1.
Spanish naming customs
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Spanish naming customs are historical traditions for naming children practised in Spain. According to these customs, a persons name consists of a name followed by two family names. The first surname is usually the fathers first surname, and the second the mothers first surname, in recent years, the order of the surnames can be reversed at birth if it is so decided by the parents. Currently in Spain, people bear a single or composite given name, a composite given name comprises two single names, for example Juan Pablo is considered not to be a first and a second forename, but a single composite forename. The two surnames refer to each of the parental families, traditionally, a persons first surname is the fathers first surname, and the second one is the mothers first surname. From 2013, if the parents of a child are unable to agree on order of surnames, the law also grants a person the option, upon reaching adulthood, of reversing the order of their surnames. Each surname can also be composite, the parts usually linked by the y or e. For example, a name might be Juan Pablo Fernández de Calderón García-Iglesias, consisting of a forename, a paternal surname. There are times when it is impossible, by inspection of a name, for example, the writer Sebastià Juan Arbó was alphabetised by the Library of Congress for many years under Arbó, assuming that Sebastiá and Juan were both given names. However, Juan was actually his first surname, to resolve questions like this, which typically involve very common names, one must consult the person involved, or legal documents. A man named José Antonio Gómez Iglesias would normally be addressed as either señor Gómez or señor Gómez Iglesias instead of señor Iglesias, because Gómez is his first surname. Furthermore, Mr. Gómez might be addressed as José Antonio, José, Pepe, Antonio, or Toño Jose, Joselito, Josito, Joselillo, Josico or Joselín, Antoñito, Tonín or Nono. Very formally, he could be addressed with an honorific as don José Antonio or don José, colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez is sometimes incorrectly referred to in English media as Mr. Márquez, when it should be Mr. García Márquez or, simply, Mr. García. It is not unusual, when the first surname is very common, for example, José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero is often called simply Zapatero, the name he inherited from his mothers family, since Rodríguez is a common surname and may be ambiguous. The same occurs with another former Spanish Socialist leader, Alfredo Pérez Rubalcaba, with the poet and dramatist Federico García Lorca, as these peoples paternal names are very common, they are often called with their maternal names. It would nonetheless be a mistake to index José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero under Z as Zapatero, a practical option to spare an explanation is using a single surname composed of two separate words. Parents choose their childs name, which must be recorded in the Registro Civil to establish his or her legal identity. With few restrictions, parents can now choose any name, common sources of names are the parents taste, honouring a relative, the General Roman Calendar nomina, legislation in Spain under Franco legally limited cultural naming customs to only Christian and typical Spanish names
2.
Humacao, Puerto Rico
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Humacao is a municipality in Puerto Rico located in the eastern coast of the island, north of Yabucoa, south of Naguabo, east of Las Piedras, and west of Vieques Passage. Humacao is spread over 10 wards and Humacao Pueblo and it is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area. The region of what is now Humacao belonged to the Taíno region of Jumaca, the region was led by cacique Jumacao. The Taíno settlement was located on the shores of what is called now the Humacao River, in the letter, Jumacao argued that their people were virtually prisoners of Spain. It is said that King Charles was so moved by the letter that he ordered the Governor to obey the terms of the treaty, during the early 16th Century, the region was populated by cattle ranchers. However, since most of them resided in San Juan. At the beginning of the 18th Century, specifically around 1721–1722, still, some settlers remained and by 1776, historian Fray Íñigo Abbad y Lasierra visited the area and wrote about the population there. By 1793, the church was recognized as parish and the settlement was recognized as town. By 1894, Humacao was recognized as a city, due to its thriving population, buildings and structures like a hospital, a theater, and a prison were built in the city. In 1899, after the United States invasion of the island as a result of the Spanish–American War and this lasted until 1914, when the Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico voted on splitting both towns again. Recently, Humacao has been led by mayor Marcelo Trujillo Panisse for more than a decade, a basketball star in his early years, Trujillo has pushed for the development of infrastructure facilities for sports and the fine arts in the city. On March,2008, a new Roman Catholic diocese was established as the Fajardo-Humacao diocese and its first bishop is Monsignor Eusebio Chebito Ramos Morales, a maunabeño who was rector of the Humacaos main parish in the 1990s. Humacao is located in the southeast coast of Puerto Rico and it is bordered by the municipalities of Naguabo to the north, Yabucoa to the south, and Las Piedras to the west. The Atlantic Ocean borders the city in the east, Humacao is located in the region of the Eastern Coastal Plains, with most of its territory being flat. There are minor elevations to the southwest, like Candelero Hill, Humacaos territory covers 45 square miles. Two islands belong to Humacao, Cayo Santiago and Cayo Batata, Humacaos hydrographic system consists of many rivers and creeks like Humacao, Antón Ruíz, and Candelero. Some of its creeks are Frontera, Mariana, and Del Obispo, one of the most notable tourist mainstays is the Palmas del Mar resort, which is the islands largest resort. This megaresort is composed of over 3,000 acres of land, the resort contains over 20 tennis courts, two world-class golf courses, beaches, several restaurants and a riding center
3.
Puerto Rico
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Puerto Rico, officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea. It is an archipelago that includes the island of Puerto Rico and a number of smaller ones such as Mona, Culebra. The capital and most populous city is San Juan and its official languages are Spanish and English, though Spanish predominates. The islands population is approximately 3.4 million, Puerto Ricos rich history, tropical climate, diverse natural scenery, renowned traditional cuisine, and attractive tax incentives make it a popular destination for travelers from around the world. Four centuries of Spanish colonial government transformed the ethnic, cultural and physical landscapes primarily with waves of African captives, and Canarian. In the Spanish imperial imagination, Puerto Rico played a secondary, in 1898, following the Spanish–American War, the United States appropriated Puerto Rico together with most former Spanish colonies under the terms of the Treaty of Paris. Puerto Ricans are natural-born citizens of the United States, however, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in the United States Congress, which governs the territory with full jurisdiction under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950. As a U. S. territory, American citizens residing on the island are disenfranchised at the level and may not vote for president. However, Congress approved a constitution, allowing U. S. citizens on the territory to elect a governor. A fifth referendum will be held in June 2017, with only Statehood, in early 2017, the Puerto Rican government-debt crisis posed serious problems for the government. The outstanding bond debt that had climbed to $70 billion or $12,000 per capita at a time with 12. 4% unemployment, the debt had been increasing during a decade long recession. Puerto Ricans often call the island Borinquen – a derivation of Borikén, its indigenous Taíno name, the terms boricua and borincano derive from Borikén and Borinquen respectively, and are commonly used to identify someone of Puerto Rican heritage. The island is also known in Spanish as la isla del encanto. Columbus named the island San Juan Bautista, in honor of Saint John the Baptist, eventually traders and other maritime visitors came to refer to the entire island as Puerto Rico, while San Juan became the name used for the main trading/shipping port and the capital city. The islands name was changed to Porto Rico by the United States after the Treaty of Paris of 1898, the anglicized name was used by the US government and private enterprises. The name was changed back to Puerto Rico by a joint resolution in Congress introduced by Félix Córdova Dávila in 1931, the ancient history of the archipelago known today as Puerto Rico is not well known. The scarce archaeological findings and early Spanish scholarly accounts from the colonial era constitute the basis of knowledge about them. The first comprehensive book on the history of Puerto Rico was written by Fray Íñigo Abbad y Lasierra in 1786, the first settlers were the Ortoiroid people, an Archaic Period culture of Amerindian hunters and fishermen who migrated from the South American mainland
4.
Puerto Ricans in the United States
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Puerto Ricans, either born in the island or in the states, are American citizens. At 10 percent of the Latino population in the United States, Puerto Ricans are the second largest Latino group nationwide, and comprise 1. 5% of the entire population of the United States. Although the 2010 Census counted the number of Puerto Ricans living in the United States at 4.6 million, more recent estimates show the Puerto Rican population to be over 5 million, as of 2012. The portmanteau Nuyorican refers to Puerto Ricans and their descendants in the New York City metropolitan area, important Puerto Rican institutions have emerged from this long history. ASPIRA was established in New York City in 1961 and is now one of the largest national Latino nonprofit organizations in the United States, the government of Puerto Rico has a long history of involvement with the stateside Puerto Rican community. In July 1930, Puerto Ricos Department of Labor established an employment service in New York City. The Migration Division, also part of Puerto Rico’s Department of Labor, was created in 1948, the strength of stateside Puerto Rican identity is fueled by a number of factors. Since 1898, Puerto Rico has been under the control of the United States, even during Spanish rule, Puerto Ricans settled in the US. However, it was not until the end of the Spanish–American War in 1898 that a significant influx of Puerto Rican workers to the US began, with its 1898 victory, the United States acquired Puerto Rico from Spain and has retained sovereignty since. The 1917 Jones–Shafroth Act made all Puerto Ricans US citizens, freeing them from immigration barriers, the massive migration of Puerto Ricans to the mainland United States was largest in the early and late 20th century, prior to its resurgence in the early 21st century. U. S. political and economic interventions in Puerto Rico created the conditions for emigration, by concentrating wealth in the hands of US corporations, policymakers promoted colonization plans and contract labour programs to reduce the population. US employers, often with government support, recruited Puerto Ricans as a source of labour to the United States. Puerto Ricans migrated in search of jobs, first to New York City, and later to other cities such as Chicago, Philadelphia. New York City neighborhoods such as East Harlem in Upper Manhattan, the South Bronx, between the 1950s and the 1980s, large numbers of Puerto Ricans migrated to New York, especially to Brooklyn, the Bronx, Spanish Harlem and Loisaida neighborhoods of Manhattan. Labor recruitment was the basis of this particular community, in 1960, the number of stateside Puerto Ricans living in New York City as a whole was 88%, with most living in East Harlem. They helped others settle, find work, and build communities by relying on social networks containing friends, there are significant Puerto Rican communities in all five boroughs. The Puerto Rican population in East Harlem and New York City as a whole remains the poorest among all migrant groups in US cities, as of 1973, about 46. 2% of the Puerto Rican migrants in East Harlem were living below the federal poverty line. The struggle for legal work and affordable housing remains fairly low, New York Citys Puerto Rican community contributed to the creation of hip hop music, and to many forms of Latin music including Boogaloo, Salsa, Latin House, and Freestyle
5.
The King and I (1956 film)
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The King and I is a 1956 American musical film made by 20th Century Fox, directed by Walter Lang and produced by Charles Brackett and Darryl F. Zanuck. The screenplay by Ernest Lehman is based on the Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II musical The King and I, based in turn on the novel Anna and the King of Siam by Margaret Landon. That novel in turn was based on memoirs written by Anna Leonowens, Leonowens stories were autobiographical, although various elements of them have been called into question. The film stars Deborah Kerr and Yul Brynner, the film was a critical and commercial success, and was nominated for nine Academy Awards, winning five, including Best Actor for Brynner. Another film adaptation of the musical, the animated film The King. Strong-willed, widowed schoolteacher Anna Leonowens arrives in Bangkok from Wales with her young son Louis after being summoned to tutor the children of King Mongkut. The two are introduced to the intimidating Kralahome, King Mongkuts confidante and Siams prime minister, despite her threat to leave, Anna reluctantly disembarks with Louis and the Kralahome. Once inside the Royal Palace, Anna demands to see King Mongkut and is allowed by the Kralahome to enter the Throne Room. A pleased Mongkut ignores her objections as he introduces her to his numerous wives – who include head wife Lady Thiang, King Mongkut then presents the fifteen children she will tutor, aside from the other sixty-seven - among them his eldest son and heir Prince Chulalongkorn. Anna agrees to stay and tutor the Kings children, prompting formality to break down, meanwhile, Anna starts to form a relationship with the children as getting to know people is her favorite thing to teach. The lesson, however, creates disorder when the children refuse to believe in the existence of snow, which they have never seen. That night, Anna is summoned to the Kings private chambers where he says that reading the Bible, he believes that the world was not created in six days. She is left to finish the letter herself when she tries to explain that the elephants will not last long if only male elephants are sent, Anna goes outside, only to come across Lun Tha and learn that he has been meeting Tuptim in secret. He asks her to arrange a rendezvous and she refuses out of fear, the lovers meet under the cover of darkness and Lun Tha promises he will one day return to Siam and they will escape together. The next day, King Mongkut becomes troubled by reports of spreading British imperialism, Anna stands her ground, threatening to leave Siam despite pleas from the children. King Mongkut asserts that Anna is his servant only to see her repudiate the term, Lady Thiang visits Anna later that night and explains Mongkut is apprehensive over rumors that the British regard him as a barbaric leader, intending to turn Siam into a protectorate. Anna is shocked by the accusations but is reluctant to give him advice after their argument, Lady Thiang convinces her that the King is deserving of support and convinces Anna to go to the King. Anna learns the King is also anxious for reconciliation and learns that the British are sending an envoy to evaluate the situation in Bangkok, the King promises to give Anna a house of her own in return for her help
6.
