1.
Lidcombe
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Lidcombe is a suburb in western Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Lidcombe is located 18 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district, in the government areas of Cumberland Council. Lidcombe is located west of Rookwood Cemetery, the largest cemetery in the Southern Hemisphere, samuel Haslam owned various grants beside Haslams Creek from 1804. A railway station called Haslams Creek was opened in area in 1859. Haslams Creek is sometimes referred to as Haslems Creek, Haslams Creek was the site of the first railway disaster in New South Wales in July 1858 which resulted in two deaths. When the necropolis opened in 1867 it was known as Haslams Creek Cemetery, residents disliked the association with the burial ground and in 1876 the suburb was renamed Rookwood from a title of a novel by William Harrison Ainsworth. The name of the station was changed to Rookwood in 1878. In 1891, the municipality of Rookwood was incorporated, over time, the necropolis had become known as Rookwood Cemetery and by 1898 residents were again agitated about the association of their suburb with the cemetery. In 1913, a new name was suggested to honour the previous mayor Mr Lidbury, syllables from the name of each alderman were combined to form the name Lidcombe on 1 January 1914. The municipality amalgamated with Auburn local government area in 1949, a large number of post-WWII European migrants, including a large number of Ukrainians, settled in the area of Lidcombe, and built a number of buildings including a church,2 halls and 2 schools. Lidcombe is still the centre of the Ukrainian community in Sydney. The population dynamics changed with the influx of Middle Eastern immigrants in the 1960s and 1970s, the two main streets are John and Joseph, named after the early colonial priest John Joseph Terry. Lidcombe railway station is an important junction station, a railway service from the Mortuary railway station, near Central railway station, once ran to a platform at the nearby Rookwood Cemetery, on the Rookwood Cemetery railway line but has since closed. Sydney Buses runs one route, Transdev NSW runs three routes and NightRide runs three routes via Lidcombe station, for full details of these services see Lidcombe Station. North of the line, Church Street is the site for the St Andrews Ukrainian Catholic Church and its presbytery, hall, school and kindergarten. John Street is the site of the Ukrainian Youth Associations Centre, South of the railway line, Joseph Street is the site for the Ukrainian National Hall and the Ukrainian Central School. Nearby is the office of The Free Thought Ukrainian newspaper, Railway Hotel is an Art Deco building in Joseph Street which has a State heritage listing. Lidcombe Hotel, John Street, is heritage-listed Royal Oak Hotel, Railway Street, is heritage-listed The Gables is a home in East Street
2.
New South Wales
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New South Wales is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south and it has a coast line with the Tasman Sea on its east side. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state, New South Wales state capital is Sydney, which is also Australias most populous city. In March 2014, the population of New South Wales was 7.5 million. Just under two-thirds of the population,4.67 million. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen, the Colony of New South Wales was founded as a penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised a more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825, in addition, the colony also included the island territories of New Zealand, Van Diemens Land, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. During the 19th century, most of the area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand. However, the Swan River Colony has never administered as part of New South Wales. Lord Howe Island remains part of New South Wales, while Norfolk Island has become a federal Territory, as have the now known as the Australian Capital Territory. The prior inhabitants of New South Wales were the Aboriginal tribes who arrived in Australia about 40,000 to 60,000 years ago, before European settlement there were an estimated 250,000 Aboriginal people in the region. The Wodi Wodi people are the custodians of the Illawarra region of South Sydney. The Bundjalung people are the custodians of parts of the northern coastal areas. The European discovery of New South Wales was made by Captain James Cook during his 1770 survey along the eastern coast of the Dutch-named continent of New Holland. In his original journal covering the survey, in triplicate to satisfy Admiralty Orders, Cook first named the land New Wales, however, in the copy held by the Admiralty, he revised the wording to New South Wales. After years of chaos and anarchy after the overthrow of Governor William Bligh, macquaries legacy is still evident today. During the 19th century, large areas were separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria. Responsible government was granted to the New South Wales colony in 1855, following the Treaty of Waitangi, William Hobson declared British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840
3.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
4.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
5.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
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Forest Lawn Memorial Park — Hollywood Hills is one of the six Forest Lawn Southern California cemeteries. It is located at 6300 Forest Lawn Dr, Los Angeles, CA90068, in the Hollywood Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Forest Lawn — Hollywood Hills is a dedicated to the preservation of American history and hosts high-profile events such as an annual Veterans Day ceremony attended by dignitaries. The park features such sights as, The Court of Liberty features statues of George Washington and Thomas Jefferson, at 162 feet long and 28 feet high, Birth of Liberty is the largest historical mosaic in the United States. It is composed of ten pieces of Venetian glass and depicts twenty-five scenes from early America. The Old North Church, a replica of Bostons historic church. The historical rooms have documents and mementos of the colonial period, the Hall of Liberty American History Museum has a copy of the Liberty Bell and other exhibits. The museum has a 1, 200-seat auditorium, monument to Washington, a marble and bronze tribute to Americas first president, created by sculptor Thomas Ball. Four of Washingtons generals are honored in the memorial, the Lincoln Terrace features a 16-foot bronze statue of the 16th president by Augustus St. Gaudens, flanked by a panoramic mosaic depicting key scenes from Lincolns life. The Plaza of Mesoamerican Heritage has indigenous/non-Christian sculptures by Meliton Salas Rodriguez, of Guadalajara, the first Forest Lawn, in Glendale, was founded in 1906 by businessmen who hired Dr. Hubert Eaton, a firm believer in a joyous life after death. Before it was a cemetery, Forest Lawn was a location used by directors such as Carl Laemmle. The climactic battle scenes for D. W. Griffiths The Birth of a Nation were filmed there. The alternate names of the site are Providencia Flats, Nestor Ranch, Oak Ranch, Oak Crest Ranch, Universal Ranch/Universal City, Lasky Ranch. When Eaton made known his desire to open a second Forest Lawn location in the Hollywood Hills, the local residents protested vehemently. To circumvent the protesters, Mr. Eaton sent his staff to the county morgue to claim 6 John Does, in the morning, the protesters had no power because, by law, the property was now a cemetery. A mausoleum, for crypt or vault interments, a crematory and columbarium, for cinerary interments. A place where six or more bodies are buried. The new mortuary and cemetery opened in 1952, interred or entombed in the Hollywood Hills cemetery are many famous people, particularly from the entertainment industry
6.
Parramatta High School
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Parramatta High School is a public, partially selective, co-educational high school located in Parramatta, a western suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. Established in 1913, the school was the first co-educational school in the Sydney metropolitan area and was previously a high school. Since 2010, it has been selective in the Parramatta region with a multicultural student base. The school offers a curriculum including elective subjects, Vocational Education. The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education, the study of Technology and Applied Science courses, such as Food Technology, Textiles, Metalwork and Woodwork is mandatory for students in Years 7 and 8, and optional for all other students. Laptops are also available for use in the School Library. There are 5 science laboratories at Parramatta High, each laboratory includes Whiteboards, A large Projector, up to 8 practical work-benches, up to 30 seats and a preparation room. These laboratories are vacant for students when necessary, overall, there are 29 classrooms,2 Music Rooms, One Sports-shed, One Library,2 Small Indoor Seating Areas,3 Quads, Benches and seats around the school, One Senior Study Centre and a School Hall. These are all available for student use, when required. There are also 7 Staffrooms, CAPA, TAS, PDHPE, HSIE, Mathematics, basketball Courts and an Oval are also available during Recess and Lunch. Parramatta High School is divided into ten departments - a diversity of related Board of Studies–endorsed subjects, the departments are, English Mathematics Science Creative Arts. Every year two sporting carnivals are held in which students compete to earn their house points, a winner of each carnival and of the overall house championship is announced each year. In 2013 Parramatta High School celebrated its centenary, marking 100 years since its establishment on 28 January 1913
7.
The Time Machine (1960 film)
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The Time Machine is a 1960 American time travel science fiction film in Metrocolor from MGM, produced and directed by George Pal, that stars Rod Taylor, Yvette Mimieux, and Alan Young. The film was based on the 1895 novella of the name by H. G. Wells that was hugely influential on the development of science fiction. In 1985 elements of film were incorporated into the documentary The Fantasy Film Worlds of George Pal. The Time Machine received an Oscar for its time-lapse photographic effects, on January 5,1900 four friends arrive for a dinner at the London home of their inventor friend H. George Wells. Bedraggled and exhausted, George arrives and begins to describe the experiences he has had since the group last met. At their earlier dinner on New Years Eve, George described time as the dimension to David Filby, Dr. Philip Hillyer, Anthony Bridewell. He shows them a small time machine and asks a guest to press a tiny lever. The device disappears, validating his claim, but his friends remain unconvinced, George bids his guests a good evening, then heads downstairs where his full-size time machine awaits. He presses a lever and moves forward through time 17 years into the future and he meets Filbys son, James, who tells him of Filbys death in the Great War. People are hurrying into a fallout shelter amid the blare of air raid sirens. An elderly James Filby urges George to immediately take cover, a nuclear explosion causes a sudden volcanic eruption around him. George continues his journey forward as the lava cools and hardens. He travels much farther into the future until the rock eventually erodes away, revealing a lush, green, George stops in AD802,701 near the base of a towering sphinx. He goes exploring and finds a group of young men and women with simple clothing gathered at a stream. One woman, carried off by the current, screams for help, George rescues her and is surprised when, revived, she walks away without a word, later, she seeks him out and gives him a flower. She says her name is Weena and tells George her people are called the Eloi, the Eloi do not operate machines, work, or read, and know little of mankinds history. That night, George discovers his machine has been dragged into the sphinx, Weena follows, telling him Morlocks, who only come out at night, have moved it. A Morlock jumps out from behind bushes and tries to drag her away, Weena has never seen fire before
8.
