1.
Henry Rollins
–
Henry Rollins is an American musician, actor, writer, television and radio host, and comedian. He hosts a radio show on KCRW, and is a regular columnist for LA Weekly. After performing in the short-lived Washington, D. C. band State of Alert in 1980, Rollins fronted the California hardcore punk band Black Flag from August 1981 until mid-1986. Since Black Flag disbanded, Rollins has hosted radio shows, such as Harmony in My Head on Indie 103, and television shows such as The Henry Rollins Show, MTVs 120 Minutes. He had recurring roles in the second season of Sons of Anarchy, in the final seasons of the animated series The Legend of Korra as Zaheer. Rollins has campaigned for political causes in the United States, including promoting LGBT rights, World Hunger Relief, the West Memphis Three. As of 2013, Rollins is the host of the educational television series 10 Things You Dont Know About, joining the show for its second. Rollins was born in Washington, D. C. the only child of Iris, when he was three years old, his parents divorced and he was raised by his mother in Glover Park, an affluent neighborhood of Washington. As a child and teenager, Rollins was sexually assaulted and he suffered from depression and low self-esteem. In the fourth grade, he was diagnosed with hyperactivity and took Ritalin for several years so that he could focus during school and he attended The Bullis School, an all-male preparatory school in Potomac, Maryland. According to Rollins, the Bullis School helped him to develop a sense of discipline and it was at Bullis that he began writing. In 1987, Rollins said he had not seen his father since he was 18, after high school, Rollins attended American University in Washington D. C. for one semester, but dropped out in December 1979. He began working minimum-wage jobs, including a job as a courier for kidney samples at the National Institutes of Health. Rollins developed an interest in punk rock after he and his friend Ian MacKaye procured a copy of The Ramoness eponymous debut album, from 1979 to 1980, Rollins was working as a roadie for Washington bands, including Teen Idles. When the bands singer Nathan Strejcek failed to appear for practice sessions, Rollins convinced the Teen Idles to let him sing. Word of Rollinss ability spread around the rock scene in Washington. In 1980, the Washington punk band the Extorts lost their frontman Lyle Preslar to Minor Threat, Rollins joined the rest of the band to form State of Alert, and became its frontman and vocalist. He put words to the five songs and wrote several more
Henry Rollins
–
Rollins performing at the Bronson Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, March 23, 2010
Henry Rollins
–
The band's logo was created by artist
Raymond Pettibon
Henry Rollins
–
Rollins performing with the
Rollins Band in 1993
Henry Rollins
–
Rollins signing an autograph while on a
United Service Organizations (USO) tour in
Iraq in 2003.
2.
Van Nuys, California
–
Van Nuys /vænˈnaɪz/ is a neighborhood in the central San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California. The town was founded in 1911, and named for Isaac Newton Van Nuys and it was annexed by Los Angeles on May 22,1915, after completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct, providing it with the water required for further growth. Van Nuys was the first new stop on the San Fernando Line of the Pacific Electric Railway red cars system, which boosted its early land sales and commercial success. In 1991 Marvin Braude, a member of the Los Angeles City Council and this redesignated area included the community of Magnolia Woods. Some area residents had presented a petition and several original deeds that stated Sherman Oaks to Braude and they argued that the area was originally a part of Sherman Oaks until the 1960s, when ZIP codes labeling the area as Van Nuys were established. In 2014, A Great Streets project was introduced by Mayor Eric Garcetti with Van Nuys Blvd. to be redesigned between Victory Blvd. and Oxnard Street, also, Sepulveda Blvd. was resurfaced between Victory Blvd and Oxnard Street in May 2014. A new Los Angeles County services building is under construction on the southwest corner of Van Nuys Blvd. on February 14,2016, some 170 firefighters battled a fire at the abandoned Voyager Motel at 6500 N. Sepulveda Blvd. The 2000 U. S. census counted 103,770 residents in the 8. 99-square-mile Van Nuys neighborhood—or 11,542 people per square mile, in 2008, the city estimated that the population had increased to 110,747. In 2000 the median age for residents was 28, considered young for city and county neighborhoods, the neighborhood was considered moderately diverse ethnically within Los Angeles. The breakdown was Hispanics,60. 5%, whites,23. 1%, Asians,6. 4%, blacks, 6%, and others, 4%. Mexico and El Salvador were the most common places of birth for the 49. 8% of the residents who were born abroad—a high percentage for Los Angeles. There were 4,917 families headed by single parents, or 21. 