1.
Mid-century modern
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Though the American component was slightly more organic in form and less formal than the International Style, it is more firmly related to it than any other. Brazilian and Scandinavian architects were influential at this time, with a style characterized by clean simplicity. Like many of Wrights designs, Mid-Century architecture was frequently employed in structures with the goal of bringing modernism into Americas post-war suburbs. This style emphasized creating structures with ample windows and open floor plans, with the intention of opening up interior spaces, many Mid-century houses utilized then-groundbreaking post and beam architectural design that eliminated bulky support walls in favor of walls seemingly made of glass. Function was as important as form in Mid-Century designs, with an emphasis placed specifically on targeting the needs of the average American family. George Fred Keck, his brother Willam Keck, Henry P. Glass, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, the city of Palm Springs, California is noted for its many examples of Mid-century modern architecture. Robinson House, Ambassador and Mrs. Walter H. Annenberg House William Krisel - Ocotillo Lodge, john Black Lee, Specialized in residential houses. M. Home developer, Alexander Homes, popularized this post-and-beam architectural style in the Coachella Valley, Alexander houses and similar homes feature low-pitched roofs, wide eaves, open-beamed ceilings, and floor-to-ceiling windows. E. Restoration projects have undertaken to return many of these residences and businesses to their original condition. Scandinavian design was influential at this time, with a style characterized by simplicity, democratic design. Glassware, ceramics, tableware, lighting, and furniture were some of the genres for the products created, on the West Coast of America the industrial designer and potter Edith Heath founded Heath Ceramics in 1948. The company was one of the originally numerous California pottery manufacturers that had their heyday in post-war USA, Edith Heaths Coupe line remains in demand and has been in constant production since 1948, with only periodic changes to the texture and color of the glazes. Printed ephemera documenting the mid-century transformations in urban development, architecture and they consisted primarily of national view-cards of North American cities, towns, buildings, monuments and civil and military infrastructures. Mid-century Linen Type postcards came about through innovations pioneered through the use of offset lithography, the cards were produced on paper with a high rag content, which gave the postcard a fabric type look and feel. At the time this was an expensive process. Along with advances in printing technique, Linen Type cards allowed for very vibrant ink colors, curt Teich in Chicago was the most prominent and largest printer and publisher of Linen Type postcards pioneering lithography with his Art Colortone process. The printing of mid-century Linen Type postcards began to give way in the late 1950s to Kodachrome and Ektachrome type glossy color prints, butterfly roof Case Study Houses Danish modern Dingbat Miami Modern Architecture Modern architecture Modernism Populuxe Greensberg, Cara. Mid-Century Modern, Furniture of the 1950s, lAs Early Moderns, Art, Architecture, Photography
2.
Jacksonville, Florida
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Jacksonville is a seaport city and the seat of Duval County, Florida, United States. With an estimated 868,031 residents as of 2015, Jacksonville is the most populous city in both the state of Florida and the southeastern United States. It is estimated to be the 12th most populous city in the United States and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. The Jacksonville metropolitan area has a population of 1,603,497 and is the 34th largest in the United States and fourth largest in the state of Florida. The city is situated on the banks of the St. Johns River, in the First Coast region of North Florida, prior to European settlement, the Jacksonville area was inhabited by Native American people known as the Timucua. In 1564, the French established the colony of Fort Caroline at the mouth of the St. Johns River. In 1822, a year after the United States gained Florida from Spain, Jacksonville is the cultural, commercial and financial center of North Florida. A major military and civilian deep-water port, the citys riverine location supports two United States Navy bases and the Port of Jacksonville, Floridas third largest seaport. The two US Navy bases, Blount Island Command and the nearby Naval Submarine Base Kings Bay, Jacksonville is also home to several colleges and universities, including University of North Florida, Jacksonville University and Florida State College at Jacksonville. The area of the city of Jacksonville has been inhabited for thousands of years. In the 16th century, the beginning of the era, the region was inhabited by the Mocama. At the time of contact with Europeans, all Mocama villages in present-day Jacksonville were part of the powerful chiefdom known as the Saturiwa, centered around the mouth of the St. Johns River. One early map shows a village called Ossachite at the site of what is now downtown Jacksonville, French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562 calling it the River of May because he discovered it in May. Ribault erected a column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France. In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settlement, Fort Caroline, philip II of Spain ordered Pedro Menéndez de Avilés to protect the interest of Spain by attacking the French presence at Fort Caroline. On September 20,1565, a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline, the Spanish renamed the fort San Mateo, and following the ejection of the French, St. Augustines position as the most important settlement in Florida was solidified. The location of Fort Caroline is subject to debate but a reconstruction of the fort was established on the St. Johns River in 1964. Spain ceded Florida to the British in 1763 after the French and Indian War, the British introduced the cultivation of sugar cane, indigo and fruits as well the export of lumber
3.
Florida
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Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
4.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
6.
Gate Petroleum
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Gate Petroleum is a privately held diversified corporation headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, the 11th largest in Florida in 2010. In FY2008, the company ranked #338 on the Forbes list of Americas Largest Private Companies, according to Forbes, it had sales of $1.44 billion and employed approximately 3,500 people, while Jacksonville Business Journal indicated 2,200 employees in that same year. Herbert Hill Peyton started the company in 1960 with a gas station on Jacksonvilles Northside. The company grew during the 1960s with additional stations in the southeast United States, the name Gate comes from the city of Jacksonvilles slogan, The Gateway to Florida. In response to the 1973 oil crisis, the company began to diversify, the first alternative investment was a 500-acre farm in nearby Hastings, Florida that grew potatoes. Overall, it was an investment, but the asset was eventually sold. Gate Roofing Company was created during 1978 in Green Cove Springs, the business was very successful and the plant was expanded and operated 24/7 before being sold to TAMKO Building Products in 1994. In the early 1980s, Peyton transformed the company from a retailer to a diversified conglomerate. He bought the Florida real estate holdings of Stockton, Whatley, the Florida Department of Environmental Protection purchased the property for $49 million that became the Guana River State Park. The initial segment of J. Turner Butler Boulevard was completed in 1979 and access to the Southpoint area was improved, Gate partnered with the Bryant Skinner Company in 1980 to create the 250-acre Southpoint office park. When manufacturer Houdaille-Duval decided to eliminate their Florida construction division in 1980, Gate purchased a Jacksonville prestressed concrete plant, the asphalt plants were sold a year later for a significant profit. Gate then offered $1 million for Houdaille-Duvals prestressed concrete plant in Houston, h-D accepted the offer, and both concrete plants are still Gate Concrete assets. Epping Forest, the 58-acre former estate of Alfred I. du Pont, was acquired from Raymond K. Mason in 1984 for $8 million, at the time, Mason was Chairman of the Charter Company, which was facing bankruptcy. In November 1990, the propertys 20-year-old crane, once the worlds largest, was sold to the China State Shipbuilding Corporation for $3 million and it was dismantled and shipped overseas. Gate purchased 28 7-Eleven convenience stores in Jacksonville and Alachua county in 1990, the Gulf Life Tower, one of Jacksonvilles tallest buildings, was on the market for nearly three years with an asking price of $30 million. Gate purchased it from American General Insurance in 1993 for less than $10 million, spent several million dollars to renovate it, in February 2008, Gate acquired 150 West Main Street, a 20-story office building in Norfolk, Virginia. Filling stations and convenience stores are still the business of the company. Elkins Constructors built the facility in 1999, the Peyton family owns 80% of the company, and the rest belongs to Brothers, long-term employees
7.
Welton Becket
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Welton David Becket was an American architect who designed many buildings in Los Angeles, California. Becket was born in Seattle, Washington and graduated from the University of Washington program in Architecture in 1927 with a Bachelor of Architecture degree. He moved to Los Angeles in 1933 and formed a partnership with his University of Washington classmate Walter Wurdeman and Angelean architect Charles F. Plummer. Their first major commission was the Pan-Pacific Auditorium in 1935, which won them residential jobs from James Cagney, Robert Montgomery, the successor firm Wurdeman and Becket went on to design Bullocks Pasadena and a couple of corporate headquarters. In 1987, his firm was acquired by Ellerbe Associates, and the firm continued as Ellerbe Becket until the end of 2009. It is now known as Ellerbe Becket, an AECOM Company, with The Walt Disney Company and the United States Steel Corporation, Beckets firm co-designed Disneys Contemporary Resort, which opened in 1971 at Walt Disney World Resort. The Contemporary was designed as a 14-story steel A-frame with a monorail running through the building, Welton Becket was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1952. Beckets sons, Welton MacDonald Becket & Bruce Becket, are practicing architects. S
8.
