Robert Morrison (missionary)
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Robert Morrison, FRS, was an Anglo-Scottish Protestant missionary to Portuguese Macao, Qing-era Guangdong, and Dutch Malacca, who was also a pioneering sinologist, lexicographer, and translator considered the "Father of Anglo-Chinese Literature".
Portrait of Morrison by John Wildman
Morrison's birthplace in Bullers Green near Morpeth, Northumberland, England
Painting of the Thirteen Factories, c. 1805
Li Shigong (far left) and Chen Laoyi translating the Bible as Morrison looks on, an engraving after George Chinnery's now-lost c. 1828 original.
Protestant missions in China
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In the early 19th century, Western colonial expansion occurred at the same time as an evangelical revival – the Second Great Awakening – throughout the English-speaking world, leading to more overseas missionary activity. The nineteenth century became known as the Great Century of modern religious missions.
China Inland Mission missionaries in native dress
William Daniell's c. 1805 View of the Canton Factories: Until 1842, foreigners "from the Southern Sea" were required to live in Macao or the ships of the Pazhou ("Whampoa") anchorage; even bonded traders were restricted to the Thirteen Factories trading ghetto in Guangzhou (then romanized as "Canton"). Travel outside these areas was forbidden. Foreign women were permitted only on Macao.
Hong Xiuquan
Missionary preaching in China using The Wordless Book