1.
Capital Region of Denmark
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At the same time, smaller municipalities were merged into larger units, cutting the number of municipalities from 271 before 1 January 2006, when Ærø Municipality was created, to 98. The reform was implemented on January 1,2007, the main task for the Danish regions are hospitals and healthcare. So its not to be confused with Copenhagen Metropolitan Area nor with the Øresund Region, the Capital Region of Denmark consists of the municipalities of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg, the former counties of Copenhagen and Frederiksborg, and the regional municipality of Bornholm. In Danish the name is Region Hovedstaden, which is one of five regions in Denmark, before 2007, a Danish Capital Region, did exist, but it did not cover exactly the same area and did not have the same legal function. The primary function of Capital Region of Denmark, as all the regions of Denmark, is to own. Note that the region is not a district in the US or Australian meaning of the term. The region does not include the Ertholmene archipelago which are situated to the northeast of Bornholm, the following hospitals sort under Capital Region of Denmark. Hans Hospital in Roskilde There are 29 municipalities in the Capital Region of Denmark, Regions of Denmark North Zealand Media related to Region Hovedstaden at Wikimedia Commons
2.
Copenhagen
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Copenhagen, Danish, København, Latin, Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark. Copenhagen has an population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants, the city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand, another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road, originally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a centre of power with its institutions, defences. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century and this included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing, since the turn of the 21st century, Copenhagen has seen strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investment in its institutions and infrastructure. The city is the cultural, economic and governmental centre of Denmark, Copenhagens economy has seen rapid developments in the service sector, especially through initiatives in information technology, pharmaceuticals and clean technology. Since the completion of the Øresund Bridge, Copenhagen has become integrated with the Swedish province of Scania and its largest city, Malmö. With a number of connecting the various districts, the cityscape is characterized by parks, promenades. Copenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark, the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1479, is the oldest university in Denmark. Copenhagen is home to the FC København and Brøndby football clubs, the annual Copenhagen Marathon was established in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world, the Copenhagen Metro serves central Copenhagen while the Copenhagen S-train network connects central Copenhagen to its outlying boroughs. Serving roughly 2 million passengers a month, Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, is the largest airport in the Nordic countries, the name of the city reflects its origin as a harbour and a place of commerce. The original designation, from which the contemporary Danish name derives, was Køpmannæhafn, meaning merchants harbour, the literal English translation would be Chapmans haven. The English name for the city was adapted from its Low German name, the abbreviations Kbh. or Kbhvn are often used in Danish for København, and kbh. for københavnsk. The chemical element hafnium is named for Copenhagen, where it was discovered, the bacterium Hafnia is also named after Copenhagen, Vagn Møller of the State Serum Institute in Copenhagen named it in 1954. Excavations in Pilestræde have also led to the discovery of a well from the late 12th century, the remains of an ancient church, with graves dating to the 11th century, have been unearthed near where Strøget meets Rådhuspladsen
3.
Denmark
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The term Danish Realm refers to the relationship between Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland—three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark. The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a sovereign state. The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 when the Kalmar Union was ratified, legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution. Beginning in 1953, state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm, a less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is the Commonwealth of the Realm. In 1978, The Unity of The Realm was for the first time referred to as rigsfællesskabet. The name caught on and since the 1990s, both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet in daily parlance. The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government, the Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979. In 2005, the Faroes received a self-government arrangement, and in 2009 Greenland received self rule, the Danish Realms unique state of internal affairs is acted out in the principle of The Unity of the Realm. This principle is derived from Article 1 of the Danish Constitution which specifies that constitutional law applies equally to all areas of the Danish Realm, the Constitutional Act specifies that sovereignty is to continue to be exclusively with the authorities of the Realm. The language of Denmark is Danish, and the Danish state authorities are based in Denmark, the Kingdom of Denmarks parliament, with its 179 members, is located in the capital, Copenhagen. Two of the members are elected in each of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Government ministries are located in Copenhagen, as is the highest court, in principle, the Danish Realm constitutes a unified sovereign state, with equal status between its constituent parts. Devolution differs from federalism in that the powers of the subnational authority ultimately reside in central government. The Self-Government Arrangements devolves political competence and responsibility from the Danish political authorities to the Faroese, the Faroese and Greenlandic authorities administer the tasks taken over from the state, enact legislation in these specific fields and have the economic responsibility for solving these tasks. The Danish government provides a grant to the Faroese and the Greenlandic authorities to cover the costs of these devolved areas. The 1948 Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands sets out the terms of Faroese home rule, the Act states. the Faroe Islands shall constitute a self-governing community within the State of Denmark. It establishes the government of the Faroe Islands and the Faroese parliament. The Faroe Islands were previously administered as a Danish county, the Home Rule Act abolished the post of Amtmand and these powers were expanded in a 2005 Act, which named the Faroese home government as an equal partner with the Danish government
4.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
5.
Hospital
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A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment. The best-known type of hospital is the hospital, which typically has an emergency department to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire. A district hospital typically is the health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care. Specialised hospitals can help reduce health care costs compared to general hospitals, a teaching hospital combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and nurses. The medical facility smaller than a hospital is called a clinic. Hospitals have a range of departments and specialist units such as cardiology, some hospitals have outpatient departments and some have chronic treatment units. Common support units include a pharmacy, pathology, and radiology, Hospitals are usually funded by the public sector, by health organisations, by health insurance companies, or by charities, including direct charitable donations. Historically, hospitals were founded and funded by religious orders, or by charitable individuals. During the Middle Ages, hospitals served different functions from modern institutions, Middle Ages hospitals were almshouses for the poor, hostels for pilgrims, or hospital schools. The word hospital comes from the Latin hospes, signifying a stranger or foreigner, another noun derived from this, hospitium came to signify hospitality, that is the relation between guest and shelterer, hospitality, friendliness, and hospitable reception. By metonymy the Latin word then came to mean a guest-chamber, guests lodging, hospes is thus the root for the English words host hospitality, hospice, hostel and hotel. The German word Spital shares similar roots, the grammar of the word differs slightly depending on the dialect. Some patients go to a hospital just for diagnosis, treatment, or therapy and then leave without staying overnight, while others are admitted and stay overnight or for several days or weeks or months. Hospitals usually are distinguished from other types of facilities by their ability to admit and care for inpatients whilst the others. Larger cities may have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities, some hospitals, especially in the United States and Canada, have their own ambulance service. A district hospital typically is the health care facility in its region, with large numbers of beds for intensive care. In California, district hospital refers specifically to a class of healthcare facility created shortly after World War II to address a shortage of beds in many local communities. Twenty-eight of Californias rural hospitals and 20 of its critical-access hospitals are District hospitals, Californias District hospitals are formed by local municipalities, have Boards that are individually elected by their local communities, and exist to serve local needs
6.
Public hospital
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A public hospital or government hospital is a hospital which is owned by a government and receives government funding. In some countries, this type of hospital provides medical care free of charge, in Australia, public hospitals are operated and funded by each individual states health department. The federal government also contributes funding, Services in public hospitals for all Australian citizens and permanent residents are fully subsidized by the federal governments Medicare Universal Healthcare program. Hospitals in Australia treat all Australian citizens and permanent residents regardless of their age, income, emergency Departments are almost exclusively found in public hospitals. Private hospitals rarely operate emergency departments, and patients treated at these facilities are billed for care. Some costs, however may qualify for billing under Medicare, where patients hold private health insurance, after initial treatment by a public hospitals emergency department, the patient has the option of being transferred to a private hospital. The Brazilian health system is a mix composed by public hospitals, non-profit philanthropic hospitals, the majority of low- and-medium income population uses services provided by a public hospitals run by either State or by the municipality. Since the inception of 1988 Federal Constitution, health care is a right for everyone living in Brazil, citizens, permanent residents. Also, hospitals and health clinics are built by government in all three levels, because of the limitation in the budget, those services are often unavailable in most part of the country, in exception in large metropolis like São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte. Even in those metropolis, the access to some health care may take months if not completely ignored. However, patients sued the government were able to get their treatment covered by the SUS. Recently, new legislation mandate that no private hospitals should refuse accept poor or uninsured patients in case of life threat emergencies, cost of emergency care in this case is also paid by SUS. In Canada all hospitals are funded through Medicare, Canadas publicly funded health insurance system. Hospitals in Canada treat all Canadian citizens and permanent residents regardless of their age, income, in Norway, all public hospitals are funded from the national budget and run by four Regional Health Authorities owned by the Ministry of Health and Care Services. In addition to the hospitals, a few privately owned health clinics are operating. All citizens are eligible for treatment free of charge in the hospital system. According to The Patients Rights Act, all citizens have the right to Free Hospital Choices, south Africa has private and public hospitals. Public hospitals are funded by the Department of Health, the majority of the patients use public hospitals in which patients pay a nominal fee, roughly $3–5
7.
