1.
Ohio
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Ohio /oʊˈhaɪ. oʊ/ is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States. Ohio is the 34th largest by area, the 7th most populous, the states capital and largest city is Columbus. The state takes its name from the Ohio River, the name originated from the Iroquois word ohi-yo’, meaning great river or large creek. Partitioned from the Northwest Territory, the state was admitted to the Union as the 17th state on March 1,1803, Ohio is historically known as the Buckeye State after its Ohio buckeye trees, and Ohioans are also known as Buckeyes. Ohio occupies 16 seats in the United States House of Representatives, Ohio is known for its status as both a swing state and a bellwether in national elections. Six Presidents of the United States have been elected who had Ohio as their home state, Ohios geographic location has proven to be an asset for economic growth and expansion. Because Ohio links the Northeast to the Midwest, much cargo, Ohio has the nations 10th largest highway network, and is within a one-day drive of 50% of North Americas population and 70% of North Americas manufacturing capacity. To the north, Lake Erie gives Ohio 312 miles of coastline, Ohios southern border is defined by the Ohio River, and much of the northern border is defined by Lake Erie. Ohios neighbors are Pennsylvania to the east, Michigan to the northwest, Ontario Canada, to the north, Indiana to the west, Kentucky on the south, Ohio is bounded by the Ohio River, but nearly all of the river itself belongs to Kentucky and West Virginia. Ohio has only that portion of the river between the rivers 1792 low-water mark and the present high-water mark, the border with Michigan has also changed, as a result of the Toledo War, to angle slightly northeast to the north shore of the mouth of the Maumee River. Much of Ohio features glaciated plains, with a flat area in the northwest being known as the Great Black Swamp. Most of Ohio is of low relief, but the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau features rugged hills, in 1965 the United States Congress passed the Appalachian Regional Development Act, at attempt to address the persistent poverty and growing economic despair of the Appalachian Region. This act defines 29 Ohio counties as part of Appalachia, the worst weather disaster in Ohio history occurred along the Great Miami River in 1913. Known as the Great Dayton Flood, the entire Miami River watershed flooded, as a result, the Miami Conservancy District was created as the first major flood plain engineering project in Ohio and the United States. Grand Lake St. Marys in the west central part of the state was constructed as a supply of water for canals in the era of 1820–1850. For many years this body of water, over 20 square miles, was the largest artificial lake in the world and it should be noted that Ohios canal-building projects were not the economic fiasco that similar efforts were in other states. Some cities, such as Dayton, owe their emergence to location on canals. Summers are typically hot and humid throughout the state, while winters generally range from cool to cold, precipitation in Ohio is moderate year-round
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
Soil
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Soil is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, liquids, and countless organisms that together support life on Earth. Soil is called the Skin of the Earth and interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, the term pedolith, used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates ground stone. Soil consists of a phase of minerals and organic matter, as well as a porous phase that holds gases. Accordingly, soils are often treated as a system of solids, liquids. Soil is a product of the influence of climate, relief, organisms, Soil continually undergoes development by way of numerous physical, chemical and biological processes, which include weathering with associated erosion. Given its complexity and strong internal connectedness soil has been considered as an ecosystem by soil ecologists. Most soils have a dry bulk density between 1.1 and 1.6 g/cm3, while the particle density is much higher. Little of the soil of planet Earth is older than the Pleistocene and none is older than the Cenozoic, Soil science has two basic branches of study, edaphology and pedology. Edaphology is concerned with the influence of soils on living things, pedology is focused on the formation, description, and classification of soils in their natural environment. In engineering terms, soil is referred to as regolith, or loose material that lies above the solid geology. Soil is commonly referred to as earth or dirt, technically, as soil resources serve as a basis for food security, the international community advocates its sustainable and responsible use through different types of soil governance. Soil is a component of the Earths ecosystem. The worlds ecosystems are impacted in far-reaching ways by the carried out in the soil, from ozone depletion and global warming, to rainforest destruction. Following the atmosphere, the soil is the next largest carbon reservoir on Earth, as the planet warms, soils will add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere due to its increased biological activity at higher temperatures. Thus, soil carbon losses likely have a positive feedback response to global warming. Since soil has a range of available niches and habitats. A gram of soil can contain billions of organisms, belonging to thousands of species, mostly microbial, Soil has a mean prokaryotic density of roughly 108 organisms per gram, whereas the ocean has no more than 107 procaryotic organisms per milliliter of seawater. Since plant roots need oxygen, ventilation is an important characteristic of soil and this ventilation can be accomplished via networks of interconnected soil pores, which also absorb and hold rainwater making it readily available for plant uptake
4.
