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History
Robert I, Duke of Parma
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Robert I was the last sovereign Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1854 until 1859, when the duchy was annexed to Sardinia-Piedmont during the Risorgimento. He was a member of the House of Bourbon-Parma and descended from Philip, Duke of Parma, the third son of King Philip V of Spain and Queen Elisabeth Farnese.
Duke Robert I in 1900
Duke Robert I in 1900
Robert I as Duke of Parma with his mother Louise Marie Thérèse in 1854.
Robert I as Duke of Parma with his mother Louise Marie Thérèse in 1854.
Image: Maria Louise of Bourbon Parma Princess of Bulgaria
Image: Maria Louise of Bourbon Parma Princess of Bulgaria
Image: Princess Beatrice of Bourbon Parma, Countess Lucchesi Palli
Image: Princess Beatrice of Bourbon Parma, Countess Lucchesi Palli
Duke of Parma
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The Duke of Parma and Piacenza was the ruler of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a historical state of Northern Italy. It was created by Pope Paul III for his son Pier Luigi Farnese. It existed between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1859.
Image: Pier Luigi Farnese di Tiziano
Image: Pier Luigi Farnese di Tiziano
Image: Ottavio Farnese 1521 1586
Image: Ottavio Farnese 1521 1586
Image: Ranuccio First Farnese
Image: Ranuccio First Farnese
Image: Edward farnesio
Image: Edward farnesio