The Birds (film)
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The Birds is a 1963 American horror-thriller film directed by Alfred Hitchcock, loosely based on the 1952 story of the same name by Daphne du Maurier. It focuses on a series of sudden and unexplained violent bird attacks on the people of Bodega Bay, the film stars Rod Taylor and Tippi Hedren, in her screen debut, supported by Jessica Tandy, Suzanne Pleshette and Veronica Cartwright. The screenplay is by Evan Hunter, who was told by Hitchcock to develop new characters, in 2016, The Birds was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress, and selected it for preservation in its National Film Registry. Melanie Daniels, a socialite known for rather racy behavior and playing pranks. He wants to purchase a pair of lovebirds for his sisters eleventh birthday and she is infuriated when she discovers this, even though she also likes to play practical jokes. Then, intrigued by his advance, she finds his weekend address in Bodega Bay, purchases a pair of lovebirds. Discovering he is not there, she leaves the birdcage inside the Brenner family home and he spots her on the water through a pair of binoculars during her retreat, and races across the bay to head her off. She is attacked near shore on the side and injured by a seagull. He invites her to dinner, and she hesitantly agrees, Melanie gets to know Mitch, his alternately domineering and needy mother Lydia, and his younger sister Cathy. She also befriends local schoolteacher Annie Hayworth, Mitchs ex-lover, when she spends the night at Annies house they are startled by a loud thud, a gull has killed itself by flying into the front door. At Cathys birthday party the day, the guests are set upon by seagulls. The following evening, sparrows invade the Brenner home through the chimney, the next morning, Lydia, a widow who still sees to the family farmstead, pays a visit to a neighboring farmer to discuss the unusual behavior of her chickens. Finding his eyeless corpse pecked lifeless by birds, she flees in terror, after being comforted by Melanie and Mitch, she expresses concern for Cathys safety at school. Melanie drives there and waits for class to end, unaware that a murder of crows are massing in the nearby playground. Unnerved when she sees its jungle gym covered by them, she warns Annie, the commotion stirs the crows into attacking, injuring several of the children. A young girl is seriously injured after being felled by the crows and she calls on Cathy for help and Melanie pushes them into a parked car, blasting the horn as crows engulf the vehicle. Melanie calls her fathers newspaper from The Tides restaurant, several patrons describe their own encounters with aggressive bird behavior. An amateur ornithologist dismisses the reports as fanciful and argues with Melanie over them, Mitch arrives with the sheriff and corroborates Melanies claims
9.
One Hundred and One Dalmatians
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The 17th Disney animated feature film, the film tells the story of a litter of dalmatian puppies who are kidnapped by the villainous Cruella de Vil, who wants to use their fur to make into coats. Their parents, Pongo and Perdita, set out to save their children from Cruella, all the while rescuing 84 additional puppies that were bought in pet shops and it was reissued to cinemas four times, in 1969,1979,1985 and 1991. The 1991 reissue was the twentieth highest earning film of the year for domestic earnings and it was remade into a live action film in 1996. Songwriter Roger Radcliffe lives in a flat in London, along with his dalmatian. Bored with bachelor life, Pongo decides to find a wife for Roger, while watching various female dog-human pairs out the window, he spots the perfect one, a woman named Anita and her female dalmatian, Perdita. He quickly gets Roger out of the house and drags him through the park to arrange a meeting and he and Anita fall in love and get married. Later, Perdita gives birth to a litter of fifteen puppies and that same night, they are visited by Cruella De Vil, a wealthy former schoolmate of Anitas. She offers to buy the litter, but Roger says they are not for sale. A few weeks later, she hires her henchmen, Jasper and Horace, when Scotland Yard is unable to find them, Pongo and Perdita use the Twilight bark, a canine gossip line, to ask for help from the other dogs in London. When Tibbs learns they are going to be made into dog-skin fur coats, upon receiving the message, Pongo and Perdita leave town to retrieve their puppies. Winter has come, and they have to cross the Stour River which is running fast, meanwhile, Tibbs overhears Cruella ordering Jasper and Horace to kill the puppies that night out of fear the police will soon find them. In response, Tibbs attempts to rescue them while Jasper and Horace are preoccupied watching television, Pongo and Perdita break in and confront Jasper and Horace just as they are about to kill the puppies. While the adult dogs attack them, Colonel and Tibbs guide the puppies from the house, after a happy reunion with their own puppies, Pongo and Perdita realize there are dozens of others with them,99 altogether including their own. Shocked at Cruellas plans, they decide to all of them, certain that Roger. They begin making their way back to London through deep snow, other animals help them along the way. Cruella, Jasper, and Horace chase them, in one town, they cover themselves with soot so they appear to be labrador retrievers, then pile inside a moving van bound for London. As it is leaving, melting snow clears off the soot, in a rage, she follows the van in her car and rams it, but Jasper and Horace, who try to cut it off from above, end up crashing into her. Both vehicles are smashed to smithereens and fall into a deep ravine, Cruella yells in frustration as the van drives away but Jasper finally gets the courage to tell her to shut up
10.
Sydney
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Sydney /ˈsɪdni/ is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. Located on Australias east coast, the metropolis surrounds the worlds largest natural harbour, residents of Sydney are known as Sydneysiders. The Sydney area has been inhabited by indigenous Australians for at least 30,000 years, the first British settlers, led by Captain Arthur Phillip, arrived in 1788 to found Sydney as a penal colony, the first European settlement in Australia. Since convict transportation ended in the century, the city has transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural. As at June 2016 Sydneys estimated population was 5,005,358, in the 2011 census,34 percent of the population reported having been born overseas, representing many different nationalities and making Sydney one of the most multicultural cities in the world. There are more than 250 different languages spoken in Sydney and about one-third of residents speak a language other than English at home and it is classified as an Alpha+ World City by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has a market economy with strengths in finance, manufacturing. Its gross regional product was $337 billion in 2013, the largest in Australia, there is a significant concentration of foreign banks and multinational corporations in Sydney and the city is promoted as one of Asia Pacifics leading financial hubs. Its natural features include Sydney Harbour, the Royal National Park, man-made attractions such as the Sydney Opera House, Sydney Tower and the Sydney Harbour Bridge are also well known to international visitors. The first people to inhabit the now known as Sydney were indigenous Australians having migrated from northern Australia. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity first started to occur in the Sydney area from around 30,735 years ago, the earliest British settlers called them Eora people. Eora is the term the indigenous used to explain their origins upon first contact with the British. Its literal meaning is from this place, prior to the arrival of the British there were 4,000 to 8,000 native people in Sydney from as many as 29 different clans. Sydney Cove from Port Jackson to Petersham was inhabited by the Cadigal clan, the principal language groups were Darug, Guringai, and Dharawal. The earliest Europeans to visit the area noted that the people were conducting activities such as camping and fishing, using trees for bark and food, collecting shells. Development has destroyed much of the citys history including that of the first inhabitants, there continues to be examples of rock art and engravings located in the protected Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park. The first meeting between the people and the British occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay on the Kurnell Peninsula. He noted in his journal that they were confused and somewhat hostile towards the foreign visitors, Cook was on a mission of exploration and was not commissioned to start a settlement
11.
Charles Sturt
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Captain Charles Napier Sturt was a British explorer of Australia, and part of the European exploration of Australia. He led several expeditions into the interior of the continent, starting from both Sydney and later from Adelaide and his expeditions traced several of the westward-flowing rivers, establishing that they all merged into the Murray River. He was searching to determine if there was an inland sea, Charles Sturt was born in Bengal, British India, the eldest son of Thomas Lenox Napier Sturt, a judge under the British East India Company. At the age of five, Charles was sent to relations in England to be educated, an aunt made an appeal to the Prince Regent and, on 9 September 1813, Sturt was gazetted as an ensign with the 39th Regiment of Foot in the British Army. Sturt saw action with the Duke of Wellington in the Peninsular War and against the Americans in Canada, Sturt was gazetted lieutenant on 7 April 1823 and promoted captain on 15 December 1825. With a detachment from his regiment, Sturt escorted convicts aboard the Mariner to New South Wales, Sturt found the conditions and climate in New South Wales much better than he expected and he developed a great interest in the country. The Governor of New South Wales, Sir Ralph Darling, formed an opinion of Sturt and appointed him major of brigade. Sturt became friendly with John Oxley, Allan Cunningham, Hamilton Hume, Sturt was keen to explore the Australian interior, especially its rivers. Sturt received approval from Governor Darling on 4 November 1828 to explore the area of the Macquarie River in western New South Wales and it was not, however, until 10 November that the party started out. It consisted of Sturt, his servant Joseph Harris, three soldiers and eight convicts, on 27 November Sturt was joined by Hamilton Hume as his first assistant, humes experience proved to be very useful. A week was spent at Wellington Valley breaking in oxen and horses, 1828–29 was a period of drought and there was difficulty in getting sufficient water. The courses of the Macquarie, Bogan and Castlereagh rivers had been followed, and though its importance was scarcely sufficiently realized, the party returned to Wellington Valley on 21 April 1829. The expedition proved that northern New South Wales was not an inland sea, in 1829 Governor Darling approved an expedition to solve this mystery. Sturt proposed to travel down the Murrumbidgee River, whose upper reaches had been seen by the Hume, in place of Hume, who was unable to join the party, George Macleay went as a companion rather than as an assistant. A whaleboat built in sections was carried with them which was assembled, in January 1830 Sturts party reached the confluence of the Murrumbidgee and a much larger river, which Sturt named the Murray River. It was in fact the river which Hume and Hovell had crossed further upstream. Several times the party was in danger from the Aborigines but Sturt always succeeded in appeasing them, Sturt then proceeded down the Murray, until he reached the rivers confluence with the Darling. Sturt had now proved that all the western-flowing rivers eventually flowed into the Murray, in February 1830, the party reached a large lake which Sturt called Lake Alexandrina
12.
