1.
Holycross
–
Holycross is a village and civil parish in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is one of 21 civil parishes in the barony of Eliogarty, unusually, the civil parish straddles two counties and the baronies of Eliogarty and of Middle Third. It is also a parish in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel. The village developed around the Cistercian Holy Cross Abbey on the River Suir and its population was 700 at the 2006 census. The Thurles to Clonmel via Cashel bus route serves Holycross, the nearest railway station is Thurles railway station at approximately 6 kilometres distance. Holy Cross Abbey was founded in 1180 by King Domnall Mór Ua Briain and was renovated and added to during the 15th century and it became a place of pilgrimage when a relic of the True Cross was presented to the Cistercian monks. The monastery was suppressed by King Henry VIII during the 16th century, the Abbey was abandoned circa 1650, fell into ruin. The late Dr. Thomas Morris, Archbishop of Cashel and Emly, the church of this Cistercian Abbey was re-roofed and restored to its former glory as one of the finest Irish 15th-century churches. The foundation in 1169 was originally by the Benedictine order, in 1975, on the restoration and reconsecration of the Abbey, an artifact, purportedly a relic of the true cross, was reinstated after several centuries. The relic was stolen, along with a number of items in October,2011. It was recovered and returned by Gardaí in January,2012, Holycross-Ballycahill GAA is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club. Holycross Football Club is a club for juvenile and adult players located on the Cashel Road. List of civil parishes of County Tipperary List of towns in the Republic of Ireland Putting the barony in its historico-geographical context, barony - an old administrative division. Eliogarty - one of 14 baronies in the old county, between Ikerrin to the north, Kilnamanagh Upper to the west and Middle Third to the south, Holycross Abbey website Holycross-Ballycahill GAA Club Holycross F. C. website
2.
Ireland
–
Ireland is an island in the North Atlantic. It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel, the Irish Sea, Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles, the third-largest in Europe, and the twentieth-largest on Earth. Politically, Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, in 2011, the population of Ireland was about 6.4 million, ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain. Just under 4.6 million live in the Republic of Ireland, the islands geography comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain, with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild, thick woodlands covered the island until the Middle Ages. As of 2013, the amount of land that is wooded in Ireland is about 11% of the total, there are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland. The Irish climate is moderate and classified as oceanic. As a result, winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area, however, summers are cooler than those in Continental Europe. Rainfall and cloud cover are abundant, the earliest evidence of human presence in Ireland is dated at 10,500 BC. Gaelic Ireland had emerged by the 1st century CE, the island was Christianised from the 5th century onward. Following the Norman invasion in the 12th century, England claimed sovereignty over Ireland, however, English rule did not extend over the whole island until the 16th–17th century Tudor conquest, which led to colonisation by settlers from Britain. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, with the Acts of Union in 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. Northern Ireland saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s and this subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973 the Republic of Ireland joined the European Economic Community while the United Kingdom, Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, especially in the fields of literature. Alongside mainstream Western culture, an indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music. The culture of the island shares many features with that of Great Britain, including the English language, and sports such as association football, rugby, horse racing. The name Ireland derives from Old Irish Eriu and this in turn derives from Proto-Celtic *Iveriu, which is also the source of Latin Hibernia. Iveriu derives from a root meaning fat, prosperous, during the last glacial period, and up until about 9000 years ago, most of Ireland was covered with ice, most of the time
3.
