The Early Years (1966–1974), recorded in 1966 and 1967, capture Pryor in this period.

In September 1967, Pryor had what he described in his autobiography Pryor Convictions (1995) as an "epiphany". He walked onto the stage at the Aladdin Hotel in Las Vegas (with Dean Martin in the audience), looked at the sold-out crowd, exclaimed over the microphone, "What the fuck am I doing here!?", and walked off the stage. Afterward, Pryor began working profanity into his act, including the word "nigger". His first comedy recording, the eponymous 1968 debut release on the Dove/Reprise label, captures this particular period, tracking the evolution of Pryor's routine. Around this time, his parents died—his mother in 1967 and his father in 1968.[10]

In 1969, Pryor moved to Berkeley, California, where he immersed himself in the counterculture and rubbed elbows with the likes of Huey P. Newton and Ishmael Reed.[citation needed]

1970s[edit]

In the 1970s, Pryor wrote for such television shows as Sanford and Son, The Flip Wilson Show, and a 1973 Lily Tomlin special, for which he shared an Emmy Award.[19] During this period, Pryor tried to break into mainstream television. He also appeared in several popular films, including Lady Sings the Blues (1972), The Mack (1973), Uptown Saturday Night (1974), Silver Streak (1976), Car Wash (1976), Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings (1976), Which Way Is Up? (1977), Greased Lightning (1977), Blue Collar (1978), The Muppet Movie (1979).

Pryor signed with the comedy-oriented independent record label Laff Records in 1970, and in 1971 recorded his second album, Craps (After Hours). Two years later, the relatively unknown comedian appeared in the documentary Wattstax (1972), wherein he riffed on the tragic-comic absurdities of race relations in Watts and the nation. Not long afterward, Pryor sought a deal with a larger label, and he signed with Stax Records in 1973.

When his third, breakthrough album, That Nigger's Crazy (1974), was released, Laff, which claimed ownership of Pryor's recording rights, almost succeeded in getting an injunction to prevent the album from being sold. Negotiations led to Pryor's release from his Laff contract. In return for this concession, Laff was enabled to release previously unissued material, recorded between 1968 and 1973, at will. That Nigger's Crazy was a commercial and critical success; it was eventually certified gold by the RIAA[20] and won the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album at the 1975 Grammy Awards.

During the legal battle, Stax briefly closed its doors. At this time, Pryor returned to Reprise/Warner Bros. Records, which re-released That Nigger's Crazy, immediately after ...Is It Something I Said?, his first album with his new label. Like That Nigger's Crazy, the album was a hit with both critics and fans; it was eventually certified platinum by the RIAA and won the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Recording at the 1976 Grammy Awards.

Pryor's release Bicentennial Nigger (1976) continued his streak of success. It became his third consecutive gold album, and he collected his third consecutive Grammy for Best Comedy Recording for the album in 1977. With every successful album Pryor recorded for Warner (or later, his concert films and his 1980 freebasing accident), Laff quickly published an album of older material to capitalize on Pryor's growing fame—a practice they continued until 1983. The covers of Laff albums tied in thematically with Pryor movies, such as Are You Serious? for Silver Streak (1976), The Wizard of Comedy for his appearance in The Wiz (1978), and Insane for Stir Crazy (1980).[21]

Pryor also performed in the Lily Tomlin specials. He is seen here with Tomlin and Alan Alda in Tomlin's 1973 special.

Pryor co-wrote Blazing Saddles (1974), directed by Mel Brooks and starring Gene Wilder. Pryor was to play the lead role of Bart, but the film's production studio would not insure him, and Mel Brooks chose Cleavon Little, instead. Before his horribly damaging 1980 freebasing incident, Pryor was about to start filming Mel Brooks' History of the World, Part I (1981), but was replaced at the last minute by Gregory Hines.[citation needed] Pryor was also originally considered for the role of Billy Ray Valentine on Trading Places (1983), before Eddie Murphy won the part.[citation needed]

In 1975, Pryor was a guest host on the first season of Saturday Night Live and the first black person to host the show. Pryor took longtime girlfriend, actress-talk show host Kathrine McKee (sister of Lonette McKee), with him to New York, and she made a brief guest appearance with Pryor on SNL. He participated in the "word association" skit with Chevy Chase.[22] He would later do his own variety show,The Richard Pryor Show, which premiered on NBC in 1977. The show was cancelled after only four episodes probably because television audiences did not respond well to his show's controversial subject matter, and Pryor was unwilling to alter his material for network censors. During the short-lived series, he portrayed the first black President of the United States, spoofed the Star Wars Mos Eisley cantina, took on gun violence, and in another skit, used costumes and visual distortion to appear nude.[23]