Mansfield, Ohio
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Mansfield is a city in and the county seat of Richland County, Ohio, United States. It was founded in 1808 on a fork of the Mohican River in a region surrounded by fertile farmlands. After the decline of manufacturing, the citys industry has since diversified into a service economy, including retailing, education. The 2010 Census showed that the city had a population of 47,821. Mansfields official nickname is The Fun Center of Ohio, Mansfield is also known as the Carousel Capital of Ohio, Danger City, and Racing Capital of Ohio. Anchored by the Richland Carousel District, downtown Mansfield is experiencing growth in the arts, recent concert events in the downtown Brickyard venue have drawn crowds numbering over 5,000 people. Mansfield, in partnership with local and national partners, has started to address blight and economic stagnation, the Carousel district recently welcomed its first craft brewer, The Phoenix Brewing Company, the first brewer in Mansfield since prohibition. Mid-Ohio Opera offers performances of opera and smaller concerts for downtown residents. Originally platted as a square, known today as the square or Central Park. During that same year of its founding, a log cabin was built by Samuel Martin on lot 97, making it the first, Samuel Martin was the first settler in Mansfield and built his cabin with the help of Jacob Brubaker. Martin lived in the cabin during the winter and sold whiskey to Indians and this, being illegal compelled Martin, the first settler, to flee the country. James Cunningham moved into the cabin in the year of 1809, at that time, there were less than a dozen settlers in Richland County while Ohio was still largely wilderness. Two blockhouses were erected on the square during the War of 1812 for protection against the North American colonies. The block houses were erected in a single night, before the war ended, the first courthouse, and jail of Richland County was served in one of two blockhouses that were located on the public square until 1816. The blockhouse was used as a school with Miss Eliza Wolf being its teacher. Mansfield was incorporated in 1828, and in 1857 Mansfield was chartered as a city with a population ascertained to be 5,121. In 1872 Mansfield became known for the historic Penny Guinness murder, in which a child was killed. The case was never solved but remains a topic of folklore in Mansfield
5.
Ohio's 7th congressional district
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Ohios 7th congressional district is represented by Bob Gibbs. It is currently located in the section of the state. It was redrawn in 2012, following the 2010 United States Census, the following chart shows historic election results. Ohios congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
6.
Cleveland
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Cleveland is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the states second most populous county. The city proper has a population of 388,072, making Cleveland the 51st largest city in the United States, Greater Cleveland ranked as the 32nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 2,055,612 people in 2016. The city is the center of the Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, the city is located on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles west of the Pennsylvania border. Clevelands economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Residents of Cleveland are called Clevelanders, Cleveland has many nicknames, the oldest of which in contemporary use being The Forest City. Cleaveland oversaw the plan for what would become the downtown area, centered on Public Square, before returning home. The first settler in Cleaveland was Lorenzo Carter, who built a cabin on the banks of the Cuyahoga River, the Village of Cleaveland was incorporated on December 23,1814. In spite of the swampy lowlands and harsh winters, its waterfront location proved to be an advantage. The area began rapid growth after the 1832 completion of the Ohio, growth continued with added railroad links. Cleveland incorporated as a city in 1836, in 1836, the city, then located only on the eastern banks of the Cuyahoga River, nearly erupted into open warfare with neighboring Ohio City over a bridge connecting the two. Ohio City remained an independent municipality until its annexation by Cleveland in 1854, the citys prime geographic location as a transportation hub on the Great Lakes has played an important role in its development as a commercial center. Cleveland serves as a point for iron ore shipped from Minnesota. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller founded Standard Oil in Cleveland, other manufacturers located in Cleveland produced steam-powered cars, which included White and Gaeth, as well as the electric car company Baker. Because of the significant growth, Cleveland was known as the Sixth City during this period, by 1920, due in large part to the citys economic prosperity, Cleveland became the nations fifth largest city. The city counted Progressive Era politicians such as the populist Mayor Tom L. Johnson among its leaders, many prominent Clevelanders from this era are buried in the historic Lake View Cemetery, including President James A. Garfield, and John D. Rockefeller. In commemoration of the centennial of Clevelands incorporation as a city, conceived as a way to energize a city after the Great Depression, it drew four million visitors in its first season, and seven million by the end of its second and final season in September 1937. The exposition was housed on grounds that are now used by the Great Lakes Science Center, following World War II, the city experienced a prosperous economy. In sports, the Indians won the 1948 World Series, the hockey Barons became champions of the American Hockey League, as a result, along with track and boxing champions produced, Cleveland was dubbed City of Champions in sports at this time
7.
