Robert Williams was an American politician who served as the fourth adjutant general of North Carolina from 1812 to 1821. A member of the Democratic-Republican Party, he previously served as the third governor of Mississippi Territory from 1805 to 1809 under President Thomas Jefferson and represented North Carolina in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1797 to 1803.

The adjutant general of North Carolina, also known as the Adjutant General of the North Carolina National Guard, is the head of the North Carolina National Guard. The position was established in 1806, when the Militia Acts of 1792 required each U.S. state to establish the position to better train the militia. The adjutant general is appointed by the North Carolina governor and requires five years prior military service.