Rod calculus or rod calculation was the mechanical method of algorithmic computation with counting rods in China from the Warring States to Ming dynasty before the counting rods were increasingly repl
Japanese counting board with grids
Rod calculus facsimile from the Yongle encyclopedia
Representation of the number 231 and possible misleading rod placements.
Tian yuan shu in Li Zhi:Yigu yanduan
Tian yuan shu is a Chinese system of algebra for polynomial equations. Some of the earliest existing writings were created in the 13th century during the Yuan dynasty. However, the tianyuanshu method
Tian yuan shu in Zhu Shijie's text Suanxue qimeng
The technique described in Alexander Wylie's Jottings on the Science of the Chinese