Devil's Bit
–
The Devils Bit is a mountain in County Tipperary, Ireland which is 478m above sea level at its highest elevation. It lies to the north-west of the town of Templemore, the mountain is usually ascended via the village of Barnane. There is a car park at the base near the village, according to local legend, the mountain got its name because the devil took a bite out of it. There is a gap in the mountain between one outcrop of rock and another small plateau. The bite the devil allegedly took made this gap, the legend suggests that the devil broke his teeth taking this bite and spat the Rock of Cashel from his mouth to where it now stands. The Book of Dimma was supposedly discovered in a cave on the mountain in 1789 and it is an illuminated manuscript copy of the four Gospels and was written in the monastery of St. Cronan in Roscrea some time during the 8th century. According to legend, Cronan ordered his scribe Dimma to produce the manuscript before sunset on that day. He then used miraculous powers to ensure that the sun did not set for forty days, the manuscript disappeared following the dissolution of the monasteries in the 16th century. The Book of Dimma is currently housed in the library of Trinity College Dublin, the mountain was the scene of a mass anti-tithe meeting on 25 July 1832. The meeting was part of a campaign of resistance to the payment of tithes to the Church of Ireland by the majority Catholic population. According to press reports of the time, over 50,000 people attended, Galway, although the attendance would have been larger had there not been confusion about whether or not the meeting was cancelled. Although local folklore states that Daniel O Connell attended the meeting, a semi-fictional account of the meeting was given by Samuel Lover in Legends and Stories of Ireland, where he refers to a mock burial of the tithes by local peasantry. The tower on the approach to the summit is known as Cardens Folly, the Cardens were an Anglo-Irish aristocratic family who arrived in Ireland during the seventeenth century. They purchased estates in Templemore and Barnane and became the landlords in the area in subsequent centuries. The most notable Carden was undoubtedly John Rutter Carden, better known as Woodcock, as well as constructing the folly, he built a magnificent family home on the lower slopes of the mountain. Although the house was demolished in the early 20th century, the ruins of the garden can still be seen. In 1854, Woodcock made an attempt to kidnap a lady, Eleanor Arbuthnot. A detailed history of the Carden family has been published by a descendant, a cross was erected on the Rock in 1953–1954 in celebration of the Marian Year dedicated by the Roman Catholic Church
4.
Templemore
–
Templemore is a town in County Tipperary, Ireland. It is a parish in the historical barony of Eliogarty. It is part of the parish of Templemore, Clonmore and Killea in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cashel, the 2011 Census results show that the towns population decreased by 13. 8% from 2,255 in 2006 to 1,943 in 2011. Templemore is the eighth largest town in County Tipperary, the N62 national route connects the town to the main Dublin-Limerick motorway and Roscrea north of the parish. Travelling south, the connects to Thurles and then the main Dublin-Cork motorway. To the east, the R433 connects the town to the M8/N8 at a more northerly point via the villages of Clonmore, Errill, alternatively, the motorway may be accessed via the village of Templetuohy. To the west, the R501, tracking the Devils Bit mountain range, Templemore railway station is on the Dublin-Cork railway line operated by Iarnród Éireann. The extent of Éile varied throughout the centuries with the rise, before the 5th century AD the details of its history which can be gleaned from surviving records and literature are exceedingly meagre, obscure and confusing. During this century however Éile appears to have reached its greatest extent, the ancient name of the district on which the town now stands was Tuatha Corca Teine. Teine was supposed to have been the son of the King of Connacht, monastic settlements were located at the site of Teines fort, Land of the Monks. A holy man named Silean is reputed to have accompanied St Patrick, there is no townland called Templemore. The townland on which the town is built is Kiltillane, meaning Saint Sheelans Church, with the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169, a powerful Norman family – the Butlers – became the new overlords. Early in the 14th century, they were raised to the Earldom of Ormond, as the holders of the County Palatine of Tipperary, they were entitled to appoint sheriffs and judges, and to gather certain classes of revenue that would normally have been due to the Crown. This privilege was withdrawn in 1715, the Blackcastle, as it is locally known, was built in the Town Park in 1450 by James Butler, 4th Earl of Ormond. This building and its lands were occupied by the Butlers and were later leased to the families of Purcell of Loughmore. The O′Fogarty clan held what is now the barony of Eliogarty, while to the north of them, the River Nore, at its position between Roscrea and Templemore, although just a small stream at this point, is usually taken as the southern limit of Ely OCarroll territory. Around 1695 the Butlers sold extensive lands to an English family called Carden from Cheshire, who settled in the area and also located at Barnane and Fishmoyne. Over the next 200 years, this family was to play a significant part in the development of the town and district which has the nickname of Cardens Wild Demesne, Templemore owes its improved state to the liberality and exertions of the John C
5.