In 1979, at the height of his success, Pryor visited Africa. Upon returning to the United States, Pryor swore he would never use the word "nigger" in his stand-up comedy routine again.[24][25]

1980s[edit]

Pryor in February 1986

Late in the evening of June 9, 1980, during the making of the film Stir Crazy, and after days of freebasing cocaine, Pryor poured 151-proof rum all over himself and lit himself on fire. While ablaze, he ran down Parthenia Street from his Los Angeles home, until being subdued by police. He was taken to a hospital, where he was treated for second- and third-degree burns covering more than half of his body. Pryor spent six weeks in recovery at the Grossman Burn Center at Sherman Oaks Hospital. His daughter, Rain, stated that the incident happened as a result of a bout of drug-induced psychosis.[26]

Pryor incorporated a description of the incident into his comedy show Richard Pryor: Live on the Sunset Strip (1982). He joked that the event was caused by dunking a cookie into a glass of low-fat and pasteurized milk, causing an explosion. At the end of the bit, he poked fun at people who told jokes about it by waving a lit match and saying, "What's that? Richard Pryor running down the street."

After his "final performance", Pryor did not stay away from stand-up comedy long. Within a year, he filmed and released a new concert film and accompanying album, Richard Pryor: Here and Now (1983), which he directed himself. He also wrote and directed a fictionalized account of his life, Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling (1986), which revolved around the 1980 freebasing incident.

In 1983, Pryor signed a five-year contract with Columbia Pictures for $40 million and he started his own production company, Indigo Productions.[27][28] Softer, more formulaic films followed, including Superman III (1983), which earned Pryor $4 million; Brewster's Millions (1985), Moving (1988), and See No Evil, Hear No Evil (1989). The only film project from this period that recalled his rough roots was Pryor's semiautobiographic debut as a writer-director, Jo Jo Dancer, Your Life Is Calling (1986), which was not a major success.

Despite a reputation for constantly using profanity on and off camera, Pryor briefly hosted a children's show on CBS called Pryor's Place (1984). Like Sesame Street, Pryor's Place featured a cast of puppets, hanging out and having fun in a surprisingly friendly inner-city environment along with several children and characters portrayed by Pryor himself. However, Pryor's Place frequently dealt with more sobering issues than Sesame Street. It was cancelled shortly after its debut, despite the efforts of famed puppeteers Sid and Marty Krofft and a theme song by Ray Parker, Jr. of "Ghostbusters" (1984) fame.

Pryor co-hosted the Academy Awards twice and was nominated for an Emmy for a guest role on the television series Chicago Hope. Network censors had warned Pryor about his profanity for the Academy Awards, and after a slip early in the program, a five-second delay was instituted when returning from a commercial break. Pryor is also one of only three Saturday Night Live hosts to be subjected to a rare five-second delay for his 1975 appearance (along with Sam Kinison in 1986 and Andrew Dice Clay in 1990).[citation needed]

Pryor developed a reputation for being demanding and disrespectful on film sets, and for making selfish and difficult requests. In his autobiography Kiss Me Like a Stranger, co-star Gene Wilder says that Pryor was frequently late to the set during filming of Stir Crazy, and that he demanded, among other things, a helicopter to fly him to and from set because he was the star. Pryor was also accused of using allegations of on-set racism to force the hand of film producers into giving him more money:

One day during our lunch hour in the last week of filming, the craft service man handed out slices of watermelon to each of us. Richard, the whole camera crew, and I sat together in a big sound studio eating a number of watermelon slices, talking and joking. As a gag, some members of the crew used a piece of watermelon as a Frisbee, and tossed it back and forth to each other. One piece of watermelon landed at Richard's feet. He got up and went home. Filming stopped. The next day, Richard announced that he knew very well what the significance of watermelon was. He said that he was quitting show business and would not return to this film. The day after that, Richard walked in, all smiles. I wasn't privy to all the negotiations that went on between Columbia and Richard's lawyers, but the camera operator who had thrown that errant piece of watermelon had been fired that day. I assume now that Richard was using drugs during Stir Crazy.[29]

He appeared in Harlem Nights (1989), a comedy-drama crime film starring three generations of black comedians (Pryor, Eddie Murphy, and Redd Foxx).