Akron, Ohio
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Akron /ˈækrən/ is the fifth-largest city in the U. S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Summit County. It is located on the edge of the Glaciated Allegheny Plateau. As of the 2015 Census Estimate, the city proper had a population of 197,542. The Akron, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area covers Summit and Portage counties and it is also part of the larger Cleveland-Akron-Canton, OH Combined Statistical Area, which in 2013 had a population of 3,501,538, ranking 15th. Co-founded along the Little Cuyahoga River in 1825 by Simon Perkins and Paul Williams, it was done so being a point at the summit of the developing Ohio. The name derived from the Greek word ἄκρον signifying a summit or high point, due to Eliakim Crosby founding North Akron in 1833, South was added to its name until the two merged into an incorporated village in 1836. Neighboring settlements Kenmore and Ellet became annexed in 1929 and it is a setting for several movie films, television shows and novel stories, and is the origin of fictional characters. Residents of the city are called Akronites and it has had many nicknames, three of which are Rubber Capital of the World, Rubber City and City of Invention. Akron became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the canal, as well as being connected to numerous others and railroad lines. The city is home to the All-American Soapbox Derby, WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens, Akron City Hospital, the Goodyear Polymer Center, and Alcoholics Anonymous. Listed by Newsweek as one of ten Information Age high tech havens, it was awarded by the National Civic League, residents Frank and Charles Menches have a disputed claim of inventing the hamburger thus the annual national festival is hosted in the city. A creature often referred to as the Kenmore Grassman is reported through history, Notable historical events that occurred in the city includes the Akron School Law of 1847 creating the K-12 system, and Sojourner Truth giving her Aint I A Woman. Resident Ferdinand Schumacher supplied the Union Army with quaker oats during the American Civil War. Akron is known for the rubber, tire, and airship industries among others, including the trucking, stoneware, sewer pipe, fishing tackle, farming equipment, mining, match, zipper, and toy industries. With a population increase of 201. 8% during the 1910s, three major civil unrest events took place during the riot of 1900, rubber strike of 1936, and the Wooster Avenue riots of 1968. Du Bois and President Bill Clinton gave speeches on race relations in the city, while visiting during August 1914, Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association. In 1971, James R. Williams founded Alpha Phi Alpha Homes Inc. to build the Channelwood Village area of Akron. During a 2016 march on West Market Street, purple heart Vietnam War veteran, Notable criminal history includes mobster Rosario Borgio headquartering the areas black hand operations, and Pretty Boy Floyds Walker-Mitchell mobs activities
8.