Outback
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The Outback is the vast, remote interior of Australia. Culturally, the Outback is deeply ingrained in Australian heritage, history, early European exploration of inland Australia was sporadic. More focus was on the more accessible and fertile coastal areas, the first party to successfully cross the Blue Mountains just outside Sydney was led by Gregory Blaxland in 1813,25 years after the colony was established. This contrasts with the ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition in 1860–61 which was better funded. The Overland Telegraph line was constructed in the 1870s along the route identified by Stuart, mineral exploration continues as new mineral deposits are identified and developed. While the early explorers used horses to cross the outback, the first woman to make the riding a horse was Anna Hingley. The paucity of land use has led to the Outback being recognised globally as one of the largest remaining. The savanna of northern Australia are the largest, intact savanna regions in the world, in the south, the Great Western Woodlands, which occupy 16,000,000 hectares, an area larger than all of England, are the largest remaining temperate woodland left on Earth. Reflecting the wide climatic and geological variation, the Outback contains a wealth of distinctive, the Australian Outback is full of very important well-adapted wildlife, although much of it may not be immediately visible to the casual observer. Many animals, such as red kangaroos and dingoes, hide in bushes to rest, birdlife is prolific, most often seen at waterholes at dawn and dusk. Huge flocks of budgerigars, cockatoos, corellas and galahs are often sighted, on bare ground or roads during the winter, various species of snakes and lizards bask in the sun, but they are rarely seen during the summer months. Feral animals such as camels thrive in central Australia, brought to Australia by pastoralists and explorers, feral horses known as brumbies are station horses that have run wild. Feral pigs, foxes, cats and rabbits are other imported animals that also degrade the environment, so time, the Outback is home to a diverse set of animal species, such as the kangaroo, emu and dingo. The Dingo Fence was built to restrict dingo movements into agricultural areas towards the south east of the continent, the marginally fertile parts are primarily utilised as rangelands and have been traditionally used for sheep or cattle grazing, on cattle stations which are leased from the Federal Government. While small areas of the outback consist of soils the majority has exceedingly infertile palaeosols. Riversleigh, in Queensland, is one of Australias most renowned fossil sites and was recorded as a World Heritage site in 1994, the 100 km2 area contains fossil remains of ancient mammals, birds and reptiles of Oligocene and Miocene age. The largest industry across the Outback, in terms of the occupied, is pastoralism, in which cattle, sheep. Capitalizing on the lack of improvement and absence of fertiliser and pesticide use
13.
UNSW Art & Design
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The University of New South Wales Faculty of Art and Design is the creative arts faculty of the University of New South Wales and is located on Oxford Street, Paddington, Sydney, Australia. The City Art Institute seceded from Sydney CAE in 1987 and joined the Sydney College of the Arts to create the NSW Institute of the Arts, the two institutions remained at their original locations in Paddington and Balmain but the partnership was short-lived. Still located at the original Paddington Campus, COFA was renamed UNSW Art & Design in July 2014 and its activities include teaching of and research in art, design and multi media, art history and theory and art education. It offers bachelor, master and doctoral degrees in art, art education, art theory, design. In May 2009, the Federal Government gave UNSW Art & Design $48 million, through the Education Investment Fund, UNSW Art & Design offers eighteen undergraduate degrees including some double degrees associated with other UNSW faculties. Postgraduate degrees in coursework are offered in Art, Curating and Cultural Leadership, UNSW Art & Design also offers Masters by Research degrees and has a PhD program. The Paddington campus houses the Paddington Library, which maintains a collection of art and design literature, journals, periodicals. The Ivan Dougherty Gallery, which had a schedule of exhibitions. It is replaced by the Art & Design Space, in 2007, the COFA Students Association was wound up and combined with the two previous Kensington student organisations as a new student organisation known as the Arc @ UNSW. The Arc Student Representative Council represents UNSW Art & Design students to Art & Design, the University, the Arc also provides support and funding to university clubs and societies. UNSW Galleries opened on the UNSW Art & Design campus in late 2013 with Making Change, dr Felicity Fenner is the Director of UNSW Galleries. The Kudos gallery is a student run initiative run by the Arc Kudos Gallery Management Committee, the Gallery hosts around 30 student art exhibitions per year, enabling students to gain valuable experience exhibiting and curating shows in a public gallery. In 2008 the Gallery celebrated its 10th anniversary with the exhibition Kudos to Kudos, patrick O’Farrell, UNSW, a portrait, the University of New South Wales, 1949–1999, UNSW Press,1999, ISBN 0-86840-417-9 L. M
14.
Laurence Olivier
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Laurence Kerr Olivier, Baron Olivier, OM, was an English actor who, along with his contemporaries Ralph Richardson and John Gielgud, dominated the British stage of the mid-20th century. He also worked in films throughout his career, playing more than fifty cinema roles, late in his career, he had considerable success in television roles. His family had no connections, but Oliviers father, a clergyman. After attending a school in London, Olivier learned his craft in a succession of acting jobs during the late 1920s. In 1930 he had his first important West End success in Noël Cowards Private Lives, in 1935 he played in a celebrated production of Romeo and Juliet alongside Gielgud and Peggy Ashcroft, and by the end of the decade he was an established star. In the 1940s, together with Richardson and John Burrell, Olivier was the co-director of the Old Vic, there his most celebrated roles included Shakespeares Richard III and Sophocless Oedipus. From 1963 to 1973 he was the director of Britains National Theatre. His own parts there included the role in Othello and Shylock in The Merchant of Venice. Among Oliviers films are Wuthering Heights, Rebecca, and a trilogy of Shakespeare films as actor-director, Henry V, Hamlet and his later films included Sleuth, Marathon Man, and The Boys from Brazil. His television appearances included an adaptation of The Moon and Sixpence, Long Days Journey into Night, Love Among the Ruins, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, Brideshead Revisited, Oliviers honours included a knighthood, a life peerage and the Order of Merit. For his on-screen work he received four Academy Awards, two British Academy Film Awards, five Emmy Awards and three Golden Globe Awards. The National Theatres largest auditorium is named in his honour, and he is commemorated in the Laurence Olivier Awards, given annually by the Society of London Theatre. He was married three times, to the actresses Jill Esmond from 1930 to 1940, Vivien Leigh from 1940 to 1960, Olivier was born in Dorking, Surrey, the youngest of the three children of the Revd Gerard Kerr Olivier and his wife Agnes Louise, née Crookenden. Their elder children were Sybille and Gerard Dacres Dickie and his great-great-grandfather was of French Huguenot descent, and Olivier came from a long line of Protestant clergymen. Gerard Olivier had begun a career as a schoolmaster, but in his thirties he discovered a strong religious vocation and was ordained as a priest of the Church of England and he practised extremely high church, ritualist Anglicanism and liked to be addressed as Father Olivier. This made him unacceptable to most Anglican congregations, and the church posts he was offered were temporary. This meant a nomadic existence, and for Laurences first few years, in 1912, when Olivier was five, his father secured a permanent appointment as assistant priest at St Saviours, Pimlico. He held the post for six years, and a family life was at last possible
15.