Waterford
–
Waterford is a city in Ireland. It is in the South-East Region, Ireland and is part of the province of Munster, the city is situated at the head of Waterford Harbour. It is the oldest and the fifth most populous city in the Republic of Ireland and it is the eighth most populous city on the island of Ireland. Waterford City and County Council is the government authority for the city. Waterford is known for Waterford Crystal, a legacy of the citys former glass-making industry, according to the 2011 Census,65,928 people live in the Waterford Metropolitan District, however this figure does not include its suburbs in County Kilkenny and County Wexford. There are over 80,000 people within a 15 km radius of the city centre, with a population of 51,519, Waterford is the fifth most populous city in the State and the 32nd most populous area of local government. Following the Local Government Reform Act 2014, Waterford City and County Council is the government authority for the city. The authority came into operation on 1 June 2014, prior to this the city had its own local council, Waterford City Council. The new Council is the result of a merger of Waterford City Council, the Council has 32 representatives who are elected from five electoral areas. The city itself forms three of the electoral areas – which when combined form the Metropolitan District of Waterford –, residents in these areas are restricted to voting for candidates located in their ward for local elections. The office of the Mayor of Waterford was established in 1377, a mayor is then elected by the councillors from the two electoral areas of the Metropolitan District of Waterford every year, and there is no limit to the number of terms an individual may serve. Mary OHalloran who was mayor during 2007–2008 was the first woman to hold the post, the current mayor is Adam Wyse. The constituency elects four deputies to Dáil Éireann, there are no such ward restrictions for these elections and voters are entitled to vote for any candidate throughout the city and county. The name Waterford comes from Old Norse Veðrafjǫrðr, meaning ram fjord, the Irish name is Port Láirge, meaning Lárags port. Viking raiders first established a settlement near Waterford in 853 and it and all the other longphorts were vacated in 902, the Vikings having been driven out by the native Irish. Among the most prominent rulers of Waterford was Ivar of Waterford, in 1167, Diarmait Mac Murchada, the deposed King of Leinster, failed in an attempt to take Waterford. He returned in 1170 with Cambro-Norman mercenaries under Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, together they besieged, in furtherance of the Norman invasion of Ireland, King Henry II of England landed at Waterford in 1171. Waterford and then Dublin were declared cities, with Dublin also declared capital of Ireland
6.
Brown trout
–
The brown trout is a European species of salmonid fish that has been widely introduced into suitable environments globally. The latter migrates to the oceans for much of its life, Sea trout in the UK and Ireland have many regional names, including sewin, finnock, peal, mort, and white trout. The lacustrine morph of brown trout is most usually potamodromous, migrating from lakes into rivers or streams to spawn, S. trutta morpha fario forms stream-resident populations, typically in alpine streams, but sometimes in larger rivers. Anadromous and nonanadromous morphs coexisting in the river appear genetically identical. What determines whether or not they migrate remains unknown, the scientific name of the brown trout is Salmo trutta. The specific epithet derives from the Latin trutta, meaning, literally. Behnke relates that the trout was the first species of trout described in the 1758 edition of Systema Naturae by Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus. Systema Naturae established the system of nomenclature for animals. Salmo trutta was used to describe anadromous or sea-run forms of brown trout, Linnaeus also described two other brown trout species in 1758. Salmo fario was used for riverine forms, Salmo lacustris was used for lake-dwelling forms. The native range of brown trout extends from northern Norway and White Sea tributaries in Russia in the Arctic Ocean to the Atlas Mountains in North Africa. The western limit of their range is Iceland in the north Atlantic. Brown trout have been introduced into suitable environments around the world, including North and South America, Australasia, Asia. Introduced brown trout have established self-sustaining, wild populations in many introduced countries, by 1866,171 young brown trout were surviving in a Plenty River hatchery in Tasmania. Thirty-eight young trout were released in the river, a tributary of the River Derwent in 1866, by 1868, the Plenty River hosted a self-sustaining population of brown trout which became a brood source for continued introduction of brown trout into Australian and New Zealand rivers. Successful introductions into the Natal and Cape Provinces of South Africa took place in 1890 and 1892, by 1909, brown trout were established in the mountains of Kenya. The first introductions into the Himalayas in northern India took place in 1868, the first introductions in Canada occurred in 1886 in Newfoundland and continued through 1933. The only Canadian regions without brown trout are the Yukon and Northwest Territories, introductions into South America began in 1904 in Argentina
