A ring chromosome is an aberrant chromosome whose ends have fused together to form a ring. Early observations of ring chromosomes were made during the development of cytogenetics in the early 20th cen
Representative karyotype from a well differentiated transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The chromosome indicated by "mar" represents unidentified marker, "r" represents ring chromosome. Arrowheads indicate breakpoints. Also evident are monosomy 9, 18, and X and trisomy 7.