3%, the median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $41,134, considered average for the city but low for the county. The percentages of households that earned $40,000 or less were high for the county, renters occupied 73. 9% of the housing stock, and house- or apartment-owners held 26. 1%. Van Nuys Airport Van Nuys Boulevard Metro Orange Line bicycle path Van Nuys FlyAway Bus service Galpin Auto Sports — Pimp My Ride. Sound City Studios Los Angeles Fire Department operates Station 39, Station 90 Van Nuys Airport Area, Station 100 West Van Nuys, the Los Angeles Police Department operates the nearby Van Nuys Community Police Station at 6420 Sylmar Avenue,91401, serving the neighborhood. The U. S. Census Bureau operates the Los Angeles Regional Office in Van Nuys, the Social Security Administration operates a branch office on Van Nuys Boulevard north of Victory Boulevard in Van Nuys. The Van Nuys Recreation Area is in Van Nuys, the area has an auditorium and gymnasium with a capacity of 420 people, and a multipurpose/community room with a capacity of 20–25 people. The Van Nuys adjacent Sepulveda Basin Recreation Area to the west is an open space park behind Sepulveda Dam
Van Nuys, California
–
Valley Municipal Building in Van Nuys
Van Nuys, California
–
Boundaries of Van Nuys as drawn by the Los Angeles Times
Van Nuys, California
–
Victory Boulevard (Eastbound toward The City of Burbank) at Sylmar Avenue, in Van Nuys.
Van Nuys, California
–
Woodley Park picnic area
3.
Alternative metal
–
Alternative metal is a music genre that infuses heavy metal with influences from alternative rock and other genres not normally associated with metal. The term has been in use since the 1980s, although it came into prominence in the 1990s, other genres considered part of the alternative metal movement included rap metal and funk metal, both of which influenced another prominent subgenre, nu metal. Nu metal expands the alternative metal sound, combining its vocal stylings and downtuned riffs with elements of genres, such as hip hop, funk, hardcore. They also remarked that alternative metal was originally a style united by its nonconformist sensibility rather than any immediately classifiable sound, one of the main characteristics of alternative metal and its subgenres are heavily downtuned, mid-paced chug-like guitar riffs. However, funk metal bands use a more conventional riffing style influenced by 1980s thrash metal. Alternative metal features clean and melodic vocals, influenced by those of alternative rock, later bands frequently incorporated vocal styles that alternated between clean singing, growls and screaming. Examples include alternative metal bands associated with the nu metal movement, such as Korn and Deftones, jonathan Gold of the Los Angeles Times wrote in 1990 Just as rock has an alternative, wing-bands like the Replacements and Dinosaur Jr. -so does metal. Alternative metal is alternative music that rocks, and alternative metal these days can reach 10 times the audience of other alternative rock. Janes Addiction plays an intense brand of 70s-influenced arty metal, so does Soundgarden, in fact, the arty meanderings of Sab and the Zep themselves would be considered alternative metal. Houston Press has described the genre as being a compromise for people for whom Nirvana was not heavy enough but Metallica was too heavy. The first wave of metal bands emerged from many backgrounds, including hardcore punk, noise rock, Seattles grunge scene, stoner rock, sludge metal. These bands never formed a movement or scene, rather they were bound by their incorporation of traditional metal influences. Fudge Tunnels style of alternative metal included influences from both sludge metal and noise rock, other early bands in the genre also came from hardcore punk backgrounds. During the 1980s, alternative metal appealed mainly to rock fans. Several bands associated with the genre denied their status as metal bands, Helmet drummer John Stanier said We fell into the whole metal thing by accident, we always hated it when people mentioned metal in conjunction with us. Saby Reyes-Kulkarni of Pitchfork Media stated bands like Faith No More, Soundgarden, Primus, Helmet, the Rollins Band, and dozens more were initially marketed as quasi-metal acts. This was only possible in a climate where record labels, journalists, many established 1980s metal bands released albums in the 1990s that were described as alternative metal, including Anthrax, Metallica and Mötley Crüe. It resulted in a standardized sound among alternative metal bands, in contrast to the more eccentric
Alternative metal
–
Influential alternative metal band
Helmet performing in
Melbourne in 2008
4.
Hard rock
–
Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
Hard rock
–
Cream, whose blues rock improvisation was a major factor in the development of the genre.
Hard rock
–
Led Zeppelin live at
Chicago Stadium, January 1975.