West Side Story (film)
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West Side Story is a 1961 American musical-romantic drama film directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins. The film is an adaptation of the 1957 Broadway musical of the same name, which in turn was inspired by William Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet. It stars Natalie Wood, Richard Beymer, Russ Tamblyn, Rita Moreno, and George Chakiris, and was photographed by Daniel L. Fapp, A. S. C. in Super Panavision 70. Released on October 18,1961 through United Artists, the film received praise from critics and the public. The film was nominated for 11 Academy Awards and won 10, including Best Picture, after a brawl erupts, Lieutenant Schrank and Officer Krupke arrive and break it up. The Jets decide to challenge the Sharks to a rumble at a dance for neighborhood control. Riff decides that his best friend Tony, the co-founder of the Jets who left the gang, Riff invites Tony to the dance, but Tony is uninterested. He tells Riff that he senses something important will happen, which Riff suggests could have a correlation with the dance, Bernardos younger sister, Maria, tells her best friend and Bernardos girlfriend, Anita, how excited she is about the dance. At the dance, the gangs and girls refuse to intermingle, Tony arrives and he and Maria fall in love. However, Bernardo angrily demands Tony to stay away from her, Riff proposes a meeting with Bernardo at Docs drug store. Maria is sent home, Anita argues that Bernardo is overprotective of Maria and they compare the advantages of Puerto Rico, Tony discreetly visits Maria on her fire escape, where they reaffirm their love. Krupke, who suspects the Jets are planning something, visits them, when the Sharks arrive, both groups agree to have the showdown the following evening under the highway, with a one-on-one fist fight. When Schrank arrives, the gangs feign friendship, Schrank orders the Sharks out and unsuccessfully tries to get the Jets to divulge the location of the fight. The next day at the shop, Anita accidentally tells Maria about the rumble. Tony arrives to see Maria, which shocks Anita and they profess their love and Anita warns them about the consequences if Bernardo learns of their relationship. Maria has Tony promise to prevent the rumble, Tony and Maria fantasize about their wedding ceremony. The Jets and Sharks approach the area under the highway, Tony arrives to stop the fight, but Bernardo antagonizes him. Unwilling to watch Tony be humiliated, Riff initiates a knife fight, Tony tries to intervene, which leads to Bernardo killing Riff
7.
The Electric Company
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PBS broadcast 780 episodes over the course of its six seasons from October 25,1971, to April 15,1977. After it ceased production in 1977, the program continued in reruns until July 5,1985, the Workshop produced the show at Second Stage, located within the Reeves Teletape Studios, in Manhattan, which had been the first home of Sesame Street. The Electric Company employed sketch comedy and various devices to provide an entertaining program to help elementary school children develop their grammar. Since it was intended for children who had graduated from CTWs flagship program, Sesame Street, the original cast included Morgan Freeman, Rita Moreno, Bill Cosby, Judy Graubart, Lee Chamberlin and Skip Hinnant. Most of the cast had done stage, repertory, and improvisational work, with Cosby and Moreno already well-established performers on film and television. Ken Roberts, best known as an announcer, was the narrator of some segments during season one, most notably the parody of the genre that had given him prominence. Jim Boyd, who was strictly an off-camera voice actor and puppeteer during the first season, began appearing on-camera in the second season, Luis Ávalos also joined the cast at that time. Bill Cosby was a regular in one, and occasionally appeared in new segments during season two but left afterward. Nevertheless, segments that Cosby had taped during the first two years were used for the rest of the run, and Cosby was billed as a cast member throughout. Similarly, Lee Chamberlin also left after two, but many of her segments were also repeatedly reused, consequently, she was also billed as a cast member for the rest of the shows run. Added to the cast at the beginning of three was Hattie Winston, an actress and singer who later appeared on the show Becker. The Adventures of Letterman, Premiering during season two, Letterman featured the work of animators John and Faith Hubley. and written by Mike Thaler, the title character repeatedly foiled the Spell Binder, an evil magician who made mischief by changing words into new words. It featured the voices of Zero Mostel, Joan Rivers, who narrated the segments, five Seconds, Halfway through the show, viewers were challenged to read a word within a five- or ten-second time limit. In seasons three and four, in a send-up of Mission, Impossible, the word would self-destruct in a Scanimate animation sequence after the time expired, in seasons five and six, the viewers had to read the word before a cast member did. Giggles, Goggles, Two friends conversed while riding a bicycle or performing some other activity together. One would humorously misuse a word and the other would correct her, heres Cooking at You, A send-up of Julia Childs cooking shows, with Judy Graubart playing Julia Grown-Up. Jennifer of the Jungle, A Borscht Belt-style parody of George of the Jungle, which itself was a send-up of Tarzan, with Judy Graubart as Jennifer and Jim Boyd as Paul the Gorilla. The Last Word, Shown at the end of one, a dimly lit incandescent bulb with a pull-chain switch was shown hanging, the voice of Ken Roberts would gravely state, And now
8.
Oz (TV series)
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Oz is an American television drama series created by Tom Fontana, who also wrote or co-wrote all of the series 56 episodes. It was the first one-hour dramatic television series to be produced by the cable network HBO. Oz premiered on July 12,1997 and ran for six seasons, Oz is the nickname for the Oswald State Correctional Facility, formerly Oswald State Penitentiary, a fictional level 4 maximum-security state prison, apparently in New York. The prison is most likely named after New York Commissioner of Correctional Services Russell George Oswald, the character Tim McManus refers to Attica as his hometown and the riot as his original impetus for his wanting to set up Emerald City. The nickname Oz is also a reference to the classic film The Wizard of Oz, in contrast, a poster for the series uses the tagline, Its no place like home. Moreover, most of the story arcs are set in Emerald City. In 2008, the show was placed at #73 on Entertainment Weeklys New TV Classics list, the majority of Ozs story arcs are set in Emerald City, named for a setting from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In this experimental unit of the prison, unit manager Tim McManus emphasizes rehabilitation and learning responsibility during incarceration, Emerald City is an extremely controlled environment, with a carefully managed balance of members from each racial and social group, intended to ease tensions among these various factions. Under McManus and Warden Leo Glynn, all inmates in Em City struggle to fulfill their own needs, some fight for power – either over the drug trade or over other inmate factions and individuals. Others, corrections officers and inmates alike, simply want to survive, some long enough to make parole, the show offers a no holds barred account of prison life. The shows wheelchair-bound narrator, inmate Augustus Hill, explains the show, and provides context, thematic analysis, Oz chronicles McManus attempts to keep control over the inmates of Em City. There are many groups of inmates throughout the show, and not everyone within each group survives the shows events, in contrast to the dangerous criminals, character Tobias Beecher gives a look at a usually law-abiding man who made one fatal drunk-driving mistake. In Australia, Oz was screened uncensored on the free-to-air channel and this was also the case in Brazil, where it was aired by the SBT Network Corporation, late at night, in Ireland, where the series aired on free-to-air channel TG4 at 11 p. m. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, it was aired on the federal TV station called FTV, in Canada, Oz aired on the Showcase Channel at Friday 10 p. m. EST. In Croatia, Estonia, and Slovenia, the show was aired late at night on public, non-commercial, state-owned channels HRT, ETV, in Denmark, it appeared late at night on the non-commercial public service channel DR1. In Finland, it broadcast on the free-to-air channel Nelonen, in France, the show aired on commercial cable channel Serie Club, also late at night. In Malaysia, full episodes of Oz aired late at night on ntv7, in the Netherlands, Oz aired on the commercial channel RTL5. In New Zealand Oz aired on The Box at 9. 30pm on Wednesdays in the early 2000s, in Norway and Sweden, it aired on the commercial channels ZTV and TV3 late at night
9.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
10.
Emmy Award
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An Emmy Award, or simply Emmy, recognizes excellence in the television industry, and corresponds to the Academy Award, the Tony Award, and the Grammy Award. Because Emmy Awards are given in various sectors of the American television industry, Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year, recognizing excellence in local and statewide television. In addition, International Emmys are awarded for excellence in TV programming produced, each is responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy ceremonies. The Los Angeles-based Academy of Television Arts & Sciences established the Emmy Award as part of an image-building and public relations opportunity. The first Emmy Awards ceremony took place on January 25,1949, at the Hollywood Athletic Club, shirley Dinsdale has the distinction of receiving the very first Emmy Award for Most Outstanding Television Personality, during that first awards ceremony. In the 1950s, the ATAS expanded the Emmys into a national event, in 1955, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences was formed in New York City as a sister organization to serve members on the East Coast, and help to also supervise the Emmys. The NATAS also established regional chapters throughout the United States, with each one developing their own local Emmy awards show for local programming, the ATAS still however maintained its separate regional ceremony honoring local programming in the Los Angeles Area. Originally there was only one Emmy Awards ceremony held per year to honor shows nationally broadcast in the United States, in 1974, the first Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony was held to specifically honor achievement in national daytime programming. Other area-specific Emmy Awards ceremonies soon followed, also, the International Emmy Awards, honoring television programs produced and initially aired outside the U. S. was established in the early 1970s. Meanwhile, all Emmys awarded prior to the emergence of these separate, in 1977, due to various conflicts, the ATAS and the NATAS agreed to split ties. However, they agreed to share ownership of the Emmy statue and trademark. With the rise of television in the 1980s, cable programs first became eligible for the Primetime Emmys in 1988. The ATAS also began accepting original online-only web television programs in 2013, the Emmy statuette, depicting a winged woman holding an atom, was designed by television engineer Louis McManus, who used his wife as the model. The TV Academy rejected a total of forty-seven proposals before settling on McManus design in 1948. The statuette has become the symbol of the TV Academys goal of supporting and uplifting the art and science of television, The wings represent the muse of art. When deciding a name for the award, Academy founder Syd Cassyd originally suggested Ike, however, Ike was also the popular nickname of World War II hero and future U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and the Academy members wanted something unique. Finally, television engineer and the third president, Harry Lubcke, suggested the name Immy. After Immy was chosen, it was feminized to Emmy to match their female statuette
11.
