1.
Mid-century modern
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Though the American component was slightly more organic in form and less formal than the International Style, it is more firmly related to it than any other. Brazilian and Scandinavian architects were influential at this time, with a style characterized by clean simplicity. Like many of Wrights designs, Mid-Century architecture was frequently employed in structures with the goal of bringing modernism into Americas post-war suburbs. This style emphasized creating structures with ample windows and open floor plans, with the intention of opening up interior spaces, many Mid-century houses utilized then-groundbreaking post and beam architectural design that eliminated bulky support walls in favor of walls seemingly made of glass. Function was as important as form in Mid-Century designs, with an emphasis placed specifically on targeting the needs of the average American family. George Fred Keck, his brother Willam Keck, Henry P. Glass, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, the city of Palm Springs, California is noted for its many examples of Mid-century modern architecture. Robinson House, Ambassador and Mrs. Walter H. Annenberg House William Krisel - Ocotillo Lodge, john Black Lee, Specialized in residential houses. M. Home developer, Alexander Homes, popularized this post-and-beam architectural style in the Coachella Valley, Alexander houses and similar homes feature low-pitched roofs, wide eaves, open-beamed ceilings, and floor-to-ceiling windows. E. Restoration projects have undertaken to return many of these residences and businesses to their original condition. Scandinavian design was influential at this time, with a style characterized by simplicity, democratic design. Glassware, ceramics, tableware, lighting, and furniture were some of the genres for the products created, on the West Coast of America the industrial designer and potter Edith Heath founded Heath Ceramics in 1948. The company was one of the originally numerous California pottery manufacturers that had their heyday in post-war USA, Edith Heaths Coupe line remains in demand and has been in constant production since 1948, with only periodic changes to the texture and color of the glazes. Printed ephemera documenting the mid-century transformations in urban development, architecture and they consisted primarily of national view-cards of North American cities, towns, buildings, monuments and civil and military infrastructures. Mid-century Linen Type postcards came about through innovations pioneered through the use of offset lithography, the cards were produced on paper with a high rag content, which gave the postcard a fabric type look and feel. At the time this was an expensive process. Along with advances in printing technique, Linen Type cards allowed for very vibrant ink colors, curt Teich in Chicago was the most prominent and largest printer and publisher of Linen Type postcards pioneering lithography with his Art Colortone process. The printing of mid-century Linen Type postcards began to give way in the late 1950s to Kodachrome and Ektachrome type glossy color prints, butterfly roof Case Study Houses Danish modern Dingbat Miami Modern Architecture Modern architecture Modernism Populuxe Greensberg, Cara. Mid-Century Modern, Furniture of the 1950s, lAs Early Moderns, Art, Architecture, Photography
2.
Jacksonville, Florida
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Jacksonville is a seaport city and the seat of Duval County, Florida, United States. With an estimated 868,031 residents as of 2015, Jacksonville is the most populous city in both the state of Florida and the southeastern United States. It is estimated to be the 12th most populous city in the United States and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,603,497 and is the 34th largest in the United States and fourth largest in the state of Florida. The city is situated on the banks of the St. Johns River, in the First Coast region of North Florida, prior to European settlement, the Jacksonville area was inhabited by Native American people known as the Timucua. In 1564, the French established the colony of Fort Caroline at the mouth of the St. Johns River. In 1822, a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain, Jacksonville is the cultural, commercial and financial center of North Florida. A major military and civilian deep-water port, the citys riverine location supports two United States Navy bases and the Port of Jacksonville, Floridas third largest seaport. The two US Navy bases, Blount Island Command and the nearby Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Jacksonville is also home to several colleges and universities, including University of North Florida, Jacksonville University and Florida State College at Jacksonville. The area of the city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. In the 16th century, the beginning of the era, the region was inhabited by the Mocama. At the time of contact with Europeans, all Mocama villages in present-day Jacksonville were part of the powerful chiefdom known as the Saturiwa, centered around the mouth of the St. Johns River. One early map shows a village called Ossachite at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville, French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562 calling it the River of May because he discovered it in May. Ribault erected a column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France. In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settlement, Fort Caroline, philip II of Spain ordered Pedro Menéndez de Avilés to protect the interest of Spain by attacking the French presence at Fort Caroline. On September 20,1565, a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline, the Spanish renamed the fort San Mateo, and following the ejection of the French, St. Augustines position as the most important settlement in Florida was solidified. The location of Fort Caroline is subject to debate but a reconstruction of the fort was established on the St. Johns River in 1964. Spain ceded Florida to the British in 1763 after the French and Indian War, the British introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber
3.
Florida
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Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
4.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
6.