Hard rock
–
The Who on stage in 1975.
Hard rock
–
Kiss onstage in Boston in 2004.
5.
Post-hardcore
–
Like post-punk, the term has been applied to a broad constellation of groups. Hardcore punk typically features very fast tempos, loud volume, and heavy bass levels, additionally, many of these bands vocalists were just as likely to deliver their lyrics with a whispered croon as they were a maniacal yelp. Allmusic also claims that post-hardcore bands find creative ways to build and release tension rather than airing their dirty laundry in short, sharp, british post-punk of the late 1970s and early 1980s has been seen as influential on the musical development of post-hardcore bands. As the genre progressed some of these groups also experimented with an array of influences, including soul, dub, funk, jazz. Groups such as Saccharine Trust, Naked Raygun, and The Effigies, during the early to mid-1980s, the desire to experiment with hardcores basic template expanded to many musicians that had been associated with the genre or had strong roots in it. Many of these also took inspiration from the 1980s noise rock scene pioneered by Sonic Youth. Some bands signed to the independent label Homestead Records, including Squirrel Bait, a reviewer noted that the groups 1989s release Wrong was one of the most aggressive and powerful opuses in post-hardcore ever made. During the years 1984 and 1985 in the scene, a new movement had swept over. When The Faith put out the EP Subject to Change in 1983 it marked an evolution in the sound of D. C. hardcore. This movement has been widely known as the Revolution Summer. Other bands have been perceived as taking inspiration from such as funk. According to Eric Grubbs, a nickname was developed for the new sound, with some considering it post-harDCore, the latter, mentioned in skateboarding magazine Thrasher, would come up in discussions around the D. C. area. In the nearby state of Maryland, similar bands that are categorized now as post-hardcore would also emerge and this group has also been considered as one of the earliest emo acts. The second half of the 1980s saw the formation of bands in D. C. which included Shudder to Think, Jawbox, The Nation of Ulysses. MacKaye described this period as the busiest that the Dischord Records label had ever seen. Most of these acts, along with ones, would contribute to the 1989 compilation State of the Union. It has also noted that the groups ever-evolving sound would signal a more experimental turn in hardcore that paved the way for later Dischord releases. Similarly, the debut studio album, 1990s Repeater, has also been generally regarded as a classic
Post-hardcore
–
Shellac (
Steve Albini) in concert.
Post-hardcore
–
Fugazi during their last pre-hiatus tour, 2002. The band's influence was summarized by reviewer Andy Kellman with the following statement: "To many, Fugazi meant as much to them as
Bob Dylan did to their parents."
Post-hardcore
–
The VSS performing in 1997. While formed in
Boulder, Colorado, the group has been associated with the post-hardcore sound developed in San Diego and led by independent labels like
Gravity.
Post-hardcore
–
Silverstein (
Shane Told) in concert.
6.
Funk metal
–
Funk metal is a subgenre of funk rock and alternative metal which infuses heavy metal music with elements of funk. It was prevalent in the mainstream during the late 1980s and early 1990s, the genre has been described as a brief but extremely media-hyped stylistic fad. According to AllMusic, funk metal takes the loud guitars and riffs of heavy metal and melds them to the bass lines. AllMusic has claimed that funk metal evolved in the mid-80s when alternative bands like the Red Hot Chili Peppers, the self-titled 1984 debut album from Red Hot Chili Peppers has been cited as the first funk metal release. Faith No More have been described as a metal band that dabbled in rap-metal. Rage Against the Machines mix of funk and metal not only included rap, certain bands not from a punk/alternative background, such as glam metal groups Bang Tango and Extreme, have also frequently incorporated funk into their musical style. Bands such as Primus and Mordred emerged from the metal underground. Primus, a band that many genres, has been widely described as funk metal. Claypool has stated Weve been lumped in with the funk metal thing just about everywhere, I guess people just have to categorise you. Living Colour have been cited by Rolling Stone as black funk metal pioneers, entertainment Weekly noted in a May 1991 article that Despite the rise of black rockers like Living Colour, the American funk-metal scene is predominantly white. The success of Faith No Mores 1989 single Epic helped heighten interest in the genre, mark Jenkins of The Washington Post claimed in an 1991 article that much of it sounds like art rock. By the latter part of the 90s, the genre was represented by a group of bands, including Incubus. During 2001, Alien Ant Farm released a hugely successful funk metal cover of Michael Jacksons Smooth Criminal, in 2016, Vice Magazine referred to funk metal as a mostly-forgotten and occasionally-maligned genre. Mr. Bungle guitarist Trey Spruance mentioned his fondness for the genre in a 2007 interview, when asked if he thought it would make a comeback, he stated Fuckin revisionists probably wont think its cool enough. Theyll go straight for the flannels and heroin, dimery, Robert, ed.1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die
Funk metal
–
Faith No More mixed funk metal with
alternative music and
experimental music.