1990s and 2000s[edit]

In his later years starting in the early to mid-1990s, Pryor used a power-operated mobility scooter due to multiple sclerosis (MS, which he said stood for "More Shit").[citation needed] He appears on the scooter in his last film appearance, a small role in David Lynch's Lost Highway (1997) playing an auto-repair garage manager named Arnie.

Rhino Records remastered all of Pryor's Reprise and WB albums for inclusion in the box set ...And It's Deep Too! The Complete Warner Bros. Recordings (2000).

In early 2000, Pryor appeared in the cold open of The Norm Show in the episode entitled "Norm vs. The Boxer". He played an elderly man in a wheelchair who lost the rights to in-home nursing when he kept attacking the nurses before attacking Norm himself.[30]

In 2002, Pryor and his wife/manager, Jennifer Lee Pryor, won legal rights to all the Laff material, which amounted to almost 40 hours of reel-to-reel analog tape. After going through the tapes and getting Richard's blessing, Jennifer Lee Pryor gave Rhino Records access to the tapes in 2004. These tapes, including the entire Craps album, form the basis of the February 1, 2005, double-CD release Evolution/Revolution: The Early Years (1966–1974).[31]

Health[edit]

In November 1977, after many years of heavy smoking and drinking, Pryor suffered a mild heart attack. He recovered and resumed performing by January the following year. He was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 1986.[32] In 1990, Pryor suffered a second heart attack while in Australia.[33] He underwent triple heart bypass surgery in 1991.[34]

In late 2004, his sister said he had lost his voice as result of his multiple sclerosis. However, on January 9, 2005, Pryor's wife, Jennifer Lee, rebutted this statement in a post on Pryor's official website, citing Richard as saying: "I'm sick of hearing this shit about me not talking... not true... I have good days, bad days... but I still am a talkin' motherfucker!"[35]

Death[edit]

Richard Pryor's star at the Hollywood Walk of Fame, covered with items left by fans

On December 10, 2005, nine days after his 65th birthday, Pryor suffered a heart attack in Los Angeles. He was taken to a local hospital after his wife's attempts to resuscitate him failed. He was pronounced dead at 7:58 am PST. His widow Jennifer was quoted as saying, "At the end, there was a smile on his face."[28] He was cremated, and his ashes were given to his family.[36][37] Forensic pathologist Michael Hunter believes Pryor's fatal heart attack was caused by coronary artery disease that was at least partially brought about by years of tobacco smoking.[38]

Legacy[edit]

Jerry Seinfeld called Pryor "the Picasso of our profession"[39] and Bob Newhart heralded Pryor as "the seminal comedian of the last 50 years".[40] Dave Chappelle said of Pryor, "You know those, like, evolution charts of man? He was the dude walking upright. Richard was the highest evolution of comedy."[41] This legacy can be attributed, in part, to the unusual degree of intimacy Pryor brought to bear on his comedy. As Bill Cosby reportedly once said, "Richard Pryor drew the line between comedy and tragedy as thin as one could possibly paint it."[42]

Awards and honors[edit]

In 1998, Pryor won the first Mark Twain Prize for American Humor from the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. According to former Kennedy Center President Lawrence J. Wilker, Pryor was selected as the first recipient of the Prize because

as a stand-up comic, writer, and actor, he struck a chord, and a nerve, with America, forcing it to look at large social questions of race and the more tragicomic aspects of the human condition. Though uncompromising in his wit, Pryor, like Twain, projects a generosity of spirit that unites us. They were both trenchant social critics who spoke the truth, however outrageous.[citation needed]

In 2004, Pryor was voted number one on Comedy Central's list of the 100 Greatest Stand-ups of All Time.[1] In a 2005 British poll to find "The Comedian's Comedian", Pryor was voted the 10th-greatest comedy act ever by fellow comedians and comedy insiders.