Welton Becket
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Welton David Becket was an American architect who designed many buildings in Los Angeles, California. Becket was born in Seattle, Washington and graduated from the University of Washington program in Architecture in 1927 with a Bachelor of Architecture degree. He moved to Los Angeles in 1933 and formed a partnership with his University of Washington classmate Walter Wurdeman and Angelean architect Charles F. Plummer. Their first major commission was the Pan-Pacific Auditorium in 1935, which won them residential jobs from James Cagney, Robert Montgomery, the successor firm Wurdeman and Becket went on to design Bullocks Pasadena and a couple of corporate headquarters. In 1987, his firm was acquired by Ellerbe Associates, and the firm continued as Ellerbe Becket until the end of 2009. It is now known as Ellerbe Becket, an AECOM Company, with The Walt Disney Company and the United States Steel Corporation, Beckets firm co-designed Disneys Contemporary Resort, which opened in 1971 at Walt Disney World Resort. The Contemporary was designed as a 14-story steel A-frame with a monorail running through the building, Welton Becket was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1952. Beckets sons, Welton MacDonald Becket & Bruce Becket, are practicing architects. S
7.
KBJ Architects
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KBJ Architects, Inc. is an American architectural firm based in Jacksonville, Florida. The firm designed 17 of the citys 30 tallest buildings and created Jacksonvilles modern skyline, the firm designed the first high-rise in downtown Jacksonville, the 22-story Aetna Building, which opened in 1955. It took pride in having the second-largest number of architects of any Florida firm, in addition to works in Jacksonville, KBJ has worked extensively throughout north and central Florida, and to a lesser degree throughout the southeast United States. Clients include international and private corporations, developers, institutions, public authorities, as well as federal, state, the firm also developed the design standards for residential developments at the Deerwood Country Club and at Amelia Island Plantation north of Jacksonville. Roy A. Benjamin moved from Ocala to Jacksonville soon after the Great Fire of 1901 and designed many buildings in Jacksonville. His most famous structures were theaters, although most of them have since been demolished and he was one of Jacksonvilles most talented and prolific architects. KBJ Architects has been in practice for more than 6 decades and is the oldest architectural firm in Florida, the company also maintains a branch office in downtown Orlando, Florida. In June 2002, KBJ Architects, Rink Reynolds, Cannon Design, as a result, Peyton stopped all work on the project and terminated all consultants contracts for convenience, including Jacobs Facilities, Cannon and construction managers Skanska Dynamic Partners. The project was re-bid in 2006, and the City received two offers for a Design-Build solution and delivery of the project, the team of Perry-McCall Construction -The Auchter Company coupled with Architects Rink Design and DLR were initially awarded the contract. When it was discovered that the Auchter Company had financial troubles, a contract was signed with a budget of $350 million. Work was completed and the courthouse opened on June 18,2012, each of the founders focused on one aspect of the firm, which worked out superbly. Kemp specialized in the side of projects. Bunch was known for being the expert in the construction and technical aspects of architecture and he was also chairman of the Zoning and Building Codes Adjustment Board. He was chairman of the board that created Jacksonvilles first downtown development plan, william D. Kemp was less outgoing that his other partners. According to his son, Kemp believed that architecture should remain pure, as such, he limited his outside activities to his church, where he was very active, serving as a Senior Warden and Vestryman. Franklin Bunch was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1961, william K. Jackson was awarded the 1972 Architect Community Service Award by the Florida Association of the American Institute of Architects. The company received a award in 1992 from the Florida Association of the American Institute of Architects when KBJ Architects was named. Architecture of Jacksonville KBJ Architects, Inc. website American Institute of Architects KBJ Architects member info American Institute of Architects Jacksonville Chapter
8.