Tony Award
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The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Award, recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre. The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at a ceremony in New York City. The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances, and an award is given for regional theatre, several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given, including a Special Tony Award, the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre, and the Isabelle Stevenson Award. The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry, co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, the rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wings Tony Awards, which applies for that season only. It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT, that is someone who has won all four awards, the Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Award in the United Kingdom and the Molière Award of France. From 1997 to 2010, the Tony Awards ceremony was held at Radio City Music Hall in New York City in June and broadcast live on CBS television, except in 1999, in 2011 and 2012, the ceremony was held at the Beacon Theatre. From 2013 to 2015, the 67th, 68th, and 69th ceremonies returned to Radio City Music Hall, the 70th Tony Awards were held on June 12,2016 at the Beacon Theatre. The 71st Tony Awards will be held on June 11,2017, as of 2014, there are 24 categories of awards, plus several special awards. Starting with 11 awards in 1947, the names and number of categories have changed over the years, some examples, the category Best Book of a Musical was originally called Best Author. The category of Best Costume Design was one of the original awards, for two years, in 1960 and 1961, this category was split into Best Costume Designer and Best Costume Designer. It then went to a category, but in 2005 it was divided again. For the category of Best Director of a Play, a category was for directors of plays. A newly established non-competitive award, The Isabelle Stevenson Award, was given for the first time at the ceremony in 2009. The award is for an individual who has made a contribution of volunteered time and effort on behalf of one or more humanitarian. The category of Best Special Theatrical Event was retired as of the 2009–2010 season, the categories of Best Sound Design of a Play and Best Sound Design of a Musical were retired as of the 2014-2015 season. Performance categories Show and technical categories Special awards Retired awards The award was founded in 1947 by a committee of the American Theatre Wing headed by Brock Pemberton. The award is named after Antoinette Perry, nicknamed Tony, an actress, director, producer and co-founder of the American Theatre Wing, who died in 1946. As her official biography at the Tony Awards website states, At Jacob Wilks suggestion, proposed an award in her honor for distinguished stage acting, at the initial event in 1947, as he handed out an award, he called it a Tony
12.
Helen Hayes
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Helen Hayes MacArthur was an American actress whose career spanned almost 80 years. She eventually garnered the nickname First Lady of American Theatre and was one of 12 people who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar, Hayes also received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, Americas highest civilian honor, from then-President Ronald Reagan in 1986. In 1988, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts, the annual Helen Hayes Awards, which have recognized excellence in professional theatre in greater Washington, DC, since 1984, are her namesake. In 1955, the former Fulton Theatre on 46th Street in New York Citys Broadway Theater District was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre, when that venue was torn down in 1982, the nearby Little Theatre was renamed in her honor. Helen Hayes is regarded as one of the Greatest Leading Ladies of the 20th century theatre, Helen Hayes Brown was born in Washington, D. C. on October 10,1900. Her mother, Catherine Estelle, or Essie, was an actress who worked in touring companies. Her father, Francis van Arnum Brown, worked at a number of jobs, including as a clerk at the Washington Patent Office and as a manager, Hayes Irish Catholic maternal grandparents emigrated from Ireland during the Irish Potato Famine. Hayes began a career at an early age. She attended the Academy of the Sacred Heart Convent in Washington and her sound film debut was The Sin of Madelon Claudet, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress. She followed that with starring roles in Arrowsmith, A Farewell to Arms, The White Sister, What Every Woman Knows, however, Hayes did not prefer that medium to the stage. In 1951, she was involved with the Broadway revival of J. M. Barries play Mary Rose at the ANTA Playhouse, in 1953, she was the first-ever recipient of the Sarah Siddons Award for her work in Chicago theatre, repeating as the winner in 1969. She returned to Hollywood in the 1950s, and her star began to rise. She starred in My Son John and Anastasia, and won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as a stowaway in the disaster film Airport. She followed that up with roles in Disney films such as Herbie Rides Again, One of Our Dinosaurs is Missing. Her performance in Anastasia was considered a comeback—she had suspended her career for years due to the death of her daughter Mary. In 1955, the Fulton Theatre was renamed for her, however, business interests in the 1980s wished to raze that theatre and four others to construct a large hotel that included the Marquis Theatre. Parts of the original Helen Hayes Theatre on Broadway were used to construct the Shakespeare Center on the Upper Westside of Manhattan, which Hayes dedicated with Joseph Papp in 1982. In 1983 the Little Theater on West 45th Street was renamed the Helen Hayes Theatre in her honor, as was a theatre in Nyack, which has since been renamed the Riverspace-Arts Center
13.
Presidential Medal of Freedom
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The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the President of the United States and is—along with the comparable Congressional Gold Medal—the highest civilian award of the United States. The award is not limited to U. S. citizens and, while it is an award, it can also be awarded to military personnel. It was established in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy, President John F. Kennedy established the current decoration in 1963 through Executive Order 11085, with unique and distinctive insignia, vastly expanded purpose, and far higher prestige. It was the first U. S. civilian neck decoration and, in the grade of Awarded With Distinction, is the only U. S. sash and star decoration. The Executive Order calls for the medal to be awarded annually on or around July 4, and at other convenient times as chosen by the president, Recipients are selected by the president, either on his own initiative or based on recommendations. The order establishing the medal also expanded the size and the responsibilities of the Distinguished Civilian Service Awards Board so it could serve as a source of such recommendations. The medal may be awarded to a more than once. It may also be awarded posthumously, examples include John F, golden American bald eagles with spread wings stand between the points of the star. It is worn around the neck on a ribbon with white edge stripes. When the medal With Distinction is awarded, the star may be presented descending from a neck ribbon, the sash and medal of the Presidential Medal of Freedom with distinction has never been worn in public since its inception. Andrew Presidential Medal of Freedom, an article from jfklibrary. org, Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients, a list of recipients from May 5,1993, through August 19,2009, from senate. gov, the U. S. Senates official website. Hosted on georgewbush-whitehouse. archives. gov, a section of the U. S. National Archives, Medal of Freedom Ceremony, a news release, August 12,2009, from the White House Press Secretary at whitehouse. gov, the White Houses official website. War Figures Honored With Medal of Freedom, The New York Times, December 15,2004
14.
Juncos, Puerto Rico
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Juncos is spread over 9 wards and Juncos Pueblo. It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area, Juncos was founded on the request of Tomás Pizarro on August 2,1797, having previously been a village which evolved from a small ranch, the Hatillo de los Juncos. This ranch was part of the Hato del Valenciano, which gave its name to the Río Valenciano which bisects the city before joining the Río Gurabo to the north of the settlement. During the 17th century, large parts of the municipality were owned by the Hato Grande de los Delgado, another ranch, the Hato del Valenciano, was established and later divided into the Hatillo de los Lirios and the Hatillo de los Juncos. This second one became the village of Juncos in the 18th century and was given the status of a town on August 2,1797, reeds, which gave the city its name, feature in the center of its flag and the bottom of its Coat of Arms. On the flag of Juncos, on a field, blue waving stripes cross horizontally in the lower half. These represent the Río Valenciano which bisects the city, green reeds with red buds appear in a central point above the stripes, representing the citys name. The upper right quarter is blue with silver stars to represent the Virgin Mary. The lower right is split vertically between an image of a plant to represent the citys agriculture and a chimney to represent industrialization. Like the flag, a blue line representing the Río Valenciano crosses the shield horizontally. The shield is topped with a crown in the shape of a three-towered castle. Underneath the shield lie the red-budded green reeds which gave the city its name, the municipality of Juncos is divided into ten wards, Under the administration Of Alfredo Papo Alejandro, Juncos started a collective ferry-on-wheels transportation system. The lower left quarter of the municipal Coat of Arms pay homage to tobacco cultivation, Amgen Puerto Rico received FDA approval for bulk manufacturing facilities for Nepogen, Neulasta, Aranesp and Epogen. Amgen is also adding manufacturing capacity in Juncos to produce Denosumab, in addition to Amgen there is a Medtronic and Becton Dickinson Caribe Ltd. in Juncos. The Colgate pharmaceutical facility has closed and production shifted to Mexico, Alfredo Alejandro Carrión of the Peoples Democratic Party is the incumbent mayor of the municipality of Juncos. The city belongs to the Puerto Rico Senatorial district VII, which is represented by two Senators, in 2012, Jorge Suárez and José Luis Dalmau were elected as District Senators. Roberto Clemente Walker, later a double-World Series winner for the Pittsburgh Pirates, as is the national norm, volleyball and basketball are biggest sports in Juncos. In the year 2006-2007 the Valencianas de Juncos won the basketball and volleyball superior league national championship
15.
Rita Hayworth
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Rita Hayworth was an American actress and dancer. She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the top stars. The press coined the term love goddess to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s and she was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II. Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, Gilda, opposite Glenn Ford, Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner. Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical Cover Girl, with Gene Kelly and she is listed as one of the top-25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institutes survey, AFIs 100 Years.100 Stars. In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, which contributed to her death at age 68, the public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimers, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimers research. Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino and her father, Eduardo Cansino, Sr. was from Castilleja de la Cuesta, a little town near Seville, Spain. Her mother, Volga Hayworth, was an American of Irish-English descent who had performed with the Ziegfeld Follies and they also had two sons, Eduardo Cansino, Jr. and Vernon Cansino. Margaritas father wanted her to become a dancer, while her mother hoped she would become an actress. Her paternal grandfather, Antonio Cansino, was renowned as a Spanish classical dancer and he popularized the bolero, and his dancing school in Madrid was world-famous. Hayworth later recalled, From the time I was three and a half … as soon as I could stand on my own feet, I was given dance lessons. She noted I didnt like it very much … but I didnt have the courage to tell my father, rehearse, rehearse, rehearse, that was my girlhood. She attended dance classes every day for a few years in a Carnegie Hall complex and she performed publicly from the age of six. In 1926 at the age of eight, she was featured in La Fiesta, in 1927, her father took the family to Hollywood. He believed that dancing could be featured in the movies and that his family could be part of it and he established his own dance studio, where he taught such stars as James Cagney and Jean Harlow. During the Great Depression, he lost all his investments as commercial interest in his dancing classes waned, in 1931, Eduardo Cansino partnered with his 12-year-old daughter to form an act called the Dancing Cansinos. Since under California law Margarita was too young to work in nightclubs and bars, her father took her with him to work across the border in Tijuana, in the early 1930s, it was a popular tourist spot for people from Los Angeles. Because she was working, Cansino never graduated high school
16.
Broadway theatre
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Along with Londons West End theatres, Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world. The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City, the great majority of Broadway shows are musicals. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggars Opera, in 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice, the company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, by the 1840s, P. T. Barnum was operating an entertainment complex in lower Manhattan. In 1829, at Broadway and Prince Street, Niblos Garden opened, the 3, 000-seat theatre presented all sorts of musical and non-musical entertainments. In 1844, Palmos Opera House opened and presented opera for four seasons before bankruptcy led to its rebranding as a venue for plays under the name Burtons Theatre. The Astor Opera House opened in 1847, booth played the role for a famous 100 consecutive performances at the Winter Garden Theatre in 1865, and would later revive the role at his own Booths Theatre. Other renowned Shakespeareans who appeared in New York in this era were Henry Irving, Tommaso Salvini, Fanny Davenport, lydia Thompson came to America in 1868 heading a small theatrical troupe, adapting popular English burlesques for middle-class New York audiences. Thompsons troupe called the British Blondes, was the most popular entertainment in New York during the 1868–1869 theatrical season, the six-month tour ran for almost six extremely profitable years. Theatre in New York moved from downtown gradually to midtown beginning around 1850, in 1870, the heart of Broadway was in Union Square, and by the end of the century, many theatres were near Madison Square. Broadways first long-run musical was a 50-performance hit called The Elves in 1857, New York runs continued to lag far behind those in London, but Laura Keenes musical burletta The Seven Sisters shattered previous New York records with a run of 253 performances. It was at a performance by Keenes troupe of Our American Cousin in Washington, the production was a staggering five-and-a-half hours long, but despite its length, it ran for a record-breaking 474 performances. The same year, The Black Domino/Between You, Me and the Post was the first show to call itself a musical comedy, Tony Pastor opened the first vaudeville theatre one block east of Union Square in 1881, where Lillian Russell performed. Comedians Edward Harrigan and Tony Hart produced and starred in musicals on Broadway between 1878 and 1890, with book and lyrics by Harrigan and music by his father-in-law David Braham. They starred high quality singers, instead of the women of repute who had starred in earlier musical forms. Plays could run longer and still draw in the audiences, leading to better profits, as in England, during the latter half of the century, the theatre began to be cleaned up, with less prostitution hindering the attendance of the theatre by women
17.