University
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A university is an institution of higher education and research which grants academic degrees in various academic disciplines. Universities typically provide undergraduate education and postgraduate education, the word university is derived from the Latin universitas magistrorum et scholarium, which roughly means community of teachers and scholars. Universities were created in Italy and evolved from Cathedral schools for the clergy during the High Middle Ages, the original Latin word universitas refers in general to a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc. Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members, an important idea in the definition of a university is the notion of academic freedom. The first documentary evidence of this comes from early in the life of the first university, the University of Bologna adopted an academic charter, the Constitutio Habita, in 1158 or 1155, which guaranteed the right of a traveling scholar to unhindered passage in the interests of education. Today this is claimed as the origin of academic freedom and this is now widely recognised internationally - on 18 September 1988,430 university rectors signed the Magna Charta Universitatum, marking the 900th anniversary of Bolognas foundation. The number of universities signing the Magna Charta Universitatum continues to grow, the university is generally regarded as a formal institution that has its origin in the Medieval Christian setting. The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and it is possible, however, that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception. Later they were founded by Kings or municipal administrations. In the early period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries, the first universities in Europe with a form of corporate/guild structure were the University of Bologna, the University of Paris, and the University of Oxford. The students had all the power … and dominated the masters, princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts. The rediscovery of Aristotles works–more than 3000 pages of it would eventually be translated–fuelled a spirit of inquiry into natural processes that had begun to emerge in the 12th century. Some scholars believe that these represented one of the most important document discoveries in Western intellectual history. Richard Dales, for instance, calls the discovery of Aristotles works a turning point in the history of Western thought and this became the primary mission of lecturers, and the expectation of students. The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics, while Hippocrates, Galen, outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter
8.
University of Copenhagen
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The University of Copenhagen is the oldest university and research institution in Denmark. Founded in 1479 as a studium generale, it is the second oldest institution for education in Scandinavia after Uppsala University. The university has 23,473 undergraduate students,17,398 postgraduate students,2,968 doctoral students, the university has four campuses located in and around Copenhagen, with the headquarters located in central Copenhagen. Most courses are taught in Danish, however, many courses are offered in English. The university has several thousands of students, about half of whom come from Nordic countries. The university has had 8 alumni become Nobel laureates and has produced one Turing Award recipient, the rector, the prorector and the director of the university is appointed by the university board. The rector in turn appoints directors of the different parts of the central administration, the deans appoint heads of 50 departments. There is no faculty senate and faculty is not involved in the appointment of rector, deans, hence the university has no faculty governance, although there are elected Academic Boards at faculty level who advise the deans. The governing body manages a budget of about BDKK8.3. The University is organized into six faculties and about 100 departments, the University employs about 5,600 academic staff and 4,400 technical and administrative staff. The total number of enrolled students is about 40,000 annually, UCPH has established an international graduate talent program which provides grants for international Ph. D, students and a tenure track carrier system. UCPH operates about fifty master’s programmes taught in English, and has arranged about 150 exchange agreements with institutions and 800 Erasmus agreements. Each year there are about 1,700 incoming exchange students,2,000 outbound exchange students and 4,000 international degree-seeking students, about 3,000 Ph. D. students study there each year. South Campus – houses the Faculty of Humanities and a proportion of the Faculty of Science. In the winter of 2016–2017, the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Theology will also move to South Campus, frederiksberg Campus – home to sections of the Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences. The Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and the Faculty of Science also use the Taastrup Campus, the Faculty of Science also has facilities in Helsingør, Hørsholm and Nødebo. The University of Copenhagen was founded in 1479 and is the oldest university in Denmark, between the closing of the Studium Generale in Lund in 1536 and the establishment of the University of Aarhus in the late 1920s, it was the only university in Denmark. The university became a centre of Roman Catholic theological learning, but also had faculties for the study of law, medicine, between 1675 and 1788, the university introduced the concept of degree examinations
9.
Emergency department
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The emergency department is usually found in a hospital or other primary care center. In some countries, emergency departments have become important entry points for those without means of access to medical care. The emergency departments of most hospitals operate 24 hours a day, griswold also equipped police and fire vehicles with medical supplies and trained officers to give emergency care while en route to the hospital. Today, a hospital has its emergency department in its own section of the ground floor of the grounds. As patients can present at any time and with any complaint, triage is normally the first stage the patient passes through, and consists of a brief assessment, including a set of vital signs, and the assignment of a chief complaint. Most emergency departments have an area for this process to take place. Most patients will be assessed at triage and then passed to another area of the department, or another area of the hospital. Conversely, patients with serious conditions, such as cardiac arrest, will bypass triage altogether. The resuscitation area, commonly referred to as Trauma or Resus, is a key area in most departments, the most seriously ill or injured patients will be dealt with in this area, as it contains the equipment and staff required for dealing with immediately life-threatening illnesses and injuries. Typical resuscitation staffing involves at least one attending physician, and at least one and these personnel may be assigned to the resuscitation area for the entirety of the shift, or may be on call for resuscitation coverage. Examples of majors include chest pain, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain, Advanced diagnostic testing may be conducted at this stage, including laboratory testing of blood and/or urine, ultrasonography, CT or MRI scanning. Medications appropriate to manage the condition will also be given. Depending on underlying causes of the chief complaint, he or she may be discharged home from this area or admitted to the hospital for further treatment. Patients whose condition is not immediately life-threatening will be sent to an area suitable to deal with them, such patients may still have been found to have significant problems, including fractures, dislocations, and lacerations requiring suturing. Children can present particular challenges in treatment, many hospitals have a separate area for evaluation of psychiatric problems. These are often staffed by psychiatrists and mental health nurses and social workers, there is typically at least one room for people who are actively a risk to themselves or others. Fast decisions on life-and-death cases are critical in emergency rooms. As a result, doctors face great pressures to overtest and overtreat, other common variations include emergency ward, emergency centre or emergency unit
10.
Helipad
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A helipad is a landing area or platform for helicopters and powered lift aircraft. Larger helipads, intended for use by helicopters and other vertical take-off and landing aircraft, an example is Vertiport Chicago, which opened in 2015. Helipads may be located at a heliport or airport where fuel, air traffic control, some basic helipads are built on highrise buildings for evacuation in case of a major fire outbreak. Major police departments may use a dedicated helipad at heliports as a base for police helicopters, large ships and oil platforms usually have a helipad on board for emergency use. In such a case, the term helideck or helodeck has been used in the meaning of a helipad on board. In urban environments, these heliports are typically located on the roof of the hospital, rooftop helipads sometimes display a large two-digit number, representing the weight limit of the pad. In addition, a number may be present, representing the maximum rotor diameter in feet. Location identifiers are often, but not always, issued for helipads and they may be issued by the appropriate aviation authority. Some helipads may have location identifiers from multiple sources, and these identifiers may be of different format, helipads are usually constructed out of concrete and are marked with a circle and/or a letter H, so as to be visible from the air. However, they are not always constructed out of concrete, sometimes wildfire fighters will construct a temporary helipad out of timbers to receive supplies in remote areas, rig mats may be used to build helipads. Landing pads may also be constructed in extreme conditions such as on ice, the worlds highest helipad, built by India, is located on the Siachen Glacier at a height of 21,000 feet above sea level. The worlds largest heliport is in Morgan City, Louisiana, and has a total of 46 helipads, used mostly to support offshore oil platforms in the Gulf of Mexico. A portable helipad is a structure with a rugged frame that can be used to land helicopters in any areas with slopes of up to 30 degrees, such as hillsides, riverbeds. Portable helipads can be transported by helicopter or powered-lift to place them where a VTOL needs to land, helicopter deck Heliport de Voogt, A. J
11.
Panum Building
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The Panum Building is a large building complex that is part of the University of Copenhagens North Campus in Copenhagen, Denmark. It houses the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and this includes the Dental School and the former Faculty of Medicine as well as The School of Oral Health Care and The School for Dental Technicians. The Panum Building has many facilities including a library, two canteens, lecture theatres, offices, student clubs and a bookshop, the Panum Building also houses the largest dental clinic in Denmark with approximately 230 treatment chairs. The building was named after Danish physiologist Peter Ludvig Panum, the Panum Building was built from 1971–1986 by the architects Eva and Nils Koppel, Gert Edstrand, Poul Erik Thyrring and reflects Brutalism. The outside areas were designed by landscape architects Edith and Ole Nørgård, the artistic decoration and color schemes – e. g. the characteristic chimneys – were envisioned by Tonning Rasmussen. In parts of the basement, there are made by Poul Gernes. The Panum complex was first taken into use in 1975, the School of Oral Health Care moved to Panum in 1986. In 2012, construction began on an extension of Panum, called the Maersk Tower, the tower was inaugurated on January 18,2017. The Panum complex grew from 105000 square meters to 140000 square meters, the approximately 42700 new square meters are primarily dedicated to research and educational activities, canteen and bicycle parking facilities. On the top floor of the Maersk Tower, there is access to an observation platform
12.
The unity of the Realm
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The term Danish Realm refers to the relationship between Denmark proper, the Faroe Islands and Greenland—three countries constituting the Kingdom of Denmark. The legal nature of the Kingdom of Denmark is fundamentally one of a sovereign state. The Faroe Islands and Greenland have been part of the Crown of Denmark since 1397 when the Kalmar Union was ratified, legal matters in The Danish Realm are subject to the Danish Constitution. Beginning in 1953, state law issues within The Danish Realm has been governed by The Unity of the Realm, a less formal name for The Unity of the Realm is the Commonwealth of the Realm. In 1978, The Unity of The Realm was for the first time referred to as rigsfællesskabet. The name caught on and since the 1990s, both The Unity of The Realm and The Danish Realm itself has increasingly been referred to as simply rigsfællesskabet in daily parlance. The Danish Constitution stipulates that the foreign and security interests for all parts of the Danish Realm are the responsibility of the Danish government, the Faroes received home rule in 1948 and Greenland did so in 1979. In 2005, the Faroes received a self-government arrangement, and in 2009 Greenland received self rule, the Danish Realms unique state of internal affairs is acted out in the principle of The Unity of the Realm. This principle is derived from Article 1 of the Danish Constitution which specifies that constitutional law applies equally to all areas of the Danish Realm, the Constitutional Act specifies that sovereignty is to continue to be exclusively with the authorities of the Realm. The language of Denmark is Danish, and the Danish state authorities are based in Denmark, the Kingdom of Denmarks parliament, with its 179 members, is located in the capital, Copenhagen. Two of the members are elected in each of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The Government ministries are located in Copenhagen, as is the highest court, in principle, the Danish Realm constitutes a unified sovereign state, with equal status between its constituent parts. Devolution differs from federalism in that the powers of the subnational authority ultimately reside in central government. The Self-Government Arrangements devolves political competence and responsibility from the Danish political authorities to the Faroese, the Faroese and Greenlandic authorities administer the tasks taken over from the state, enact legislation in these specific fields and have the economic responsibility for solving these tasks. The Danish government provides a grant to the Faroese and the Greenlandic authorities to cover the costs of these devolved areas. The 1948 Home Rule Act of the Faroe Islands sets out the terms of Faroese home rule, the Act states. the Faroe Islands shall constitute a self-governing community within the State of Denmark. It establishes the government of the Faroe Islands and the Faroese parliament. The Faroe Islands were previously administered as a Danish county, the Home Rule Act abolished the post of Amtmand and these powers were expanded in a 2005 Act, which named the Faroese home government as an equal partner with the Danish government
13.