Greater Cleveland
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The Cleveland metropolitan area, or Greater Cleveland as it is more commonly known, is the metropolitan area surrounding the city of Cleveland in Northeast Ohio, United States. Making Greater Cleveland the 32nd most populous area in the United States. Greater Cleveland is part of the larger Cleveland–Akron–Canton Combined Statistical Area, Northeast Ohio refers to a similar but substantially larger area. Northeast Ohio is home to approximately 4 million people, has a force of almost 2 million. Other counties are considered to be in Northeast Ohio. These include Erie, Holmes, Huron and Tuscarawas counties, approximately 48. 1% of the population was male and 51. 9% were female. 4. 7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, the median income for a household in Greater Cleveland was $46,231 and the median income for a family, $59,611. The per capita income was $25,668, persons living below the poverty line was 15. 1%. For the past thirty years the Greater Cleveland area population has been in decline especially in terms of non-Hispanic whites all the while still being the most diverse region in the State, but at the same time has become even more increasingly diverse as well. As of 2010 both the Hispanic and Asian population in the Cleveland-Akron-Ashtabula area grew by almost 40%, Hispanics now number at 112,307, and Asian alone accounts for 55,087 but people who cite Asian and other ethnicites enumerate 67,231. The Chinese Americans are the oldest Asian group residing in Northeast Ohio, nevertheless, the area is also home to hundreds of Thais, Taiwanese, Pakistanis, Laotians, Cambodians, and Burmese peoples as well. The Cleveland area is home to some of the nations largest Italian, Slavic. The Hungarian population was so great at one time that Cleveland boasted of having the highest concentration of Hungarians outside of Budapest, cleveland-Akron area is home to a large Slavic population. The Greater Cleveland area is home to roughly 171,000 Polish,38,000 Slovaks,66,000 Slovenes 38,000 Czechs,31,000 Russians, Slavic Village and Shaker Square once had some of the larger concentration in the city of Cleveland. Today, Slavic Village still continues to be home to many Slavic Ohioans, the Greater Cleveland area is home to the largest Slovak, Slovene, and Hungarian community in the world, outside of Slovakia, Slovenia, and Hungary. In addition Slovenia maintains a Consulate-General in Downtown Cleveland, the city of Cleveland has also received visits from the Presidents of Hungary and Poland. Greater Cleveland is home to a sizable Jewish community, according to the North American Jewish Data Bank, an estimated 86,600 people or 3. 0% as of 2011, above the nations 1. 7%, and up from 81,500 in 1996. The highest proportion in Cuyahoga County at 5. 5%, today 23 percent of Greater Clevelands Jewish population is under 17
9.
Morrow County, Ohio
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Morrow County is a county located in the U. S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 34,827 and its county seat is Mount Gilead. The county was organized in 1848 from parts of four neighboring counties and named for Jeremiah Morrow, shawnee people used the area for hunting purposes before white settlers arrived in the early 19th century. Morrow County is included in the Columbus, OH Metropolitan Statistical Area, in 2010, the center of population of Ohio was located in Morrow County, near the village of Marengo. Morrow Countys historic World War I Victory Shaft, unique in the United States, is located in the center of downtown Mount Gilead. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 407 square miles. Morrow County is considered to be a part of Central Ohio, crawford County Richland County Knox County Delaware County Marion County Ossing Run is a tributary of Shaw Creek that flows through Morrow County, Ohio. Shaw Creek flows into Whetstone Creek which is located adjacent to Cardington, the United States Geological Survey’s Geographic Names Information System classifies Ossing Run as a stream with an identification number of 2761345. The feature name was entered into the GNIS system in April 2014, as of the census of 2000, there were 31,628 people,11,499 households, and 8,854 families residing in the county. The population density was 78 people per square mile, there were 12,132 housing units at an average density of 30 per square mile. The racial makeup of the county was 98. 37% White,0. 27% Black or African American,0. 30% Native American,0. 15% Asian,0. 18% from other races,0. 58% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 19. 00% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.72 and the average family size was 3.09. In the county, the population was out with 27. 30% under the age of 18,7. 60% from 18 to 24,29. 30% from 25 to 44,24. 30% from 45 to 64. The median age was 36 years, for every 100 females there were 99.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.00 males, the median income for a household in the county was $40,882, and the median income for a family was $45,747. Males had an income of $33,129 versus $22,454 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,830, about 6. 60% of families and 9. 00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12. 40% of those under age 18 and 7. 10% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 34,827 people,12,855 households, the population density was 85.8 inhabitants per square mile
10.
Ohio's 12th congressional district
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Ohios 12th congressional district is represented by Republican Representative Patrick J. Tiberi. The district includes communities north and east of Columbus including Zanesville, Mansfield, from 2003 to 2013 the district included the heavily African-American part of Ohios capital city, Columbus, Ohio along with its northern suburbs, including Westerville, Ohio. Historically it has been a seat for the GOP. However, in the 2004 presidential election George W. Bush narrowly won the district against John Kerry, in the 2008 presidential election, Democratic candidate Barack Obama won the 12th district by a margin of 53% to 46%. The following chart shows historic election results, Ohios congressional districts List of United States congressional districts Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, the Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
11.