Pryor was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2006.[43]

The animal rights organization PETA gives out an award in Pryor's name to people who have done outstanding work to alleviate animal suffering. Pryor was active in animal rights and was deeply concerned about the plight of elephants in circuses and zoos.[citation needed]

Artist Preston Jackson created a life-sized bronze statue in dedication to the beloved comedian and named it "Richard Pryor: More than Just a Comedian". It was placed at the corner of State and Washington Streets in downtown Peoria, on May 1, 2015, close to the neighborhood in which he grew up with his mother. The unveiling was held Sunday, May 3, 2015.[44]

Retrospectives[edit]

In 2002, a television documentary entitled The Funny Life of Richard Pryor depicted Pryor's life and career.[45] Broadcast in the UK as part of the Channel 4 series Kings of Black Comedy,[46][47] it was produced, directed and narrated by David Upshal[45] and featured rare clips from Pryor's 1960s stand-up appearances and movies such as Silver Streak (1976), Blue Collar (1978), Richard Pryor: Live in Concert (1978), and Stir Crazy (1980). Contributors included George Carlin, Dave Chappelle, Whoopi Goldberg, Ice-T, Paul Mooney, Joan Rivers, and Lily Tomlin. The show tracked down the two cops who had rescued Pryor from his "freebasing incident", former managers, and even school friends from Pryor's home town of Peoria, Illinois. In the US, the show went out as part of the Heroes of Black Comedy[48][49] series on Comedy Central, narrated by Don Cheadle.[50][51]

A television documentary, Richard Pryor: I Ain't Dead Yet, #*%$#@!! (2003) consisted of archival footage of Pryor's performances and testimonials from fellow comedians, including Dave Chappelle, Denis Leary, Chris Rock, and Wanda Sykes, on Pryor's influence on comedy.

On December 19, 2005, BET aired a Pryor special, titled The Funniest Man Dead or Alive. It included commentary from fellow comedians, and insight into his upbringing.[52]

A retrospective of Pryor's film work, concentrating on the 1970s, titled A Pryor Engagement, opened at Brooklyn Academy of Music Cinemas for a two-week run in February 2013.[53] Several prolific comedians who have claimed Pryor as an influence include George Carlin, Dave Attell, Martin Lawrence, Dave Chappelle, Chris Rock, Colin Quinn, Patrice O'Neal, Bill Hicks, Sam Kinison, Bill Burr, Louis C.K., Jerry Seinfeld, Jon Stewart, Eddie Murphy, Eddie Griffin, and Eddie Izzard.[citation needed]

On May 31, 2013, Showtime debuted the documentary Richard Pryor: Omit the Logic directed by Emmy Award–winning filmmaker Marina Zenovich. The executive producers are Pryor's widow Jennifer Lee Pryor and Roy Ackerman. Interviewees include Dave Chappelle, Whoopi Goldberg, Jesse Jackson, Quincy Jones, George Lopez, Bob Newhart, Richard Pryor, Jr., Lily Tomlin, and Robin Williams.[54][55]

From June 7 to 9, 2013, SiriusXM hosted "Richard Pryor Radio", a three-day tribute which featured his stand-up comedy and full live concerts. "Richard Pryor Radio" replaced The Foxxhole for the duration of the event.[citation needed]

Portrayals[edit]

In the episode "Taxes and Death or Get Him to the Sunset Strip"[56](2012), the voice of Richard Pryor is played by Eddie Griffin in the satirical TV show Black Dynamite.

A planned biopic, entitled Richard Pryor: Is It Something I Said?, was being produced by Chris Rock and Adam Sandler.[57] The film would have starred Marlon Wayans as the young Pryor.[58] Other actors previously attached include Mike Epps and Eddie Murphy. The film would have been directed by Bill Condon and was still in development with no release date, as of February 2013.[59]

The biopic remained in limbo, and went through several producers until it was announced in January 2014 that it was being backed by The Weinstein Company with Lee Daniels as director.[60] It was further announced, in August 2014, that the biopic will have Oprah Winfrey as producer and will star Mike Epps as Pryor.[61]

He is portrayed by Brandon Ford Green in Season 1 Episode 4 "Sugar and Spice" of Showtime's I'm Dying Up Here.