Greenland
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Greenland is an autonomous constituent country within the Danish Realm between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe for more than a millennium. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors began migrating from the Canadian mainland in the 13th century, Greenland is the worlds largest island. Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica. With a population of about 56,480, it is the least densely populated country in the world, the Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. Greenland has been inhabited off and on for at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada, Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, and Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th century, soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it Terra do Lavrador. In the early 18th century, Scandinavian explorers reached Greenland again, to strengthen trading and power, Denmark-Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island. Greenland was settled by Vikings more than a thousand years ago, Vikings set sail from Greenland and Iceland, discovering North America nearly 500 years before Columbus reached Caribbean islands. Though under continuous influence of Norway and Norwegians, Greenland was not formally under the Norwegian crown until 1262, the Kingdom of Norway was extensive and a military power until the mid-14th century. Thus, the two kingdoms resources were directed at creating Copenhagen, Norway became the weaker part and lost sovereignty over Greenland in 1814 when the union was dissolved. Greenland became a Danish colony in 1814, and was made a part of the Danish Realm in 1953 under the Constitution of Denmark, in 1973, Greenland joined the European Economic Community with Denmark. However, in a referendum in 1982, a majority of the population voted for Greenland to withdraw from the EEC which was effected in 1985, Greenland contains the worlds largest and most northernly national park, Northeast Greenland National Park. Greenland is divided into four municipalities - Sermersooq, Kujalleq, Qaasuitsup and it also retains control of monetary policy, providing an initial annual subsidy of DKK3.4 billion, which is planned to diminish gradually over time. Greenland expects to grow its economy based on increased income from the extraction of natural resources, the capital, Nuuk, held the 2016 Arctic Winter Games. At 70%, Greenland has one of the highest shares of renewable energy in the world, the early Viking settlers named the island as Greenland. In the Icelandic sagas, the Norwegian-born Icelander Erik the Red was said to be exiled from Iceland for manslaughter, along with his extended family and his thralls, he set out in ships to explore an icy land known to lie to the northwest. After finding an area and settling there, he named it Grœnland
14.
Faroe Islands
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The Faroe Islands, also spelled the Faeroes, is an archipelago between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic, about halfway between Norway and Iceland,320 kilometres north-northwest of Scotland. Its area is about 1,400 square kilometres with a population of 49,188 in 2016, the Faeroe Islands is an autonomous country within the Danish Realm. The land of the Faeroes is rugged, and these islands have an oceanic climate, windy, wet, cloudy. Despite this island groups northerly latitude, temperatures average above freezing throughout the year because of the Gulf Stream, between 1035 and 1814, the Faeroes were part of the Hereditary Kingdom of Norway. In 1814, the Treaty of Kiel granted Denmark control over the islands, the Faroe Islands have been a self-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark since 1948. The Faroese have control of most domestic matters, areas that remain the responsibility of Denmark include military defence, the police department, the justice department, currency, and foreign affairs. However, as they are not part of the customs area as Denmark, the Faroe Islands have an independent trade policy. The islands also have representation in the Nordic Council as members of the Danish delegation, the people of the Faroe Islands also compete as national team in certain sports. In Danish, the name Færøerne may reflect an Old Norse word fær, the morpheme øerne represents a plural of ø in Danish. The Danish name thus translates as the islands of sheep, in Faroese, the name appears as Føroyar. Oyar represents the plural of oy, older Faroese for island, the modern Faeroese word for island is oyggj. In the English language, their name is sometimes spelled Faeroe, archaeological evidence shows settlers living on the Faroe Islands in two successive periods prior to the arrival of the Norse, the first between 400 and 600 and the second between 600 and 800. Scientists from the University of Aberdeen have also found early cereal pollen from domesticated plants, archaeologist Mike Church noted that Dicuil mentioned what may have been the Faroes. He also suggested that the living there might have been from Ireland, Scotland or Scandinavia. A Latin account of a made by Brendan, an Irish monastic saint who lived around 484–578. This association, however, is far from conclusive in its description, Dicuil, an Irish monk of the early 9th century, wrote a more definite account. 800, bringing Old West Norse, which evolved into the modern Faroese language, according to Icelandic sagas such as Færeyjar Saga, one of the best known men in the island was Tróndur í Gøtu, a descendant of Scandinavian chiefs who had settled in Dublin, Ireland. Tróndur led the battle against Sigmund Brestursson, the Norwegian monarchy, a traditional name for the islands in Irish, Na Scigirí, possibly refers to the Skeggjar Beards, a nickname given to island dwellers
15.
Frederiks Hospital
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The royal Frederiks Hospital was Denmarks first hospital in the present-day meaning of the word. It was founded by king Frederik V and financed by the earnings from the Norwegian Postal Service and it opened on March 31,1757 on the birthday of Frederick V. The hospital was run as an independent institution with the purpose of giving free care and cure to patients without means, about two thirds of the patients were treated free of charge. It was at one time the seat of the Fødsels- og Pleiestiftelsen, until 1848 Frederiks Hospital was managed by the Danish Chancellory, from 1848 to 1871 by the Ministry of Justice and from there on by the Ministry of Church and Education. On November 11,1855, the philosopher Søren Kierkegaard died here, the hospital was closed in 1910 with the founding of Rigshospitalet. The building was remodelled in the 1920s to house the Danish Museum of Decorative Art, illustreret Veiviser og Beskrivelse over Byen og Omegnen, p. 104-,1857
16.
Lars von Trier
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Lars von Trier is a Danish film director and screenwriter. He has a prolific and controversial career spanning almost four decades and his work is known for its genre and technical innovation, confrontational examination of existential, social, and political issues, and treatment of subjects like mercy, sacrifice and mental health. His political and humanitarian work was honored in 2004 with the Cinema for Peace awareness award. Among more than 100 awards and over 200 nominations in festivals worldwide, he has received the Palme dOr, the Grand Prix, the Prix du Jury, in March 2017, Trier began filming The House that Jack Built, an English-language serial killer thriller. Trier was born in Kongens Lyngby, north of Copenhagen, the son of Inger Høst and he received his surname from Høsts husband Ulf Trier, whom he considered his biological father until 1989. The director would later become famous for his honesty to journalists about his family and upbringing, as well as the impact it had on his identity, beliefs. Trier studied film theory at the University of Copenhagen and film direction at the National Film School of Denmark. In 1984, The Element of Crime, Triers breakthrough film, received awards in seven international festivals including the Technical Grand Prize at Cannes. His next film, Epidemic, was shown at Cannes in the Un Certain Regard section. Trier has occasionally referred to his films as falling into thematic and stylistic trilogies and this pattern began with The Element of Crime, the first of the Europa trilogy, which illuminated the traumas of Europe both in the past and the future. It includes The Element of Crime, Epidemic and Europa, Von Trier directed Medea for television, which won him the Jean dArcy prize in France. It is based on a screenplay by Carl Th. Dreyer, Trier completed the Europa trilogy in 1991 with Europa, which won the Prix du Jury at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival and picked up awards at other major festivals. In 1990 he also directed the video for Bakerman by Laid Back. This video was reused in 2006 by the English DJ and artist Shaun Baker in a remake of Bakerman, seeking both financial independence and total creative control over their projects, von Trier and producer Peter Aalbæk Jensen founded the film production company Zentropa Entertainment in 1992. Named after a railway company in Europa, their most recent film at the time, Zentropa has produced many movies other than Triers own. It has also produced hardcore sex films, Constance, Pink Prison, HotMen CoolBoyz, in 1995, von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg presented their manifesto for a new cinematic movement, which they called Dogme 95. The Dogme 95 concept, which led to international interest in Danish film, in 2008, together with their fellow Dogme directors Kristian Levring and Søren Kragh-Jacobsen, von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg received the European Film Award European Achievement in World Cinema. In 1996, von Trier conducted an unusual experiment in Copenhagen involving 53 actors
17.