St. Johns River
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The St. Johns River is the longest river in the U. S. state of Florida and its most significant one for commercial and recreational use. At 310 miles long, it winds through or borders twelve counties, three of which are the states largest. The drop in elevation from headwaters to mouth is less than 30 feet, like most Florida waterways and it is notable among some that the rivers course flows north, a relatively rare characteristic. Numerous lakes are formed by the river or flow into it, the narrowest point is in the headwaters, an unnavigable marsh in Indian River County. The St. Johns drainage basin of 8,840 square miles includes some of Floridas major wetlands and it is separated into three major basins and two associated watersheds for Lake George and the Ocklawaha River, all managed by the St. Johns River Water Management District. It has been the subject of William Bartrams journals, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings books, when attention was turned to the state, however, much of the land was rapidly overdeveloped in a national zeal for progress. The St. Johns, like many Florida rivers, was altered to make way for agricultural and residential centers and it suffered severe pollution and human interference that has diminished the natural order of life in and around the river. In all,3.5 million people live within the watersheds that feed into the St. Johns River. The St. Johns, named one of 14 American Heritage Rivers in 1998, was included on a list of Americas Ten Most Endangered Rivers in 2008. Restoration efforts are under way for the basins around the St. Johns as Florida continues to deal with population increases in the rivers vicinity, starting in Indian River County and meeting the Atlantic Ocean at Duval County, the St. Johns is Floridas primary commercial and recreational waterway. It flows north from its headwaters, originating in the direction of the Lake Wales Ridge, because of this low elevation drop, the river has a long backwater. It ebbs and flows with tides that pass through the barrier islands, uniquely, it shares the same regional terrain as the parallel Kissimmee River, although the Kissimmee flows south. The St. Johns River is separated into three basins and two associated watersheds managed by the St. Johns River Water Management District, because the river flows in a northerly direction, the upper basin is located in the headwaters of the river at its southernmost point. Indian River County is where the river begins as a network of marshes, the St. Johns River is a blackwater stream, meaning that it is fed primarily by swamps and marshes lying beneath it, water seeps through the sandy soil and collects in a slight valley. The upper basin measures approximately 2,000 square miles, the St. Johns transforms into a waterway in Brevard County. The river touches on the borders of Osceola and Orange Counties, the upper basin of the St. Johns was significantly lowered in the 1920s with the establishment of the Melbourne Tillman drainage project. This drained the St. Johns headwaters eastward to the Indian River through canals dug across the Ten-Mile Ridge near Palm Bay, as of 2015, these past diversions are being partially reversed through the first phase of the Canal 1 Rediversion project. The river is at its narrowest and most unpredictable in this basin, channel flows are not apparent and are usually unmarked
9.
American Institute of Architects
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The American Institute of Architects is a professional organization for architects in the United States. The AIA also works with members of the design and construction team to help coordinate the building industry. The AIA is currently headed by Robert Ivy, FAIA as EVP/Chief Executive Officer and Thomas V. Vonier, wells, with Richard Upjohn serving as the first president. They met on February 23,1857 and decided to invite 16 other prominent architects to join them, including Alexander Jackson Davis, Thomas U. Prior to their establishment of the AIA, anyone could claim to be an architect and they drafted a constitution and bylaws by March 10,1857, under the name New York Society of Architects. Walter, of Philadelphia, later suggested the name be changed to American Institute of Architects, the members signed the new constitution on April 15,1857, having filed a certificate of incorporation two days earlier. As of 2008, AIA has more than 300 chapters, the AIA is headquartered at 1735 New York Avenue, NW in Washington, D. C. A design competition was held in the mid-1960s to select an architect for a new AIA headquarters in Washington, mitchell/Giurgola won the design competition but failed to get approval of the design concept from the United States Commission of Fine Arts. The firm resigned the commission and helped select The Architects Collaborative to redesign the building, the design, led by TAC principals Norman Fletcher and Howard Elkus, was ultimately approved in 1970 and completed in 1973. More than 90,000 licensed architects and associated professionals are members, AIA members adhere to a code of ethics and professional conduct intended to assure clients, the public, and colleagues of an architects dedication to the highest standards in professional practice. There are five levels of membership in the AIA, Architect members are licensed to practice architecture in the United States, international associate members hold an architecture license or the equivalent from a licensing authority outside the United States. Emeritus members have been AIA members for 15 successive years and are at least 65 years of age or are incapacitated, allied membership is a partnership with the AIA and the American Architectural Foundation. The AIA’s most prestigious honor is the designation of a member as a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and this membership is awarded to members who have made contributions of national significance to the profession. Slightly more than 2,600, or 2% of all members, have elevated to the AIA College of Fellows. Foreign architects of prominence may be elected to the College as Honorary Fellows of the AIA, the AIA is governed by a Board of Directors and has a staff of over 200 full-time employees. Although the AIA functions as an organization, at its heart are some 300 local. The components are spread throughout the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, Japan, by speaking with a united voice, AIA architects influence government practices that affect the practice of the profession and the quality of American life. The AIA monitors legislative and regulatory actions and uses the power of its membership to participate in decisionmaking by federal, state
10.
