Robert Thomas Moeller (1951–2011) was a United States Navy vice admiral who last served in active duty as the first deputy to the commander for military operations, U.S. Africa Command (USAFRICOM), until his departure in April 2010. USAFRICOM was formally stood up in October 2007, as a subunified command initially of U.S. European Command, under the command of General William E. Ward, who was first commander of USAFRICOM.

The United States Africa Command is one of the eleven unified combatant commands of the United States Department of Defense, headquartered at Kelley Barracks, Stuttgart, Germany. It is responsible for U.S. military operations, including fighting regional conflicts and maintaining military relations with 53 African nations. Its area of responsibility covers all of Africa except Egypt, which is within the area of responsibility of the United States Central Command. U.S. AFRICOM headquarters operating budget was $276 million in fiscal year 2012.