Ashland, Ohio
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Ashland is a city in and the county seat of Ashland County, Ohio, United States. The population was 20,362 at the 2010 census and it is the center of the Ashland Micropolitan Statistical Area. Ashland is well known in the state for its sign that proclaims the city to be The World Headquarters of Nice People. Ashland was designated a Tree City USA by the National Arbor Day Foundation, Ashland was laid out by Daniel Carter in 1815. Ashland was originally called Uniontown, but in 1822 the city was compelled to adopt a new name because another city in Ohio was already named Uniontown, the new name of Ashland was selected by supporters of the Kentucky congressman Henry Clay, from Ashland, his estate near Lexington. Later, Henry Clay High School was considered as a name for what is now known as Ashland High School, in the mid-1800s, Ashland pioneers traveled to Oregon, naming a settlement after the town. Ashland is located at 40°52′1″N 82°18′55″W, according to the 2010 census, the city has a total area of 11.23 square miles, of which 11.17 square miles is land and 0.06 square miles is water. The city contains 85.6 miles of streets, one hospital, one station, one police station. As of the census of 2010, there were 20,362 people,8,063 households, the population density was 1,822.9 inhabitants per square mile. There were 8,914 housing units at a density of 798.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 8% White,1. 4% African American,0. 1% Native American,1. 0% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 3% from other races, and 1. 3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 2% of the population,34. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.28 and the family size was 2.91. The median age in the city was 36.1 years. 21% of residents were under the age of 18,15. 7% were between the ages of 18 and 24,22. 5% were from 25 to 44,23. 1% were from 45 to 64, and 17. 7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46. 8% male and 53. 2% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 21,249 people,8,327 households, and 5,262 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,051.5 people per square mile, there were 8,870 housing units at an average density of 856. 4/sq mi. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 35% White,1. 19% African American,0. 13% Native American,1. 05% Asian,0. 05% Pacific Islander,0. 32% from other races, and 0. 91% from two or more races
12.
Bucyrus, Ohio
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Bucyrus is a city in the U. S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Crawford County, located in northern Ohio approximately 28 miles west of Mansfield. The population was 12,362 at the 2010 census, the city is the largest in Crawford County, and the center of the Bucyrus Micropolitan Statistical Area. The origin of the name Bucyrus is not certain and it was given by Col. James Kilbourne, who laid out the town in 1822. One theory is that the name Bucyrus is derived from beautiful coupled with the name of Cyrus the Great, an alternate theory is that the city was named after Busiris, a city of ancient Egypt. The Bucyrus Foundry and Manufacturing Company, a predecessor to Bucyrus International, the company moved to Wisconsin in 1893. Bucyrus was once home to the Dostal Brothers Brewery, founded in 1902, the brewery was run by John M. and George A. Dostal. The Lincoln Highway, later US Route 30, was routed through the city along Mansfield Street in 1913, on March 10,2007, Bucyrus was featured as the town of the week on the nationally syndicated Public Radio International program, WhadYa Know. Bucyrus is located at 40°48′22″N 82°58′23″W, along the Sandusky River, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 7.43 square miles, of which 7.42 square miles is land and 0.01 square miles is water. Bucyrus is located 60 minutes north of Columbus, Ohio and 60 minutes south of Lake Erie, as of the census of 2010, there were 12,362 people,5,320 households, and 3,219 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,666.0 inhabitants per square mile, there were 5,983 housing units at an average density of 806.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 3% White,1. 1% African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 7% Asian,0. 5% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 6% of the population. 34. 3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.85. The median age in the city was 41.1 years. 22% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24,24. 5% were from 25 to 44,27. 3% were from 45 to 64, and 18. 2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47. 8% male and 52. 2% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 13,224 people,5,559 households, and 3,552 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,812.0 people per square mile, there were 5,955 housing units at an average density of 816.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 97. 38% White,0. 78% African American,0. 27% Native American,0. 51% Asian,0. 02% Pacific Islander,0. 26% from other races, and 0. 78% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 98% of the population,30. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
Richland County, Ohio