The Toast of New Orleans
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The Toast of New Orleans is a 1950 MGM musical film directed by Norman Taurog and choreographed by Eugene Loring. It starred Mario Lanza, Kathryn Grayson, David Niven, J. Carrol Naish, James Mitchell, the film was made in the wake of That Midnight Kiss, Lanzas successful film debut, as an opportunity for Lanza to sing on the big screen again. Set in Louisiana in 1905, the plot revolves around Pepe Abellard Duvalle, a fisherman with a natural singing talent. Michelines manager hears Duvalle sing and invites him to come to New Orleans to sing, reluctantly, Duvalle allows himself to be groomed for the opera. At first resistant to his advances, Micheline also falls in love with Duvalle, ultimately Duvalle regains his former rough charm and the romantic difficulties are resolved. Kathryn Grayson as Suzette Micheline Mario Lanza as Pepe Abellard Duvalle David Niven as Jacques Riboudeaux J. Carrol Naish as Nicky Duvalle James Mitchell as Pierre Richard Hageman as Maestro P. The success of the first screen pairing of Grayson and Lanza, That Midnight Kiss, shooting began in late December 1949 and concluded in early March 1950. Thirty-five sets were required, three adjoining sound stages on the MGM lot were combined to one of the largest indoor sets constructed for a film musical. The climatic scenes feature Lanza and Graysons characters performing in a production of Madama Butterfly, previously, Lanza had made his debut on the operatic stage as Pinkerton in 1948. Lanza earned $50,000 for his appearance in the film, the Toast of New Orleans also marked Hagemans acting debut, and was Morenos first role in a movie musical. Distributed by Loews, The Toast of New Orleans premiered at the Loews State in New Orleans on September 19,1950, it was released nationally on September 29. According to MGM records the film earned $1,671,000 in the US and Canada and $1,580,000 elsewhere, leading to a profit of $22,000. The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists,2004, AFIs 100 Years.100 Songs, Be My Love – Nominated The Toast of New Orleans at the Internet Movie Database
18.
Singin' in the Rain
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Singin in the Rain is a 1952 American musical comedy film directed and choreographed by Gene Kelly and Stanley Donen, starring Kelly, Donald OConnor, and Debbie Reynolds. It offers a depiction of Hollywood in the late 1920s. The film was only a modest hit when first released and it topped the AFIs Greatest Movie Musicals list and is ranked as the fifth-greatest American motion picture of all time in its updated list of the greatest American films in 2007. In 1989, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, Don Lockwood is a popular silent film star with humble roots as a singer, dancer, and stuntman. Don barely tolerates his vain, cunning, and shallow leading lady, Lina Lamont, though their studio, Monumental Pictures, Lina is convinced they are in love, despite Dons protestations otherwise. At the premiere of his newest film, The Royal Rascal, Don tells the crowd an exaggerated version of his life story, including his motto, Dignity. His words are humorously contradicted by flashbacks showing him alongside his best friend Cosmo Brown, to escape from his fans after the premiere, Don jumps into a passing car driven by Kathy Selden. She drops him off, but not before claiming to be a stage actress, later, at a party, the head of Dons studio, R. F. Simpson, shows a short demonstration of a picture. To Dons amusement, Kathy pops out of a mock cake right in front of him, furious at Dons teasing, she throws a real cake at him, only to hit Lina right in the face. Don is smitten with Kathy and searches for her for weeks, while filming a love scene, Lina tells him that she had Kathy fired. Don finally finds Kathy working in another Monumental Pictures production and she confesses to having been a fan of his all along. The production is beset with difficulties, including Linas grating voice, an exasperated diction coach tries to teach her how to speak properly, but to no avail. Don, Kathy and Cosmo come up with the idea to turn The Duelling Cavalier into a musical called The Dancing Cavalier, Cosmo, inspired by a scene in The Duelling Cavalier where Linas voice was out of sync, suggests that they dub Linas voice with Kathys. R. F. approves the idea but tells them not to inform Lina about the dubbing, when Lina finds out, she is infuriated. She becomes even angrier when she discovers that R. F. intends to give Kathy a screen credit, Lina threatens to sue R. F. unless he orders Kathy to continue working uncredited as Linas voice. R. F. reluctantly agrees to her demands, as a clause in her states that she can sue whenever denied a role of her choosing. The premiere of The Dancing Cavalier is a tremendous success, when the audience clamors for Lina to sing live, Don, Cosmo, and R. F. tell her to lip sync into the microphone while Kathy, hidden behind the curtain, sings into a second one
19.
Robert Wise
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Robert Earl Wise was an American film director, producer and editor. He won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture for both West Side Story and The Sound of Music and he was also nominated for Best Film Editing for Citizen Kane and directed and produced The Sand Pebbles, which was nominated for Best Picture. Among his other films are The Body Snatcher, Born to Kill, The Set-Up, The Day the Earth Stood Still, Destination Gobi, This Could Be The Night, Run Silent, Run Deep, I Want to Live. The Haunting, The Andromeda Strain, The Hindenburg and Star Trek, Wise was the president of the Directors Guild of America from 1971 to 1975 and the president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences from 1984 through 1987. Wise achieved critical success as a director in a variety of film genres, horror, noir, western, war, science fiction, musical and drama. Wises meticulous preparation may have been motivated by studio budget constraints. Robert Wise received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1998, Wise was born in Winchester, Randolph County, Indiana, the youngest son of Olive R. and Earl W. Wise, a meat packer. The family moved to Connersville, Fayette County, Indiana, where Wise attended public schools, as a youth Wises favorite pastime was going to the movies. As a student at Connersville High School, Wise wrote humor and sports columns for the newspaper and was a member of the yearbook staff. Wise initially sought a career in journalism and following graduation from high school attended Franklin College, Wises older brother, David, who had gone to Hollywood several years earlier and worked at RKO Pictures, found his younger brother a job in the shipping department at RKO. Wise worked odd jobs at the studio before moving into editing, Wise began his movie career at RKO as a sound and music editor. In the 1930s, RKO was a small, budget-minded studio with a work ethic and willingness to take artistic risks. At RKO, Wise became an assistant to T. K, wood, the studios head sound-effects editor. Wises first screen credit was a short subject called A Trip through Fijiland. As Wise gained experience, he became interested in editing film content, rather than sound. Wises first film as Hamiltons assistant was Alfred Santells Winterset, Wise continued to work with Hamilton on other films, including Stage Door, Careful, Having Wonderful Time and The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle. In The Hunchback of Notre Dame and Fifth Avenue Girl, Hamilton and Wise, as assistant film editor, Wises first solo film editing work was on Bachelor Mother and My Favorite Wife. At RKO, Wise worked with Orson Welles on Citizen Kane and was nominated for the Academy Award for Film Editing, Wise was the films last living crew member
20.
Jerome Robbins
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Jerome Robbins was an American choreographer, director, dancer, and theater producer who worked in classical ballet, on Broadway, and in films and television. He received two Academy Awards, including the 1961 Academy Award for Best Director with Robert Wise for West Side Story, Robbins was born Jerome Wilson Rabinowitz in the Jewish Maternity Hospital at 270 East Broadway on Manhattan’s Lower East Side – a neighborhood populated by many immigrants. The Rabinowitz family lived in an apartment house at 51 East 97th Street at the northeast corner of Madison Avenue. Known as Jerry to those close to him, Robbins was given a name that reflected his parents patriotic enthusiasm for the then-president. In the early 1920s, the Rabinowitz family moved to Weehawken and his father and uncle opened the Comfort Corset Company in Union City, New Jersey. The family had many business connections, including vaudeville performers. In the 1940s, their name was changed to Robbins. Robbins began studying dance in high school with Alys Bentley. Said Robbins later, What gave me immediately was the freedom to make up my own dances without inhibition or doubts. ”After graduation he went to study chemistry at New York University but dropped out after a year for financial reasons. He joined the company of Senya Gluck Sandor, a exponent of expressionistic modern dance. While a member of Sandor’s company Robbins made his debut with the Yiddish Art Theater. Robbins had also begun creating dances for Tamiment’s Revues, some comic and some dramatic, topical, one such dance, later also performed in New York City at the 92nd Street Y, was “Strange Fruit, ” set to the song performed indelibly by Billie Holiday. In 1946, Robbins joined Ballet Theatre, Robbins created and performed in Fancy Free, a ballet about sailors on liberty, at the Metropolitan Opera as part of the Ballet Theatre season in 1944. One of Fancy Frees inspirations was Paul Cadmus 1934 painting The Fleets In, however, Robbins scenario was more lighthearted than the painting. Robbins commissioned a score for the ballet from the then-unknown Leonard Bernstein, with Fancy Free, Robbins created a dance that integrated classic ballet, 1940’s social dancing, and a screwball plotline. Later that year, Robbins conceived and choreographed On the Town, a musical inspired by Fancy Free. Bernstein wrote the music and Smith designed the sets, the book and lyrics were by a team that Robbins would work with again, Betty Comden and Adolph Green, and the director was the Broadway legend George Abbott. Because Robbins, as choreographer, insisted that his chorus reflect the diversity of a New York City crowd
21.
Leonard Bernstein
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Leonard Bernstein was an American composer, conductor, author, music lecturer, and pianist. He was among the first conductors born and educated in the US to receive worldwide acclaim, according to music critic Donal Henahan, he was one of the most prodigiously talented and successful musicians in American history. Bernstein was the first conductor to give a series of lectures on classical music, starting in 1954. He was a skilled pianist, often conducting piano concertos from the keyboard, as a composer he wrote in many styles encompassing symphonic and orchestral music, ballet, film and theatre music, choral works, opera, chamber music and pieces for the piano. Many of his works are performed around the world, although none has matched the tremendous popular. He was born Louis Bernstein in Lawrence, Massachusetts, the son of Ukrainian-Jewish parents Jennie and Samuel Joseph Bernstein and he was not related to film composer Elmer Bernstein, but the two men were friends, and even shared a certain physical similarity. Within the world of music, they were distinguished from each other by the use of the nicknames Bernstein West. His family spent their summers at their home in Sharon. His grandmother insisted that his first name be Louis, but his parents called him Leonard. He officially changed his name to Leonard when he was fifteen, to his friends and many others he was simply known as Lenny. His father, Sam Bernstein, was a businessman and owner of a hair product store in downtown Lawrence, it is no longer standing on the corners of Amesbury, Sam initially opposed young Leonards interest in music. Despite this, the elder Bernstein took him to concerts in his teenage years. As a child, Bernstein attended the Garrison Grammar School and Boston Latin School, as a child he was very close to his younger sister Shirley, and would often play entire operas or Beethoven symphonies with her at the piano. He had a variety of teachers in his youth, including Helen Coates. After graduation from Boston Latin School in 1935, Bernstein attended Harvard University, one of his friends at Harvard was philosopher Donald Davidson, with whom he played piano four hands. Bernstein wrote and conducted the score for the production Davidson mounted of Aristophanes play The Birds in the original Greek. Bernstein reused some of this music in the ballet Fancy Free, during his time at Harvard he was briefly an accompanist for the Harvard Glee Club. Bernstein also mounted a student production of The Cradle Will Rock, Blitzstein, who heard about the production, subsequently became a friend and influence on Bernstein
22.