The Old Vic
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The Old Vic is a theatre located just south-east of Waterloo station in London on the corner of The Cut and Waterloo Road. Established in 1818 as the Royal Coburg Theatre, and renamed in 1833 the Royal Victoria Theatre, in 1871 it was rebuilt and reopened as the Royal Victoria Palace. It was taken over by Emma Cons in 1880 and formally named the Royal Victoria Hall, in 1898, a niece of Cons, Lilian Baylis assumed management and began a series of Shakespeare productions in 1914. The building was damaged in 1940 during air raids and it became a Grade II* listed building in 1951 after it reopened. It was also the name of a company that was based at the theatre and formed the core of the National Theatre of Great Britain on its formation in 1963. The National Theatre remained at the Old Vic until new premises were constructed on the South Bank, the Old Vic then became the home of Prospect Theatre Company, at that time a highly successful touring company which staged such acclaimed productions as Derek Jacobis Hamlet. However, with the withdrawal of funding for the company by the Arts Council of Great Britain in 1980 for breaching its touring obligations, the theatre underwent complete refurbishment in 1985. In 2003, Kevin Spacey was appointed as new director of the Old Vic Theatre Company which received considerable media attention. In 2015, Matthew Warchus succeeded Spacey as artistic director, the theatre was a minor theatre and was thus technically forbidden to show serious drama. Nevertheless, when the theatre passed to George Bolwell Davidge in 1824 he succeeded in bringing legendary actor Edmund Kean south of the river to play six Shakespeare plays in six nights. More popular staples in the repertoire were sensational and violent melodramas demonstrating the evils of drink, churned out by the house dramatist, confirmed teetotaller Douglas Jerrold. On 1 July 1833, the theatre was renamed the Royal Victoria Theatre, under the protection and patronage of Victoria, Duchess of Kent, mother to Princess Victoria, the 14-year-old heir presumptive. The duchess and the princess visited only once, on 28 November of that year, the single visit scarcely justified the Old Vic its later billing as Queen Victorias Own Theayter. By 1835, the theatre was advertising itself simply as the Victoria Theatre, in 1841, David Osbaldiston took over as lessee, succeeded on his death in 1850 by his lover and the theatres leading lady, Eliza Vincent, until her death in 1856. Under their management, the theatre remained devoted to melodrama, in 1867, Joseph Arnold Cave took over as lessee. In 1871 he transferred the lease to Romaine Delatorre, who raised funds for the theatre to be rebuilt in the style of the Alhambra Music Hall, jethro Thomas Robinson was engaged as the architect. In September 1871 the old theatre closed, and the new building opened as the Royal Victoria Palace in December of the same year, by 1873, however, Cave had left and Delatorres venture failed. The penny lectures given in the led to the foundation of Morley College, an adult education college
16.
Richard III (play)
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Richard III is a historical play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in approximately 1592. It depicts the Machiavellian rise to power and subsequent short reign of King Richard III of England, the play is grouped among the histories in the First Folio and is most often classified as such. Occasionally, however, as in the edition, it is termed a tragedy. Richard III concludes Shakespeares first tetralogy and it is the second longest play in the canon after Hamlet, and is the longest of the First Folio, whose version of Hamlet is shorter than its Quarto counterpart. The play is rarely performed unabridged, often, certain characters are removed entirely. In such instances extra lines are often invented or added from elsewhere in the sequence to establish the nature of characters relationships. Now is the winter of our discontent Made glorious summer by this sun of York, Richard is an ugly hunchback who is rudely stampd, deformed, unfinishd, and cannot strut before a wanton ambling nymph. He responds to the anguish of his condition with an outcasts credo, Richard now schemes to woo the Lady Anne – Anne Neville, widow of the Lancastrian Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales. He confides to the audience, Ill marry Warwicks youngest daughter, what, though I killd her husband and her father. The scene then changes to reveal Lady Anne accompanying the corpse of the late king Henry VI, along with Trestle and Berkeley, on its way to be interred at St Pauls cathedral. She asks them to set down the honourable load – if honour may be shrouded in a hearse, Richard suddenly appears and demands that the unmannerd dog carrying the hearse set it down, at which point a brief verbal wrangling takes place. Despite initially hating him, Anne is won over by his pleas of love and repentance, when she leaves, Richard exults in having won her over despite all he has done to her, and tells the audience that he will discard her once she has served her purpose. The atmosphere at court is poisonous, The established nobles are at odds with the upwardly mobile relatives of Queen Elizabeth, Queen Margaret, Henry VIs widow, returns in defiance of her banishment and warns the squabbling nobles about Richard. Queen Margaret curses Richard and the rest who were present, the nobles, all Yorkists, reflexively unite against this last Lancastrian, and the warning falls on deaf ears. Richard orders two murderers to kill Clarence in the tower, Clarence, meanwhile, relates a dream to his keeper. The dream includes vivid language describing Clarence falling from a ship as a result of Gloucester. Under the water Clarence sees the skeletons of thousands of men that fishes gnawed upon and he also sees wedges of gold, great anchors, heaps of pearl, inestimable stones, unvalued jewels. All of these are scatterd in the bottom of the sea, Clarence adds that some of the jewels were in the skulls of the dead
17.
Mark Foy's
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Mark Foys Limited or Mark Foys was a department store in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, founded by Francis Foy and his brother Mark Foy. The department store was named after their father, Mark Foy, after first establishing their store on Oxford Street in 1885, the Foy brothers opened The Piazza in 1909 on Liverpool Street. This was a store designed by architects Arthur McCredie & Arthur Anderson with a turreted mansard roof. The building partially modelled on the Parisian Bon Marche department store, premises in 1909, and its piazza, chandeliers, marble and sumptuous ballroom made it a Sydney institution and one of Australias foremost fashion stores. The store had Australias first escalator, the store stretched around a whole city block and gave rise to the colloquial saying, when referring to a person of overweening confidence, Youve got more front than Mark Foys. The store was remodelled in 1927, the store was linked in 1926 to the newly opened Museum Railway Station by underground subway. The company had their most profitable year in 1954/1955, with the decline of the Liverpool Street area in the 1950s and 1960s, Mark Foys began to experience financial decline declaring their first financial loss in 1966/1967. A store was opened at Rockdale in 1963 in the Southside Plaza, the Rockdale store was extensively damaged by fire in 1967. Rebuilt, it became a McDowells store and then was rebranded as Waltons in 1972, in 1964 Mark Foys opened a store in the Sydney suburb of Eastwood and in 1966 at Burwood in the Burwood Westfield Shopping Town. The Eastwood Store became a McDowells store and then a Waltons and it is now the IGA supermarket/Eastwood Village Shopping Centre. Other stores were opened across Sydneys suburbs at Chatswood, Northbridge, Double Bay, in 1968 Mark Foys was taken over by McDowells Holding Ltd. IN1972, McDowells was in turn acquired by Waltons, after Waltons was split in 1987, six stores were sold to Mr George Bloomfield of Australian clothing manufacturer Wraggs. The stores still trading as Mark Foys, were again to Clothing retailer Richards in November,1986. In 1980, when it ceased trading after going into receivership, the natural shift of the retailing hub further north of the CBD, around Pitt Street Mall, led to its closure. The City Piazza building is now used as a complex of state known as the Downing Centre. However, its role is preserved in the ornate tilework on the facade. The Mark Foys warehouse is a brownstone building located in nearby Goulburn Street. Mark Foy also founded the Hydro Majestic Hotel at Medlow Bath near Katoomba, and Australias oldest open boat sailing club, the Sydney Flying Squadron, founded in 1891
18.
Israel Hands
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Israel Hands was an 18th-century pirate, also known as Basilica Hands. He is best known for being second in command to the infamous pirate Edward Teach, Hands first historical mention was in 1718, when Blackbeard gave him command of David Herriots ship Adventure after Herriot was captured by Teach in March 1718. During the winter of 1717–1718 Blackbeard harassed shipping sailing to and from the port of Vera Cruz, Mexico, on April 4th or 5th of 1718, at Turneffe Atoll, Blackbeard captured the ten gun logwood cutting sloop Adventure and forced its captain Herriot to join him. Also on board was Edward Robinson, the gunner, who would later be involved in the Battle of Cape Fear River. Blackbeard then made Israel Hands captain of the Adventure and began sailing for North Carolina, later, in June 1718, Teach ran his flagship, the Queen Annes Revenge, aground at Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina. He requested assistance from Hands and the Adventure in an effort to kedge the Queen Annes Revenge off the bar, but the Adventure also grounded and was abandoned. Teach, Hands and Stede Bonnet then took half the pirates, marooning the rest. Captain Charles Johnson wrote that Hands was shot in the knee by Teach after Teach fired at another of his crew, missing him but striking Hands. Hands supposedly asked Teach for his reasons, whereupon Teach remarked that, if he did not now and then one of them. Another theory is that Teach shot him so that he would not die in the battle against Lt. Robert Maynard, on November 22,1718, Teach was killed by troops dispatched from Virginia and led by Maynard. At the time Hands was in Bath, North Carolina, recuperating from his permanently disabling pistol wound, however, he was unable to escape the roundup of pirates in Bath that followed Blackbeards death. Following his capture, he and fifteen others were taken to Williamsburg, Virginia, what happened to Hands after this is not known for certain. However, in Captain Charles Johnsons A General History of the Pyrates, Hands is featured in a prolonged battle with Jim Hawkins before being shot by the boy. Israel Hands is also the name of a gunner in the 1990 book Chasing Morning by Michael Scott Rohan, geoffrey Keen in the 1950 version and Rod Taylor in its 1954 sequel film, Long John Silver. Though believed to have killed in the first film, a return expedition to Treasure Island finds Israel Hands alive. Michael Halsey in the 1990 version, in Disneys 2002 animated feature Treasure Planet, Hands is replaced with a spider/crab-like pirate named Scroop, the films antagonist. He is voiced by Michael Wincott, irish actor David Wilmot portrays Hands in the fourth season of Starz’s Treasure Island prequel series Black Sails. Mark Noble in the 2006 documentary Blackbeard, Terror at Sea, anthony Green in the 2006 television movie Blackbeard which starred Angus Macfadyen in the title role
19.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas
20.