KBJ Architects
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KBJ Architects, Inc. is an American architectural firm based in Jacksonville, Florida. The firm designed 17 of the citys 30 tallest buildings and created Jacksonvilles modern skyline, the firm designed the first high-rise in downtown Jacksonville, the 22-story Aetna Building, which opened in 1955. It took pride in having the second-largest number of architects of any Florida firm, in addition to works in Jacksonville, KBJ has worked extensively throughout north and central Florida, and to a lesser degree throughout the southeast United States. Clients include international and private corporations, developers, institutions, public authorities, as well as federal, state, the firm also developed the design standards for residential developments at the Deerwood Country Club and at Amelia Island Plantation north of Jacksonville. Roy A. Benjamin moved from Ocala to Jacksonville soon after the Great Fire of 1901 and designed many buildings in Jacksonville. His most famous structures were theaters, although most of them have since been demolished and he was one of Jacksonvilles most talented and prolific architects. KBJ Architects has been in practice for more than 6 decades and is the oldest architectural firm in Florida, the company also maintains a branch office in downtown Orlando, Florida. In June 2002, KBJ Architects, Rink Reynolds, Cannon Design, as a result, Peyton stopped all work on the project and terminated all consultants contracts for convenience, including Jacobs Facilities, Cannon and construction managers Skanska Dynamic Partners. The project was re-bid in 2006, and the City received two offers for a Design-Build solution and delivery of the project, the team of Perry-McCall Construction -The Auchter Company coupled with Architects Rink Design and DLR were initially awarded the contract. When it was discovered that the Auchter Company had financial troubles, a contract was signed with a budget of $350 million. Work was completed and the courthouse opened on June 18,2012, each of the founders focused on one aspect of the firm, which worked out superbly. Kemp specialized in the side of projects. Bunch was known for being the expert in the construction and technical aspects of architecture and he was also chairman of the Zoning and Building Codes Adjustment Board. He was chairman of the board that created Jacksonvilles first downtown development plan, william D. Kemp was less outgoing that his other partners. According to his son, Kemp believed that architecture should remain pure, as such, he limited his outside activities to his church, where he was very active, serving as a Senior Warden and Vestryman. Franklin Bunch was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1961, william K. Jackson was awarded the 1972 Architect Community Service Award by the Florida Association of the American Institute of Architects. The company received a award in 1992 from the Florida Association of the American Institute of Architects when KBJ Architects was named. Architecture of Jacksonville KBJ Architects, Inc. website American Institute of Architects KBJ Architects member info American Institute of Architects Jacksonville Chapter
9.
St. Johns River
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The St. Johns River is the longest river in the U. S. state of Florida and its most significant one for commercial and recreational use. At 310 miles long, it winds through or borders twelve counties, three of which are the states largest. The drop in elevation from headwaters to mouth is less than 30 feet, like most Florida waterways and it is notable among some that the rivers course flows north, a relatively rare characteristic. Numerous lakes are formed by the river or flow into it, the narrowest point is in the headwaters, an unnavigable marsh in Indian River County. The St. Johns drainage basin of 8,840 square miles includes some of Floridas major wetlands and it is separated into three major basins and two associated watersheds for Lake George and the Ocklawaha River, all managed by the St. Johns River Water Management District. It has been the subject of William Bartrams journals, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings books, when attention was turned to the state, however, much of the land was rapidly overdeveloped in a national zeal for progress. The St. Johns, like many Florida rivers, was altered to make way for agricultural and residential centers and it suffered severe pollution and human interference that has diminished the natural order of life in and around the river. In all,3.5 million people live within the watersheds that feed into the St. Johns River. The St. Johns, named one of 14 American Heritage Rivers in 1998, was included on a list of Americas Ten Most Endangered Rivers in 2008. Restoration efforts are under way for the basins around the St. Johns as Florida continues to deal with population increases in the rivers vicinity, starting in Indian River County and meeting the Atlantic Ocean at Duval County, the St. Johns is Floridas primary commercial and recreational waterway. It flows north from its headwaters, originating in the direction of the Lake Wales Ridge, because of this low elevation drop, the river has a long backwater. It ebbs and flows with tides that pass through the barrier islands, uniquely, it shares the same regional terrain as the parallel Kissimmee River, although the Kissimmee flows south. The St. Johns River is separated into three basins and two associated watersheds managed by the St. Johns River Water Management District, because the river flows in a northerly direction, the upper basin is located in the headwaters of the river at its southernmost point. Indian River County is where the river begins as a network of marshes, the St. Johns River is a blackwater stream, meaning that it is fed primarily by swamps and marshes lying beneath it, water seeps through the sandy soil and collects in a slight valley. The upper basin measures approximately 2,000 square miles, the St. Johns transforms into a waterway in Brevard County. The river touches on the borders of Osceola and Orange Counties, the upper basin of the St. Johns was significantly lowered in the 1920s with the establishment of the Melbourne Tillman drainage project. This drained the St. Johns headwaters eastward to the Indian River through canals dug across the Ten-Mile Ridge near Palm Bay, as of 2015, these past diversions are being partially reversed through the first phase of the Canal 1 Rediversion project. The river is at its narrowest and most unpredictable in this basin, channel flows are not apparent and are usually unmarked
10.
American Institute of Architects
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The American Institute of Architects is a professional organization for architects in the United States. The AIA also works with members of the design and construction team to help coordinate the building industry. The AIA is currently headed by Robert Ivy, FAIA as EVP/Chief Executive Officer and Thomas V. Vonier, wells, with Richard Upjohn serving as the first president. They met on February 23,1857 and decided to invite 16 other prominent architects to join them, including Alexander Jackson Davis, Thomas U. Prior to their establishment of the AIA, anyone could claim to be an architect and they drafted a constitution and bylaws by March 10,1857, under the name New York Society of Architects. Walter, of Philadelphia, later suggested the name be changed to American Institute of Architects, the members signed the new constitution on April 15,1857, having filed a certificate of incorporation two days earlier. As of 2008, AIA has more than 300 chapters, the AIA is headquartered at 1735 New York Avenue, NW in Washington, D. C. A design competition was held in the mid-1960s to select an architect for a new AIA headquarters in Washington, mitchell/Giurgola won the design competition but failed to get approval of the design concept from the United States Commission of Fine Arts. The firm resigned the commission and helped select The Architects Collaborative to redesign the building, the design, led by TAC principals Norman Fletcher and Howard Elkus, was ultimately approved in 1970 and completed in 1973. More than 90,000 licensed architects and associated professionals are members, AIA members adhere to a code of ethics and professional conduct intended to assure clients, the public, and colleagues of an architects dedication to the highest standards in professional practice. There are five levels of membership in the AIA, Architect members are licensed to practice architecture in the United States, international associate members hold an architecture license or the equivalent from a licensing authority outside the United States. Emeritus members have been AIA members for 15 successive years and are at least 65 years of age or are incapacitated, allied membership is a partnership with the AIA and the American Architectural Foundation. The AIA’s most prestigious honor is the designation of a member as a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and this membership is awarded to members who have made contributions of national significance to the profession. Slightly more than 2,600, or 2% of all members, have elevated to the AIA College of Fellows. Foreign architects of prominence may be elected to the College as Honorary Fellows of the AIA, the AIA is governed by a Board of Directors and has a staff of over 200 full-time employees. Although the AIA functions as an organization, at its heart are some 300 local. The components are spread throughout the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, Japan, by speaking with a united voice, AIA architects influence government practices that affect the practice of the profession and the quality of American life. The AIA monitors legislative and regulatory actions and uses the power of its membership to participate in decisionmaking by federal, state
11.
One Biscayne Tower
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One Biscayne Tower is an office skyscraper in Miami, Florida, United States. It is located on the edge of Downtown Miami, on South Biscayne Boulevard. It comprises Class A office space completely, the approximately 983,000 square feet building contains 39 floors and is 492 ft tall, to the roof. When built in 1972, it was the tallest building in Miami and it held this status until the Southeast Financial Center was topped off in 1984. The building, although short compared to many of the newer skyscrapers in Miami. It appears often on most postcards of the skyline and remains a building of Miami. For just this reason, it appears in a July 1973 article of National Geographic titled, the building itself was designed by the exiled Cuban architects Humberto P. Alonso, Pelayo G. Fraga & Associates and E. H. For their design, the received a 1973 Outstanding Concrete Structure in Florida award. One Biscayne Tower has won five Office Building of the Year Awards, including the 2007 Miami-Dade TOBY Award, list of tallest buildings in Miami One Biscayne Tower on Emporis
12.