One Biscayne Tower
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One Biscayne Tower is an office skyscraper in Miami, Florida, United States. It is located on the edge of Downtown Miami, on South Biscayne Boulevard. It comprises Class A office space completely, the approximately 983,000 square feet building contains 39 floors and is 492 ft tall, to the roof. When built in 1972, it was the tallest building in Miami and it held this status until the Southeast Financial Center was topped off in 1984. The building, although short compared to many of the newer skyscrapers in Miami. It appears often on most postcards of the skyline and remains a building of Miami. For just this reason, it appears in a July 1973 article of National Geographic titled, the building itself was designed by the exiled Cuban architects Humberto P. Alonso, Pelayo G. Fraga & Associates and E. H. For their design, the received a 1973 Outstanding Concrete Structure in Florida award. One Biscayne Tower has won five Office Building of the Year Awards, including the 2007 Miami-Dade TOBY Award, list of tallest buildings in Miami One Biscayne Tower on Emporis
11.
Wells Fargo Center (Jacksonville)
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Wells Fargo Center is a skyscraper in the downtown area of Jacksonville, Florida, at the southeast corner of Bay and Laura streets. Standing 535 feet tall, it is the citys second-tallest building and it was formerly known as the Modis Building until 2011, when Wells Fargo acquired the naming rights. The tower was completed in 1974 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company and it was designed by KBJ Architects, who received the Honor Award for Outstanding Achievement in Design by the Jacksonville Chapter of the American Institute of Architects for the design. The design concept included a base and large corner frames to provide a distinctive image not only for the company. Beginning in 1995 Independent Life was acquired by the American General Life Insurance Company, the building was sold to Associated Capital Properties, and the Jacksonville staffing company AccuStaff moved in and acquired the naming rights, and it became the AccuStaff Building. In 2002, AccuStaff changed its name to MPS Group and it renamed the building the Modis Building, after one of the companys main brands, and added Modis signage. In 2009 MPS Group was acquired by the Swiss firm Adecco Group, the move was completed in 2011 and the signage was removed, and the building was renamed Independent Square. In May 2011, Wells Fargo, which had acquired the Wachovia financial services company, signage went up on the Wells Fargo Center on September 26 and the relocation completed by April 2012. The Wells Fargo Center has 37 floors, and held the title of tallest building in Florida until 1981 and it remained the tallest building in Jacksonville until 1990, when the Bank of America Tower surpassed it in height. The building takes up a city block in Jacksonvilles downtown. A notable feature of the structure is a four story atrium of tropical vegetation where the public enters, the first floor also contained an auditorium with seating for 360 patrons, a bank, restaurants, and several retail stores. Parkway Properties is a third-party service provider for the building, One major tenant in the Wells Fargo Center is the River Club of Jacksonville, a private business club that occupies the top two floors of the building. Originally known as the Jacksonville Businessmens Club, it was established in 1954 after the fashion of similar organizations in New York City, Chicago and Washington and it was formerly located on the 16th floor of the Prudential Building, the citys tallest building when it opened in 1955. It relocated to its current space in 1976, but did not offer memberships to women until 1985, the club has been owned and managed by a subsidiary of Gate Petroleum since 2003. Architecture of Jacksonville List of tallest buildings in Jacksonville List of tallest buildings in Florida Downtown Jacksonville Jacksonville River Club website
12.
Gate Petroleum
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Gate Petroleum is a privately held diversified corporation headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, the 11th largest in Florida in 2010. In FY2008, the company ranked #338 on the Forbes list of Americas Largest Private Companies, according to Forbes, it had sales of $1.44 billion and employed approximately 3,500 people, while Jacksonville Business Journal indicated 2,200 employees in that same year. Herbert Hill Peyton started the company in 1960 with a gas station on Jacksonvilles Northside. The company grew during the 1960s with additional stations in the southeast United States, the name Gate comes from the city of Jacksonvilles slogan, The Gateway to Florida. In response to the 1973 oil crisis, the company began to diversify, the first alternative investment was a 500-acre farm in nearby Hastings, Florida that grew potatoes. Overall, it was an investment, but the asset was eventually sold. Gate Roofing Company was created during 1978 in Green Cove Springs, the business was very successful and the plant was expanded and operated 24/7 before being sold to TAMKO Building Products in 1994. In the early 1980s, Peyton transformed the company from a retailer to a diversified conglomerate. He bought the Florida real estate holdings of Stockton, Whatley, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection purchased the property for $49 million that became the Guana River State Park. The initial segment of J. Turner Butler Boulevard was completed in 1979 and access to the Southpoint area was improved, Gate partnered with the Bryant Skinner Company in 1980 to create the 250-acre Southpoint office park. When manufacturer Houdaille-Duval decided to eliminate their Florida construction division in 1980, Gate purchased a Jacksonville prestressed concrete plant, the asphalt plants were sold a year later for a significant profit. Gate then offered $1 million for Houdaille-Duvals prestressed concrete plant in Houston, h-D accepted the offer, and both concrete plants are still Gate Concrete assets. Epping Forest, the 58-acre former estate of Alfred I. du Pont, was acquired from Raymond K. Mason in 1984 for $8 million, at the time, Mason was Chairman of the Charter Company, which was facing bankruptcy. In November 1990, the propertys 20-year-old crane, once the worlds largest, was sold to the China State Shipbuilding Corporation for $3 million and it was dismantled and shipped overseas. Gate purchased 28 7-Eleven convenience stores in Jacksonville and Alachua county in 1990, the Gulf Life Tower, one of Jacksonvilles tallest buildings, was on the market for nearly three years with an asking price of $30 million. Gate purchased it from American General Insurance in 1993 for less than $10 million, spent several million dollars to renovate it, in February 2008, Gate acquired 150 West Main Street, a 20-story office building in Norfolk, Virginia. Filling stations and convenience stores are still the business of the company. Elkins Constructors built the facility in 1999, the Peyton family owns 80% of the company, and the rest belongs to Brothers, long-term employees
13.