Long John Silver (film)
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It was shot in CinemaScope and colour at the Pagewood Studios, Sydney, and the same company went on to make a 26 episode TV series with the same actors, called The Adventures of Long John Silver. The director, Byron Haskin, had directed Treasure Island in 1950, Long John Silver should not be confused with the 1954 American film, Return to Treasure Island, starring Tab Hunter and Dawn Addams. The movie is set some time after the events of Treasure Island, Long John Silver receives grave news from Dod Perch of a massacre by Mendoza, who had also kidnapped Governor Strongs daughter Elizabeth for ransom along with Jim Hawkins. Long John also learns of a second treasure cache on Treasure Island, Long John visits Governor Strong and his wife and proposes to deliver the ransom before they pursue Mendoza. During the pickup of the ransom, Long John goes with Billy Bowlegs to Mendozas ship, Long John, invited on the ship, suggests to Mendoza that he leave Elizabeth on shore and lure the governors warships away in order to sack the kings warehouses. As Mendoza carries out the plan, Long John finds that Jim possesses the pirate medallion indicating the second treasures location. Mendoza begins to double cross Long John, but Long John his men to ambush and capture Mendoza along with the fortune, while Jim. Back at the house, Jim is offered the chance to go back to England. Long John seizes an opportunity to charter Captain MacDougalls ship for the voyage, Long John sets off, avoiding becoming engaged to Purity Pinker, and barely escaping the alert local sentries. Long John plots a mutiny on Captain MacDougalls ship, macDougall discovers Long Johns plan and decides to maroon Long John and his men on an island that is the secret hideout of Mendoza. Jim sets fire to Mendozas warehouse so that Long John and his crew can capture Mendozas ship, as Long John sails for Treasure Island, Mendoza awaits his next ship. Once on Treasure Island, Long John and his men take shelter in the stockade from Israel Hands, who had survived Jims shot some time ago, Israel keeps Long John and his men trapped, killing them a few at a time. Soon, Mendozas men arrive, and Israel offers to side with Long John in return for a passage to Cornwall, after they flee, Mendoza burns down the stockade. Long John follows the trail of the map to the caves where the treasure is buried, Israel tries to kill Jim, but Jim leads him to the coast, where Israel plunges to his death. Long John returns as a citizen, but he and Jim ride off. Because the novel was in the domain, producer Joseph Kaufman decided to make a sequel in which Newton reprised his role. The film was produced by Treasure Island Pictures Pty. Ltd, the companys dominant shareholder and financier was Joseph Kaufman. The minor shareholders were director Byron Haskin, writer Martin Rackin, part of the funding from the film came from notorious Wall Street financier Louis Wolfson
21.
Treasure Island
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Treasure Island is an adventure novel by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson, narrating a tale of buccaneers and buried gold. Treasure Island is traditionally considered a story and is noted for its atmosphere, characters. It is one of the most frequently dramatized of all novels and it was first published as a book on 14 November 1883, by Cassell & Co. A seaman with intact legs shows up, frightening Billy—who drinks far too much rum—into a stroke, and Billy tells Jim that his former shipmates covet the contents of his sea chest. After a visit from yet another man, Billy has another stroke and dies, Jim and his mother unlock the sea chest, finding some money, a journal, and a map. The local physician, Dr. Livesey, deduces that the map is of an island where a deceased pirate—Captain Flint—buried a vast treasure, the district squire, Trelawney, proposes buying a ship and going after the treasure, taking Livesey as ships doctor and Jim as cabin boy. PART II—THE SEA COOK Several weeks later, Trelawney sends for Jim and Livesey and introduces them to Long John Silver, a one-legged Bristol tavern-keeper whom he has hired as ships cook. They also meet Captain Smollett, who tells them that he dislikes most of the crew on the voyage, after taking a few precautions, however, they set sail on Trelawnys schooner, the Hispaniola, for the distant island. During the voyage, the first mate, a drunkard, disappears overboard, and just before the island is sighted, Jim—concealed in an apple barrel—overhears Silver talking with two other crewmen. They are all former gentlemen ofortune in Flints crew and have planned a mutiny, the men still on the ship, led by the coxswain Israel Hands, run up the pirate flag. The next morning, Silver appears under a flag of truce, offering terms that the captain refuses, at Smolletts refusal to surrender the map, Silver threatens an attack, and, within a short while, the attack on the stockade is launched. PART V—MY SEA ADVENTURE After a battle, the surviving mutineers retreat, having lost six men, when Livesey leaves in search of Gunn, Jim runs away without permission and finds Gunns homemade coracle. After dark, he goes out and cuts the ship adrift, the two pirates on board, Hands and OBrien, interrupt their drunken quarrel to run on deck, but the ship—with Jims boat in her wake—is swept out to sea on the ebb tide. Exhausted, Jim falls asleep in the boat and wakens the next morning, bobbing along on the west coast of the island, eventually, he encounters the ship, which seems deserted, but getting on board, he finds OBrien dead and Hands badly wounded. He and Hands agree that they will beach the ship at an inlet on the northern coast of the island, as the ship is finally beached, Hands attempts to kill Jim but is himself killed in the attempt. Then, after securing the ship as well as he can, Jim goes back ashore, once there, in utter darkness, he enters the blockhouse—to be greeted by Silver and the remaining five mutineers, who have somehow taken over the stockade in his absence. PART VI—CAPTAIN SILVER Silver and the others argue about whether to kill Jim and he tells Jim that, when everyone found the ship was gone, the captains party agreed to a treaty whereby they gave up the stockade and the map. In the morning, the doctor arrives to treat the wounded and sick pirates, after he leaves, Silver and the others set out with the map, taking Jim along as hostage
22.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
23.
Lloyd Bochner
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Lloyd Wolfe Bochner was a Canadian actor. At the age of 11, Bochner began his career on Ontario radio programs. He went on to garner two Liberty Awards, the highest acting honour in Canada, for his work in Canadian film, in 1951, he moved to New York City and appeared in early television series such as One Mans Family and Kraft Television Theatre. In 1960, ABC called with a role in the series Hong Kong with co-star Rod Taylor. Faced against NBCs Wagon Train, then one of the most highly rated programs on the air, in 1961, he guest-starred in The Americans, an American Civil War drama about how the conflict divided families, starring Darryl Hickman. From 1963 to 1964, Bochner was a member of the repertory cast of NBCs The Richard Boone Show, in 1964, he guest-starred in the Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea season-one episode The Fear-Makers. Later that year, he appeared as murderer Eric Pollard in the Perry Mason episode, in 1965, he guest-starred on ABCs Western series The Legend of Jesse James starring Christopher Jones in the title role. Two years later, he appeared on the ABC military-Western Custer starring Wayne Maunder in the title role and he appeared twice on the long-running television Western The Virginian in the 1960s. Bochner is also smooth and malicious as the gangster Carter against Lee Marvin in John Boormans seminal 1960s film noir Point Blank. In 1960, he starred in an adaptation of A. J. Cronins The Citadel along with Ann Blyth and his son Paul said he almost always played a suave, handsome, wealthy villain. A typical and famous Bochner role was that of the scheming Cecil Colby on Dynasty, a few years later, Bochner planned to star as C. C. Capwell on the daytime drama Santa Barbara, but a heart attack caused his departure from the series, in 1998, Bochner co-founded the Committee to End Violence, a panel designed to study the impact violent images had on culture. He was also active in Association of Canadian Radio and Television Artists and was an amateur radio operator. That same year he appeared in 12 OClock High, playing the British officer, Major Mallory, in 1969, Bochner played a handsome warlock named Franklyn in a season-five episode of Bewitched, titled Marriage Witches Style. In 1970, Bochner played a strangler on Hawaii Five-O in the episode called Beautiful Screamer. Later on Hawaii Five-O, he was the Navy captain in a 1975 episode called Murder and he also appeared in Hawaii Five-O season 12 in an episode called Clash of the Shadows as a Jewish diplomat. He was Commandant Leiter in the Battlestar Galactica original-series episode Greetings from Earth and he also appeared as a Royal Air Force officer and his German double on an episode of Hogans Heroes in the episode A Funny Thing Happened On the Way To London. He played a coach in Columbo, The Most Dangerous Match
24.
Hong Kong (TV series)
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Hong Kong was set in the then British Crown Colony of Hong Kong. Taylor portrayed Glenn Evans, an American journalist who worked in the exotic Far Eastern city and his search for stories led him into encounters with smugglers, murderers, drug peddlers, and mysterious women who would disappear behind beaded curtains. Taylor’s principal costars were Lloyd Bochner, who portrayed Chief Inspector Neil Campbell, Kruschen appeared in the film as well, in a role different from the one he played in the series. The series premiered on Wednesday, September 28,1960, and ceased new episodes on March 29,1961, CBS at the hour offered the short-lived The Aquanauts, renamed at mid-season as Malibu Run. The show struggled in the ratings against Wagon Train and was cancelled after one season, however it proved popular in syndication and was the third most popular drama series on TV in Australia in 1961. Rod Taylor. Glenn Evans Lloyd Bochner. Neil Campbell Harold Fong. Ahting Gerald Jann. Ling Jack Kruschen. Tully Mai Tai Sing. com
25.