Wells Fargo Center (Jacksonville)
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Wells Fargo Center is a skyscraper in the downtown area of Jacksonville, Florida, at the southeast corner of Bay and Laura streets. Standing 535 feet tall, it is the citys second-tallest building and it was formerly known as the Modis Building until 2011, when Wells Fargo acquired the naming rights. The tower was completed in 1974 by the Independent Life and Accident Insurance Company and it was designed by KBJ Architects, who received the Honor Award for Outstanding Achievement in Design by the Jacksonville Chapter of the American Institute of Architects for the design. The design concept included a base and large corner frames to provide a distinctive image not only for the company. Beginning in 1995 Independent Life was acquired by the American General Life Insurance Company, the building was sold to Associated Capital Properties, and the Jacksonville staffing company AccuStaff moved in and acquired the naming rights, and it became the AccuStaff Building. In 2002, AccuStaff changed its name to MPS Group and it renamed the building the Modis Building, after one of the companys main brands, and added Modis signage. In 2009 MPS Group was acquired by the Swiss firm Adecco Group, the move was completed in 2011 and the signage was removed, and the building was renamed Independent Square. In May 2011, Wells Fargo, which had acquired the Wachovia financial services company, signage went up on the Wells Fargo Center on September 26 and the relocation completed by April 2012. The Wells Fargo Center has 37 floors, and held the title of tallest building in Florida until 1981 and it remained the tallest building in Jacksonville until 1990, when the Bank of America Tower surpassed it in height. The building takes up a city block in Jacksonvilles downtown. A notable feature of the structure is a four story atrium of tropical vegetation where the public enters, the first floor also contained an auditorium with seating for 360 patrons, a bank, restaurants, and several retail stores. Parkway Properties is a third-party service provider for the building, One major tenant in the Wells Fargo Center is the River Club of Jacksonville, a private business club that occupies the top two floors of the building. Originally known as the Jacksonville Businessmens Club, it was established in 1954 after the fashion of similar organizations in New York City, Chicago and Washington and it was formerly located on the 16th floor of the Prudential Building, the citys tallest building when it opened in 1955. It relocated to its current space in 1976, but did not offer memberships to women until 1985, the club has been owned and managed by a subsidiary of Gate Petroleum since 2003. Architecture of Jacksonville List of tallest buildings in Jacksonville List of tallest buildings in Florida Downtown Jacksonville Jacksonville River Club website
13.
Gate River Run
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The Gate River Run, formerly known as the Jacksonville River Run, is an annual 15 kilometer road running event in Jacksonville, Florida that attracts both competitive and recreational runners. It has been the US National Championship 15K since 1994 and in 2007 became the largest 15K race in the country and it was voted one of the top US Road Races for last 20 years by Runners World Magazine. Local news media describe it as one of Jacksonvilles premiere annual events, the race was first held in 1978 when it was known as the Jacksonville River Run. The initial sponsor of the race was the Florida Publishing Co. which published the Florida Times-Union, an inspiration for the race was the Peachtree Road Race, a 10,000 meter road race sponsored for several years by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. An initial planning meeting was held at the Jacksonville YMCA, with representatives of the Y, the newspaper and members of the Jacksonville Track Club. The 15, 000-meter distance was proposed, to distinguish the race from the Atlanta race, the course crosses two major bridges spanning the St. Johns River, giving the race its name. Running legend Bill Rodgers, who is a winner of both the New York City and Boston Marathons, won the first River Run. He was invited by the organizers, pending an appearance fee of $1,000, there was no other appearance or prize money offered. Rodgers powerful victory helped catapult the event into the national running consciousness, on the womens side, Kim Merritt, a national-class runner in a period when women were first beginning to be taken seriously at longer distances, took home the distaff honors. Gate Petroleum became the sponsor in 1994. Todd Williams holds the American 15K record with a time of 42,22 at the 1995 GRR, shalane Flanagan, won in 2014 and set the new womens record with 47,00. Before that, Deena Drossin, who has won the GRR six times, an equalizer was added in 2004. The difference in time between the womens and mens 15K national records was 4,53, so the elite women runners got a head start on the elite men. The first finisher, man or woman, receives a $5,000 bonus, even so, the women had only won the prize once. In 2012, the equalizer was increased to 6,35, in 2013, total prize money exceeded $85,000, including bonus money for record-breaking performances. The event has prize money than any major non-marathon event in the United States. There are separate but equal awards for men and women individuals, teams, live bands perform at locations along the race course and the finish line is beside Everbank Field. Special running caps are given to the top 10 percent of racers, there is a 3-day runners expo, with dozens of vendor representatives promoting running and health-related products
14.
Downtown Jacksonville
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Downtown Jacksonville is the historic core and central business district of Jacksonville, Florida USA. It comprises the earliest area of the city to be developed and is located in its center along the narrowing point of the St. Johns River. The area features offices for major corporations such as CSX Corporation, Fidelity National Financial, EverBank, Bank of America, Prudential Financial, Wells Fargo, AT&T, histories of the city report that there was once an Indian village at the site called Ossachite. White settlement in the area began during Floridas British period, when the East Florida government built the Kings Road to connect St. Augustine with the British colonies to the north. A ferry and tavern were built, and when Spanish rule resumed in Florida, the settlement that became Jacksonville largely formed from two land grants issued in 1816, one to Maria Taylor, née Suarez, and one to Juan LeMaestre. Hart eventually convinced his neighbors to join him in donating land for the venture, the settlement was named Jacksonville after Andrew Jackson, who had become popular among many Floridians for his actions in the First Seminole War. The town grew in fits and starts, it saw disruption during the Second Seminole War, during the American Civil War, Jacksonville was home to many Union sympathizers, and was occupied for most of the war by Union troops who took the city four separate times. The war devastated Jacksonville and caused half the population to flee. On May 3,1901, downtown Jacksonville was ravaged by a fire started at a fiber factory. Known as the Great Fire of 1901, it was one of the worst disasters in Florida history, in just eight hours, it destroyed the business district and left approximately 10,000 residents homeless. Architect Henry John Klutho was a figure in the reconstruction of the city. Multiple definitions of Downtown Jacksonville are in common use, often, the name Downtown is used exclusively for the historical core. This is bounded roughly by State Street to the north, Hogans Creek to the east, the St. Johns River to the south, and this definition is used, for example, by the Jacksonville Historic Preservation Commission and their book, Jacksonvilles Architectural Heritage. However, the City of Jacksonville and other use a wider definition that includes not only the Downtown Core. In this definition, the boundaries are State Street to the north, the St. Johns River to the east, under the broader definition, Downtown Jacksonville is divided into several districts or neighborhood. In addition to the historical Downtown Core, the most commonly used districts are, the Southbank, also known as the Northbank, is Jacksonvilles traditional city center and what most people associate with Downtown and Jacksonville in general. The Downtown Core is sometimes divided into additional, smaller districts. Downtown Vision, Inc. refers to the blocks to north of Church Street, the City of Jacksonvilles Downtown Master Plan further restricts the Central Civic Core to south of Church Street and east of Main Street, separating the rest of the area into other districts
15.
Aetna Building
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The Aetna Building is a 309 feet, 22-floor highrise building in downtown Jacksonville, Florida. It is also known as Prudential Plaza I or One Prudential Plaza and it is named for Aetna, which has presence in the building. Completed in 1955, it was the tallest building in the city for 13 years until surpassed by the Riverplace Tower and it was The Tallest Office Building in the South and the tallest in Florida until NASAs Vehicle Assembly Building was completed in 1965. Originally known as the Prudential Building, it was constructed in 1955 for Prudential Insurance, construction materials included Alabama limestone, North Carolina pink granite and Georgia marble. The 13-acre property is situated on the south/east bank of the St. Johns River, a 2-ton piece of the Rock of Gibraltar, once in the lobby, is now found in the courtyard on the riverfront. The building was used as background in scenes from the film, a sister building, Prudential Plaza II, was constructed next door in 1985. The Prudential Building underwent a renovation in 1988. Ocwen Financial Corp. completed the $36 million purchase of the Prudential Plaza One building in August,1998, in 1999, Aetna acquired the Prudential HealthCare business for $1 billion, and the signage was changed to Aetna. The building is known as Prudential Plaza I. Another major renovation was completed in 2002 after 153,000 sq ft was vacated by Aetna, the makeover also included construction of a 1, 100-space parking garage by Elkins Constructors. On February 21,2002 the Prudential Plaza I building was renamed 841 Prudential Drive, on January 23,2004, Ocwen sold 841 Prudential Drive to South Shore Group for $39 million. The buildings name reverted to Aetna Building, the project will use a design similar to that used by South Beach marinas. Landscape and lighting improvements will be made to the existing Jacksonville Riverwalk, permits from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and the United States Army Corps of Engineers had already been obtained. The building was the home of what is now the River Club of Jacksonville. The 12th floor is occupied by the Regus Aetna Center, which provides executive office suites to businesses needing temporary office space, architecture of Jacksonville List of tallest buildings in Jacksonville List of tallest buildings in Florida Downtown Jacksonville Emporis Buildings, Jacksonville-One Prudential Plaza
16.