Funk metal
–
Les Claypool, frontman of the funk metal band
Primus.
7.
Buddah Records
–
Buddah Records was founded in 1967 in New York City. The label was out of Kama Sutra Records, an MGM Records-distributed label. Buddah handled a variety of genres, including bubblegum pop, folk-rock, experimental music. Kama Sutra Records helped bolster MGM Records profits during 1965 and 1966, Kass brought in 24-year-old Neil Bogart to oversee Buddahs daily operations. Bogart had been an MGM General Manager in the early 1960s before taking a VP/Sales Director position at Cameo-Parkway Records, Bogart would quickly enlist Cameo-Parkway producers Jerry Kasenetz and Jeff Katz, the Ohio Express, and ex-Cameo artists the Five Stairsteps into the new label. Buddahs first single was Yes, We Have No Bananas/The Audition by the Mulberry Fruit Band, Kass and Bogart also brought along the promotion department of Cameo-Parkway, which was shutting down. Buddah initially made its mark as a pop music label, with Ohio Express. However, it was The Lemon Pipers who gave Buddah its first No.1 hit with Green Tambourine, produced by Paul Leka, as bubblegum musics popularity declined at the turn of the decade, Buddah branched out into gospel, folk-country, and R&B. Neil Bogart created and distributed Brut Records via Buddah Records for the Brut Fabergé company, Bogart left Buddah in 1973 to start Casablanca Records. Soon after Bogarts departure, Gladys Knight & the Pips would emerge as Buddahs biggest success, previously signed to Motown, Knight and the Pips would release their biggest hits, including Midnight Train to Georgia and Youre the Best Thing That Ever Happened to Me, for Buddah. Jazz session drummer Norman Connors became Buddahs musical director in 1976 and helped to foster the labels move toward R&B, viewlex declared bankruptcy in 1976 and Art Kass purchased Buddah back from them, but the debt resulted in a substantial decline in the number of new releases. Arista Records took over distribution of Buddah from 1978 to 1983, with artists, including Norman Connors and Phyllis Hyman. Buddahs final release of new product came in mid-1983, with Michael Hendersons R&B hit Fickle, Kama Sutras final issue came a year later, with the Fat Boys s self-titled single. Buddah, now known as Buddha Records was re-activated by BMG in September 1998 as a reissue label, the Buddah/Buddha catalogue is now owned by Sony Music Entertainment and managed by Legacy Recordings. Buddah distributed many labels during its history, including the following, Buddah would adopt the font Charisma on their Mad Hatter label to create a uniform branding for its key labels in 1973, although Charismas distribution deal with Buddah would end later that year. Hot Wax Records, owned by Motown songwriting trio Holland-Dozier-Holland, 1969–1973, pavilion Records, a short-lived gospel music imprint best known for its release of Oh Happy Day by The Edwin Hawkins Singers in 1969. Studio One Records, the Jamaican label founded by Coxsone Dodd, Buddah released various selections from Studio Ones back catalog in 1978. 1967, Buddah Records in stylized black letters at the bottom, singles feature the head of a Buddha statue at the top of the label, albums show the entire statue at the bottom
Buddah Records
–
Buddha Records
8.