Hell on Frisco Bay
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Hell on Frisco Bay is a 1955 American Warnercolor film noir crime film directed by Frank Tuttle, starring Alan Ladd, Edward G. Robinson and Joanne Dru. It was made for Ladds own production company, Jaguar, the film featured an early Hollywood appearance by Australian actor Rod Taylor. His part was written especially by Martin Rackin, who worked with Taylor on Long John Silver, after five years in San Quentin prison, former policeman Steve Rollins is released. Unjustly convicted of manslaughter in a mans death, Steve is met by a friend from the force, Dan Bianco, and by wife Marcia. Steve goes to the San Francisco waterfront looking for a fisherman named Rogani who supposedly has proof that can clear his name, the docks are run by racketeer Victor Amato, who is forcing out dock leader Lou Flaschetti. A couple of thugs who work for the mobster, Lye and Hammy, come to confront Steve, Marcia tries to explain to Steve that she was lonely while he was in prison and cheated on him just once. He is reluctant to trust her, Rogani and Flaschetti, meantime, both end up dead. Steve manages to get information from Amatos mild-mannered nephew, Mario. Lye is told by Amato to murder Mario, even though the boy is the mob bosss blood relative. Lye reluctantly follows orders, but when he discovers Amato behind his back has made a pass at Kay Stanley, and so is Amatos long-suffering wife, Anna, who tells Steve where to find him. With the cops closing in and others after him, too, in a showdown, Amato gets the better of Lye, then attempts to flee on a speedboat. Steve swims to the boat and fights with Amato on board, the boat crashes into a lighthouse. Amato, dazed and defeated, is taken into custody, Steve, his reputation restored, considers going back to police work and also giving Marcia a second chance. The film was based on the novel The Darkest Hour by William P. McGivern, film rights were bought by Alan Ladds Jaguar Productions in August 1954 as a vehicle for Ladd. The movie was financed by Warner Bros, which had just made Drum Beat with Ladd, the novel was serialized in Colliers magazine. Ladd had wanted James Cagney to co-star but Edward G. Robinson was cast instead and he hired Frank Tuttle to direct, Tuttle had cast Ladd in This Gun for Hire, the movie that made him a star. Much of the film was shot on location throughout San Francisco, extensive shooting was done in and around the Fishermans Wharf and San Francisco Bay. Stuntman Louis Tomei was doubling for Robinson in a scene on a motorboat that marked the climax of the movie
26.
Giant (1956 film)
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Giant is a 1956 American epic Western drama film, directed by George Stevens from a screenplay adapted by Fred Guiol and Ivan Moffat from Edna Ferbers 1952 novel. Giant was the last of James Deans three films as a actor, and earned him his second and last Academy Award nomination – he was killed in a car accident before the film was released. Nick Adams was called in to do some voice dubbing for Deans role, in 2005, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Wealthy Texas rancher Jordan Bick Benedict Jr. travels to Maryland to buy a horse, there he meets and courts socialite Leslie Lynnton, who ends a budding relationship with British diplomat Sir David Karfrey and marries Bick after a whirlwind romance. They return to Texas to start their life together on the ranch, Reata. Leslie meets Jett Rink, a handyman, and he becomes infatuated with her. Leslie discovers on a ride with Jett that the local Mexican workers living conditions are terrible, after tending to one of the Mexican children, Angel Obregon II, she presses Bick to take steps to improve their condition. When riding Leslies beloved horse, War Winds, Luz expresses her hostility for Leslie by cruelly digging in her spurs, War Winds bucks her off and she leaves Jett a small piece of land on the Benedict ranch. Bick, who despises Jett, tries to buy back the land, Jett makes the land his home and names it Little Reata. Over the next ten years, Leslie and Bick have twins, Jordan II and Judy, Jett strikes oil on his land and drives to the Benedict house, covered in crude, to proclaim to the Benedicts that he will be richer than them. Jett makes a pass at Leslie, and this leads to a fistfight with Bick before he drives off. Jetts oil drilling company prospers over the years, and he tries to persuade Bick to let him drill for oil on Reata, Bick is determined to preserve his family legacy, however, and refuses. Meanwhile, tensions arise regarding the now-grown children, Bick insists that Jordy succeed him and run the ranch, but Jordy wants to become a doctor. Leslie wants Judy to attend finishing school in Switzerland, but Judy wants to study animal husbandry at Texas Tech, both children succeed in pursuing their own vocations, each asking one parent to convince the other to let them have their way. At the family Christmas party, Bick tries to interest Judys new husband, Bob Dace, in working on the ranch after he returns from the declared war. Jett arrives and persuades Bick to allow oil production on his land, realizing that his children will not take over the ranch when he retires, Bick agrees. Luz II, now in her teens, starts flirting with Jett, once oil production starts on the ranch, the Benedict family becomes even wealthier and more powerful. Meanwhile, the now-grown Angel is killed in the war, the Benedict–Rink rivalry comes to a head when the Benedicts discover that Luz II and the much older Jett have been dating
27.
Western (genre)
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Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats, bandannas, spurs, cowboy boots and buckskins. Other characters include Native Americans, bandits, lawmen, bounty hunters, outlaws, mounted cavalry, settlers, Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape of deserts and mountains. Often, the vast landscape plays an important role, presenting a. mythic vision of the plains, specific settings include ranches, small frontier towns, saloons, railways and isolated military forts of the Wild West. Many Westerns use a plot of depicting a crime, then showing the pursuit of the wrongdoer, ending in revenge and retribution. The Western was the most popular Hollywood genre, from the early 20th century to the 1960s, Western films first became well-attended in the 1930s. John Fords landmark Western adventure Stagecoach became one of the biggest hits in 1939, Westerns were very popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the most acclaimed Westerns were released during this time – including High Noon, Shane, The Searchers, the Western depicts a society organized around codes of honor and personal, direct or private justice–frontier justice–dispensed by gunfights. These honor codes are played out through depictions of feuds or individuals seeking personal revenge or retribution against someone who has wronged them. The popular perception of the Western is a story that centers on the life of a semi-nomadic wanderer, a showdown or duel at high noon featuring two or more gunfighters is a stereotypical scene in the popular conception of Westerns. In some ways, such protagonists may be considered the descendants of the knight errant which stood at the center of earlier extensive genres such as the Arthurian Romances. And like knights errant, the heroes of Westerns frequently rescue damsels in distress, similarly, the wandering protagonists of Westerns share many characteristics with the ronin in modern Japanese culture. The Western typically takes these elements and uses them to tell simple morality tales, Westerns often stress the harshness and isolation of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid, desolate landscape. Apart from the wilderness, it is usually the saloon that emphasizes that this is the Wild West, it is the place to go for music, women, gambling, drinking, brawling and shooting. The American Film Institute defines western films as those set in the American West that embodies the spirit, the struggle, the term Western, used to describe a narrative film genre, appears to have originated with a July 1912 article in Motion Picture World Magazine. Most of the characteristics of Western films were part of 19th century popular Western fiction and were firmly in place before film became an art form. Protagonists ride between dusty towns and cattle ranches on their trusty steeds, Western films were enormously popular in the silent film era. With the advent of sound in 1927-28, the major Hollywood studios rapidly abandoned Westerns, leaving the genre to smaller studios and these smaller organizations churned out countless low-budget features and serials in the 1930s. Released through United Artists, Stagecoach made John Wayne a mainstream star in the wake of a decade of headlining B westerns
28.
Cheyenne (TV series)
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Cheyenne is an American western television series of 108 black-and-white episodes broadcast on ABC from 1955 to 1963. The show was the first hour-long western, and in fact the first hour-long dramatic series of any kind, with continuing characters, the series began as a part of Warner Brothers Presents, a wheel program that alternated three different series in rotation. In its first year, Cheyenne traded broadcast weeks with Casablanca, thereafter, Cheyenne was overhauled by new producer Roy Huggins and left the umbrella of WBP. The show starred Clint Walker, a native of Illinois, as Cheyenne Bodie, the episode reveals that Bodies parents were massacred by Indians, the tribe of which is unknown. He was taken by Cheyenne Indians when he was ten years old, in the series the character Bodie maintains a positive and understanding attitude toward the Native Americans despite the slaughter of his parents. The interim saw the introduction of a virtual Bodie-clone called Bronco Layne, played by Ty Hardin, born in New York City, Hardin was featured as the quasi main character during Bodies absence. When Warners renegotiated Walkers contract and the returned to the show in 1959, Bronco was spun off as a show in its own right. For most of their runs, Cheyenne, Bronco, and Sugarfoot, starring Will Hutchins, Cheyenne was the senior partner of the three. Only a snippet of the Bronco theme song was heard in the opening credits, occasionally Cheyenne, Bronco, and Sugarfoot appeared together in the same episode of each others series. In the 1961 Cheyenne episode Duel at Judas Basin, Walker, Hardin, the trapper has also framed Tom Sugarfoot Brewster for murder. He told reporters that he felt like a caged animal, though Cheyenne aired for seven years, the series made only 108 episodes because it was in repeated alternation with other programs and was out of production during Clint Walkers contract dispute. However, because Cheyenne Bodie never appeared in Ragan, the two programs are only tenuously linked. Walker reprised the Cheyenne Bodie character in 1991 for the TV-movie The Gambler Returns, The Luck of the Draw and also played Cheyenne in an episode of Kung Fu, The Legend Continues in 1995. Claude Akins was cast as tough-minded Sheriff Bob Walters, with Gail Kobe as Della Carver, chris Alcaide appeared as Deputy Hack in Star in the Dust and as Harry Thomas in The Quick and the Deadly. Evelyn Ankers appeared as saloon owner Robbie James, who tries to keep her daughter from learning about her occupation, R. G. Armstrong was cast as Nathanael Grimm in The Return of Mr. Grimm. In the story line, the wealthy Grimm seeks the hanging of Sheriff Cheyenne Bodie for the homicide of Grimms wayward son. Grimm closes the businesses he controls in town, and the threatened townsmen demand that Bodie stand trial though no crime has been committed, anita Sands appears as Grimms secret daughter-in-law, Grace Evans, who unknown to him is carrying his grandson. Barry Atwater played George A. Custer, with Liam Sullivan as Marcus Reno, in the episode, Gold, Glory, and Custer - Prelude and Gold, Glory
29.