Tourist attraction
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Factory tours, industrial heritage, creative art and crafts workshops are the object of cultural niches like industrial tourism and creative tourism. Many tourist attractions are also landmarks, tourist attractions are also created to capitalise on legends such as a supposed UFO crash site near Roswell, New Mexico and the alleged Loch Ness monster sightings in Scotland. Ghost sightings also make tourist attractions, ethnic communities may become tourist attractions, such as Chinatowns in the United States and the black British neighbourhood of Brixton in London, England. In the US, owners and marketers of attractions advertise tourist attractions on billboards along the side of highways and roadways, tourist attractions often provide free promotional brochures and flyers in information centres, fast food restaurants, hotel and motel rooms or lobbies, and rest area. Such places are known as tourist traps. Within cities such transport tourist attractions as rides by boats and buses are very popular, novelty attractions are not limited to the American Midwest, but are part of Midwestern culture. It may contain one or more tourist attractions and possibly some tourist traps, siem Reap town for example is a popular tourist destination in Cambodia, mainly owed to its proximity to Angkor temples. A tropical island resort is an island or archipelago that also depends on tourism as its source of revenue, according to the World Tourism Organization, •698 million people travelled to a foreign country in 2000, spending more US$478 billion. Lists of tourist attractions Attractions at DMOZ
17.
Acosta Bridge
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The St. Elmo W. Acosta Bridge Bridge spans the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida on a fixed span. It was named for City Councilman St. Elmo W. Acosta and it carries SR13 with the two-track Jacksonville Skyway in the median. Prior to its replacement in 1991, the bridge, originally called St. Tolls were charged until 1940, at some time in 1991, the original bridge was closed to allow construction of the new one to proceed. Despite being a freeway, bicycles are permitted on the lanes of the bridge. The Acosta Bridge is also notable because of the neon lights that illuminate it at night. Although as of 2/11/2015, the Jacksonville Transportation Authority has announced that theyll be off indefinitely with no date on the books citing a lack of funding for repairs. The original north approach was a T-shaped viaduct, with the ending at Riverside Avenue. Just southwest of the Acosta Bridge, Riverside Avenue passed over the adjacent Florida East Coast Railway bridge approach, when the bridge was rebuilt, the intersection was rebuilt as a semi-directional T interchange. Direct high-speed connections were provided between the bridge and both directions on Riverside Avenue, as well as a ramp from the bridge to the intersection of Broad Street. The bridge originally emptied out on Miami Road just west of San Marco Boulevard, with a continuation, at least southbound, SR13 went south on San Marco Boulevard, and was later changed to go east on Miami Road. Around 1958, a system of freeways was built in Jacksonville, the old approach became southbound only, and northbound access was provided at Mary Street, two blocks north of Miami Road. A northbound exit was provided at Mary Street for traffic coming from the south. No southbound entrance was provided, but the adjacent Main Street Bridge approach provided access in that direction, when the bridge was rebuilt, the south approach was kept almost identical. The only real difference was a new onramp from Museum Circle. The popular Diamond Head Lobster House was in its path and had to be demolished
18.
Buckman Bridge
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The Henry Holland Buckman Bridge carries I-295 West Beltway traffic over the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. It was named for Henry Holland Buckman, a prominent legislator, prior to 1970, travel across the St. Johns River from Orange Park to Mandarin was a journey. One route involved driving north to downtown Jacksonville, crossing the Fuller Warren Bridge, then driving south, a distance of nearly 30 miles and an hour of travel time. The alternative was to drive south to Green Cove Springs and across the planks of the Shands Bridge. Construction began, but the first concrete pilings exploded days after they were poured, investigation revealed that the heat generated from the curing concrete increased Anaerobic digestion by bacteria in the brackish water and generated methane gas. The engineers were forced to change their construction method, the bridge is of beam-type construction, approximately 3.1 miles in length, and travels roughly east-west. The eastbound and westbound lanes are built on separate bridge structures, average daily traffic in 1996 was estimated at 78,000 vehicles. In 1995, the bridge was expanded from two lanes in each direction with partial breakdown lanes to four lanes in each direction with full breakdown lanes, a Florida Department of Transportation study in September,1997 counted 110,743 vehicles. With busy exits within a mile of either end of the bridge. Downtown Jacksonville and Naval Air Station Jacksonville are visible from the bridge to the north, on a clear day, the Seminole Electric power plant in Palatka can be seen to the south of the bridge. While rarely closed for weather, two situations have made necessary, Tropical Storm Fay and prolonged freezing conditions. During tropical storms or hurricanes, sustained winds of over 40 miles per hour are considered hazardous, on December 23,1989 the temperature dropped to 26° and precipitation changed from rain to sleet to snow, which lasted for several days. All the bridges in Jacksonville were impassable and closed for more than 24 hours, except for the original St. Elmo W. Acosta Bridge, bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. Johns River Nautical Chart
19.
Dames Point Bridge
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The Dames Point Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge over the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida on the Interstate 295 East Beltway. Construction began in 1985 and was completed in 1989, the main span is 1,300 feet, and is 175 feet high. The bridge was designed by HNTB Corporation and RS&H, Inc, the Massman Construction Company built the bridge. The bridges cables are arranged on multiple vertical planes in a modification to the harp stay arrangement. Until the 2003 completion of the Sidney Lanier Bridge in Brunswick and it remains is one of the largest cable-stayed bridges built in the United States having 21 miles of cable. Rescuers rappelled down the side of the bridge to the workers, the story of this rescue effort was aired on Rescue 911 on September 12 of the same year. Bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. com
20.
Fuller Warren Bridge
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The Fuller Warren Bridge is a prestressed concrete girder bridge that carries Interstate 95 across the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. The current bridge was completed in October 2002, replacing the bascule bridge span completed in 1954. The current bridge was designed by HNTB Corporation in 1990 and built by Balfour Beatty Construction, the entire bridge is over 7,500 ft. long, with a main span of 250 feet, and a vertical clearance of 75 ft. The bridge now carries eight lanes across the span, the bridge is named after former Florida governor Fuller Warren, former member and eventual denouncer of the KKK, who held the office from 1949 to 1953. He had previously served as a member of the Jacksonville City Council from 1931 to 1937, the original bascule bridge was tolled until 1988, when the city of Jacksonville abolished toll collections. Increasing wear from heavy traffic, including a 1993 incident in which a 3 square feet fragment of concrete broke loose and it was permanently closed June 13,2001, when all traffic was moved to the new Fuller Warren Bridge. After delays in removal because of legal and environmental concerns, the Florida Department of Transportation used explosives to complete demolition of the old bridge on February 17,2007. Conversion from the old Fuller Warren Bridge to the new one began with one lane of southbound I-95 traffic on April 16,2000. The new bridge, built at a cost of approximately $100 million, was opened to all eight lanes in late 2002 and formally dedicated on January 13,2003
21.
Hart Bridge
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The Isaiah David Hart Bridge is a truss bridge that spans the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. It carries U. S. Route 1 Alternate and State Road 228 and it is named after Isaiah Hart, the founder of Jacksonville. It was designed by Sverdrup & Parcel, the bridge has traditionally been painted green and is often referred to as The Green Monster by locals. The westbound end of the bridge delivers drivers to downtown Jacksonville or Martin Luther King Expressway, the stretch of highway between downtown and Beach Blvd. is known as the Commodore Point Expressway, but more commonly referred to by locals as the Hart Bridge Expressway. The bridge is a cantilever bridge which is a type of continuous truss bridge. The bridges main span is uncommon for a bridge in that the truss over the main channel tapers upward. Bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. Johns River Isaiah D. Hart Bridge at Structurae City of Jacksonville article about the bridges
22.
Main Street Bridge (Jacksonville)
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The Main Street Bridge, officially the John T. Alsop Jr. Bridge, is a bridge crossing the St. Johns River in Jacksonville, Florida. It was the bridge built across the river. It carries four lanes of traffic, and is signed as US 1/US90, a lift bridge, it opened in July 1941 at a cost of $1.5 million. In 1957 it was named after Mayor John T. Alsop, Jr. but continues to be known, even on road signs and it remains one of the most recognizable features of the Downtown Jacksonville skyline. When the bridge was first built, its end was at the intersection of Main Street. Traffic continued north on Main Street, with a pair being made at some point, after that, northbound traffic turned right on Water Street. In 1978, several bridges and ramps were built. Main Street now goes over Water Street, and a ramp now carries all traffic from the bridge diagonally into Ocean Street, ramps provide access to and from Water Street. The bridge originally ended at Miami Road, in 1968, a flyover was built between the ramps to I-95 and the bridge, with frontage roads continuing to serve Miami Road and several other cross streets. Thus there is now uninterrupted traffic flow from I-95 to the Main Street Bridge, the bridge opens at half past the hour. Media related to Main Street Bridge at Wikimedia Commons
23.