The Kingdom (miniseries)
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The Kingdom is an eight-episode Danish television mini-series, created by Lars von Trier in 1994, and co-directed by Lars von Trier and Morten Arnfred. It has been edited together into a film for distribution in the United Kingdom. The series is set in the ward of Copenhagens Rigshospitalet. Riget means the realm or the kingdom and leads one to think of dødsriget, the show follows a number of characters, both staff and patients, as they encounter bizarre phenomena, both human and supernatural. The first quartet of episodes ended with numerous questions unanswered, and in 1997 and this second series ended with even more questions unanswered than the first, and a third series was planned. However, due to the death in 1998 of Ernst-Hugo Järegård and the subsequent death of Kirsten Rolffes in 2000, von Trier actually wrote the third and final season, but the production was not picked up by DR. At that point, five regular cast members had died and it seemed impossible to continue the series, the abandoned scripts were sent to the producers of Stephen Kings Kingdom Hospital, but it is unclear whether they used the scripts or not. Despite being a mini-series, it appears as one of the 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die, the show begins with the admission of a spiritualist patient, Sigrid Drusse, who hears the sound of a girl crying in the elevator shaft. Upon investigation, Drusse discovers that the girl had died decades earlier, in order to put the spirit to rest, Drusse searches for the girls body, ultimately finding it preserved in a specimen jar in the office of the hospitals professor of pathology, professor Bondo. Pathologist Dr. Bondo attempts to convince the family of a man dying from cancer to donate his liver to the hospital for his research. When his request is denied, Bondo has the cancerous liver transplanted into his own body, so that the cancer will become his personal property and can be kept within the hospital. In every episode, two dishwashers in the cellar discuss the happenings at Riget, and Stig Helmer stands on the roof and screams his famous catchphrase. American horror writer Stephen King developed a thirteen-episode mini-series based on Riget, under the title Stephen Kings Kingdom Hospital, which was broadcast in 2004. The plot retained many of the elements of Riget, transferring the location of the hospital to Lewiston, Maine, many of the characters derived their names from the Danish original. A significant difference in the American series was the introduction of the character of a giant anteater in the role of spirit guide/death/Anubis/Antubis
18.
Stephen King
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Stephen Edwin King is an American author of horror, supernatural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy. His books have more than 350 million copies, many of which have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television shows. King has published 54 novels, including seven under the pen name Richard Bachman and he has written nearly 200 short stories, most of which have been collected in book collections. Many of his stories are set in his state of Maine. His novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption was the basis for the movie The Shawshank Redemption which is regarded as one of the greatest films of all time. King has received Bram Stoker Awards, World Fantasy Awards, and his novella The Way Station was a Nebula Award novelette nominee. In 2003, the National Book Foundation awarded him the Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters and his short story The Man in the Black Suit received the O. Henry Award. In 2015, King was awarded with a National Medal of Arts from the United States National Endowment for the Arts for his contributions to literature, King was born September 21,1947, in Portland, Maine. His father, Donald Edwin King, was born circa 1913 in Peru, Indiana, when Donald was born, his surname was Pollock, but as an adult, he used the surname King. Kings mother, Nellie Ruth, was born in Scarborough, Maine, Donald and Nellie were married July 23,1939, in Cumberland County, Maine. The family moved to De Pere, Wisconsin, Fort Wayne, Indiana, when King was 11, the family returned to Durham, Maine, where his mother cared for her parents until their deaths. She then became a caregiver in a residential facility for the mentally challenged. King was raised Methodist and remains religious as an adult, as a child, King apparently witnessed one of his friends being struck and killed by a train, though he has no memory of the event. His family told him that leaving home to play with the boy, King returned, speechless. Only later did the family learn of the friends death, some commentators have suggested that this event may have psychologically inspired some of Kings darker works, but King makes no mention of it in his memoir On Writing. King related in detail his primary inspiration for writing fiction in his non-fiction Danse Macabre. King compares his uncles successfully dowsing for water using the bough of a branch with the sudden realization of what he wanted to do for a living. King told Barnes & Noble Studios during a 2009 interview, I knew that Id found home when I read that book, King attended Durham Elementary School and graduated from Lisbon Falls High School, in Lisbon Falls, Maine
19.
Kingdom Hospital
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Kingdom Hospital is a thirteen-episode television series based on Lars von Triers The Kingdom, which was developed by horror writer Stephen King in 2004 for American television. While initially conceived as a mini-series, it was changed into a regular television series. It was first aired on ABC on March 3 and concluded on July 15,2004 after being put on hold during NBA playoffs. The story tells of the fictional Kingdom Hospital located in Lewiston, Maine, previously, a hospital known as the Old Kingdom had been built on the site, but it burned down. The current hospital is known as the New Kingdom, the hospitals turbulent nature seems to reflect its ominous logo, a crimson stylized dagger, predicting what will come. A psychic named Mrs. Druse has checked into the numerous times and is taken by the staff to be a hypochondriac. Andrew McCarthy as Dr. Hook, the surgeon who has made it his lifes work to destroy incompetence among doctors. Bruce Davison as Dr. Stegman, the arrogant, egotistical neurosurgeon who is on the verge of being initiated into the society of Kingdom Hospital. He is given to repetitive bragging of his career in Boston. Meagen Fay as Dr. Brenda Abelson, Stegs only true friend in the hospital, ed Begley, Jr. as Dr. Jesse James, Kingdoms Chief of Staff, and member of the Keepers - the Secret Society, who spends his time initiating Operation, Morning Air. Jamie Harrold as Dr. Elmer Traff, a surgeon whose father is an important man in the hospital. He is smitten with Dr. Massingale and pursues her romantically, sherry Miller as Dr. Lona Massingale, the enigmatic sleep doctor, and love interest of Elmer, despite her determination not to get involved with a child. Allison Hossack as Dr. Christine Draper, Kingdoms friendliest doctor, William Wise as Dr. Louis Traff, the leader of the Keepers, and also an important doctor at Kingdom, its longest serving member. Lena Georgas as Nurse Carrie von Trier, Peters nurse, afraid of blood, brandon Bauer as Abel Lyon, an orderly, with Down Syndrome, who sneaks around Kingdom Hospital with his friend Christa, being a trickster. Both he and Christa have a knack of knowing all the hospitals goings-on. Jennifer Cunningham as Christa Mendelson, Abels partner-in-crime, who also has Down Syndrome, Abel and Christa show a strange affinity for the hospitals mechanical workings. Julian Richings as Otto, the man of Kingdom, who regularly watches the security feeds. Otto is accompanied by Blondi, an intelligent German Shepherd dog, Blondi has on several occasions shown self-consciousness and actual thought capabilities, as an in-joke, he thinks in a German accent
20.
Frederick V of Denmark
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Frederick V was king of Denmark-Norway and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein from 1746 until his death. He was the son of Christian VI of Denmark and Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Frederick was born on 31 March 1723 at Copenhagen Castle. He was the grandson of King Frederick IV of Denmark and the son of Crown Prince Christian, on 12 October 1730, King Frederick IV died and Fredericks father ascended the throne as King Christian VI. Christian VI and Sophia Magdalene were deeply devoted to Pietism, although not unfamiliar with religious sentiments, Frederick grew into a hedonist who enjoyed the pleasures of life such as wine and women. His mother ironically referred to him as Der Dänische Prinz because he occasionally spoke Danish, Fredericks propensity for debauchery accelerated his marriage negotiations. He was married at Altona, Holstein, on 11 December 1743 to Princess Louise of Great Britain, daughter of King George II and they were the parents of six children, but one was stillborn. Meanwhile, Frederick continued to enjoy liaisons with others. During the years 1746-51, the king had a favorite named Madam Hansen who bore him five children, the Norwegian Masonic historian Karl Ludvig Tørrisen Bugge claims that Frederik V as crown prince was included in the Copenhagen Masonic Lodge St. Martin. This was probably third June 1744, and inspired by the Prussian king Frederick the Great who was included in a masonic lodge in his youth. They both had fathers who were opposed to the Masons, but unlike the Prussian king. As an active Freemason, he set up on 24 June 1749 the first Masonic lodge in Norway, on 6 August 1746 – the day before his parentss silver marriage festivities– his father died at Hirschholm Palace, the royal familys summer retreat. Christian VI was interred in Roskilde Cathedral, Frederick and Louise immediately ascended Denmark-Norways throne, being anointed in Frederiksborg Palaces Chapel the following year. The personal influence of Frederick was limited, making him one of absolute rulers who least made for the states strength and these men marked his reign by the progress of commerce and the emerging industry of gunpowder plant and cannon foundry in Frederiksværk, built by Johan Frederik Classen. They also avoided involving Denmark in the European wars of his time, in the same period the Royal Frederiks Hospital and the Royal Orphanage was created, a school intended for poor boys that still exists today, opened in Christianshavn on 1 October 1753. On 29 June 1753 Frederick V created Denmarks first lottery, called the Royal Copenhagen Lottery - a lottery that exists to this day as Klasselotteriet, one of his main tasks was to take care that his dissolute Majesty didnt damage the Royal households reputation with his constant orgies. Frederick purchased what would become known as the Danish West Indies from the Danish West India Company in 1754. Louise died suddenly on 19 December 1751 at Christiansborg Palace, predeceasing her husband by fourteen years and causing great impact on the family and the courts life. She was buried with great pomp at Roskilde Cathedral, at the time of her death, she was pregnant with her sixth child, who also died
21.
Bredgade
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Bredgade is one of the most prominent streets in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is lined with a number of mansions as well as other historic buildings. Many law firms, trade unions, fashion stores and art galleries are based in the street, the street was mainly lined by large gardens with small houses and pavilions. When the course of the Eastern Rampart was changed over the first century, at that point Bredgade was renamed Norgesgade to commemorate the Kings possessions to the north and escape the rural connotations of the old name. When Esplanaden was laid out at its far end in the 1780s, the name Norgesgade never gained popularity and in 1877 the streets official name was finally changed back to Bredgade. Ansgars Cathedral Frederiks Hospital, now the Danish Museum of Art & Design Mash Bredgade on indenforvoldene. dk
22.