American Broadcasting Company
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The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City. There are additional offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank. Since 2007, when ABC Radio was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC originally launched on October 12,1943, as a radio network, separated from and serving as the successor to the NBC Blue Network, which had been purchased by Edward J. Noble. It extended its operations to television in 1948, following in the footsteps of established broadcast networks CBS, in the mid-1950s, ABC merged with United Paramount Theatres, a chain of movie theaters that formerly operated as a subsidiary of Paramount Pictures. Leonard Goldenson, who had been the head of UPT, made the new television network profitable by helping develop, in 1996, most of Capital Cities/ABCs assets were purchased by The Walt Disney Company. The television network has eight owned-and-operated and over 232 affiliated television stations throughout the United States, most Canadians have access to at least one U. S. ABC News provides news and features content for radio stations owned by Citadel Broadcasting. In the 1930s, radio in the United States was dominated by three companies, the Columbia Broadcasting System, the Mutual Broadcasting System and the National Broadcasting Company. The last was owned by electronics manufacturer Radio Corporation of America, in 1938, the FCC began a series of investigations into the practices of radio networks and published its report on the broadcasting of network radio programs in 1940. The report recommended that RCA give up control of either NBC Red or NBC Blue, at that time, the NBC Red Network was the principal radio network in the United States and, according to the FCC, RCA was using NBC Blue to eliminate any hint of competition. Once Mutuals appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, the newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, Edward John Noble, the owner of Life Savers candy, drugstore chain Rexall and New York City radio station WMCA, purchased the network for $8 million. Due to FCC ownership rules, the transaction, which was to include the purchase of three RCA stations by Noble, would require him to resell his station with the FCCs approval, the Commission authorized the transaction on October 12,1943. Soon afterward, the Blue Network was purchased by the new company Noble founded, Noble subsequently acquired the rights to the American Broadcasting Company name from George B. Meanwhile, in August 1944, the West Coast division of the Blue Network, both stations were then managed by Don Searle, the vice-president of the Blue Networks West Coast division. The ABC Radio Network created its audience slowly, the network also became known for such suspenseful dramas as Sherlock Holmes, Gang Busters and Counterspy, as well as several mid-afternoon youth-oriented programs. S. From Nazi Germany after its conquest, to pre-record its programming, while its radio network was undergoing reconstruction, ABC found it difficult to avoid falling behind on the new medium of television. To ensure a space, in 1947, ABC submitted five applications for television station licenses, the ABC television network made its debut on April 19,1948, with WFIL-TV in Philadelphia becoming its first primary affiliate
30.
Clint Walker
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Norman Eugene Clint Walker is a retired American actor and singer. He is perhaps best known for his role as cowboy Cheyenne Bodie in the ABC/Warner Brothers western series Cheyenne, Walker was born in Hartford, Illinois, the son of Gladys Huldah and Paul Arnold Walker. He had a sister named Lucy. Walker left school to work at a factory and on a river boat, after leaving the Merchant Marine, he worked doing odd jobs in Brownwood, Texas, Long Beach, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada, where he worked as a doorman at the Sands Hotel. Walker was also employed as a metal worker and a nightclub bouncer. Walker became a client of Henry Willson, who renamed him Jett Norman, in Los Angeles, he was hired by Cecil B. DeMille to appear in The Ten Commandments, a friend in the film industry helped get him a few bit parts that brought him to the attention of Warner Brothers, which was developing a western style television series. Walkers good looks and imposing physique helped him land an audition where he won the role in the TV series Cheyenne. Billed as Clint Walker, he was cast as Cheyenne Bodie, while the series regularly capitalized on Walkers rugged frame with frequent bare-chested scenes, it was also well written and acted. It proved hugely popular for eight seasons, Walkers pleasant baritone singing voice was also occasionally utilized on the series and led Warner Brothers to produce an album of Walker doing traditional songs and ballads. And there is something winning about his taciturn earnestness as an actor, in 1958, Thompson described the actor, then starring in Fort Dobbs, as the biggest, finest-looking Western hero ever to sag a horse, with a pair of shoulders rivaling King Kongs. During the 1970s he returned to television, starring in a number of western films as well as a short-lived series in 1974 called Kodiak. He starred in the cult film Killdozer. In 1998, he voiced Nick Nitro in the film Small Soldiers, Walker met western author Kirby Jonas through James Drury, a mutual friend. Jonas and Walker subsequently spent two years collaborating on a storyline by Walker involving gold and the Yaqui, a partnership led to the publication of the 2003 Western novel Yaqui Gold. Walker has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 1505 Vine Street, in 2004, he was inducted into the Hall of Great Western Performers at the National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Walker married Verna Garver in 1948, they divorced 1968 and had one daughter, Valerie, Walker married Giselle Hennesy in 1974, she died in 1994. Walker then married Susan Cavallari in 1997 and he currently lives in Grass Valley, California
31.
Edward Andrews
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Edward Andrews was an American stage, film and television actor. Andrews was one of the most recognizable character actors on television and his stark white hair, imposing build and horn-rimmed glasses added to the type of roles he received, as he was often cast as an ornery boss, a cagey businessman, or other officious types. Andrews was born in Griffin, Georgia, the son of an Episcopal minister, and grew up in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Cleveland, Ohio, and Wheeling, West Virginia. As a child, he attended Pittsburghs Nixon Theatre and would nab a balcony seat so as to catch a view of the headliners. At the age of twelve, he did a walk-on in a theatre production which featured James Gleason. He attended the University of Virginia, and at age 21, made his debut in 1935. During this period, Andrews starred in the short-lived but very well received military drama So Proudly We Hail in the role opposite Richard Cromwell. In 1936, Andrews debuted in the film Rushin Art, however, it was not until 1955 that he appeared in his second film. Tora. as Admiral Harold R. Stark, How to Frame a Figg, The Million Dollar Duck, Now You See Him, Now You Dont, Charley and the Angel and he played the character of Grandpa Howard Baker in John Hughes 1984 film Sixteen Candles. His final appearance in a film was in Gremlins. B. I. Andrews was a regular on the ABC series, Broadside as Commander Roger Adrian and he had previously filmed the pilot for the popular series Hazel in the role of George Baxter. His was the only role re-cast when the show went to series, the other cast members stayed with the show. He also had the role as Harry Flood in the short lived NBC series Supertrain, at the time. Nine episodes were made, including a 2-hour pilot episode, airing between February 7 to May 5,1979, the premise was a nuclear-powered bullet train that was equipped with amenities more appropriate to a cruise ship. Much like its contemporary The Love Boat, the plots concerned the social lives. Most of the cast of an episode were guest stars. The production was elaborate, with sets and a high-tech model train for outside shots. It received poor reviews and low ratings, despite attempts to salvage the show by reworking the cast, it went off air after only three months
32.
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre
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The Treasure of the Sierra Madre is a 1927 adventure novel by bilingual German author B. In the book, two destitute American men in the 1920s join an older American man in Mexico to prospect for gold, john Huston adapted the book as a 1948 film of the same name. By the 1920s, the violence of the Mexican Revolution had largely subsided, the newly established post-revolution government relied on the effective but ruthless Federal Police, commonly known as the Federales, to patrol remote areas and dispose of the bandits. Foreigners, like the three American prospectors who are the focus of the story, were at very real risk of being killed by the bandits. The bandits, after being captured by units, were given little more than a last cigarette and had to dig their own graves first. This is the context of the story, three down-and-out Americans – Curtin, Dobbs, and Howard – meet by chance in the Mexican city of Tampico and discuss how to overcome their financial distress. They then set out to discover gold in the remote Sierra Madre mountains, once in the desert, experienced old-timer Howard quickly proves to be the toughest and most knowledgeable, he is the one who discovers the gold they are seeking. A mine is dug and much gold is extracted, but Dobbs soon becomes greedy, one day, another prospector named Lacaud follows Curtin from a nearby village back to the mens camp. Although the men do not initially trust Lacaud, they decide to allow him to stay, bandits appear and pretend, very crudely, to be Federales. After a gunfight, real Federales arrive and drive the bandits away, the prospectors soon decide to leave the mine and head to Durango to sell the gold that they have mined. Lacaud decides to stay behind, because he believes there is gold in the mountain. On the way, Howard is called to assist some local help a sick boy. Dobbs shoots Curtin, leaving him lying shot and bleeding, Curtin survives Dobbs attack and meets up with Howard. When they hear the story, they can do nothing but laugh at their misfortunes, Dobbs is often used as a foil for Howards philosophical comments on the value of gold and ones responsibilities to ones companions. John Huston successfully adapted the book as a 1948 film of the same name Episode 3 in the first season of the 1955 TV series, Cheyenne, gives a writing credit to B. Traven, and contains the basic plot as the novel, with the main character, Cheyenne, standing in the role of the old prospector, Howard. Gold Hat s line to Fred C, Dobbs - I dont have to show you any stinkin badges. - is a well-known and widely quoted line from the book and 1948 film
33.