Mathews Bridge
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The Mathews Bridge is a cantilever bridge in Jacksonville, Florida, which spans the St. Johns River. Constructed in 1953, the bridge brings traffic along the Arlington Expressway between downtown Jacksonville and the Arlington neighborhood and it was named after John E. Mathews, a Florida state legislator and Chief Justice of the 1955 Florida Supreme Court who helped gather funding for the bridges construction. Originally silver in color, the bridge was painted maroon in 1984 in celebration of Jacksonvilles United States Football League franchise and this 12.9 million dollar project replaced the existing open grate bridge deck previously on Mathews Bridge with an Exodermic Deck resulting in a concrete riding surface. The bridge had a notoriously problematic grating in the center span, after the previous grating wore out, a new one was installed, causing drivers to complain that the replacement was slippery and difficult to cross. That grating was replaced with a new, state of the art grating and this initially only resulted in reducing the speed limit and roughing up the grating. In 2007, the bridge underwent construction to replace the open grating over the span with a concrete riding surface. In the early afternoon on September 26,2013, the Military Sealift Command ship USNS 1st, lt. Harry L. Martin allided with the center span of the Mathews Bridge. The damage caused to the bridge was sufficient that it was closed indefinitely until it could be inspected and repaired, following repairs, the Mathews Bridge reopened in the early morning of October 29,2013. Part of the reason of the accident was because the height of the bridge was incorrect. The bridge owners notified the Coast Guard that the bridge was surveyed and this new measurement is 6 feet lower than the previously published height. The bridge is mentioned in the Limp Bizkit song My Generation, in the vocalist Fred Dursts opening monologue, he invites drummer John Otto to Take em to the Mathews Bridge, preceding the latters drum solo. Also, This bridge was seen in Need for Speed, Carbon except. Bridges portal Florida portal Jacksonville portal List of crossings of the St. Johns River Local news articles on the Mathews Bridge
24.
Sun-Ray Cinema
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The Sun-Ray Cinema at 5 Points, formerly known as Riverside Theater and 5 Points Theatre, is a historic two-screen movie theater in Jacksonville, Florida. The first theater in Florida equipped to show talking pictures, it opened in March 1927 in the Five Points district of the Riverside, the Riverside Theater opened in March 1927, when the Five Points area was emerging as a commercial center for Riverside and Avondale. It was the first in the state, and third in the country, the architect was Roy Benjamin, whose architectural firm eventually became KBJ Architects. The theater is part of a much larger Italian Renaissance revival building, Benjamin went on to design more than 200 theaters throughout Florida and the southeastern United States, including Downtown Jacksonvilles Florida Theatre. The first talkie shown in the theater was Don Juan, starring John Barrymore, admission was $1.10, an expensive ticket considering the prevailing wage was less than a quarter per hour. The building was remodeled in 1949 and renamed the Five Points Theater when the marquee was added, in 1977 the theater closed for several years and an attempt was made to modernize the building in 1978 with the application of stucco. In the early 1980s the movie theater shut down, and the acting group River City Playhouse moved into the space in 1984, in 1991 the building was remodeled into a nightclub, Club 5, which closed in 2004. A four-year, $4.5 million historic restoration was begun in 2004 after local car dealer Mike Shad purchased the property, midway through the renovations, the facility was opened for private events like reunions and wedding receptions, but work was not completed until 2008. Although the marquee was not original, it was restored because it is considered a historic component. In 2010 the Theatre shifted to an art format, with foreign, independent and classic films, late night movies. The Theatre was a venue for the 2009 and 2010 Jacksonville Film Festivals, the 2009 and 2010 Citrus Cel Animation Festival, in 2014, it served as screening home for the Jacksonville edition of the 48 Hour Film Project. During 2011, co-owners Tim Massett and his wife Shana David-Massett raised funds to take over, Massett, a Jacksonville native who managed a movie theater in Minnesota, raised $102,450 via online crowdsourcing and private loans. Their improvements include a screen, sound dampening, and tiered theater seats. The venue was renamed the Sun-Ray Cinema at 5 Points, the show schedule features new releases, lesser-known movies and cult films. In addition to traditional movie fare plus beer and wine, they serve sandwiches, hummus, site-made pizza with unusual toppings. The theatre expanded its capacity, adding a second auditorium in 2014, in 2016, PETA ranked Sun-Ray Cinema as the number one theater for people who do not eat animal products, since the menu includes multiple vegan, vegetarian and gluten-free options
25.
Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville
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The Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville is a baseball park in Jacksonville, Florida. It is the stadium of the Jacksonville Jumbo Shrimp baseball team, who play in the Class Double-A Southern League. The facility is known as Community First Park for Jacksonville Armada games, the Baseball Grounds were proposed as part of the city planning program known as the Better Jacksonville Plan. It was designed to replace the aging Wolfson Park, the Jumbo Shrimps previous home, the facility cost $34 million and broke ground in 2002, with construction being completed the following year. The ballpark was the first completed project of the Better Jacksonville Plan, the Atlantic Coast Conference baseball championship was held at the venue from 2005–2008. The Baseball Grounds hosts a game between the Florida Gators and the Florida State Seminoles. The most recent game was on March 25,2014 when Florida defeated Florida State 4–1 in front of 10,125 fans, on July 17,2013 the Baseball Grounds hosted the Southern League All-Star Game. The South Division defeated the North Division 6–0 in front of a crowd of 9,373. It also features 12 luxury skyboxes, four skydecks, a scoreboard and videoboard, a playground, and the knuckle. The park has a video broadcast of games provided by The Schelldorf Television Network. The ballpark is located in downtown Jacksonville, situated between Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena and EverBank Field. The largest crowd for a game at the ballpark was 17,860. Official Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville website Baseball Grounds of Jacksonville Views - Ball Parks of the Minor Leagues
26.
Hodges Stadium
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Hodges Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium at the University of North Florida, and the home field for the North Florida Ospreys soccer, track and field, and cross country teams. It is located on the campus in Jacksonville, Florida. It is named for George and Kernan Hodges, who donated $2 million to upgrade the facility in 2006, the stadium opened in 2004 and underwent renovations in 2006 and 2008 that installed additional seating, a press box, and a 9-lane Olympic quality running track. The facility additionally includes classrooms, offices, and the Browning Athletic Training, the University of North Floridas field was first opened in 2004 in order to serve the North Florida Ospreys mens and womens soccer, cross country running, and track and field teams. In 2006 Jacksonville philanthropists George and Kernan Hodges issued a $2 million donation to UNF to improve the facility, the donation funded the construction of seats for 10,000, an eight-lane 400-meter track, a press box, lighting, and classrooms and offices. The nameless field was renamed Hodges Stadium after them, other additions included the Browning Athletic Training and Education Center and a strength and conditioning center. In 2008 the stadium underwent another renovation to install a new state-of-the art running track, the university spent another $3 million to complete the 9-lane Olympic-quality track. It was designed by the Italian company Mondo and was the facility in the world to feature the companys Mondotrack SX rubber surface. It is the third largest stadium in the United States dedicated to track & field, the stadium has also held three international rugby league football matches, and has hosted training camp for several international teams. Academy Award-winning actor Russell Crowe visited UNF to organize preparations for a club rugby league played at UNF. Crowes South Sydney Rabbitohs played against the Leeds Rhinos on January 26,2008, in 2009, the Leeds Rhinos returned to UNF to play the Salford City Reds in an exhibition game. February 2005- Practice for the Philadelphia Eagles before Super Bowl XXXIX, January 26,2008 - Australian rugby league club South Sydney Rabbitohs vs. English Super League club Leeds Rhinos for the Australia Day Challenge. January 19,2009 - English Rugby league match between Salford City Reds and Leeds Rhinos, april 2009- UNF Rugby Football Club hosted their annual Alumni Game for the first time in the stadium. November 14,2009 - International rugby match between the United States and Jamaica,2009 Atlantic Sun Conference Track and Field Championships December 19,2009 - North America Bowl between Jacksonville Knights and Team Canada a traveling all-star team. November 2010 - Hosted the 2010 Atlantic Cup rugby league tournament, july 23–26,2015 - Hosted the USATF Masters Outdoor Track & Field Championships. July 27-August 2,2015 - Hosted the USATF National Junior Olympic Track & Field Championships, December 4 and 12,2015 - Hosted 2017 Rugby League World Cup qualifying matches Official Website
27.
Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena
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The Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena is a 15, 000-seat multi-purpose arena in Jacksonville, Florida. It was built in 2003 as part of Mayor John Delaneys Better Jacksonville Plan to replace the outdated Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Coliseum, the field is titled Sea Best Field. The Memorial Arena also serves as an entertainment venue. Since that time, dozens of groups, including country, rap, rock, in 2006, a scheduled Dixie Chicks concert was cancelled, due to lack of ticket sales, which was seen as part of the general backlash against the groups comments on the Iraq War. The arena found huge success when the became the home of the Jacksonville Sharks in 2010 when they were introduced as an expansion team of the Arena Football League. The team was founded by former Orlando Predators executive Jeff Bouchy who is also the brother of former Orlando Predators owner Brett Bouchy, the Sharks have recently generated the highest attendance for a tenant in the arenas history. It was the host for the Davis Cup first round tie between the US and Brazil on the weekend of February 1–3,2013, JVMA will host an NBA game between the Atlanta Hawks and New Orleans Pelicans on October 9. Currently, the arena is home to the Jacksonville Sharks of the National Arena League and it also hosted the 2011 ABA All-Star Game, which took place on February 26,2011. Starting in 2012, it became home to the Jacksonville Bullies of the Professional Lacrosse League, in 2017, it became the home the Jacksonville IceMen of the ECHL. The Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena was home to the Jacksonville Barracudas ice hockey franchise from 2003 to 2007 when they relocated to a hockey arena in the area. It has also hosted PBR Built Ford Tough Series events in the past
28.
TPC at Sawgrass
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The Tournament Players Club at Sawgrass is a golf course in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, a suburb of Jacksonville, United States. Opened 37 years ago in 1980, it was the first of several Tournament Players Clubs to be built and it is home to the PGA Tour headquarters and annually hosts The Players Championship, a golf tournament on the PGA Tour. Paul and Jerome Fletcher negotiated a deal with the PGA tour, TPC Sawgrass Stadium Course, the golf stadium of the course, has a capacity of 36,000. The TPC at Sawgrass is situated in Ponte Vedra Beachs Sawgrass development and it has two individual courses, the Stadium Course and the Valley Course. The Stadium Course was designed in 1980 by noted golf course architects Pete and Alice Dye, constructed specifically to host The Players Championship, it employs a distinctive stadium concept, like in other sports, fans at the TPC sit in stands made of raised mounds of grass. It is known for its signature hole, the par-3, 137-yard 17th, known as the Island Green, one of golfs most recognizable, the course has been featured for many years on the best-selling Tiger Woods PGA Tour series of video games. Meanwhile, the Dye’s Valley Course hosts the Web. com Tour Championship since 2013 and its Star Wars golf, designed by Darth Vader, Ben Crenshaw pronounced. When asked if the TPC suited his style, Jack Nicklaus replied, No. Snead called the course 90 percent horse manure and 10 percent luck, over the following year, Dye tweaked the course, making the greens less severe and replacing several bunkers. After the changes, the course became far more playable, now its a darn good golf course, Crenshaw said of the improvements. The course was the site of the U. S. Amateur in August 1994 and this was the first of his three consecutive victories. TPC Sawgrass signature hole is the Stadium Courses 17th, known simply as the Island Green and it measures only 132 yards from tee to green, but it consists of nothing but a 78-foot -long green with a tiny bunker in front of it. Save a small path to the green, the green is surrounded by water. Club selection in the conditions at the hole is a huge consideration, as there is nowhere to land the ball but on the green, in the small bunker. It is estimated more than 100,000 balls are retrieved from the surrounding water every year, courtesy of professionals. The Island Green design came by accident, the design for the 17th was to be a simple par-3 green only partially surrounded by a lake. Alice Dye suggested the Island Green concept, remembering another course with a similar green, Pete was not thrilled at the idea but went ahead with it, in the process creating one of golfs most recognizable holes. Because of its popularity among fans, The Golf Channel devotes 11 cameras to it during the tournament, probably the most famous incident that has occurred on the Island Green involved Steve Lowery in the 1998 Players Championship
29.
UNF Arena
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UNF Arena is a multi-purpose arena located on the campus of the University of North Florida in Jacksonville, Florida. It is home to the North Florida Ospreys mens and womens basketball and it is also used for other events, such as concerts and graduation ceremonies, and has served as the site of the Orlando Magic franchises training camp. It opened in 1993 and has a capacity of up to 6,300, in 2004 the Arena was used by the U. S. Mens and Womens Olympic teams. On September 2,2008, the University announced plans for UNF Varsity Village, upgrades will be on the existing locker rooms, athletics offices, scoreboard, and seating. Planned additions will include a room, academic support area. On March 8,2015, the UNF Arena attendance record was set as 6,155 fans watched North Florida defeat USC Upstate in the 2015 Atlantic Sun Mens Basketball Tournament championship game. In the first round of the 2016 National Invitation Tournament,6,011 fans saw the Ospreys fall to Florida, official website UNF Arena at UNFOspreys. com
30.
World Golf Village
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The World Golf Village is a golf resort in St. Johns County, Florida, United States, located between Jacksonville and St. Augustine. It was created by the PGA Tour and showcases the World Golf Hall of Fame, in addition to the resort the World Golf Village features residential and commercial developments. The 6, 300-acre parcel was approved in the 1990s as a Development of Regional Impact under Section 380.06 of the Florida Statutes, and eventually have 18,000 residents. A new interchange on Interstate 95 in Florida was constructed to direct access to the site. A large building on the west side houses the hall of fame, theater, cafe, the Shops of World Golf Village are situated on the north and east sides, and the Renaissance Hotel and convention center are to the south. The Ladies Professional Golf Association created a hall of fame in 1951 and it was inactive until 1967, when it moved into a physical location in Augusta, Georgia and was renamed the LPGA Tour Hall of Fame. In the early 1990s, the PGA Tour was contemplating a Hall of Fame close to their north Florida headquarters, deane Beman asked LPGA commissioner Charlie Mechem if there was interest in a joint Golf Hall of Fame. When they responded in the affirmative, the United States Golf Association was contacted, as was The Royal, both agreed to collaborate, and PGA of America closed the Pinehurst World Golf Hall of Fame, while the LPGA decided to merge their HOF into the new facility. An independent entity, the World Golf Foundation, was formed in 1994 to promote and honor the game, the Board of Directors included representatives from the worlds major golf organizations. The WGF owns and controls the World Golf Hall of Fame, the first and foremost attraction at World Golf Village is the World Golf Hall of Fame, which superseded the PGA of America facility at Pinehurst, North Carolina in May 1998. The Hall of Fame has a permanent display with information for every individual inducted. There are also devoted to the history of golf, heritage, organizations, course design, equipment, attire. The Trophy Tower contains a collection of all the major tournament trophies, many of the displays are interactive and give the visitor a hands on experience. Featured exhibits change yearly, and a round on the 18-hole putting course is included with museum admission, additionally, there is a Challenge Hole with an island green similar to the signature hole at TPC Sawgrass, the par 3, 17th. The resort features two golf courses, the King & Bear, designed jointly by Arnold Palmer and Jack Nicklaus, and the Slammer & Squire. Both courses consistently receive 4.5 stars rating by Golf Digest, the PGA TOUR Golf Academy opened at WGV in 2000 as a one-stop facility to help players improve all facets of their golf game. Their instructors are experienced PGA and LPGA professionals who provide clinics, schools, private lessons, development programs and camps for juniors using the latest technology. Based on the success of the program, branches have been established at TPC Sawgrass, TPC Scottsdale, TPC Las Vegas, TPC San Antonio, the academy at World Golf Village trains and certifies all instructors at TOUR academies
31.
Alhambra Dinner Theatre
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The Alhambra was built by Jacksonville businessman Leon Simon in 1967 and purchased by Tod Booth, Sr. in 1984. Booth moved to Jacksonville from Chicago, where he worked as director for the Drury Lane Theaters. As with other theaters of the 1970s, Alhambra initially relied on the appeal of former stars of film, television. Alhambras first such headliner was in Barefoot in the Park in 1969, stars earned weekly pay between $1,500 and $5,000 for six to eight weeks as well as being able to enjoy the weather and amenities in Florida. According to Booth, When their careers cooled, a star could learn a show and that one show could be a meal ticket for a year or two. Other celebrities, including soap opera cast members, hosts from TV game shows, in the early 1980s, however, it became difficult to hire former big names to act in dinner theatre. Booth explained, They could make more in a day doing a commercial than they could make during the run of dinner theater show. Plus, a lot of the stars just started dying off, as a result, few of the performers had familiar names, but all were professionals, most with extensive experience on stage, in movies and TV. The show itself was promoted, rather than the headliner, since the 1970s, over 100 stars have graced the Alhambra stage, The Alhambras performers are members of the Actors Equity Association, the union that represents professional stage and film actors. The theatre features buffet dinners and a bar service. The bar itself seats 75 for patrons who arrive early for happy hour, the facility uses a Thrust stage to give all 408 seats an excellent view. Several staff members have been at the venue for over 25 years, during 1997, plans were drawn up to reconfigure the Alhambra into separate theatre and dining sections. A24,800 sq ft new building would be constructed for a restaurant seating 600, the present structure would be converted into auditorium seating for 600 and triple the size of the stage. Construction was projected to start in the fall of 1998, pending financing approval, in 2000, plans for a $10 million,50,000 sq ft project were submitted to the city for approval. Three buildings would be constructed surrounding the structure, which would eventually be razed. However, Jacksonvilles Concurrency Management Office determined that there was insufficient traffic capacity, on August 31,2009 the Alhambra Dinner Theatre suspended operations, citing the effect of the Late-2000s recession on attendance and expenses. The sale of the theatre to Theatre Partners, a group of investors, was announced on October 28,2009. The group stated that operations would resume December 1,2009 with A Christmas Carol, former owner Tod Booth agreed to direct the shows, which were the primary attraction
32.
