Saturn has the most extensive and complex ring system of any planet in the Solar System. The rings consist of particles in orbit around the planet, ranging from micrometers to meters in size, and are
The full set of rings, imaged on 19 July 2013, as Saturn eclipses the Sun from the vantage of the Cassini orbiter, which is 1.2 million kilometres (0.75 million miles) from Saturn. Earth appears as a dot at 5 o'clock, between the G and E rings – with its brightness artificially exaggerated in this photograph.
Huygens' ring hypothesis in Systema Saturnium (1659)
Simulated image using color to present radio-occultation-derived particle size data. The attenuation of 0.94-, 3.6-, and 13-cm signals sent by Cassini through the rings to Earth shows abundance of particles of sizes similar to or larger than those wavelengths. Purple (B, inner A Ring) means few particles are < 5 cm (all signals similarly attenuated). Green and blue (C, outer A Ring) mean particles < 5 cm and < 1 cm, respectively, are common. White areas (B Ring) are too dense to transmit adequate signal. Other evidence shows rings A to C have a broad range of particle sizes, up to m across.
Cassini space probe view of the unilluminated side of Saturn's rings (October 10, 2013).
Enceladus is the sixth-largest moon of Saturn and the 18th largest in the Solar System. It is about 500 kilometres in diameter, about a tenth of that of Saturn's largest moon, Titan. It is covered by
Rings of Saturn
…disintegration of water molecules, though in this case the disintegration is done by energetic ions that bombard water molecules ejected by Saturn's moon Enceladus. This atmosphere, despite being extremely sparse, was detected from Earth by the Hubble Space Telescope. In 1980, Voyager 1 made a fly-by of Saturn…
Enceladus imaged by the Cassini orbiter, October 2015
William Herschel, discoverer of Enceladus
Enceladus is Saturn's second smallest moon. It is about one-tenth the diameter then Titan, Saturn's largest moon.
Enceladus orbiting within Saturn's E ring