Danish Museum of Art & Design
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The Danish Museum of Art & Design is a museum in Copenhagen for Danish and international design and crafts. The exhibition also features a variety of Chinese and German porcelain, the museum houses the biggest library for design in Scandinavia. The museum was founded in 1890 at the initiative of, among others, a purpose-built building designed by Vilhelm Klein and located next to Industriforeningens premises on City Hall Square was completed in 1894 and opened to the public the following year. The exhibitions were housed in galleries, each dedicated to a particular field such as porcelain, faience, silver, furniture, glass. In 1926 the museum moved to its current building, the defunct Fredericks Hospital from 1757, the architects Kaare Klint and Ivar Bentsen had undertaken the necessary alterations and furnishings. The museum is home to the largest library in Scandinavia dedicated to decorative arts, open to the general public, the library is at once a museum library, research library, and Danish central library within its field. Opening hours are Tuesday–Friday from 11–17, the library contains more than 1,000 journals. The latest issues of the 75 journals and magazines which the museum subscribes to can be read in the reading room. The reading room of the library hosts public lectures on design-related topics which draw upon the collections in both the museum and the library, the Danish Design Archive and the Poster Collection are located on the museums first floor. The museum has an auditorium on the first floor seating 120 people. It is rented out for lectures, concerts, receptions and other events, among the events which take place in the auditorium are chamber music concerts with musicians from Copenhagen Philharmonic. Marketed under the name ½12 Concerts, they place on Sundays at 11.30 am
23.
Counties of Denmark
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The Counties of Denmark were former subdivisions of metropolitan Denmark, used primarily for administrative regions, with each county having its own council with substantial powers. Originally there had been twenty-four counties, but the number was reduced to fourteen in 1970 - the number fluctuated slightly over the next three decades. In 2006 there were thirteen traditional counties as well as three municipalities with county status, on January 1,2007, the counties were abolished and replaced by five larger regions. On January 1,2007, these two municipalities lost their special status, greenland and the Faroe Islands are also part of the Danish Realm, but both enjoy internal autonomy. Both are largely self-governing, and each community sends two members to the Danish Parliament, the Faroe Islands obtained self-government in 1948, from 1816 to 1948 the islands had the status of a Danish county. The proposal also required the municipalities to merge reducing them from 271 to 98, with a minimum of 20,000 inhabitants in each municipality, although some exceptions were made to this rule. From 200725 municipalities have fewer than 30,000 inhabitants each, only the United Kingdom and Ireland have more populous entities at the lowest political administrative level. The reform was confirmed by the Danish Parliament on February 24,2005, the fourteen counties + the three first-level municipalities, Note, Ringkjøbing County officially used a different spelling from its capital city, Ringkøbing. Ertholmene east of Bornholm are not and have never been a part of a municipality or county or region, statistics Denmark calls them Christiansø and Frederiksø, named after the two inhabited islets. They are included in numbers for Denmark. Land area of Denmark, around 42394 square kilometers
24.
Air medical services
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Air medical services is a comprehensive term covering the use of air transportation, airplane or helicopter, to move patients to and from healthcare facilities and accident scenes. The use of air transport of patients dates to World War I, helicopters are used to transport patients between hospitals and from trauma scenes, fixed-wing aircraft are used for long-distance transport. The advantages of medical transport by helicopter may include providing a level of care at the scene of trauma. Helicopter-based emergency medical service also provides critical care capabilities during interfacility transport from community hospitals to trauma centers, effective use of helicopter services for trauma depends on the ground responders ability to determine whether the patients condition warrants air medical transport. Protocols and training must be developed to ensure appropriate triage criteria are applied, Crew and patient safety is the single most important factor to be considered when deciding whether to transport a patient by helicopter. Weather, air traffic patterns, and distances must also be considered, another reason for cancelling a flight is based on Flight Crew comfort with the flight. The general rule of safety is upon the crew, when there is one pilot, if one Flight Member is not comfortable with the flight for whatever reason, the flight is cancelled. Some have questioned the safety of air medical services While the number of crashes may be increasing, factors associated with fatal crashes of medical transport helicopters include flying at night and during bad weather, and postcrash fires. Fixed wing aircraft are more often used to move patients over long distances. These and related operations are called aeromedical, in some circumstances, the same aircraft may be used to search for missing or wanted people. Like ground ambulances, air ambulances are equipped with medical equipment vital to monitoring and treating injured or ill patients, common equipment for air ambulances includes medications, ventilators, ECGs and monitoring units, CPR equipment, and stretchers. A medically staffed and equipped air ambulance provides medical care in flight—while a non-medically equipped and staffed aircraft simply transports patients without care in flight, Military organizations and NATO refer to the former as medical evacuation and to the latter as casualty evacuation. Air Traffic Control grants special treatment to air operations, much like a ground ambulance using lights. When this happens, air ambulance aircraft take the call sign MEDEVAC and receive priority handling in the air, as with many Emergency Medical Service innovations, treating patients in flight originated in the military. The concept of using aircraft as ambulances is almost as old as powered flight itself, although balloons were not used to evacuate wounded soldiers at the Siege of Paris in 1870, air evacuation was experimented with during the First World War. The first true Air Ambulance flight was made when a Serbian officer was flown from the battlefield to hospital by a plane of the French Air Service. French records at the time indicated that the mortality rate of the injured was reduced from 60% to just under 10% if they were evacuated by air. The first recorded British ambulance flight took place in 1917 in Turkey when a soldier in the Camel Corps who had shot in the ankle was flown to hospital in a de Havilland DH9 in 45 minutes
25.
Trauma center
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A trauma center is a hospital equipped and staffed to provide care for patients suffering from major traumatic injuries such as falls, motor vehicle collisions, or gunshot wounds. A trauma center may also refer to a department without the presence of specialized services to care for victims of major trauma. Official designation as a center is determined by individual state law provisions. Trauma centers vary in their capabilities and are identified by Level designation, Level-I being the highest. Lower levels of trauma centers may only be able to provide care and stabilization of a traumatic injury. The operation of a center is extremely expensive. Some areas—especially rural regions—are under-served by trauma centers because of this expense, as there is no way to schedule the need for emergency services, patient traffic at trauma centers can vary widely. A variety of methods have developed for dealing with this. A trauma center will often have a helipad for receiving patients that have been airlifted to the hospital, the trauma level certification can directly affect the patients outcome and determine if the patient needs to be transferred to a higher level trauma center. By 1947, the hospital had three teams, each including two surgeons and an anaesthesiologist, and a burns team with three surgeons. The hospital became part of the National Health Service on its formation in July 1948, according to the CDC, injuries are the leading cause of death for American children and adults ages 1–44. The leading causes of trauma are motor vehicle collisions, falls, in the United States, Drs. Robert J. Baker and Robet J. Freeark established the first civilian Shock Trauma Unit at Cook County Hospital in Chicago, IL on March 16,1966. The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center is one of the first shock trauma centers in the world, Cook County Hospital in Chicago trauma center. Dr. David R. Boyd interned at Cook County Hospital from 1963 to 1964 before being drafted into the United States Army. Upon his release from the Army, Dr. Boyd became the first shock-trauma fellow at the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, Boyd returned to Cook County Hospital, where he would later serve as resident director of the Cook County Trauma Unit. In the United States, trauma centers are ranked by the American College of Surgeons, the different levels refer to the types of resources available in a trauma center and the number of patients admitted yearly. These are categories that define national standards for care in hospitals. Level I and Level II designations are also given adult and or pediatric designations, additionally, some states have their own trauma-center rankings separate from the ACS
26.
Mary, Crown Princess of Denmark
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Mary, Crown Princess of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat, R. E. is the wife of Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark. Frederik is the apparent to the throne of Denmark, which means that should Frederik inherit the throne. The couple met at the Slip Inn, a pub in Sydney when the prince was visiting Australia during the 2000 Summer Olympics and her paternal grandfather was Captain Peter Donaldson. Mary was named after her grandmothers, Mary Dalgleish and Elizabeth Gibson Melrose and her mother died on 20 November 1997. In 2001, her married the British author and novelist Susan Horwood. Donaldson was born and raised in Hobart, Australia, during her childhood, she was involved in sports and other extracurricular activities both at school and elsewhere. She studied music – playing piano, flute, and clarinet – and played basketball, in 1974, Donaldson started schooling in Clear Lake City Elementary School in Houston, Texas and moved to Sandy Bay, Tasmania from 1975 to 1977. Her primary education, from 1978 to 1983, was at Waimea Heights with her secondary schooling being at Taroona High School, Donaldson studied at the University of Tasmania from 1990 to 1994, graduating with a combined Bachelor of Commerce and Bachelor of Laws degree on 27 May 1995. The crown princess native language is English and she studied French during her secondary education. In 2002, she worked as an English tutor in Paris. After meeting Frederik at the Slip Inn during the 2000 Olympic Games in Sydney and she worked for Australian and global advertising agencies after graduating in 1995. Upon graduation Mary moved to Melbourne to work in advertising and she became a trainee in marketing and communications with the Melbourne office of DDB Needham, taking a position of account executive. In 1996, Mary was employed by Mojo Partners as an account manager, in 1998, six months after her mothers death, she resigned and travelled to America and Europe. In June 2000, she moved to a smaller Australian agency, however, in the spring of 2000 until December 2001, she became sales director and a member of the management team of Belle Property, a real estate firm specialising in luxury property. Mary Donaldson met Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark at the Slip Inn during the 2000 Summer Olympics on 16 September in Sydney and he was not identified by her friends as the Crown Prince of Denmark until after they met. They conducted a long-distance relationship by phone, email and letter, on 15 November 2001 the Danish weekly magazine Billed Bladet named Mary as Frederiks girlfriend. She then moved from Australia to Denmark in December 2001, while she was working as an English tutor in Paris. On 24 September 2003 the Danish court announced that Queen Margrethe II intended to give her consent to the marriage at the State Council meeting scheduled for 8 October 2003
27.
Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark
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Frederik, Crown Prince of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, RE, SKmd is the heir apparent to the throne of Denmark. Frederik is the son of Queen Margrethe II and Henrik. At the time of his birth, his grandfather was on the throne of Denmark. He was christened on 24 June 1968, at Holmens Kirke and he was named Frederik after his maternal grandfather, King Frederick IX, continuing the Danish royal tradition of the heir apparent being named either Frederick or Christian. His middle names honour his paternal grandfather, André de Laborde de Monpezat, his father, Prince Henrik and he became Crown Prince of Denmark when his mother succeeded to the throne as Margrethe II on 14 January 1972. Frederick attended primary school at Krebs Skole during the years 1974–1981, from 1974–1976 as a pupil at Amalienborg Palace. In the period 1982–1983, he was a boarder at École des Roches in Normandy, in 1986, Frederik graduated from the upper secondary school of Øregaard Gymnasium. In addition he is fluent in French, English, and German, in 1989, began to study for an academic degree, when he began a course in Political Science at Aarhus University. This included a year at Harvard University under the name of Frederik Henriksen and he then took up a position for three months with the Danish UN mission in New York in 1994. In 1995, he obtained his MSc degree in Political Science from Aarhus University and he completed the course in the prescribed number of years with an exam result above average. His final paper was an analysis on the policy of the Baltic States. The prince was posted as First Secretary to the Danish Embassy in Paris from October 1998 to October 1999, Frederick has completed extensive military studies and training in all three services, notably completing education as a sailor in the naval elite special operations forces. In the period 2001 and 2002, he completed training for leaders at the Royal Danish Defence College. Reconnaissance Platoon Commander with the Royal Guard Hussars’ Regiment 1988, First Lieutenant in the Reserve 1989. First Lieutenant in the Reserve 1995, Lieutenant Commander in the Reserve 1997. Royal Danish Air Force Flying School 2000 Captain in the Reserve 2000, Command and General Staff Course, Royal Danish Defence College 2001–2002. Staff Officer, Defence Command Denmark 2002–2003, senior lecturer with the Institute of Strategy at the Royal Danish Defence College, 2003–. Commander, senior grade, lieutenant colonel 2004, the wedding took place on 14 May 2004 at Copenhagen Cathedral, Copenhagen
28.
Prince Christian of Denmark
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Prince Christian of Denmark, Count of Monpezat is the elder son and eldest child of Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary. He is a grandson of Queen Margrethe II and her husband Prince Henrik and he is second in the Danish line of succession, after his father. His sister Isabella is immediately after him in the line of succession, Prince Christian was born at 1,57 am in Rigshospitalet, the Copenhagen University Hospital, in Copenhagen on Saturday,15 October 2005. At noon on the day of his birth 21-gun salutes were fired from the Sixtus Battery at Holmen in Copenhagen, at the same time, public buses and official buildings flew the Danish flag, the Dannebrog. At sunset on the same day beacon bonfires were lit all over Denmark, while Naval Home Guard vessels lit their searchlights, bonfires were also lit in celebration in Australia. Christian was hospitalised briefly on 21 October 2005 because he suffered from jaundice, a usually harmless illness. The first photographs of the then 6-day-old boy showed a yellow tinge to his face, the prince was examined by doctors and underwent blood tests, then spent time in a light box under special coloured light rays to break down the bilirubin substance which causes jaundice. His parents took him again the same day and he made a full recovery. Christian was christened on 21 January 2006 in Christiansborg Palace Chapel by Bishop Erik Norman Svendsen and he was named Christian Valdemar Henri John, continuing the Danish royal tradition of alternating between the names Christian and Frederick in direct line. He received a number of presents on the occasion of his christening, including a pony called Flikflak from the Folketing, Christian is second-in-line to the Danish throne. Prince Christian will likewise presumably be known as King Christian XI of Denmark, the possibility Mary could be expecting a female child motivated Danish politicians to consider the possibility of adopting absolute primogeniture. This change allowed the present Queen to become heir presumptive and eventually inherit the throne, while the Crown Princess was still pregnant with Christian, the Folketing began the lengthy process to change the Danish constitution to allow absolute primogeniture. The birth of a boy removed some urgency from this drive, on 11 September 2006, Per Stig Møller, Denmarks Minister for Foreign Affairs, formally wrote and signed a hand-written document confirming Prince Christians place in the line of succession. The princes full name, his dates of birth and christening, should he succeed to the throne, Prince Christian will become the first monarch of Australian ancestry to hold the throne of any dominion. In 2006 Scandinavian Airlines System was in the process of purchasing new A319 aircraft, Christian was the first member of the Danish Royal Family to attend nursery school. At the same age, the Crown Prince had a nanny at the palace and he is also the first member of the Danish Royal Family to attend a public state school. Christian was the one who opened the elephant house by pressing a button on an interactive console, the elephants were a gift from the King and Queen of Thailand to the Queen and Prince Consort of Denmark on their last visit to Thailand. The elephant house was designed by Norman Foster and Partners, on 19 June 2010, he served as a page boy at the wedding of his fourth cousin and godmother, the Crown Princess of Sweden, to Daniel Westling
29.
Princess Isabella of Denmark
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Princess Isabella of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat, is the second child and elder daughter of Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary. She is the fourth grandchild and oldest granddaughter of Queen Margrethe II and her husband and she was the first girl born into the Danish royal family since the birth of her grandaunt, Queen Anne-Marie of Greece, in 1946. She is third in the line of succession to the Danish throne, after her father and her older brother, Princess Isabella was born at Rigshospitalet, the Copenhagen University Hospital, in Copenhagen, to Crown Prince Frederik and Crown Princess Mary. At noon on 22 April, a 21-gun salute was fired from the Sixtus Battery at Holmen Naval Base in Copenhagen, isabellas christening took place on 1 July 2007, at the chapel of Fredensborg Palace. Her godparents were Queen Mathilde of Belgium, Princess Alexia of Greece and Denmark, Nadine Johnston, Christian Buchwald, Peter Heering, the princesss full name, dates of birth and christening, and the names of her godparents were recorded as dictated by the Royal Law of 1799. On 13 August 2013, Isabella started school at Tranegårdsskolen in Gentofte, Isabella is styled as Her Royal Highness Princess Isabella of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat. She has been Princess of Denmark since birth and Countess of Monpezat since 29 April 2008, official website New Danish princess named Isabella
30.
Prince Vincent of Denmark
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Vincent is fourth in line to the Danish throne, after his father, older brother Prince Christian and older sister, Princess Isabella. Prince Vincent was born at Rigshospitalet, the Copenhagen University Hospital, in Copenhagen, shortly after the birth, while speaking to the press, the Crown Prince joked about calling his newborn son Elvis, as the twins share a birthday with the King of Rock and Roll. At noon on 8 January, a 21-gun salute was fired from the Sixtus Battery at Holmen Naval Base in Copenhagen, Vincent and his sister were christened on 14 April 2011, at the chapel of the Church of Holmen. His name was announced as Vincent Frederik Minik Alexander, in 2009, the Danish constitution was altered, granting absolute primogeniture to the Danish throne, meaning that the eldest child, regardless of gender, takes precedence in the line of succession. Under the old system of primogeniture, Vincent would have displaced his elder sister Isabella in the line of succession, with the new law. Vincent is styled as His Royal Highness Prince Vincent of Denmark, Count of Monpezat
31.