Literature[edit]

  • Rovin, Jeff. Richard Pryor: Black and Blue. London: Orbis, 1983.
  • Haskins, James. Richard Pryor, A Man and His Madness: A Biography. New York: Beaufort Books, 1984.
  • Williams, John A. and Dennis A. Williams. If I Stop I'll Die: The Comedy and Tragedy of Richard Pryor. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 1991.
  • Pryor, Richard with Todd Gold. Pryor Convictions and Other Life Sentences. New York: Pantheon Books, 1995.
  • Pryor, Rain with Cathy Crimmins. Jokes My Father Never Taught Me: Life, Love, and Loss with Richard Pryor. New York: HarperCollins, 2006.
  • McCluskey, Audrey Thomas, ed. Richard Pryor: The Life and Legacy of a "Crazy" Black Man. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2008.
  • Brown, Cecil. Pryor Lives! How Richard Pryor Became Richard Pryor. CreateSpace, 2013.
  • Henry, David and Joe Henry. Furious Cool: Richard Pryor and the World That Made Him. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 2013.
  • Saul, Scott. Becoming Richard Pryor. New York: HarperCollins, 2014.
  • Bailey, Jason. Richard Pryor: American Id. Raleigh, NC: The Critical Press, 2015.

Discography[edit]

Albums[edit]

Compilations[edit]