Stephen Sondheim
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Stephen Joshua Sondheim is an American composer and lyricist known for more than a half-century of contributions to musical theatre. Sondheim has received an Academy Award, eight Tony Awards, eight Grammy Awards, a Pulitzer Prize, the Laurence Olivier Award, and he has been described by Frank Rich of The New York Times as now the greatest and perhaps best-known artist in the American musical theater. He also wrote the lyrics for West Side Story and Gypsy, Sondheim has also written film music, contributing Goodbye for Now to Warren Beattys 1981 Reds. He wrote five songs for 1990s Dick Tracy, including Sooner or Later by Madonna, the composer was president of the Dramatists Guild from 1973 to 1981. To celebrate his 80th birthday, the former Henry Millers Theatre was renamed the Stephen Sondheim Theatre on September 15,2010, Cameron Mackintosh has called Sondheim possibly the greatest lyricist ever. Sondheim was born into a Jewish family in New York City and his father manufactured dresses designed by his mother. The composer grew up on the Upper West Side of Manhattan and, after his parents divorced, on a farm near Doylestown, Pennsylvania. As the only child of parents living in the San Remo on Central Park West. When he lived in New York, Sondheim attended ECFS, the Ethical Culture Fieldston School known simply as Fieldston, Sondheim spent several summers at Camp Androscoggin. He traces his interest in theatre to Very Warm for May, the curtain went up and revealed a piano, Sondheim recalled. A butler took a duster and brushed it up, tinkling the keys, when Sondheim was ten, his father left his mother for another woman. Herbert sought custody of Stephen but was unsuccessful, Sondheim explained to biographer Secrest that he was what they call an institutionalized child, meaning one who has no contact with any kind of family. Youre in, though its luxurious, youre in an environment that supplies you with everything, No brothers and sisters, no parents, and yet plenty to eat, and friends to play with and a warm bed, you know. Sondheim detested his mother, who was said to be abusive and projected her anger from her failed marriage on her son, When my father left her. And she used me the way she used him, to come on to and to berate, beat up on, what she did for five years was treat me like dirt, but come on to me at the same time. She once wrote him a letter saying that the only ever had was giving him birth. When his mother died in the spring of 1992, Sondheim did not attend her funeral, when Sondheim was about ten years old, he became friends with James Hammerstein, son of lyricist and playwright Oscar Hammerstein II. The elder Hammerstein became Sondheims surrogate father, influencing him profoundly, Sondheim met Hal Prince, who would direct many of his shows, at the opening of South Pacific, Hammersteins musical with Richard Rodgers
23.
Chita Rivera
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Chita Rivera is an American actress, dancer, and singer best known for her roles in musical theatre. She is the first Hispanic woman and the first Latino American to receive a Kennedy Center Honors award and she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009. Her father was Puerto Rican, and her mother was of Scottish, Rivera was seven years old when her mother was widowed and went to work at The Pentagon. In 1944, Riveras mother enrolled her in the Jones-Haywood School of Ballet, Riveras audition was successful, and she was accepted into the school and given a scholarship. In 1951, Rivera accompanied a friend to the audition for the company of Call Me Madam. She followed this by landing roles in other Broadway productions such as Guys and Dolls, in 1957, she was cast in the role which was destined to make her a Broadway star, the firebrand Anita in West Side Story. Rivera starred in a tour of Can-Can and played the role of Nickie in the film adaptation of Sweet Charity with Shirley MacLaine. On December 1,1957, Rivera married dancer Tony Mordente and her performance was so important for the success of the show that the London production of West Side Story was postponed until she gave birth to the couples daughter Lisa. In 1960, Rivera created the role of Rose in the Broadway smash Bye Bye Birdie and she won raves for her performance, but was passed over for the film version where the role was played by Janet Leigh. In 1963, Rivera was cast opposite Alfred Drake in Zenda, the Broadway-bound musical closed on the road. In 1975 she appeared as Velma Kelly in the original cast of the musical Chicago, in 1984 she starred in the musical The Rink with Liza Minnelli and won her first Tony Award for her role as Anna. In 1986, while performing in the Jerry Herman musical, Jerrys Girls, injuries sustained included the breaking of her left leg in twelve places, requiring eighteen screws and two braces to mend. After rehabilitation, Rivera continued to perform on stage, miraculously revitalized, in 1988, she endeavored in a restaurant venture in partnership with the novelist, Daniel Simone. The eatery, located on 42nd Street between 9th and 10th Avenue, was named Chitas after her and it soon became a significant attraction for the after-theater crowds and remained open until 1994. In addition to her instructors, Rivera credited Leonard Bernstein and Gwen Verdon, with whom she starred in Chicago. She appeared as Fastrada in a version of the musical Pippin in 1981. In 1993, she received a Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Aurora in the musical Kiss of the Spider Woman, written by Kander, Rivera starred in the Goodman Theatre production of the musical The Visit as Claire Zachanassian in 2001. In 2008 she appeared in a production of the musical at the Signature Theatre in Arlington, Virginia
24.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
25.
Cry of Battle
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Cry of Battle is a 1963 American coming of age war film based on the 1951 novel Fortress in the Rice by Benjamin Appel who was a journalist and special assistant to the U. S. Commissioner for the Philippines from 1945-46, the film stars Van Heflin, James MacArthur, Rita Moreno, Leopoldo Salcedo and Sidney Clute. Set during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines, the title was To Be a Man. The film begins on December 8,1941 with the Japanese attacking the Philippines, Dave McVey Jr. the son of a rich American businessman with extensive holdings in the Philippines, is attacked by murderous bandits. He is rescued by Careo, a Filipino patriot who has put together a group of anti-Japanese Filipino guerrillas, carero hides Dave with an elderly Filpino and his granddaughter who teach Dave Tagalog. Joes ship was part of a merchant line owned by Daves father, Joe figures that Daves father will reward him for keeping his son safe. Joe gets drunk and rapes the teenage granddaughter, when the girl starts screeming, Dave has no choice but to flee with Joe. They meet a band of armed Filipinos led by Atong and the English-speaking woman Sisa, the quick-thinking Joe tells the band that if they bring them to Colonel Ryker, an American officer in charge of a guerrilla unit, Ryker will reward them. Ryker tells Dave that the Japanese would probably give him a comfortable existence, Dave replies that his fathers connections to Japan were from before the war and he would rather fight with the guerrillas. The group join Rykers unit in fighting the Japanese, Joe is promoted to lieutenant and is to accompany a Filipino captain on a raid against a Japanese-held sugar refinery and railway. Joe brings Dave, Atong, Sisa and a group of their band on the mission. After the captain is killed, Atong kills one of his own men over the captains pistol, Joe makes Atong give the pistol to Dave. Not wishing to complete their mission, Joe sends Dave and Sisa into a village to ask the locals for food, as they are negotiating, Joes band massacres the villagers to steal their rice, with Joe shooting Atong during the raid. Sisa quickly switches her loyalties to Joe and he hired his friends Irving Lerner to direct and Bernard Gordon to write the screenplay. Gordon saw the opportunity to use the screenplay as a comment on American attitudes towards Third World people, during the film, Dave asks Joe if raping his hosts granddaughter made him feel like a man. Joe responded that fighting when you have to and having a woman when you can was feeling like a man, Joe also initiates Dave into manhood by using his winnings in a poker game to give Dave a night with a prostitute. In Daves first battle, Dave captures a panicked Japanese soldier with Joe grabbing Daves hands holding his rifle with bayonet that he thrusts into the prisoner. Rita Morenos scenes were shot around her back to Hollywood to accept her Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for West Side Story
26.
The Night of the Following Day
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The Night of the Following Day is a 1968 film starring Marlon Brando and Richard Boone. Filmed in France, around Le Touquet it tells the story of a kidnapped heiress being held hostage in a remote beachhouse on the coast of France, the film starts with Duponts daughter on an airplane and a stewardess, Vi bending over her. As she leaves, we see a chauffeur, Bud, saying something to Duponts daughter which we do not hear and he puts her in the back of a Rolls-Royce and drives off. They stop at a junction and Leer gets in, the girl realises she has been kidnapped. Bud starts to have second thoughts and he tries to protect the girl when Leer gets out of control. Bud also has to deal with the lack of courage with the head of the operation and Vi, Leer kills all his partners in crime on their return with the ransom, the car catching fire. Bud, perhaps anticipating this betrayal, gets out early, hiding on the beach, he is able to exact revenge and shoots Leer as he signals to a ship waiting to take him from the country. All is revealed to be a dream during the flight, sparked by Vi. But then the girl meets Bud in the airport just as in the dream
27.
Popi
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Popi is a 1969 American comedy-drama film directed by Arthur Hiller, and starring Alan Arkin and Rita Moreno. The screenplay was written by Tina Pine and Lester Pine, the film focuses on a Puerto Rican widower struggling to raise his two young sons in the New York City neighborhood of Spanish Harlem. Abraham Rodriguez, known as Popi to his sons Luis and Junior and he hopes to earn enough to marry his girlfriend Lupe and move the family into a better home in Brooklyn. Then reality crashes in as the boys see gangs do violence in the neighborhood and are victimized when their clothes are stolen from them. While working at a banquet in New York for Cuban exiles, after teaching them how to row a boat in the lake in Central Park and how to handle a motorboat on the East River, they depart for Florida. Popi steals a boat in Miami Beach and tells the boys to take it out until they run out of fuel, then remove the outboard motor and begin to row back to shore. When he is unable to convince the Coast Guard that the boys are out there, Luis and Junior, suffering from dehydration and severe sunburn. The boys are hospitalized, and soon find themselves indundated with flowers and toys from thousands of well-wishers, wearing a disguise, Popi sneaks into their hospital room and tries to convince them they are better off being raised by wealthy parents. The three begin to argue loudly in English, alerting the staff and prompting Popi to flee, much to the relief of the boys, their hoax is exposed, and they happily return to their impoverished life in the barrio with their loving father. Penebaz The movie opened to reviews, with Arkin especially being singled out for praise. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times said the film splits apart in the middle, the first half, set in New York, is rich and warm, filled with the flavor of city life. The second half, involving the Florida plan, functions only on the level of TV situation comedy and that is not to say that Popi isnt an engaging movie. It is, largely because the kids were well cast and because of Arkin. Variety observed, Arkin is given too much free rein for his personal style, and is sometimes guilty of working a scene, meant to be poignant or even dramatic, for a laugh. The undecided mood of the works against it for any lasting impression on the viewer. For the second year in a row, Alan Arkin won the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama but lost to John Wayne in True Grit. Tina Pine and Lester Pine were nominated for the Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay but lost to William Goldman for Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. A TV series with the name, a sitcom based on the same subject, aired in 1976
28.
Marlowe (film)
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Marlowe is a 1969 neo-noir film starring James Garner as Raymond Chandlers private detective Philip Marlowe. Directed by Paul Bogart, the film was written by Stirling Silliphant based on Chandlers 1949 novel The Little Sister, the supporting cast includes Bruce Lee, Gayle Hunnicutt, Rita Moreno, Sharon Farrell, Carroll OConnor and Jackie Coogan. The film foreshadowed James Garners second Los Angeles P. I. character Jim Rockford in The Rockford Files, Rita Moreno would also go on to co-star as a recurring character in the series. Many of the wisecracking Marlowe lines incorporated by Silliphant for this movie were taken directly from Chandlers novel, Silliphant is best known for his Academy Award-winning screenplay for In the Heat of the Night and creating the television series Route 66 and Naked City. This movie introduced martial arts legend Bruce Lee to many American film viewers, the films title song Little Sister is provided by the group Orpheus. Los Angeles private-eye Philip Marlowe is trying to locate the brother of his new client, the trail leads to two men who deny any knowledge of the brothers existence. Both are soon killed by an ice pick, so Marlowe deduces that there is more to this than a simple missing-person case. Marlowes path crosses that of a movie star, Mavis Wald. A mobster sends Kung Fu expert Winslow Wong to bust up Marlowes office and warn him off the case, hand-to-hand combat between the martial artist and detective leads to Wongs plummeting to his death off a balcony. Several more die along the way in a case leads to a final shootout during a striptease. Rita Moreno as a strip dancer delivers soundly, but a peeler does not a picture make. Critic Roger Ebert criticized parts of the film in his review, writing, But books depend mostly on the texture and style of life in Los Angeles, thats probably why Marlowe, the latest movie to be based on a Chandler book, is not very satisfactory. Even though director Paul Bogart shot on location, he has not quite captured the gritty quality of Chandlers LA, somewhere about the time when the Chinese martial arts expert wrecks his office, we realize Marlowe has lost track of the plot, too. Marlowe at the Internet Movie Database Marlowe at the TCM Movie Database Marlowe at Rotten Tomatoes Marlowe film trailer on YouTube
29.