Princess Josephine of Denmark
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She is the twin sister of Prince Vincent of Denmark. Josephine is fifth in line to the Danish throne, after her father and older siblings, Prince Christian, Princess Isabella, Josephine was born at Rigshospitalet, the Copenhagen University Hospital, in Copenhagen, at 10,56 am local time,26 minutes after her twin brother. At noon on 8 January, a 21-gun salute was fired from the Sixtus Battery at Holmen Naval Base in Copenhagen, Josephine and Vincent were christened on 14 April 2011, at the chapel of the Church of Holmen. The Princesss name was announced as Josephine Sophia Ivalo Mathilda and her godparents are Princess Marie of Denmark, Patricia Bailey, Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro, Count Bendt Wedell, Birgitte Handwerk, and Crown Princess Marys Australian friend, Josephine Rechner. Josephine is styled as Her Royal Highness Princess Josephine of Denmark, medals 14 January 2012, Commemorative Ruby Jubilee Medal of Her Majesty The Queen 16 April 2015, Commemorative 75th Birthday Medal of Her Majesty The Queen Official website
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Prince Joachim of Denmark
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Prince Joachim of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, RE, SKmd is the younger son of Queen Margrethe II and Prince Henrik. Joachim is sixth in the line of succession to the Danish throne, following his brother, Crown Prince Frederik. His godparents were his aunt, Princess Benedikte of Denmark, his paternal uncle, Jean Baptiste de Laborde de Monpezat, King Harald V of Norway. Prince Joachim attended school as a pupil from 1974 until 1976 at Amalienborg Palace. In the period 1982–1983 the Prince studied as a boarder at École des Roches in Normandy, in 1986, Prince Joachim graduated from the Øregaard Gymnasium. In 1991–1993, he completed his studies in economics at Den Classenske Agerbrugskole Næsgaard. The Princes first language is Danish, but he also speaks French, English, Prince Joachim began his military education in 1987 as a recruit in the Queens Own Regiment. In 1988 the prince became a sergeant, and a year later, Prince Joachim served as a platoon commander of a tank squadron from 1989 to 1990. In 1990 the Prince gained the rank of first lieutenant of the reserve, after appointment to Major of the reserve in 2005, the Prince remains active in the defence reserve. Countess Alexandra of Frederiksborg subsequently married again and lost the title Princess of Denmark and she continues to live and work in Denmark and the couple share joint custody of their sons. On 3 October 2007 the Danish Royal Court announced that Prince Joachim had become engaged to Marie Cavallier, the wedding took place on 24 May 2008 in Møgeltønder Church – in which the christening of Prince Felix had taken place – near Schackenborg Manor. The wedding date marked the 73rd anniversary of the wedding of Joachims grandparents, King Frederick IX, all children hold the additional style of their father as Count/Countess of Monpezat in France. Joachim is styled as His Royal Highness Prince Joachim of Denmark and he has been Prince of Denmark since birth and Count of Monpezat since 29 April 2008, when Queen Margrethe granted the title to her male-line descendants. He participated in a race, part of the GTC-TC championship, he drove a BMW2002
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Prince Nikolai of Denmark
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Prince Nikolai of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, is a member of the Danish Royal Family. He is the son of Prince Joachim and his first wife, Alexandra. As of 2016, Prince Nikolai is seventh in the line of succession to the Danish throne, at the time of his birth, he was third, after his uncle and father. Prince Nikolai was born at Rigshospitalet, the Copenhagen University Hospital, Prince Nikolai is the oldest grandchild of Queen Margrethe II of Denmark and her husband, Prince Henrik. In addition, the prince is of Chinese descent, as his mother is a great-granddaughter of Mary Ho Li from Guangdong and he was christened in the chapel of the Fredensborg Palace on 6 November 1999 by the royal vicar Christian Thodberg. At the christening the musical work Lys på din vej, composed by Frederik Magle and his godparents are the Crown Prince of Denmark, Nicola Baird, the Earl of Wessex, Peter Steenstrup, and Camilla Flint. After their divorce, Prince Joachim and Alexandra have joint custody of Prince Nikolai, like his father and uncle, Nikolai attended Krebs School in Copenhagen. In 2014, he attended 10th grade at Herlufsholm School at Næstved and is expected to receive his secondary education there as well. Nikolai was confirmed on Saturday,18 May 2013 in Fredensborg Palace Church in the presence of his immediate family and all his godparents. 28 August 1999 —29 April 2008, His Highness Prince Nikolai of Denmark 29 April 2008 — present, His Highness Prince Nikolai of Denmark, Count of Monpezat Official website
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Prince Felix of Denmark
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Prince Felix of Denmark, Count of Monpezat, is the younger son of Prince Joachim and his former wife, Alexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg. As of April 2017, Felix is eighth in the line of succession to the Danish throne, Prince Felix was born at Rigshospitalet the Copenhagen University Hospital in Copenhagen on 22 July 2002. When his father met the following the birth, he joked that the baby could be named anything from Ib to Nebukadnesar. He was christened in Møgeltønder Church in Møgeltønder on 4 October 2002 by the royal vicar Christian Thodberg and his names were revealed to be Felix Henrik Valdemar Christian. His godparents are Martina Bent, and friends of his parents, Count Christian Ahlefeldt-Laurvig, Oscar Davidsen Siesbye, Damian Sibley, at the christening the musical work Dåbens Pagt composed by Frederik Magle, dedicated to Prince Felix, was given its first performance. In addition, the prince is of Chinese descent, as his mother is a great-granddaughter of Mary Ho Li from Guangdong, after their divorce, Prince Joachim and Alexandra have joint custody of Prince Felix and his older brother Prince Nikolai. Felix attended pre-school at the Garnison Church in Copenhagen, and at age six, followed in the footsteps of his father, brother, Felix is styled as His Highness Prince Felix of Denmark, Count of Monpezat. He has been Prince of Denmark since birth and Count of Monpezat since 29 April 2008, when Queen Margrethe granted the title to her male-line descendants
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Princess Athena of Denmark
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Princess Athena of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat, is the youngest child and only daughter of Prince Joachim and Princess Marie of Denmark. As of April 2017, Athena is tenth in the line of succession to the Danish throne, Princess Athena was born in 24 January 2012 at Rigshospitalet the Copenhagen University Hospital in Copenhagen. When her father met the press following her birth, he joked that her name could become anything between Jo and Scheherazade and she has two older half-brothers from her fathers first marriage, Prince Nikolai and Prince Felix, and an older brother, Prince Henrik. At her christening, she was named Athena Marguerite Françoise Marie, after her grandmothers, Athena is styled as Her Highness Princess Athena of Denmark, Countess of Monpezat
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Margrethe II of Denmark
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Margrethe II is the Queen of Denmark. She is also the authority of the Church of Denmark. Born into the House of Glücksburg, a house with origins in Northern Germany, she was the eldest child of Frederick IX of Denmark. She succeeded her father upon his death on 14 January 1972, having had become heir presumptive to her father in 1953, on her accession, Margrethe became the first female monarch of Denmark since Margaret I, ruler of the Scandinavian countries in 1375–1412 during the Kalmar Union. Having been on the Danish throne for 45 years, she is the second longest-reigning Danish monarch after her ancestor Christian IV, in 1967, she married Henri de Laborde de Monpezat, with whom she has two sons, Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim. Princess Margrethe was born 16 April 1940 at Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen as the first child of Crown Prince Frederick, later King Frederick IX and Crown Princess Ingrid and her birth took place just one week after Nazi Germanys invasion of Denmark on 9 April 1940. She was baptised on 14 May in the Church of Holmen in Copenhagen, since her paternal grandfather was also the King of Iceland, she was given an Icelandic name, Þórhildur. When Margrethe was four years old, in 1944, her first sister, Princess Benedikte later married Prince Richard of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and lives some of the time in Germany. Her second sister Princess Anne Marie was born in 1946, anne-Marie later married Constantine II of Greece and now lives in Greece. Margrethe and her sisters grew up in apartments at Frederick VIIIs Palace at Amalienborg in Copenhagen and she spent summer holidays with the royal family in her parents summer residence at Gråsten Palace in Southern Jutland. On 20 April 1947, King Christian X died and Margrethes father ascended the throne as King Frederick IX. At the time of her birth, only males could ascend the throne of Denmark, as she had no brothers, it was assumed that her uncle Prince Knud would one day assume the throne. The process of changing the constitution started in 1947, not long after her father ascended the throne, the popularity of Frederick and his daughters and the more prominent role of women in Danish life started the complicated process of altering the constitution. The law required that the proposal be passed by two successive Parliaments and then by a referendum, which occurred 27 March 1953, Princess Margrethe therefore became heir presumptive. On her eighteenth birthday,16 April 1958, Margrethe was given a seat in the Council of State and she subsequently chaired the meetings of the Council in the absence of the King. Margrethe was educated at the private school N. Zahles School in Copenhagen from which she graduated in 1959 and she is a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London. Queen Margrethe is fluent in Danish, French, English, Swedish and German, Princess Margrethe married a French diplomat, Count Henri de Laborde de Monpezat,10 June 1967, at the Church of Holmen in Copenhagen. Laborde de Monpezat received the style and title of His Royal Highness Prince Henrik of Denmark because of his new position as the spouse of the heir presumptive to the Danish throne, Margrethe gave birth to her first child 26 May 1968
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Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark
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Prince Henrik of Denmark, is the husband of Queen Margrethe II. Henrik married Margrethe at the Naval Church of Copenhagen on 10 June 1967 and became her consort when she succeeded her father, King Frederick IX, the couple have two sons, Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim. On 14 April 2016 Prince Henrik renounced the title of Prince Consort, Henrik was born in Talence, Gironde, France. He spent his first five years in Hanoi, where his father looked after business interests. He returned to Hanoi in 1950, graduating from the French secondary school there in 1952, between 1952 and 1957 he simultaneously studied law and political science at the Sorbonne, Paris, and Chinese and Vietnamese at the École Nationale des Langues Orientales. He also studied in Hong Kong in 1957 and Saigon in 1958, on 10 June 1967 he married Princess Margrethe, the heir presumptive to the Danish throne, at the Naval Church of Copenhagen. At the time of the wedding his name was Danicised to Henrik, before the wedding, the Prince converted to Lutheranism. Princess Josephine, born on 8 January 2011 at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen Prince Joachim, Princess Athena, born on 24 January 2012 at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen. Prince Henriks native language is French, and his language is Danish. He also speaks fluent English, Chinese, and Vietnamese, although he quickly learned Danish after marrying Margrethe, Danes still joke about his grasp of Danish and his thick French accent. In 2002, Henrik left Denmark and went to stay at the couples Château de Caïx in Cahors in southern France. The cause of his departure from Denmark was a New Years Day reception in which his son, Henrik felt pushed aside, degraded and humiliated by being relegated to third place in the royal hierarchy. For many years I have been Denmarks number two, he said, ive been satisfied with that role, but I dont want to be relegated to number three after so many years. Henrik fled Denmark to reflect on his status in the Danish Royal Family, Queen Margrethe flew to France to meet her husband. Henrik stressed that neither his wife nor son were to blame for the incident, the Prince Consort spent three weeks in Caix, and did not appear with his wife as expected at the wedding of Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, and Máxima Zorreguieta. After three weeks, Henrik returned to Denmark, the Queens private secretary Henning Fode commented, The Queen and the Prince Consort have considered this for quite some time, and it has led to the belief that it was the right thing to do. It is a joy for me that his French roots will also be remembered. Although no announcement was made at time, Prince Christian does now include this part of his French grandfathers surnames among his hereditary titles