Florida Theatre
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The Florida Theatre is an historic American movie theater located at 128 East Forsyth Street in Jacksonville, Florida. The theatre is one of four remaining high-style movie palaces built in Florida during the Mediterranean Revival architectural boom of the 1920s. Opened on April 8,1927, it was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places on November 4,1982, on April 18,2012, the AIAs Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of Florida Architecture,100 Years. The Florida Theatre began construction in summer of 1926 by Southern Enterprises, Inc. with R. E. Hall & Co. the theatre was established as a seven-story concrete fireproof building with a roof garden and with an emphasis on showing movies and live performances. R. E. Hall and Roy A. Benjamin designed the Florida Theatre in the Mediterranean Revival architecture style, the site of the Florida Theatre was previously occupied by a police station and jail but was demolished. Construction of the theatre took only one year and was opened to the public on April 8,1927, at the time of the opening the Florida Theatre was the largest theatre in Florida. The opening night had several programs featuring fanfare of the American Legion Bugle Corps, a stage show. The Florida Theatre was open from 11,00 AM to 11,00 PM showing a variety of films, news reels, in 1938 the roof garden was closed and replaced with offices to be rented out. On August 10-11,1956 Elvis Presley played two shows at the Florida Theatre to the dislikes of Jacksonvilles city leadership, a committee was formed and Judge Marion Gooding prepared arrest warrants due to Presleys bodily movements and influence on the local youth. Gooding and Elvis had a meeting where Gooding threatened to execute the warrants if Elvis disobeyed his orders. Elvis performed the show with no action from the police or Gooding, by the 1970s the Florida Theatre was in decline and on May 8,1980 it was forced to closed. On October 31,1981 the Florida Theatre was purchased by the Arts Assembly of Jacksonville for $1 million, the Arts Assembly immediately began restoring the dilapidated building with $5 million. The Florida Theatre was also at the time placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 28,1982, one year later on August 26,1983 the newly renovated Florida Theatre was reopened to the public. On October 1,1987 the Florida Theatre separated from the Arts Assembly as an independent entity governed by its own board of directors, the Florida Theatre today is the permanent home of the Florida Ballet, Theatreworks, and the annual Community Nutcracker
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Ritz Theatre (Jacksonville)
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The Ritz Theatre is an African-American oriented theatre in the LaVilla neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida. The theater, which seats 426, is used for a variety of music, dance and theatrical productions, the spacious lobby is also used for private functions. Just off the lobby is the LaVilla Museum which holds 11,000 square feet of exhibits, LaVilla is considered the mecca for African American culture and heritage in Florida. The Ritz Theater was designed in the Art Deco style by local architect Jefferson Powell, LaVilla had a thriving, vibrant culture from 1921 to 1971, when it was known as the Harlem of the South. From the 1970s, the entertainment district of LaVilla went into decline and crime increased, the groundbreaking for the project was in 1998, and the pair were reopened on September 30,1999. The sign and northwest corner are all that remain of the original building
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Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts
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The Times-Union Center for the Performing Arts is a performing arts center located in Jacksonville, Florida. Situated along the Riverbank, the venue is known as the First Coast’s premiere riverfront entertainment facility, originally opening in 1962, the facility was renovated beginning in 1995 until 1997, with a grand re-opening on February 8,1997. The center consists of three venues, a theatre, concert hall and recital hall and it is home to the FSCJ Artist Series, Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra, Jacksonville Symphony Youth Orchestra and showcase, Extravaganza. Commissioned in 1955, the City of Jacksonville approved a new civic auditorium, in 1957, the site was purchased from the Seaboard Air Line Railroad. At the same time, Mayor W. Haydon Burns successfully lobbied the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad to move its headquarters from North Carolina to Jacksonville, thus, construction began on the auditorium and the Atlantic Coastline Building both began in 1957. On December 7,1957, the Seaboard Docks were demolished to make way for the forthcoming auditorium, the site was prepared via bulk heading the shoreline of the St. Johns River. This involved walling out the shoreline and adding fill dirt, the original site of the municipal coliseum was moved further along the riverbank and opened in 1960 along with the Atlantic Coastline Building. The Civic Auditorium was opened on September 16,1962, with a performance by the Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra, the center served as a replacement for the aging Duval County Armory and became the preferred mid-sized concert venue alongside the Florida Theatre. The civic auditorium consisted of the auditorium, Exhibition Hall. By the 1990s, the auditorium developed a bad reputation amongst music acts, like the coliseum, the venue was known for its poor acoustics. This caused many concerts to be moved to Tallahassee or Gainesville, in 1993, Mayor Ed Austin proposed the River City Renaissance Plan. A portion of the $235 million bond was allocated to the renovation of the facility and it was headed by KBJ Architects, Rothman, Rothman & Heineman, Kirkegaard Associates and Jones & Phillips Associates, Inc. The original auditorium was gutted and divided into three facilities, in 1994, local newspaper, The Florida Times-Union, purchased naming rights for $3 million. The renovated facility also included a lounge, art gallery and lobby, the lobby areas included marble column from the Barnett National Bank Building and art from the Museum of Contemporary Art Jacksonville. The center reopened on February 8,1997, with a performance by the FSCJ Artist Series, the Jim & Jan Moran Theater is a theatre and main performance venue of the center. The theater was designed for theatrical and musical performances. All genres from rock to gospel have performed at the theater, since 2006, the Jim & Jan Moran Theatre has been the home of Extraganza, an annual talent showcase by the students of Douglas Anderson School of the Arts. The theater can seat nearly 3,000, the Robert E. Jacoby Symphony Hall is a concert hall primarily used for orchestral performances
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Theatre Jacksonville
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Theatre Jacksonville is a community theatre based in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. One of the oldest continually producing community theatres in the United States, its building, Theatre Jacksonville is based in the neighborhood of San Marco. It puts on numerous productions throughout the year and runs a camp called Camp Theatre Jacksonville every summer. The Little Theatre company was founded at Jacksonville, Florida in 1919, cigar magnate Carl Swisher was the benefactor for a new building in the San Marco neighborhood, which was started in 1927. However, It was more than ten years before the first performance was staged at the new facility, on January 4,1938, Boy meets Girl opened in what is now a historic U. S. theater located at 2032 San Marco Boulevard. In early 1969, the name of the company was changed to Theatre Jacksonville, Inc. mayor Hans Tanzler issued a proclamation naming Theatre Jacksonville as Jacksonvilles Official Theatre in 1972, a distinction reconfirmed by all succeeding mayors. On July 12,1991, the Little Theatre building was added to the U. S. National Register of Historic Places, the $500,000 Harold K. Smith Playhouse Endowment for facility maintenance was established in June,1997. In October,2000 the theatre Facade renovation was completed and the facility was dedicated as the Harold K. Smith Playhouse. Official Theatre Jacksonville Website Duval County listings, Floridas Office of Cultural and Historical Programs
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University of North Florida Department of Music
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The University of North Florida Department of Music is the music department of the University of North Florida, and one of the institutions flagship programs. Part of UNFs College of Arts and Sciences, it offers seven programs of study, the UNF Department of Music is housed in the Fine Arts Center on campus. It was opened in 2001 at a cost of $22 million, the complex comprises the 1,400 seat Lazzara Performance Hall, a 200-seat recital hall,44 individual practice rooms, and 4 large rehearsal rooms. The Lazzara Performance Hall hosts performances throughout the year from national and international acts
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Freebird Live
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Freebird Live was a music venue located in Jacksonville Beach, Florida. They closed their doors with a concert on January 21,2016. The venue opened in September 8,1999, with a concert by The Charlie Daniels Band, the cafe featured Lynyrd Skynyrd memorabilia, food and recorded music. In 2005, the owners of the venue considered moving the location to accommodate a larger capacity. Buildings in Atlantic Beach, Florida and Jacksonville, Florida were considered, however, the owners decided to renovate its current location in lieu of moving
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Metropolitan Park