The Ritz (film)
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The Ritz is a 1976 American film directed by Richard Lester based on the play of the same name by Terrence McNally. Also in the cast were Kaye Ballard and Treat Williams, the film, Jack Weston, and Rita Moreno all received Golden Globe nominations in the comedy category. A farce is set in a gay bathhouse in Manhattan, where unsuspecting heterosexual Cleveland businessman Gaetano Proclo has taken refuge from his homicidal mobster brother-in-law, further complications arise when Gaetanos wife Vivian tracks him down and jumps to all the wrong conclusions about his sexual orientation. Rotten Tomatoes, an aggregator, reports that 40% of five surveyed critics gave the film a positive review. Film critic Roger Ebert rated it 2. 5/4 stars and wrote that the desires to be a screwball comedy but lacks the manic pacing. The Ritz was released to DVD by Warner Home Video on January 8,2008, continental Baths The Ritz at the Internet Movie Database The Ritz at the TCM Movie Database The Ritz at AllMovie The Ritz at the Internet Broadway Database
30.
The Four Seasons (1981 film)
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The Four Seasons is a 1981 romantic comedy film written and directed by and starring Alan Alda, co-starring Carol Burnett, Len Cariou, Sandy Dennis, Rita Moreno, Jack Weston and Bess Armstrong. The film spawned a short-lived CBS series in 1984 produced by Alda, the story revolves around three married couples living in New York City who take vacations together during each of the seasons. After this pattern has been established, Nick leaves his wife of 21 years, Anne, during the Spring trip to the cabin, for a younger woman. He then proceeds to bring Ginny on the Summer, Fall and this causes the other two couples to be uncomfortable, feeling as if they have betrayed their good friend Anne. Jack is a lawyer and happily married to Kate and he enjoys asking deep and probing questions and then volunteering an answer. Jack is moralistic, expressing disapproval of Nick for leaving his wife and he competes with the more athletic Nick in dirtbike racing, soccer, and skiing. His friends and wife consider him too judgmental at times, instead of keeping true feelings to themselves, Jack thinks its better for everyone to clear the air, when some feelings could be better off hidden. Kate works as an editor for Fortune magazine and she suspects that her husband has fantasies of being worshipped by an attractive, younger woman the way Nick has. Since she comes across as well-organized and even perfect, Kate can feel invisible, Nick is an insurance salesman and estate planner. He is bored with his wife Anne and divorces her and he admits to Jack that he wants a woman who can excite him. Ginny, a woman, begins joining him on seasonal vacations with the Burroughses. Although his four friends disapprove, Nick is happy, Ginny marries him and becomes pregnant with his child. Danny is a dentist and married to Claudia and he shares with his male friends a passion for cooking and exotic dishes. He is oldest of the group and fears that he is approaching death and this has prompted diet changes and even irrational fears, like pressing strange elevator buttons. Danny can be cheap when it comes to money and often displays symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. She can be quite outspoken, even to the point of being insensitive to others, whenever her candor is criticized, Claudia refuses to apologize and cites her heritage. She expresses the desire to feel in love the way Nick does with Ginny, after witnessing Nick and Ginny swim naked, Claudia and Danny try it themselves. Anne is a housewife, mother, and aspiring photographer and she takes pleasure in taking photos of vegetables, much to Nicks chagrin
31.
Rio 2
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Rio 2 is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated musical adventure-comedy film produced by Blue Sky Studios and directed by Carlos Saldanha. It is the sequel to the 2011 computer-animated film Rio and the studios first film to have a sequel outside of their existing Ice Age franchise. The title refers to the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro, Blue macaws Blu and Jewel and their three children—Bia, Carla, and Tiago—are living happily in the city until Jewel realizes that her children are becoming more like humans. When word gets out about this through television, Jewel believes that they should go to the Amazon to help find the blue macaws, while the kids are ecstatic, Blu is uncertain, but he is pressured into going along. Rafael, Nico and Pedro decide to come along, Luiz attempts to follow but fails. Blu brings a fanny pack full of supplies, one of which he mostly is a GPS. Also, Blu and Jewels old nemesis, Nigel the cockatoo, has survived the crash from the first film. When he sees Blu and his family flying overhead, he decides to seek revenge on them. He enlists two minions to help him in his plans, a silent anteater named Charlie and a poison dart frog named Gabi, Blu and his family use a boat to get to the jungle, and, when they arrive, they find nothing. However, they are taken to a flock of blue macaws that are hiding in a secret paradise land. There, they meet Jewels stern long-lost father, Eduardo, his older sister Mimi, Eduardo seems unimpressed with Blus domesticated human behavior. While searching for the macaws, Linda and Tulio are eventually trapped by the loggers, meanwhile, Blu does his best to fit in with the flock, as his family and friends are doing, although the flock are against humans and all things human. Meanwhile, a disguised Nigel plans to kill Blu at the new Carnival show after landing in an audition hosted by Rafael, Nico, Pedro, and Carla. When Blu tries to pick a Brazilian nut for Jewel, he tries to get it in the territory of the Spix macaws enemies. Blu inadvertently causes war between the two tribes for food when he accidentally hits Felipe with a twig, the war turns out to be just like football, and Blu accidentally costs the flock the food when he sends the fruit ball into his own teams goal. Blu visits Tulio and Lindas site, where he discovers that it has been majorly disturbed, after discovering the loggers are destroying the jungle, Blu sends Roberto to warn the flock as he saves Linda and Tulio. Blu persuades the macaws to defend their homes, and they easily outmatch the loggers with help from the scarlet macaws, Big Boss tries to blow up the trees as a back-up plan, but Blu steals the lit dynamite. Nigel goes after Blu, and reveals himself as they are falling down when he tugs on the dynamite, after the dynamite goes off, Blu and Nigel engage in a battle while tangled in vines
32.
PBS
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The Public Broadcasting Service is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor. PBS is funded by member dues, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, government agencies, corporations, foundations. All proposed funding is subjected to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source, since the mid-2000s, Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. This arbitrary distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion and it also operates National Datacast, a subsidiary which offers datacasting services via member stations, and provides additional revenue for PBS and its member stations. In 1973, it merged with Educational Television Stations, each station is charged with the responsibility of programming local content for their individual market or state that supplements content provided by PBS and other public television distributors. By contrast, PBS member stations pay fees for the acquired and distributed by the national organization. Under this relationship, PBS member stations have greater latitude in local scheduling than their commercial broadcasting counterparts, scheduling of PBS-distributed series may vary greatly depending on the market. This can be a source of tension as stations seek to preserve their localism, however, PBS has a policy of common carriage, which requires most stations to clear the national prime time programs on a common programming schedule to market them nationally more effectively. Management at former Los Angeles member KCET cited unresolvable financial and programming disputes among its reasons for leaving PBS after over 40 years in January 2011. Most PBS stations timeshift some distributed programs, once PBS accepts a program offered for distribution, PBS, rather than the originating member station, retains exclusive rebroadcasting rights during an agreed period. Suppliers retain the right to sell the program in non-broadcast media such as DVDs, books, in 1991, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting resumed production for most PBS shows that debuted prior to 1977, with the exceptions of Washington Week in Review and Wall Street Week. In 1994, The Chronicle of Philanthropy released the results of the largest study on the popularity and credibility of charitable, the strategy began that fall, with the intent to expand the in-program breaks to the remainder of the schedule if successful. In 2011, PBS released apps for iOS and Android to allow viewing of videos on mobile devices. An update in 2015 added Chromecast support, PBS initially struggled to compete with online media such as YouTube for market share. In a 2012 speech to 850 top executives from PBS stations, in the speech, later described as a “seminal moment” for public television, he laid out his vision for a new style of PBS digital video production. Station leadership rallied around his vision and Seiken formed PBS Digital Studios, which began producing educational but edgy videos, something Seiken called “PBS-quality with a YouTube sensibility. ”The studio’s first hit, in 2012, PBS began organizing much of its prime time programming around a genre-based schedule. PBS broadcasts childrens programming as part of the morning and afternoon schedule. Unlike its radio counterpart, National Public Radio, PBS does not have a program production arm or news division
33.
The Muppet Show
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The Muppet Show is a family-oriented comedy-variety television series that was produced by puppeteer Jim Henson and features The Muppets. The programmes were recorded at ATVs Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, England, the series shows a vaudeville or music hall-style song-and-dance variety show, as well as glimpses behind the scenes of such a show. Kermit the Frog stars as a showrunner who tries to control of the antics of the other Muppet characters. The show was known for physical slapstick, sometimes absurdist comedy. Each episode also featured a human guest star, as the shows popularity rose, many celebrities were eager to perform with the Muppets on television and in film. Many of the puppeteers also worked on Sesame Street, Jerry Juhl and Jack Burns were two of the show writers. The music was performed by Jack Parnell and his orchestra, since 1969, Sesame Street had given Jim Hensons Muppet creations exposure, however, Henson began to perceive that he was pigeonholed as a childrens entertainer. He sought to create a programme that could be enjoyed by young, Two specials were produced and aired on ABC that are considered pilots for The Muppet Show. Neither led to the sale of a network series. However, the prime-time access rule had just been enacted, which took the 7,30 to 8 pm ET slot from the networks and turned it over to their affiliates. CBS suggested it would be interested in Hensons proposal as a series it could purchase for its owned-and-operated stations. According to the pitch reel, Rowan & Martins Laugh-In co-creator George Schlatter was originally going to be involved. Henson put aside his misgivings about syndication and accepted, the Muppet Show Theme is the shows theme song. It is the opening and closing theme for episode of The Muppet Show and was performed by The Muppets in a scene of The Muppets. Each episode ended with an instrumental performance of The Muppet Show Theme by the Muppet orchestra before Statler. Some last laugh sequences featured other Muppets on the balcony, for example, in one episode, the Muppets of Sesame Street appeared behind the duo who told them, How should we know how to get to Sesame Street. We dont even know how to get out of this stupid theater box, every series, the TV version of the song was presented with re-worked lyrics. While the opening sequence evolved visually over the course of the five series
34.