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American Red Cross
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The American Red Cross, also known as the American National Red Cross, is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education in the United States. It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross, the group was issued a corporate charter by the United States Congress under Title 36 of the United States Code, Section 3001. It is governed by volunteers and supported by community donations, income from health and safety training and products, the group is headquartered in Washington, D. C. In 2016, the Board Chair was Bonnie McElveen-Hunter and the President, ARC was established in Washington, D. C. on May 21,1881, by Clara Barton. Barton organized a meeting on May 12 of that year at the home of Senator Omar D. Conger, fifteen people were present at this first meeting, including Barton, Conger and Representative William Lawrence. The first local chapter was established in 1881 at the English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Dansville at Dansville, jane Delano founded the American Red Cross Nursing Service on January 20,1910. Clara Barton founded the American chapter after learning of the Red Cross in Geneva, in 1869, she went to Europe and became involved in the work of the International Red Cross during the Franco-Prussian War. She determined to bring the organization to America, Barton became President of the American branch of the society, known as the American National Red Cross in May 1881 in Washington. The first chapters opened in upstate New York, where she had connections, ultimately, John D. Rockefeller, Lars Kovala and three others donated money to help create a national headquarters near the White House. Barton led one of the groups first major efforts, a response to the September 4–6,1881 Great Fire of 1881 in the Thumb region of Michigan. Over 5,000 people were left homeless, the next major disaster was the Johnstown Flood, which occurred on May 31,1889. Over 2,209 people died and thousands more were injured in or near Johnstown, Barton was unable to build up a staff she trusted and her fundraising was lackluster. She was forced out in 1904, professional social work experts took control and made the group a model of Progressive Era scientific reform. New leader Mabel Thorp Boardman constantly consulted with government officials, military officers. William Howard Taft was especially influential and they imposed an ethos of managerialism, transforming the agency from Bartons cult of personality to an organizational humanitarianism ready for expansion. ARC is a network of more than 650 chapters and 36 blood service regions. S. military service personnel. ARC is the largest supplier of blood and blood products to more than 3,000 hospitals and assists victims of international disasters, in 2006 the organization had over $6 billion in total revenues. Revenue from blood and blood products alone were over $2 billion, in 2007, U. S. legislation clarified the role for the Board of Governors and that of the senior management in the wake of difficulties following Hurricane Katrina
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Psychiatry
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Psychiatry is the medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. These include various abnormalities related to mood, behaviour, cognition, initial psychiatric assessment of a person typically begins with a case history and mental status examination. Physical examinations and psychological tests may be conducted, on occasion, neuroimaging or other neurophysiological techniques are used. The fifth edition of the DSM was published in 2013, assertive community treatment, community reinforcement, and supported employment. Treatment may be delivered on an inpatient or outpatient basis, depending on the severity of functional impairment or on aspects of the disorder in question. The term psychiatry was first coined by the German physician Johann Christian Reil in 1808, a medical doctor specializing in psychiatry is a psychiatrist. Psychiatry refers to a field of medicine focused specifically on the mind, aiming to study, prevent and it has been described as an intermediary between the world from a social context and the world from the perspective of those who are mentally ill. People who specialize in psychiatry often differ from most other health professionals. The discipline studies the operations of different organs and body systems as classified by the subjective experiences. Psychiatry treats mental disorders, which are divided into three very general categories, mental illnesses, severe learning disabilities, and personality disorders. While the focus of psychiatry has changed little over time, the diagnostic and treatment processes have evolved dramatically, since the late 20th century the field of psychiatry has continued to become more biological and less conceptually isolated from other medical fields. Psychiatrists can therefore counsel patients, prescribe medication, order laboratory tests, order neuroimaging, like other purveyors of professional ethics, the World Psychiatric Association issues an ethical code to govern the conduct of psychiatrists. The psychiatric code of ethics, first set forth through the Declaration of Hawaii in 1977, has expanded through a 1983 Vienna update and, in 1996. The code was revised during the organizations general assembblies in 1999,2002,2005. Discredited psychiatrists who operated outside the norms of medical ethics include Harry Bailey, Donald Ewen Cameron, Samuel A. Cartwright, Henry Cotton, Psychiatric illnesses can be conceptualised in a number of different ways. The biomedical approach examines signs and symptoms and compares them with diagnostic criteria, Mental illness can be assessed, conversely, through a narrative which tries to incorporate symptoms into a meaningful life history and to frame them as responses to external conditions. The notion of a model is often used to underline the multifactorial nature of clinical impairment. In this notion the word model is not used in a scientific way though
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Regions of Denmark
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Denmark, officially the Kingdom of Denmark, is a Scandinavian country in Europe and a sovereign state. The southernmost and smallest of the Nordic countries, it is south-west of Sweden and south of Norway, Denmark also comprises two autonomous constituent countries in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Faroe Islands and Greenland. Denmark has an area of 42,924 square kilometres. The country consists of a peninsula, Jutland, and an archipelago of 443 named islands, with the largest being Zealand, the islands are characterised by flat, arable land and sandy coasts, low elevation and a temperate climate. The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 10th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea, Denmark, Sweden and Norway were ruled together under the Kalmar Union, established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523. Denmark and Norway remained under the monarch until outside forces dissolved the union in 1814. The union with Norway made it possible for Denmark to inherit the Faroe Islands, Iceland, beginning in the 17th century, there were several cessions of territory to Sweden. In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements, Denmark remained neutral during World War I. In April 1940, a German invasion saw brief military skirmishes while the Danish resistance movement was active from 1943 until the German surrender in May 1945, the Constitution of Denmark was signed on 5 June 1849, ending the absolute monarchy which had begun in 1660. It establishes a constitutional monarchy organised as a parliamentary democracy, the government and national parliament are seated in Copenhagen, the nations capital, largest city and main commercial centre. Denmark exercises hegemonic influence in the Danish Realm, devolving powers to handle internal affairs, Home rule was established in the Faroe Islands in 1948, in Greenland home rule was established in 1979 and further autonomy in 2009. Denmark became a member of the European Economic Community in 1973, maintaining certain opt-outs, it retains its own currency, the krone. It is among the members of NATO, the Nordic Council, the OECD, OSCE. The etymology of the word Denmark, and especially the relationship between Danes and Denmark and the unifying of Denmark as a kingdom, is a subject which attracts debate. This is centred primarily on the prefix Dan and whether it refers to the Dani or a historical person Dan and the exact meaning of the -mark ending. Most handbooks derive the first part of the word, and the name of the people, from a word meaning land, related to German Tenne threshing floor. The -mark is believed to mean woodland or borderland, with references to the border forests in south Schleswig. The first recorded use of the word Danmark within Denmark itself is found on the two Jelling stones, which are believed to have been erected by Gorm the Old and Harald Bluetooth
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Psychiatric hospital
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Psychiatric hospitals vary widely in their size and grading. Some hospitals may specialize only in short-term or outpatient therapy for low-risk patients, others may specialize in the temporary or permanent care of residents who, as a result of a psychological disorder, require routine assistance, treatment, or a specialized and controlled environment. Patients are often admitted on a basis, but people whom psychiatrists believe may pose a significant danger to themselves or others may be subject to involuntary commitment. Psychiatric hospitals may also be referred to as psychiatric wards when they are a subunit of a regular hospital, modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from, and eventually replaced the older lunatic asylums. The treatment of inmates in early lunatic asylums was sometimes brutal, a crisis stabilization unit is in effect an emergency room for psychiatry, frequently dealing with suicidal, violent, or otherwise critical individuals. Open units are units that are not as secure as crisis stabilization units. Another type of hospital is medium term, which provides care lasting several weeks. In the United Kingdom, both admissions and medium term care is usually provided on acute admissions wards. Juvenile or adolescent wards are sections of psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric wards set aside for children or adolescents with mental illness, long-term care facilities have the goal of treatment and rehabilitation back into society within a short time-frame. Another institution for the mentally ill is a halfway house. Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from, and eventually replaced the older lunatic asylums, the development of the modern psychiatric hospital is also the story of the rise of organized, institutional psychiatry. It greatly differed from the view in which the insane were viewed as under the influence of the Devil therefore needing to be isolated from society. The first psychiatric hospital was built by the Muslims in Baghdad in 705 AD, others would rapidly follow, with some of the more famous ones being built in Cairo in 800 AD and in Damascus in 1270 AD. The physicians of the Islamic world would invent and use a variety of treatments, including occupational therapy, music therapy, as well as medication. Western Europe would adopt these views later on with the advances of physicians like Philippe Pinel at the Bicêtre Hospital in France and they advocated the viewing of mental illness as a disorder that required compassionate treatment that would aid in the rehabilitation of the victim. The arrival in the Western world of institutionalisation as a solution to the problem of madness was very much an event of the nineteenth century, nine counties first applied, the first public asylum opening in 1812 in Nottinghamshire. In 1828, the newly appointed Commissioners in Lunacy were empowered to license and supervise private asylums, the Lunacy Act 1845 made the construction of asylums in every country compulsory with regular inspections on behalf of the Home Secretary. The Act required asylums to have written regulations and to have a resident physician, at the beginning of the nineteenth century there were a few thousand sick people housed in a variety of disparate institutions throughout England, but by 1900 that figure had grown to about 100,000
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