Warner Bros. Television
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Television is the television production arm of Warner Bros. Entertainment, itself part of Time Warner, as of 2015, it is the worlds largest television production company measured by revenue and library. Its most notable TV shows include Friends, ER, The West Wing, Smallville, Supernatural, The Big Bang Theory, The Wire and Full House. The division was started on March 21,1955 with its first and most successful head being Jack L. Warners son-in-law William T. Orr. ABC had major success against its competition with Walt Disneys Disneyland TV series, WB formally entered television production with the premiere of its self-titled anthology series Warner Bros. The one-hour weekly show featured rotating episodes of series based on the WB films, Casablanca and Kings Row. One such segment for Rebel Without a Cause featured Gig Young notably talking about road safety with James Dean, with only Cheyenne being a success, Warner Bros. ended the ten-minute promotions of new films and replaced Warner Bros. Presents with a series titled Conflict. It was felt that Conflict was what the series lacked. Conflict showed the pilots for Maverick and 77 Sunset Strip, the company also produced Jack Webbs Red Nightmare for the U. S. Department of Defense that was later shown on American television on Jack Webbs General Electric True. During a Hollywood television writers strike, Warner Bros. reused many plots from its films and this was another example of imitating Warner Bros B Pictures who would remake an A film and switch the setting. Two of the most popular stars, James Garner and Clint Walker, Garner never returned to the Warners fold during this period. Successful Warners television stars found themselves in leading roles of many of the films with no increase in salary. Efrem Zimbalist, Jr. was simultaneously the lead of 77 Sunset Strip, in a role on Maverick. Edd Byrnes and Troy Donahue would go on to become teen heartthrobs, Warners also contracted established stars such as Ray Danton, Peter Breck, Jeanne Cooper and Grant Williams. These stars often appeared as guest stars, sometimes reprising their series role in another TV series, the stars appeared in Warner Bros. Some stars such as Connie Stevens, Edd Byrnes, Robert Conrad, depending on the particular show, William Lava or David Buttolph would compose the music, with lyrics by Stan Jones or Paul Francis Webster, among others. For the crime shows, it was up to the team of Jerry Livingston and Mack David, who also scored the themes for the sitcom Room for One More
34.
Maverick (TV series)
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Maverick is an American Western television series with comedic overtones created by Roy Huggins. The show ran from September 22,1957 to July 8,1962 on ABC and stars James Garner as Bret Maverick and they would typically find themselves weighing a financial windfall against a moral dilemma. More often than not, their consciences trumped their wallets since both Mavericks were intrinsically ethical, when Garner left the series after the third season due to a legal dispute, Roger Moore was added to the cast as their cousin Beau Maverick. Robert Colbert appeared later in the season as a third Maverick brother. No more than two of the series ever appeared together in the same episode, and usually only one. Budd Boetticher directed several of the episodes of the first season and Robert Altman wrote. The show was part of the Warner Bros. array of Westerns, which included Cheyenne, Colt.45, Lawman, Bronco, The Alaskans, Bret Maverick is the epitome of a poker-playing rounder, always seeking out high-stakes games and rarely remaining in one place for long. Staff casting their new television series, Maverick often bested The Ed Sullivan Show and The Steve Allen Show in the television ratings. Huggins inverted the usual cowboy hero characteristics familiar to television and movie viewers of the time, Bret Maverick was vocally reluctant to risk his life, though he typically ended up being courageous in spite of himself. He frequently flimflammed adversaries, but only those who deserved it, otherwise he was honest almost to a fault, in at least one case insisting on repaying a questionable large debt. None of the Mavericks were particularly fast draws with a pistol, Bart once commented to a lady friend, My brother Bret can outdraw me any day of the week, and hes known as the Second Slowest Gun in the West. However, it was almost impossible for anyone to beat them in any sort of a fistfight, critics have repeatedly referred to Bret Maverick as arguably the first TV anti-hero, and have praised the show for its photography and Garners charisma and subtly comedic facial expressions. Nonetheless, most TV anti-heroes, such as Eddie Haskell, Dr. Zachery Smith, and J. R. Ewing are at heart self-serving and egocentric, a description that does not fit any Maverick. Though Garner was originally supposed to be the only Maverick, the studio eventually hired Jack Kelly to play brother Bart, starting with the eighth episode. The producers had realized that it took over a week to shoot an episode, so Kelly was hired to rotate with Garner as the series lead. In Barts first episode, Hostage. in order to engender audience sympathy for the new character, there was however, one distinct—but accidental—difference between the two. Garners episodes tended to be more due to his obvious talent in that area. Huggins noted in the aforementioned Archive of American Television interview that Kelly, while funnier than Garner off camera, dropped a funny line while shooting a scene like a load of coal
35.
Rocky Graziano
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Thomas Rocco Barbella, better known as Rocky Graziano, was an American professional boxer who held the World Middleweight title. Graziano is considered one of the greatest knockout artists in boxing history and he was ranked 23rd on The Ring magazine list of the greatest punchers of all time. Rocky Graziano fought many of the best middleweights of the era including Sugar Ray Robinson and his turbulent and violent life story was the basis of the 1956 Oscar-winning drama film, Somebody Up There Likes Me, based on his 1955 autobiography of the same title. Rocky Graziano was the son of Ida Scinto and Nicola Barbella, Barbella, nicknamed Fighting Nick Bob, was a boxer with a brief fighting record. Born in Brooklyn, Graziano later moved to an Italian enclave centered on East 10th Street, Graziano grew up as a street fighter and learned to look after himself before he could read or write. He spent years in school, jail, and Catholic protectories. His father, who got occasional work as a longshoreman, kept boxing gloves around the house and encouraged Graziano, when Graziano was as young as three years of age, his father would make him and his brother Joe fight almost every night in boxing gloves. At age 18 he won the Metropolitan A. A. U. welterweight championship, despite the fame and money that professional fighting seemed to offer, he didnt want to become a serious prize fighter. He didnt like the discipline of training any more than he liked the discipline of school or the Army, Graziano heard from a couple of his friends about a tournament going on with a gold medal for the winner. Rocky entered under the name of Joe Giuliani, trainer Tobias Zaccaria, Kings county Brooklyn NY, He fought four matches and ended up winning the New York Metropolitan Amateur Athletic Union Boxing competition. He sold the medal for $15 and decided that boxing was a good way to make cash. A couple of weeks into amateur fighting, he was picked up for stealing from a school. He went to Coxsackie Correctional Facility, where he spent three weeks, with boyhood friend Jake LaMotta, and then he went on to the New York City Reformatory where he spent five months. After Rocky got out of the Reformatory, he headed back to the gym to make money, where he met Eddie Cocco and he entered the ring under the name Robert Barber. A couple of weeks later Rocky was charged with a violation and sent back to reform school. When he got out of jail he enlisted in the military and he escaped from Fort Dix in New Jersey and started his real boxing career under the name of Rocky Graziano. He won his first couple of bouts, after gaining popularity under the name of Graziano, he was found by the military. After Grazianos fourth bout, he was called into office to speak with a couple of military personnel
36.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
37.
Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956 film)
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Somebody Up There Likes Me is a 1956 American drama film based on the life of middleweight boxing legend Rocky Graziano. Joseph Ruttenberg was awarded a 1956 Oscar in the category of Best Cinematography, the film also won the Oscar for Best Art Direction. It was directed by Robert Wise, Rocky Graziano has a difficult childhood and is beaten by his father. He joins a gang, and undergoes a long history of criminal activities. He is sent to prison, where he is rebellious to all authority figures, after his release, he is drafted by the U. S. Army, but runs away. Needing money, he becomes a boxer, and finds that he has talent and wins six fights in a row before the Army finds him. He serves a year in a United States Disciplinary Barracks, while working his way to the title, he is introduced to his sisters friend Norma, whom he falls in love with and later marries. Starting a new, clean life, he rises to the top, a person he knew in prison finds him and blackmails him into throwing a fight. Rocky fakes an injury and avoids the fight altogether, when he is interrogated by the district attorney, he refuses to name the blackmailer and has his license suspended. His manager gets him a fight in Chicago to fight Zale the middleweight champion, the film was also notable for being one of Paul Newmans first starring roles and for being one of the first films in which Steve McQueen appeared. It also marked the debuts of Frank Campanella, Robert Loggia, Angela Cartwright. Perry Comos version of the song, Somebody Up There Likes Me, is played over the opening and closing credits. According to MGM records, the film earned $1,915,000 in the US and Canada and $1,445,000 elsewhere, the film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists,2006, AFIs 100 Years