The Love Boat
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The Love Boat is an American television series set on a cruise ship which aired on the ABC Television Network from May 5,1977, until May 24,1986, three-hour specials aired in 1986–87 and 1990. The show revolves around the captain and a handful of its crew, with several passengers – played by different guest actors for each episode – having romantic. It was part of ABCs popular Saturday night lineup that included Fantasy Island until that ended in 1984. The original 1976 made-for-TV movie on which the show was based was itself based on the nonfiction book Love Boats by Jeraldine Saunders, two more TV movies would follow before the series began its first season in September 1977. The executive producer for the series was Aaron Spelling, who produced several TV series for ABC from the 1960s into the 1980s. In 1997, the episode with segment titles Hidden Treasure, Picture from the Past, the Love Boat ran for nine seasons plus four specials. A made-for-TV movie, titled The Love Boat, A Valentine Voyage, starring four of the original cast members, aired on February 12,1990. Gavin MacLeod as Captain Merrill Stubing Bernie Kopell as Dr. Fred Grandy was in every episode throughout the run of the series, MacLeod was not the captain in the first two TV movies, however. However, when MacLeods character was introduced, there was mention of him being the new captain, among the series attractions was the casting of well-known actors in guest-starring roles, with many famous film stars of yesteryear making rare television appearances. The show was followed on Saturday nights on ABC by Fantasy Island, which was produced by Aaron Spelling. The one-hour sitcom was set aboard a Princess Cruises cruise liner called Pacific Princess. Other ships used were twin sister Island Princess, Stella Solaris, Pearl of Scandinavia, Royal Viking Sky and Royal Princess, the series was filmed primarily on sets in California—20th Century Fox Studios for seasons one through five and Warner Hollywood Studios for the remainder of the series. Another unique aspect of The Love Boat was its writing format, every episode contained several storylines, each written by a different set of writers working on one group of guest stars. As a result, episodes ended up with titles like Disco Baby/Alas, Poor Dwyer/After the War/Ticket to Ride/Itsy Bitsy. This also led to continuity errors, most notably in Julies outfits during boarding and disembarkation. Even though the cast of Charlies Angels had been on separate episodes of the show, on rare occasions there would be crossovers between the stories. In one episode actors Robert Reed and Florence Henderson, formerly of The Brady Bunch, in one scene, the two pass each other in a corridor, exchange a Do I know you. Double-take, and then continue on their separate ways without talking, in a one-time Fantasy Island crossover episode, the cruise ship makes a detour to deliver a troubled woman to the mysterious island, and her storyline continued on that show
35.
The Cosby Show
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The Cosby Show is an American television sitcom starring Bill Cosby, which aired for eight seasons on NBC from September 20,1984 until April 30,1992. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle-class African-American family living in Brooklyn, according to TV Guide, the show was TVs biggest hit in the 1980s, and almost single handedly revived the sitcom genre and NBCs ratings fortunes. TV Guide also ranked it as #28 of their list of 50 Greatest Shows, in addition, Cliff Huxtable was named as the Greatest Television Dad. The Cosby Show spent five seasons as the number one rated show on television. The Cosby Show and All in the Family are the only sitcoms in the history of the Nielsen ratings and it spent all eight of its seasons in the Top 20. The Cosby Show was based on comedy routines in Cosbys stand-up act, the show spawned the spin off A Different World, which ran for six seasons from 1987 to 1993. The show focuses on the Huxtable family, an upper middle-class African-American family, living in an brownstone in Brooklyn Heights, New York, the patriarch is Cliff Huxtable, an obstetrician, son of a prominent jazz trombonist. The matriarch is his wife, attorney Clair Huxtable and they have five children, four daughters and one son, Sondra, Denise, Theo, Vanessa and Rudy. Despite its comedic tone, the show sometimes involves serious subjects, like Theos experiences dealing with dyslexia, inspired by Cosbys dyslexic son, the show also deals with teen pregnancy when Denises friend, Veronica, becomes pregnant. The Cosby Show pilot episode uses the title sequence as the rest of the first season. However, it is notable for a number of differences from the remainder of the series, in the pilot, the Huxtables have only four children. Following the pilot, the Huxtables have five children, with the addition of their eldest daughter, Sondra, the character was created when Bill Cosby wanted the show to express the accomplishment of successfully raising a child. Whitney Houston was considered for the role of Sondra Huxtable, Houston, however, was unable to commit to the full-time television production schedule in the NBC contract as she was intending to be a full-time music recording artist. Most of the story in the presentation is taken from Bill Cosbys classic comedy film, Bill Cosby. Bill Cosbys character is called Clifford in the episodes of the first season. His name was switched to Heathcliff. Additionally, Vanessa refers to Theo as Teddy twice in the dining room scene, the interior of the Huxtables home features an entirely different living room from subsequent episodes, and different color schemes in the dining room and the master bedroom. Throughout the remainder of the series, the room is reserved for more formal occasions
36.
George Lopez (TV series)
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George Lopez stars the titular comedian George Lopez, who plays a fictionalized version of himself and revolves around his life at work and raising his family at home. The series was produced by Fortis Films and Mohawk Productions in association with Warner Bros, the executive producers consisted of George Lopez, Bruce Helford, Deborah Oppenheimer and Sandra Bullock. On September 2,2016, George Lopez announced through his Instagram that there are talks to bringing the back on the air. After Carmens departure from the series, the role fulfilled by her character was replaced with Angies overindulged niece Veronica, with a large trust fund that has been entrusted under Georges care. However, Mannys personality was commonly depicted as being uncaring toward his son and former wife in the few appearances that he made, nonetheless, he prohibits his sons family from attending his funeral in protection of his reputation, much to Georges anger. For the first five seasons, the show had an all-Latino cast with the exception of Albanian American actress Masiela Lusha, George Lopez said that due to creative differences between him and Lusha, Lushas character was written out of the show after season 5. During the shows last season, Aimee Garcia was cast as Georges niece, the shows theme song is Low Rider, performed by War. The theme plays in the credits and was present when the show aired on ABC as well as syndication. At the 9th ALMA Awards in 2007, George Lopez called the song the Chicano National Anthem, the series finale aired on May 8,2007, after the show was canceled by ABC. Lopez said that ABC dealt with us from the bottom of the deck, Lopez attributed the cancellation in part to the fact that the show was not produced directly by ABC Studios, but instead by Warner Bros. Lopez also criticized ABCs decision to approve the show Cavemen, being perplexed at the circumstances, So a Chicano cant be on TV, according to Lopez,170 staff members who worked on the show lost their jobs. Lopez explained that he took the five years of good, and I did a lot with the good and my popularity, I was involved in charities, I overcame my illness, all on TV. I shared all of that with America – every secret I had, everything was open to the show. In spite of the cancellation, nightly episode re-runs continue to air on various networks both in the United States and abroad, George Lopez was critically acclaimed and received positive reviews from critics. The show entered syndication one month after the finale on ABC. The show moved to ION Television on Thursday, Sept.29,2011, on March 8,2007, it was announced that George Lopez would join the Nick at Nite lineup. It first aired on Nick at Nite on September 10,2007 – it was the most current non-original show to air on Nick at Nite, to this date, it continues to be their highest rated series and one of cables best for an off-network sitcom. Never a major hit in primetime, the became an unexpected success in syndication
37.
The Golden Girls
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The Golden Girls is an American sitcom created by Susan Harris that originally aired on NBC from September 14,1985, to May 9,1992, with a total of 180 half-hour episodes spanning over seven seasons. The show stars Beatrice Arthur, Betty White, Rue McClanahan and it was produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions, in association with Touchstone Television, and Paul Junger Witt, Tony Thomas, and Harris served as the original executive producers. The Golden Girls received critical acclaim throughout most of its run and won several awards and it also won three Golden Globe Awards for Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy. Each of the four received a Emmy Award, making it one of only three sitcoms in the awards history to achieve this. The series also ranked among the top-10 highest-rated programs for six of its seven seasons, in 2013, TV Guide ranked The Golden Girls number 54 on its list of the 60 Best Series of All Time. In 2014, the Writers Guild of America placed the sitcom at number 69 in their list of the 101 Best Written TV Series of All Time, the series revolves around four older, single women sharing a house in Miami, Florida. In the pilot episode, the three were joined by Dorothys 80-year-old mother, Sophia Petrillo, after the retirement home where she lived burned down. The pilot episode featured a gay character named Coco, who worked as a cook for the women, after six consecutive seasons in the top 10, and the seventh season at number 30, The Golden Girls came to an end when Bea Arthur chose to leave the series. In the hour-long series finale, which aired in May 1992, Dorothy meets and marries Blanches Uncle Lucas, Sophia was to join her, but in the end, Sophia stays behind with the other women in Miami, leading into the spin-off series, The Golden Palace. The series finale was watched by 27.2 million viewers, as of 2016, it was the 17th-most watched television finale. Stan and Dorothy eventually moved to Miami, but divorced after 38 years when Stan left her for a flight attendant. According to the timeline presented, Dorothy and Stan would have had three children, with their oldest son or daughter near 40 by the beginning of the series. However, due to a lack of continuity in the writing, Michael and Kate were repeatedly shown as being in their 20s during the run of the show, thus not being old enough to be the child with whom Dorothy got pregnant in high school. In the series episode, Dorothy marries Blanches uncle, Lucas Hollingsworth. Arthur also played Dorothys grandmother, Sophias mother, in an episode to when they lived in Brooklyn. Upon Charlies death, she moved to Miami and she eventually found work at a grief counseling center, though she later ended up as the assistant to a consumer reporter at a local TV station. In later seasons, Rose became romantically involved with college professor Miles Webber, during season six, Miles was placed into the Witness Protection Program, but returned later in the season. Their relationship continued throughout the series, and shortly into the sequel series, in season one, Rose is stated to be 55
38.
Miami Vice
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Miami Vice was an American television crime drama series created by Anthony Yerkovich and executive produced by Michael Mann for NBC. The series starred Don Johnson as James Sonny Crockett and Philip Michael Thomas as Ricardo Rico Tubbs, the series ran for five seasons on NBC from 1984 to 1989. The USA Network began airing reruns in 1988, and broadcast an originally unaired episode during its run of the series on January 25,1990. Unlike standard police procedurals, the show drew heavily upon 1980s New Wave culture, the show became noted for its integration of music and visual effects. It has been called one of the Top 50 TV Shows, people magazine stated that Miami Vice was the first show to look really new and different since color TV was invented. In 2016, television critics Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz ranked Miami Vice as the 51st greatest American television show of all time, Michael Mann directed a film adaptation of the series, which was released on July 28,2006. The initial idea was for a movie about a pair of cops in Miami. Yerkovich then turned out a script for a pilot, titled Gold Coast. Yerkovich was immediately drawn to South Florida as a setting for his new-style police show, Miami Vice was one of the first American network television programs to be broadcast in stereophonic sound. It was mixed in stereo for its run, but not actually broadcast in stereo until 1985. In keeping with the namesake, most episodes focused on combating drug trafficking. Episodes often ended in a gun battle, claiming the lives of several criminals before they could be apprehended. An undercurrent of cynicism and futility underlies the entire series, the detectives repeatedly reference the Whac-A-Mole nature of drug interdiction, with its parade of drug cartels quickly replacing those that are apprehended. Co-executive producer Yerkovich explained, The choice of music and cinematography borrowed heavily from the emerging New Wave culture of the 1980s, as such, segments of Miami Vice would sometimes use music-based stanzas, a technique later featured in Baywatch. As Lee H. Katzin, one of the directors, remarked, The show is written for an MTV audience. These elements made the series into an instant hit, and in its first season saw an unprecedented fifteen Emmy Award nominations, while the first few episodes contained elements of a standard police procedural, the producers soon abandoned them in favor of a more distinctive style. Influenced by an Art Deco revival, no earth tones were allowed to be used in the production, mickey Rourke was also considered for the role, but he turned down the offer. Larry Wilcox, of CHiPs, was also a candidate for the role of Crockett, after dozens of candidates and a twice-delayed pilot shooting, Don Johnson and Philip Michael Thomas were chosen as the vice cops
39.