Gate River Run
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The Gate River Run, formerly known as the Jacksonville River Run, is an annual 15 kilometer road running event in Jacksonville, Florida that attracts both competitive and recreational runners. It has been the US National Championship 15K since 1994 and in 2007 became the largest 15K race in the country and it was voted one of the top US Road Races for last 20 years by Runners World Magazine. Local news media describe it as one of Jacksonvilles premiere annual events, the race was first held in 1978 when it was known as the Jacksonville River Run. The initial sponsor of the race was the Florida Publishing Co. which published the Florida Times-Union, an inspiration for the race was the Peachtree Road Race, a 10,000 meter road race sponsored for several years by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. An initial planning meeting was held at the Jacksonville YMCA, with representatives of the Y, the newspaper and members of the Jacksonville Track Club. The 15, 000-meter distance was proposed, to distinguish the race from the Atlanta race, the course crosses two major bridges spanning the St. Johns River, giving the race its name. Running legend Bill Rodgers, who is a winner of both the New York City and Boston Marathons, won the first River Run. He was invited by the organizers, pending an appearance fee of $1,000, there was no other appearance or prize money offered. Rodgers powerful victory helped catapult the event into the national running consciousness, on the womens side, Kim Merritt, a national-class runner in a period when women were first beginning to be taken seriously at longer distances, took home the distaff honors. Gate Petroleum became the sponsor in 1994. Todd Williams holds the American 15K record with a time of 42,22 at the 1995 GRR, shalane Flanagan, won in 2014 and set the new womens record with 47,00. Before that, Deena Drossin, who has won the GRR six times, an equalizer was added in 2004. The difference in time between the womens and mens 15K national records was 4,53, so the elite women runners got a head start on the elite men. The first finisher, man or woman, receives a $5,000 bonus, even so, the women had only won the prize once. In 2012, the equalizer was increased to 6,35, in 2013, total prize money exceeded $85,000, including bonus money for record-breaking performances. The event has prize money than any major non-marathon event in the United States. There are separate but equal awards for men and women individuals, teams, live bands perform at locations along the race course and the finish line is beside Everbank Field. Special running caps are given to the top 10 percent of racers, there is a 3-day runners expo, with dozens of vendor representatives promoting running and health-related products
14.
Downtown Jacksonville
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Downtown Jacksonville is the historic core and central business district of Jacksonville, Florida USA. It comprises the earliest area of the city to be developed and is located in its center along the narrowing point of the St. Johns River. The area features offices for major corporations such as CSX Corporation, Fidelity National Financial, EverBank, Bank of America, Prudential Financial, Wells Fargo, AT&T, histories of the city report that there was once an Indian village at the site called Ossachite. White settlement in the area began during Floridas British period, when the East Florida government built the Kings Road to connect St. Augustine with the British colonies to the north. A ferry and tavern were built, and when Spanish rule resumed in Florida, the settlement that became Jacksonville largely formed from two land grants issued in 1816, one to Maria Taylor, née Suarez, and one to Juan LeMaestre. Hart eventually convinced his neighbors to join him in donating land for the venture, the settlement was named Jacksonville after Andrew Jackson, who had become popular among many Floridians for his actions in the First Seminole War. The town grew in fits and starts, it saw disruption during the Second Seminole War, during the American Civil War, Jacksonville was home to many Union sympathizers, and was occupied for most of the war by Union troops who took the city four separate times. The war devastated Jacksonville and caused half the population to flee. On May 3,1901, downtown Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire started at a fiber factory. Known as the Great Fire of 1901, it was one of the worst disasters in Florida history, in just eight hours, it destroyed the business district and left approximately 10,000 residents homeless. Architect Henry John Klutho was a figure in the reconstruction of the city. Multiple definitions of Downtown Jacksonville are in common use, often, the name Downtown is used exclusively for the historical core. This is bounded roughly by State Street to the north, Hogans Creek to the east, the St. Johns River to the south, and this definition is used, for example, by the Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission and their book, Jacksonvilles Architectural Heritage. However, the City of Jacksonville and other use a wider definition that includes not only the Downtown Core. In this definition, the boundaries are State Street to the north, the St. Johns River to the east, under the broader definition, Downtown Jacksonville is divided into several districts or neighborhood. In addition to the historical Downtown Core, the most commonly used districts are, the Southbank, also known as the Northbank, is Jacksonvilles traditional city center and what most people associate with Downtown and Jacksonville in general. The Downtown Core is sometimes divided into additional, smaller districts. Downtown Vision, Inc. refers to the blocks to north of Church Street, the City of Jacksonvilles Downtown Master Plan further restricts the Central Civic Core to south of Church Street and east of Main Street, separating the rest of the area into other districts
15.