Filmography[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Why Chappelle is the man". Vox Magazine. September 30, 2004. Archived from the original on September 14, 2016. Retrieved September 1, 2016. Pryor was voted No. 1 in Comedy Central's 100 Greatest Stand-Ups of All Time in April.
  2. ^ The 50 Best Stand-up Comics of All Time. Rollingstone.com, retrieved February 15, 2017.
  3. ^ "Richard the Great". New York Post. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
  4. ^ "Richard Pryor's official biography". RichardPryor.com.
  5. ^ "Richard Pryor website". Richardpryor.com. Archived from the original on May 23, 2010. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
  6. ^ "Richard Pryor". Nndb.com. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
  7. ^ a b Jones, Steve (December 10, 2005). "Comedian Richard Pryor dies at 65". USA Today.
  8. ^ a b c d Als, Hilton (September 13, 1999). "A Pryor Love". The New Yorker.
  9. ^ "Richard Pryor". GLBCY. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
  10. ^ a b "Richard Pryor-Personal Life" Retrieved August 25, 2015
  11. ^ Rabin, Nathan Rabin (March 3, 2009). "Random Roles: Margot Kidder (interview)". The A.V. Club.
  12. ^ "Richard Pryor's Widow Confirms Her Husband Had Sex With Marlon Brando". Retrieved 2018-02-07.
  13. ^ "Richard Pryor's Daughter Slams His Widow as a 'Bottom Feeder' for Marlon Brando Sex Claims". PEOPLE.com. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  14. ^ Crucchiola, Jordan. "Richard Pryor's Daughter Dismisses Claim He Had Sex With Marlon Brando". Vulture. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
  15. ^ "RICHARD PRYOR'S PEORIA WAS THE DEVIL'S PLAYGROUND". NY Daily News. Retrieved 2018-02-08.
  16. ^ "Richard Pryor biography". Hollywood.com.
  17. ^ Scott Saul (December 9, 2014). Becoming Richard Pryor.
  18. ^ Simone, Nina & Cleary, Stephen (1991). I Put a Spell on You: The Autobiography of Nina Simone. New York City: Pantheon Books. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-0-679-41068-3.
  19. ^ "Richard Pryor Emmy Winner". Television Academy.
  20. ^ Paul Green, "Richie Sets Multiplantium Record: Boston Has RIAA Top Debut Album," Billboard, November 15, 1986.
  21. ^ "Richard Pryor Fast Facts". Yourdictionary. Retrieved July 30, 2016.
  22. ^ "SNL Transcripts: Richard Pryor: 12/13/75: Racist Word Association Interview". Snltranscripts.jt.org. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
  23. ^ Silverman, David S. (2007). You Can't Air That: Four Cases of Controversy and Censorship in American Television Programming. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
  24. ^ "The N-word and Richard Pryor". The New York Times. 2005-12-15. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-12-20.
  25. ^ The word 'Nigger' – Richard Pryor & George Carlin on YouTube
  26. ^ "Interview with Rain Pryor". People. November 6, 2006. p. 76.
  27. ^ "Richard Pryor Ouster of Blacks Criticized". The New York Times. Associated Press. December 17, 1983. Retrieved 2015-09-18. Mr. Pryor announced in May that he had signed a five-year, $40 million production deal with Columbia Pictures and promised to open up opportunities for minorities at his Indigo Productions.
  28. ^ a b Staff writer (December 10, 2005). "Comedian Richard Pryor Dead at 65 – Groundbreaking Black U.S. Comedian Richard Pryor Has Died after Almost 20 Years with Multiple Sclerosis". BBC News. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
  29. ^ Wilder, Gene (2005). Kiss Me Like a Stranger: My Search for Love and Art. New York: St. Martin's Press. pp. 185–186. ISBN 978-0-312-33706-3. OCLC 475142187.
  30. ^ "The Norm Show – Norm vs. the Boxer". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  31. ^ "Richard Pryor – Evolution/Revolution: The Early Years (1966–1974) CD". CD Universe.
  32. ^ "The Official Biography of Richard Pryor". Indigo, Inc. Retrieved May 8, 2016.
  33. ^ Writer, From a Times Staff (1990-03-23). "Richard Pryor Suffers a Minor Heart Attack in Australia". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  34. ^ "Richard Pryor Cracking Jokes After Triple Bypass". tribunedigital-orlandosentinel. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  35. ^ "Richard Pryor". Richard Pryor. Retrieved June 17, 2010.
  36. ^ Benoit, Tod (2015). Where Are They Buried?: How Did They Die? Fitting Ends and Final Resting Places of the Famous, Infamous, and Noteworthy. Hachette Books. ISBN 9780316391962.
  37. ^ Scott, Wilson (2016). Resting Places: The Burial Sites of Over 10,000 Famous Persons (3rd ed.). Jefferson, NC: McFarland. ISBN 9781476625997. OCLC 894938680.
  38. ^ "Autopsy: The Last Hours Of Richard Pryor." Autopsy. Nar. Eric Meyers. Exec. Prod. Ed Taylor and Michael Kelpie. Reelz, March 25, 2017. Television.
  39. ^ Morton, Bruce (December 21, 2005). "Those We Lost". CNN. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
  40. ^ "Bob Newhart". PBS American Masters.
  41. ^ "Dave Chappelle". Inside the Actors Studio. Season 12. Episode 10. 2006-02-12. Bravo.
  42. ^ O'Benson, Tambay. "Richard Pryor Retrospective at BAMcinématek, Brooklyn (10 Days, 20 Films, All in 35 mm)". Indiewire. Retrieved December 26, 2012.
  43. ^ "Richard Pryor to Get Posthumous Grammy Award". Voice of America. January 11, 2006. Archived from the original on September 13, 2008. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
  44. ^ Leslie Renken (May 1, 2015). "Long effort to honor Peoria-born comedian Richard Pryor culminates in Sunday unveiling". Peoria Journal Star. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
  45. ^ a b http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b87cb041e
  46. ^ "Kings of Black Comedy", Oxford Film & Television.
  47. ^ http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-23491363.html
  48. ^ "Heroes of Black Comedy (TV Mini-Series) — Full Cast & Crew", IMDb.
  49. ^ Movie Details for '"Heroes of Black Comedy" Richard Pryor' (2002) Archived December 8, 2015, at the Wayback Machine., IMDb.
  50. ^ "Heroes of Black Comedy (2002 TV Mini-Series) — Full Cast & Crew", IMDb.
  51. ^ "Heroes of Black Comedy, The (2002)", TCM.
  52. ^ Hudlin, Reginald (2005-12-19), Richard Pryor: The Funniest Man Dead or Alive, Flynn Belaine, Dave Chappelle, Mike Epps, retrieved 2017-10-18
  53. ^ Zinoman, Jason (February 5, 2013). "Wild, Wired, Remembered A Richard Pryor Retrospective, 'A Pryor Engagement,' at BAM". The New York Times. Retrieved February 6, 2013.
  54. ^ "Richard Pryor: Omit the Logic, Internet Movie Database.com". Internet Movie Database. July 31, 2013.
  55. ^ "Richard Pryor: Omit the Logic to Premiere Friday May 31 on Showtime". TVbytheNumbers.
  56. ^ "Taxes and Death' or Get Him to the Sunset Strip".
  57. ^ "All Voices Article July 5th 2010". Archived from the original on March 13, 2012.
  58. ^ Flick Direct article 10th September 2009
  59. ^ Richard Pryor: Is It Something I Said? on IMDb
  60. ^ "Lee Daniels To Direct Richard Pryor Biopic, Michael B. Jordan, Damon Wayans & Eddie Murphy in the Mix To Lead = The Playlist". January 10, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
  61. ^ "Lee Daniels' Richard Pryor biopic to star Mike Epps". BBC News. Retrieved August 28, 2014.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Pryor&oldid=864690387"