The Rockford Files
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Garner portrays Los Angeles-based private investigator Jim Rockford with Noah Beery, Jr. in the supporting role of his father, a retired truck driver nicknamed Rocky. The show was created by Roy Huggins and Stephen J. Cannell, Huggins created the television show Maverick, which starred Garner, and he wanted to recapture that magic in a modern day detective setting. He teamed with Cannell, who had written for Jack Webb productions such as Adam-12 and Chase, the show was credited as A Public Arts/Roy Huggins Production along with Cherokee Productions in association with Universal Television. Cherokee was owned by Garner, with partners Meta Rosenberg and Juanita Bartlett, the series theme music by composers Mike Post and Pete Carpenter was released as a single and went to No.10 on the Billboard Hot 100, remaining on the chart for 16 weeks. And won a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement for 1975, in 2002, The Rockford Files was ranked No.39 on TV Guides 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. Rockford had served time in Californias San Quentin Prison in the 1960s due to a wrongful conviction, after five years, he was pardoned. His infrequent jobs as a private investigator barely allow him to maintain his dilapidated mobile home in a lot on a Malibu. In the television movies from 1994 to 1999, Rockford is living in a trailer that has been enlarged and remodeled. He rarely carries his Colt Detective Special revolver, for which he has no permit and he works on cold cases, missing persons investigations, and low-budget insurance scams, and repeatedly states that he does not handle open cases to avoid trouble with the police. He has been a P. I. since 1968, listed in the opening credits, James Garner as James Jim/Jimmy/Jimbo Scott Rockford Noah Beery, Jr. as Joseph Rocky Rockford, Jims father, a retired truck driver. Joe Santos as Sergeant Dennis Becker, Jims friend on the Los Angeles Police Department and he was promoted to lieutenant in season 5. Frequently recurring cast, Stuart Margolin as Evelyn Angel Martin, Jims former prison friend, Angel is an untrustworthy con artist who constantly gets Jim in trouble, yet Jim remains his friend. Gretchen Corbett as Elizabeth Beth Davenport, Jims lawyer and sometime girlfriend James Luisi as Lieutenant Douglas J. Doug Chapman and he and Jim despise each other. Tom Atkins as Lieutenant Alex / Thomas Diehl, Beckers superior officer who also has a relationship with Rockford. Luis Delgado as Officer Todd / Jack Billings, Rockford helps prove Fitch did not commit the crime for which he was sent to prison. Bo Hopkins as John Coop Cooper, Jims disbarred attorney friend Tom Selleck as Lance White, liked and admired by everyone but Jim, who considers him naive and lucky and likely to cause others to get hurt. Dennis Dugan as Richie Brockelman, a young, idealistic and naive private investigator who seeks Jims help from time to time, bereft of Jims cynicism and physical toughness, this character was spun off for the short-lived Richie Brockelman, Private Eye. Kathryn Harrold as Dr. Megan Dougherty, a blind psychiatrist who hires Jim and their relationship eventually blossoms into a romance
40.
Call girl
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The client must make an appointment, usually by calling a telephone number. Call girls may work either incall, where the client comes to them, or outcall, many call girl agencies and independent call girls have their own websites. The internet has become the medium through which customers find their desired escort. Generally, a picture of the woman is provided, and sometimes, the type of sexual services she is willing to offer
41.
Richard Rodgers
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Richard Charles Rodgers was an American composer of music for more than 900 songs and for 43 Broadway musicals. He also composed music for films and television and he is best known for his songwriting partnerships with the lyricists Lorenz Hart and Oscar Hammerstein II. His compositions have had a significant impact on popular music up to the present day and he has also won a Pulitzer Prize, making him one of two people to receive each award. Richard began playing the piano at age six,10, Townsend Harris Hall and DeWitt Clinton High School. Rodgers spent his teenage summers in Camp Wigwam where he composed some of his first songs. Rodgers, Lorenz Hart, and later collaborator Oscar Hammerstein II all attended Columbia University, at Columbia, Rodgers joined the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity. In 1921, Rodgers shifted his studies to the Institute of Musical Art, Rodgers was influenced by composers such as Victor Herbert and Jerome Kern, as well as by the operettas his parents took him to see on Broadway when he was a child. In 1919, Richard met Lorenz Hart, thanks to Phillip Leavitt, Rodgers and Hart struggled for years in the field of musical comedy, writing several amateur shows. They made their debut with the song Any Old Place With You. Their first professional production was the 1920 Poor Little Ritz Girl and their next professional show, The Melody Man, did not premiere until 1924. When he was just out of college Rodgers worked as director for Lew Fields. Among the stars he accompanied were Nora Bayes and Fred Allen, Rodgers was considering quitting show business altogether to sell childrens underwear, when he and Hart finally broke through in 1925. They wrote the songs for a show presented by the prestigious Theatre Guild, called The Garrick Gaieties. Only meant to run one day, the Guild knew they had a success, the shows biggest hit — the song that Rodgers believed made Rodgers and Hart — was Manhattan. The two were now a Broadway songwriting force, throughout the rest of the decade, the duo wrote several hit shows for both Broadway and London, including Dearest Enemy, The Girl Friend, Peggy-Ann, A Connecticut Yankee, and Present Arms. Their 1920s shows produced standards such as Here in My Arms, Mountain Greenery, Blue Room, My Heart Stood Still, with the Depression in full swing during the first half of the 1930s, the team sought greener pastures in Hollywood. Rodgers also wrote a melody for which Hart wrote three consecutive lyrics which either were cut, not recorded or not a hit, the fourth lyric resulted in one of their most famous songs, Blue Moon. In 1935, they returned to Broadway and wrote an almost unbroken string of hit shows that only with Harts death in 1943
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Grammy Award
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A Grammy Award, or Grammy, is an honor awarded by The Recording Academy to recognize outstanding achievement in the mainly English-language music industry. The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists, and the presentation of awards that have a more popular interest. It shares recognition of the industry as that of the other performance awards such as the Emmy Awards, the Tony Awards. The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4,1959, to honor, following the 2011 ceremony, The Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012. The 59th Grammy Awards, honoring the best achievements from October 2015 to September 2016, was held on February 12,2017, the Grammys had their origin in the Hollywood Walk of Fame project in the 1950s. The music executives decided to rectify this by creating a given by their industry similar to the Oscars. This was the beginning of the National Academy of Recording Arts, after it was decided to create such an award, there was still a question of what to call it, one working title was the Eddie, to honor the inventor of the phonograph, Thomas Edison. They finally settled on using the name of the invention of Emile Berliner, the gramophone, for the awards, the number of awards given grew and fluctuated over the years with categories added and removed, at one time reaching over 100. The second Grammy Awards, also held in 1959, was the first ceremony to be televised, the gold-plated trophies, each depicting a gilded gramophone, are made and assembled by hand by Billings Artworks in Ridgway, Colorado. In 1990 the original Grammy design was revamped, changing the traditional soft lead for a stronger alloy less prone to damage, Billings developed a zinc alloy named grammium, which is trademarked. The trophies with the name engraved on them are not available until after the award announcements. By February 2009,7,578 Grammy trophies had been awarded, the General Field are four awards which are not restricted by genre. Album of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a full album if other than the performer. Record of the Year is awarded to the performer and the team of a single song if other than the performer. Song of the Year is awarded to the writer/composer of a single song, Best New Artist is awarded to a promising breakthrough performer who releases, during the Eligibility Year, the first recording that establishes the public identity of that artist. The only two artists to win all four of these awards are Christopher Cross, who won all four in 1980, and Adele, who won the Best New Artist award in 2009 and the other three in 2012 and 2017. Other awards are given for performance and production in specific genres, as well as for other such as artwork. Special awards are given for longer-lasting contributions to the music industry, the many other Grammy trophies are presented in a pre-telecast Premiere Ceremony earlier in the afternoon before the Grammy Awards telecast
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9 to 5 (film)
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9 to 5 is a 1980 comedy film directed by Colin Higgins, written by Higgins and Patricia Resnick, and starring Jane Fonda, Lily Tomlin, Dolly Parton, and Dabney Coleman. The film concerns three working women living out their fantasies of getting even with, and their overthrow of. The film was a hit, grossing over $3.9 million in its opening weekend in the United States and is the 20th highest-grossing comedy film, as a star vehicle for Parton—already established as a successful singer and songwriter—it launched her permanently into mainstream popular culture. Although a television series of the name based on the film was less successful. 9 to 5 is number 74 on the American Film Institutes 100 Funniest Movies and is rated 82% fresh on Rotten Tomatoes, Judy Bernly is forced to find work after her husband, Dick, runs off with his secretary. Judy finds employment as a secretary at Consolidated Companies, Violet reveals to Judy that Hart is supposedly involved with his buxom secretary, Doralee Rhodes. Hart exploits and mistreats his female subordinates, with backstabbing and sexist remarks, when Violet discovers that a promotion she was hoping to receive was instead given to a man because of sexist hiring practices, she confronts Hart about it, as well as the rumors about Doralee. Violet storms off, stating that she needs a drink, Doralee takes Hart to task over his transgressions, informing him that she keeps a gun in her purse and will turn him from a rooster to a hen with one shot if his sexist behavior continues. She then also leaves, stating that she needs a drink, while there, the beginning of their friendship forms, and they share fantasies of getting revenge on Mr. The following day, a mix-up leads Violet to accidentally spike Harts coffee with rat poison, however, before he can drink the tainted coffee, Hart falls out of his desk chair and hits his head on the credenza desk, which knocks him out cold. On hearing he has rushed to the hospital, Violet, thinking he is sick from the accidental poisoning, rushes to the hospital with Judy. Soon they discover theyve stolen the body, so they smuggle it back into the hospital. Hart turns up alive the morning, much to the shock of Violet, Doralee. During a break in the room, the three speculate on what could have happened, but ultimately decide to consider themselves lucky and simply forget the whole matter. However, Roz, hiding in one of the stalls, overhears them and he confronts Doralee about the hospital incident and demands that she spend the night at his house, or hell have all three of them prosecuted for attempted murder. The three kidnap him and bring him to his Tudor-style mansion, keeping him prisoner in his bedroom while they find a way to blackmail him, the three women discover an embezzlement scheme, and must keep Hart tied up at home while they collect evidence on it. Harts so hated around the office that the person to question his absence is Roz. Meanwhile, as Judy is guarding Mr. Hart, her ex-husband, Dick and she refuses, forcefully throwing him out
44.
Carmen Sandiego (character)
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Carmen Isabela Sandiego is a fictional character featured in a long-running edutainment series of the same name. As a criminal mastermind and the nemesis of the ACME Detective Agency, Sandiego is the principal villain of the series. She is central to the series, which focused on teaching geography. The character later appeared in a series of books and many other licensed products, Most of her crimes involve spectacular and often impossible cases of theft. There are numerous discrepancies in the media depicting Carmen Sandiego. Minions seem to be more traditionally motivated, sometimes, she asserts that it is impossible for anyone to understand her or her motives and seems to revel at how difficult she can make it for anyone trying to figure her out. In the original 1985 Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego and this origin story was consistently maintained for over a decade, with one of the protagonists of Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego. Treasures of Knowledge being Carmens former partner, in both the animated TV series Where on Earth Is Carmen Sandiego. and in the video game Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego. Treasures of Knowledge, it is hinted that, despite her thieving ways. The character has, however, never been depicted turning back to the good side outright, in other media, however, the character seems more than willing to bring chaos and destruction upon the world. For example, many of the thefts committed in the Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego, Game show, such as stealing the history of medicine for example, would quite clearly cause millions to die, although this is never specifically stated. In Word Detective and Math Detective, she appears to be particularly fiendish, plotting to steal the concept of language in the former. This inconsistency in her portrayal is never explained, but it seems reasonable to assume that not all Carmen media is set in the fictional universe. In all canons, ACME Headquarters is located in San Francisco, Carmen was a brilliant agent for the ACME Detective Agency until she left and formed the Villains International League of Evil. Seeks to commit incredible thefts and/or cause chaos in other ways while ACME tries to thwart them, Carmen is incredibly, at times almost supernaturally, elusive and her permanent capture would be ACMEs holy grail. She was voiced by Rita Moreno in Where on Earth is Carmen Sandiego and this animated television series reveals a unique backstory about Carmen Sandiego. According to this canon, Carmen Sandiego was an orphan raised at the Golden Gate Girls School in San Francisco, the Chief gave her a home at the ACME Detective Agency and, by age seventeen, she solved more cases than any other ACME agent. However, she disappeared and turned to a life of crime
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