Aetna Building
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The Aetna Building is a 309 feet, 22-floor highrise building in downtown Jacksonville, Florida. It is also known as Prudential Plaza I or One Prudential Plaza and it is named for Aetna, which has presence in the building. Completed in 1955, it was the tallest building in the city for 13 years until surpassed by the Riverplace Tower and it was The Tallest Office Building in the South and the tallest in Florida until NASAs Vehicle Assembly Building was completed in 1965. Originally known as the Prudential Building, it was constructed in 1955 for Prudential Insurance, construction materials included Alabama limestone, North Carolina pink granite and Georgia marble. The 13-acre property is situated on the south/east bank of the St. Johns River, a 2-ton piece of the Rock of Gibraltar, once in the lobby, is now found in the courtyard on the riverfront. The building was used as background in scenes from the film, a sister building, Prudential Plaza II, was constructed next door in 1985. The Prudential Building underwent a renovation in 1988. Ocwen Financial Corp. completed the $36 million purchase of the Prudential Plaza One building in August,1998, in 1999, Aetna acquired the Prudential HealthCare business for $1 billion, and the signage was changed to Aetna. The building is known as Prudential Plaza I. Another major renovation was completed in 2002 after 153,000 sq ft was vacated by Aetna, the makeover also included construction of a 1, 100-space parking garage by Elkins Constructors. On February 21,2002 the Prudential Plaza I building was renamed 841 Prudential Drive, on January 23,2004, Ocwen sold 841 Prudential Drive to South Shore Group for $39 million. The buildings name reverted to Aetna Building, the project will use a design similar to that used by South Beach marinas. Landscape and lighting improvements will be made to the existing Jacksonville Riverwalk, permits from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the United States Army Corps of Engineers had already been obtained. The building was the home of what is now the River Club of Jacksonville. The 12th floor is occupied by the Regus Aetna Center, which provides executive office suites to businesses needing temporary office space, architecture of Jacksonville List of tallest buildings in Jacksonville List of tallest buildings in Florida Downtown Jacksonville Emporis Buildings, Jacksonville-One Prudential Plaza
16.
Tourist attraction
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Factory tours, industrial heritage, creative art and crafts workshops are the object of cultural niches like industrial tourism and creative tourism. Many tourist attractions are also landmarks, tourist attractions are also created to capitalise on legends such as a supposed UFO crash site near Roswell, New Mexico and the alleged Loch Ness monster sightings in Scotland. Ghost sightings also make tourist attractions, ethnic communities may become tourist attractions, such as Chinatowns in the United States and the black British neighbourhood of Brixton in London, England. In the US, owners and marketers of attractions advertise tourist attractions on billboards along the side of highways and roadways, tourist attractions often provide free promotional brochures and flyers in information centres, fast food restaurants, hotel and motel rooms or lobbies, and rest area. Such places are known as tourist traps. Within cities such transport tourist attractions as rides by boats and buses are very popular, novelty attractions are not limited to the American Midwest, but are part of Midwestern culture. It may contain one or more tourist attractions and possibly some tourist traps, siem Reap town for example is a popular tourist destination in Cambodia, mainly owed to its proximity to Angkor temples. A tropical island resort is an island or archipelago that also depends on tourism as its source of revenue, according to the World Tourism Organization, •698 million people travelled to a foreign country in 2000, spending more US$478 billion. Lists of tourist attractions Attractions at DMOZ
17.