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Metropolitan Park is a 32-acre urban waterfront park and concert venue located on the north bank of the St. Johns River in Downtown Jacksonville, Florida. It is projected to be the terminus of the northbank Jacksonville Riverwalk. The Jacksonville Symphony Orchestra occasionally performs there, as have many nationally known entertainers, the primary facility is a 2, 400-square-foot reversible stage with seating for 3,000 under the large canopy. There is a room, production office and dressing rooms for performers. The park has full boat docking facilities with 78 boat slips, the park is located on what was once a landfill, purchased in May,1972 for $1 million by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. The present park size is the result of additions since the initial acquisition in 1972. Development funding was provided by the City of Jacksonville, the State of Florida-Department of Natural Resources, the project was planned to be completed in two phases. The first phase included an exhibition mall, family area, playgrounds. Florida Governor Bob Graham attended the groundbreaking for the first phase, work on Phase 1 was completed in 1984 at a cost of $1 million. Metropolitan Park was the winner of the 1986 Governor’s Design Award, Phase 2, which included paved walkways, lighting, landscaping, parking, and the entrance, cost another $1 million. Mayor Tommy Hazouri began the enhancements on May 10,1990, the Catherine Street Fire Museum was moved to Metro Park property in 1993 but did not open to the public until 2001. Community leaders created the Metropolitan Park Kids Kampus Task Force in the 1990s to provide input for a new play area with physical, intellectual and social benefits. Educators were utilized to design structures and activities that allow children to be curious, explore, construction began on Kids Kampus March 8,2000, and the 10-acre facility, located beside Metro Park, opened March 6,2001. The park included a field with bleachers,10 Picnic shelters and individual picnic tables, grills, playground equipment, benches, bike racks, security lighting. The largest attraction was a driving range, modeled after downtown Jacksonville, including street signs, traffic signals. The seasonal water park at Kids Kampus featured Three Friends, a structure with water cannons and a slide. On May 5,2010, JaxParks announced that the Splash Water Park at Kids Kampus would not open for 2010 due to impending demolition as part of Metropolitan Park renovations. JaxPride, a nonprofit coalition, sponsored the workshop
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Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center
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Prime F. Osborn III Convention Center is a 265, 000-square-foot convention center located in downtown Jacksonville, Florida. Opened in 1986, it was built incorporating Jacksonvilles Union Station as well as several square feet of newly built structure. Located in the Jacksonville neighborhood of LaVilla, the Prime Osborn contains two exhibition halls totaling 78,500 square feet, several ballrooms and meetings rooms. The City of Jacksonville is looking to replace the Prime Osborn within the decade, with a larger 500. The Convention Center station of the JTA Skyway is located across the street, LaVilla, at that time a suburb of Jacksonville, was for many years an important railroad hub. The first union station in the area was built by the Savannah, Florida, the Jacksonville, Tampa and Key West Railway began to use it in 1884. Other terminals served the Florida Central and Peninsular Railroad, the Florida East Coast Railway, the company was incorporated in 1894 by Henry Flagler, who owned the Florida East Coast Railway. Its first Union Depot opened on February 4,1895, and was completed on January 15,1897 and it came to be known as the Flagler Depot. 5% ownership. When the second Union Station opened in 1919, it was the largest railroad station in the South, at its peak, the terminal handled as many as 142 trains and 20,000 passengers a day. Some of the passenger trains handled in Jacksonville were 18 to 22 railcars long, within the terminal, there was a restaurant, snack bars, news stands, a barber shop, florist, a drug store, and gift shops. The Jacksonville terminal had 32 tracks,29 of those tracks were passenger tracks with platforms. Of those, 1-15 were stub or head tracks, which ended at the bumper posts, the station was last used on January 3,1974, Amtrak moved to a new Jacksonville station several miles north. In 1982, a partnership was started, led by former CSX chairman Prime F. Osborn III. The new convention center opened on October 17,1986, the Jacksonville Regional Transit Center is a proposed conversion of a portion of the convention center back into a rail station. The Jacksonville Transportation Authority plans to convert and restore the historic terminal building, Amtrak, Florida East Coast Railway, the Skyway, and eventually commuter rail would serve the station. First Coast Commuter Rail is a passenger rail system serving Jacksonville, FL. It is currently in the planning stages. Three routes were analyzed in depth, north to Yulee, FL, southwest to Green Cove Springs, FL, and southeast to St. Augustine, FL
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Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse
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The Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse is a courthouse and U. S. federal government facility in Jacksonville, Florida. S. It replaced the old courthouse, which was built in 1933 and had many indoor air quality problems, including illness-inducing mold. The new courthouse comprises 492,000 square feet over 14 floors and it was named after John Milton Bryan Simpson after an act of Congress introduced by Florida U. S. The courthouse was dedicated on August 11,2008. List of tallest buildings in Jacksonville Bryan Simpson United States Courthouse, Jacksonville Division, US District Court for the Middle District of Florida
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St. James Building
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The St. James Building is a historic building in Downtown Jacksonville, Florida, currently housing Jacksonville City Hall. It was designed by architect Henry John Klutho and opened in 1912, one of many structures in downtown Jacksonville designed by Klutho after the Great Fire of 1901, it is considered his masterpiece. The building is located at 117 West Duval Street, on the site of the St. James Hotel. It was designed as a building containing the Cohen Bros. The department store closed in 1987, leaving the building empty, in 1993 it was purchased by the City of Jacksonville under the River City Renaissance plan, with the intention of remodeling it as the new City Hall. On April 18,2012, the American Institute of Architectss Florida Chapter placed the building on its list of Florida Architecture,100 Years, St. James Hotel The original St. James Building was a hotel constructed and owned by investors from Connecticut following the American Civil War. In addition to lodging for 500 guests, it boasted a passenger elevator, the facility included a laundry, barbershop, wine room, telegraph office and reading rooms. Touring orchestras performed concerts for the guests, who included society people, celebrities, at the peak of Jacksonville’s popularity,65,000 people spent the winter in north Florida. The hotel was so prominent that the square across the street. Jacksonvilles Great Fire of 1901 destroyed most of the city, including the original St. James, the owner of the St. James property, J. R. Campbell, wanted to rebuild, but did not have the resources. Jacob and Morris Cohen purchased the St. James property by from the Windsor after agreeing not to build a hotel, Cohen Brothers Department Store In March 1910, Klutho agreed to design a building for the Cohen Brothers department store. Among the proposals sent to the Cohens was a design for a building with four floors. Klutho proposed a mixed use design that would contain small shops on the first floor exterior with the department store in the interior, the third and fourth floors would contain offices for rent. He convinced the brothers that their structure would become the center of commerce for Jacksonville, Klutho not only designed the building, but acted as construction manager using the fast-track method, whereby work begins prior to design completion. The project was finished in less than a year and a half, the structure was named the St. James Building, and it was Kluthos crowning achievement. When dedicated on October 21,1912, it was the largest structure in Jacksonville, the St. James Building was the featured article in The Western Architect and Kluthos work was highlighted throughout the magazine in June 1914. The most striking feature was a 75 ft octagonal glass dome. The elevators were open cages, giving passengers a view of the store, the building exterior was decorated with large abstract terra-cotta ornaments
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Duval County Courthouse
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The Duval County Courthouse is the local courthouse for Duval County, Florida. It houses courtrooms and judges from the Duval County and Fourth Judicial Circuit Courts, the new facility is located Downtown Jacksonville, Florida, it was built starting in 2009 and opened in 2012. Duval County was created on August 12,1822 and was part of St. Johns County. Although the countys area was huge, it more than twenty years before the first courthouse was constructed during the 1840s. A second courthouse was constructed in 1886, but was burned in the Great Fire of 1901, the third courthouse was constructed in 1902 and closed in 1958. A new courthouse funded by the Better Jacksonville Plan was planned in 2000, the first courthouse erected in Duval County was constructed of wood during the 1840s where Forsyth and Market Street intersect. It was burned to the ground during the Civil War and it took another twenty years before it was replaced with a brick building, constructed in 1886, which lasted until the Great Fire of 1901, which destroyed most of downtown Jacksonville. After the fire, the courthouse was one of the first buildings reconstructed, the exterior brick walls of the old courthouse remained mostly intact and were utilized in the creation of a new armory building. That structure became part of the Lanier Building, which was demolished in 2003, rutledge Holmes designed the 1902 courthouse, which had a stone exterior. The architect incorporated up to seven floors in the design. Instead, when space was required, an annex was added in 1914. An architecturally modern courthouse was constructed on East Bay Street and dedicated in 1958, ten years before consolidation, the 1902 courthouse was demolished, the 1914 annex was preserved and later expanded to include the site of the 1902 courthouse and still functions as a county office building. The 2000 Census counted over three-quarters of a people in Duval County. The Bay Street facility had been overcrowded for many years and additional space was desperately needed, state law required the local government to construct a new facility. Mayor John Delaney proposed the Better Jacksonville Plan, a $2.25 billion package of projects, the referendum on the Better Jacksonville Plan passed on September 5,2000, and planning for the courthouse commenced. Costs were estimated at $190 million, with another $20 million built into the budget for contingency, Construction was awarded to Cannon Design. In 2003 Delaney left office and was succeeded by John Peyton, Construction continued under Cannon, but budget and size estimates fluctuated. Peyton stopped work on the complex on October 28,2004
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