Acosta Bridge
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The St. Elmo W. Acosta Bridge Bridge spans the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida on a fixed span. It was named for City Councilman St. Elmo W. Acosta and it carries SR13 with the two-track Jacksonville Skyway in the median. Prior to its replacement in 1991, the bridge, originally called St. Tolls were charged until 1940, at some time in 1991, the original bridge was closed to allow construction of the new one to proceed. Despite being a freeway, bicycles are permitted on the lanes of the bridge. The Acosta Bridge is also notable because of the neon lights that illuminate it at night. Although as of 2/11/2015, the Jacksonville Transportation Authority has announced that theyll be off indefinitely with no date on the books citing a lack of funding for repairs. The original north approach was a T-shaped viaduct, with the ending at Riverside Avenue. Just southwest of the Acosta Bridge, Riverside Avenue passed over the adjacent Florida East Coast Railway bridge approach, when the bridge was rebuilt, the intersection was rebuilt as a semi-directional T interchange. Direct high-speed connections were provided between the bridge and both directions on Riverside Avenue, as well as a ramp from the bridge to the intersection of Broad Street. The bridge originally emptied out on Miami Road just west of San Marco Boulevard, with a continuation, at least southbound, SR13 went south on San Marco Boulevard, and was later changed to go east on Miami Road. Around 1958, a system of freeways was built in Jacksonville, the old approach became southbound only, and northbound access was provided at Mary Street, two blocks north of Miami Road. A northbound exit was provided at Mary Street for traffic coming from the south. No southbound entrance was provided, but the adjacent Main Street Bridge approach provided access in that direction, when the bridge was rebuilt, the south approach was kept almost identical. The only real difference was a new onramp from Museum Circle. The popular Diamond Head Lobster House was in its path and had to be demolished
18.
Buckman Bridge
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The Henry Holland Buckman Bridge carries I-295 West Beltway traffic over the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. It was named for Henry Holland Buckman, a prominent legislator, prior to 1970, travel across the St. Johns River from Orange Park to Mandarin was a journey. One route involved driving north to downtown Jacksonville, crossing the Fuller Warren Bridge, then driving south, a distance of nearly 30 miles and an hour of travel time. The alternative was to drive south to Green Cove Springs and across the planks of the Shands Bridge. Construction began, but the first concrete pilings exploded days after they were poured, investigation revealed that the heat generated from the curing concrete increased Anaerobic digestion by bacteria in the brackish water and generated methane gas. The engineers were forced to change their construction method, the bridge is of beam-type construction, approximately 3.1 miles in length, and travels roughly east-west. The eastbound and westbound lanes are built on separate bridge structures, average daily traffic in 1996 was estimated at 78,000 vehicles. In 1995, the bridge was expanded from two lanes in each direction with partial breakdown lanes to four lanes in each direction with full breakdown lanes, a Florida Department of Transportation study in September,1997 counted 110,743 vehicles. With busy exits within a mile of either end of the bridge. Downtown Jacksonville and Naval Air Station Jacksonville are visible from the bridge to the north, on a clear day, the Seminole Electric power plant in Palatka can be seen to the south of the bridge. While rarely closed for weather, two situations have made necessary, Tropical Storm Fay and prolonged freezing conditions. During tropical storms or hurricanes, sustained winds of over 40 miles per hour are considered hazardous, on December 23,1989 the temperature dropped to 26° and precipitation changed from rain to sleet to snow, which lasted for several days. All the bridges in Jacksonville were impassable and closed for more than 24 hours, except for the original St. Elmo W. Acosta Bridge, bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. Johns River Nautical Chart
19.
Dames Point Bridge
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The Dames Point Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge over the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida on the Interstate 295 East Beltway. Construction began in 1985 and was completed in 1989, the main span is 1,300 feet, and is 175 feet high. The bridge was designed by HNTB Corporation and RS&H, Inc, the Massman Construction Company built the bridge. The bridges cables are arranged on multiple vertical planes in a modification to the harp stay arrangement. Until the 2003 completion of the Sidney Lanier Bridge in Brunswick and it remains is one of the largest cable-stayed bridges built in the United States having 21 miles of cable. Rescuers rappelled down the side of the bridge to the workers, the story of this rescue effort was aired on Rescue 911 on September 12 of the same year. Bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. com
20.
Fuller Warren Bridge
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The Fuller Warren Bridge is a prestressed concrete girder bridge that carries Interstate 95 across the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. The current bridge was completed in October 2002, replacing the bascule bridge span completed in 1954. The current bridge was designed by HNTB Corporation in 1990 and built by Balfour Beatty Construction, the entire bridge is over 7,500 ft. long, with a main span of 250 feet, and a vertical clearance of 75 ft. The bridge now carries eight lanes across the span, the bridge is named after former Florida governor Fuller Warren, former member and eventual denouncer of the KKK, who held the office from 1949 to 1953. He had previously served as a member of the Jacksonville City Council from 1931 to 1937, the original bascule bridge was tolled until 1988, when the city of Jacksonville abolished toll collections. Increasing wear from heavy traffic, including a 1993 incident in which a 3 square feet fragment of concrete broke loose and it was permanently closed June 13,2001, when all traffic was moved to the new Fuller Warren Bridge. After delays in removal because of legal and environmental concerns, the Florida Department of Transportation used explosives to complete demolition of the old bridge on February 17,2007. Conversion from the old Fuller Warren Bridge to the new one began with one lane of southbound I-95 traffic on April 16,2000. The new bridge, built at a cost of approximately $100 million, was opened to all eight lanes in late 2002 and formally dedicated on January 13,2003
21.
Hart Bridge
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The Isaiah David Hart Bridge is a truss bridge that spans the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. It carries U. S. Route 1 Alternate and State Road 228 and it is named after Isaiah Hart, the founder of Jacksonville. It was designed by Sverdrup & Parcel, the bridge has traditionally been painted green and is often referred to as The Green Monster by locals. The westbound end of the bridge delivers drivers to downtown Jacksonville or Martin Luther King Expressway, the stretch of highway between downtown and Beach Blvd. is known as the Commodore Point Expressway, but more commonly referred to by locals as the Hart Bridge Expressway. The bridge is a cantilever bridge which is a type of continuous truss bridge. The bridges main span is uncommon for a bridge in that the truss over the main channel tapers upward. Bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. Johns River Isaiah D. Hart Bridge at Structurae City of Jacksonville article about the bridges
22.
Main Street Bridge (Jacksonville)
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The Main Street Bridge, officially the John T. Alsop Jr. Bridge, is a bridge crossing the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. It was the bridge built across the river. It carries four lanes of traffic, and is signed as US 1/US90, a lift bridge, it opened in July 1941 at a cost of $1.5 million. In 1957 it was named after Mayor John T. Alsop, Jr. but continues to be known, even on road signs and it remains one of the most recognizable features of the Downtown Jacksonville skyline. When the bridge was first built, its end was at the intersection of Main Street. Traffic continued north on Main Street, with a pair being made at some point, after that, northbound traffic turned right on Water Street. In 1978, several bridges and ramps were built. Main Street now goes over Water Street, and a ramp now carries all traffic from the bridge diagonally into Ocean Street, ramps provide access to and from Water Street. The bridge originally ended at Miami Road, in 1968, a flyover was built between the ramps to I-95 and the bridge, with frontage roads continuing to serve Miami Road and several other cross streets. Thus there is now uninterrupted traffic flow from I-95 to the Main Street Bridge, the bridge opens at half past the hour. Media related to Main Street Bridge at Wikimedia Commons
23.
Mathews Bridge
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The Mathews Bridge is a cantilever bridge in Jacksonville, Florida, which spans the St. Johns River. Constructed in 1953, the bridge brings traffic along the Arlington Expressway between downtown Jacksonville and the Arlington neighborhood and it was named after John E. Mathews, a Florida state legislator and Chief Justice of the 1955 Florida Supreme Court who helped gather funding for the bridges construction. Originally silver in color, the bridge was painted maroon in 1984 in celebration of Jacksonvilles United States Football League franchise and this 12.9 million dollar project replaced the existing open grate bridge deck previously on Mathews Bridge with an Exodermic Deck resulting in a concrete riding surface. The bridge had a notoriously problematic grating in the center span, after the previous grating wore out, a new one was installed, causing drivers to complain that the replacement was slippery and difficult to cross. That grating was replaced with a new, state of the art grating and this initially only resulted in reducing the speed limit and roughing up the grating. In 2007, the bridge underwent construction to replace the open grating over the span with a concrete riding surface. In the early afternoon on September 26,2013, the Military Sealift Command ship USNS 1st, lt. Harry L. Martin allided with the center span of the Mathews Bridge. The damage caused to the bridge was sufficient that it was closed indefinitely until it could be inspected and repaired, following repairs, the Mathews Bridge reopened in the early morning of October 29,2013. Part of the reason of the accident was because the height of the bridge was incorrect. The bridge owners notified the Coast Guard that the bridge was surveyed and this new measurement is 6 feet lower than the previously published height. The bridge is mentioned in the Limp Bizkit song My Generation, in the vocalist Fred Dursts opening monologue, he invites drummer John Otto to Take em to the Mathews Bridge, preceding the latters drum solo. Also, This bridge was seen in Need for Speed, Carbon except. Bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. Johns River Local news articles on the Mathews Bridge
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