DreamWorks Records
–
DreamWorks Records was an American record label. Founded in 1996 by David Geffen, Steven Spielberg and Jeffrey Katzenberg as a subsidiary of DreamWorks SKG, the label itself also featured a Nashville, Tennessee-based subsidiary, DreamWorks Nashville, which specialized in country music and was shut down in 2005. The companys logo was designed by Roy Lichtenstein and was his last commission before his death in 1997, in 1996, six years after Geffen sold Geffen Records to MCA Music Entertainment, he joined Spielberg and Katzenberg to form DreamWorks SKG, which included the subsidiary DreamWorks Records. The labels logo was the last project completed by artist Roy Lichtenstein, Geffen Records distributed DreamWorks until 1999, when Interscope Records took over distribution duties. Rufus Wainwright was the first to be signed to the new label in early 1996, henry Rollins, Tamar Braxton, George Michael, Randy Newman, Morphine, Eels, comedian/actor Chris Rock, Powerman 5000 and others were also signed to the label. The label was presided over by Lenny Waronker and Mo Ostin and it was announced on November 11,2003 that Universal Music Group reached an agreement to acquire DreamWorks Records from DreamWorks SKG for about $100 million. The purchase came at a time when the business was going through major changes as it struggled to counter falling sales. Under the deal new, DreamWorks Records was placed within the Interscope Geffen A&M label, DreamWorks was folded into Geffen Records in 2004. Its country music division, meanwhile, remained operational until January 29,2006, between 1998 and 2005, DreamWorks also operated a division in Nashville, Tennessee for country music acts. Among the artists signed to the DreamWorks Nashville division were Jessica Andrews, Emerson Drive, Toby Keith, Randy Travis, Jimmy Wayne, after DreamWorks Records dissolution, former executive Scott Borchetta formed Big Machine Records in late 2005, signing several country music acts to the label. Borchetta also signed Show Dog Records in partnership with Toby Keith, meanwhile, Borchetta signed Taylor Swift to DreamWorks Records. The latter label merged with Universal South Records to become Show Dog-Universal Music, DreamWorks Records discography List of DreamWorks Records artists List of record labels Video Interview with Lenny Waronker, former President of DreamWorks Records
DreamWorks Records
–
DreamWorks Records
9.
Henrietta Collins and the Wifebeating Childhaters
–
Rollins Band was an American rock band led by singer and songwriter Henry Rollins. They are best known for the songs Low Self Opinion and Liar, in 2000, Rollins Band was included on VH1s 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock, ranking at No.47. Rollins was the singer for the Washington, D. C. punk rock band State of Alert from October 1980 to July 1981, afterwards, he sang with California punk rock band Black Flag from August 1981 to August 1986. Black Flag earned little mainstream attention, but through a demanding touring schedule, less than a year after Black Flag broke up, Rollins returned to music with guitarist Chris Haskett, bass guitarist Bernie Wandel, and drummer Mick Green. This line-up released two records, Hot Animal Machine and Drive by Shooting, the music was similar to Black Flags, though it flirted more with heavy metal and funk. Soon after, Rollins formed Rollins Band with Haskett, bassist Andrew Weiss, Live sound engineer Theo Van Rock was usually credited as a band member. Critics Ira Robbins and Regina Joskow described this line-up as a brilliant, the band doesnt play punk, but what they do together has the strengths of both. The groups loud guitar rock with a strong, inventive rhythmic clock borrows only the attributes of metal. Rollinss tour diaries from this era details the personal and creative tensions that led to Weiss being fired following the End of Silence tour. The bands new bassist was jazz and funk veteran Melvin Gibbs, whod been highly recommended by guitarist Vernon Reid of Living Colour, Cain and Gibbs had also both played in different versions of guitarist Marc Ribots band. The first video from 1994s Weight, Liar, was a hit on MTV. The band appeared at Woodstock 94, and Rollins was a guest-host for several MTV programs and these influences, along with Rollins obsession with the late 60s/early 70s electric/fusion era of iconic trumpeter Miles Davis, shaped this version of the bands music. The Gayle sessions were released in 2003 as Weighting, in 1996, there was a legal battle with the bands former label Imago Records. Rollins claimed fraud, deceit, undue influence and economic coercion on the labels part and they signed with the then new major label DreamWorks Records, who released 1997s Come In And Burn. The album had a hit with the single Starve and the band appeared on Saturday Night Live to promote the album. However, Come In and Burn was not as successful as Weight and, after touring for Burn, Rollins dissolved the group, citing creative stagnation. Rollins replaced the Haskett-Gibbs-Cain lineup with the Los Angeles rock band Mother Superior, retaining the name Rollins Band and they also released a two-disc live album, The Only Way to Know for Sure. This line-up was a more hard rock group, their first album featured Are You Ready
Henrietta Collins and the Wifebeating Childhaters
–
Henry Rollins, founder and frontman with
Chris Haskett (background)
Henrietta Collins and the Wifebeating Childhaters
–
Gibbs in a July 19, 1980 performance in Paris, France
10.
Black Flag (band)
–
Black Flag was an American punk rock band formed in 1976 in Hermosa Beach, California. Initially called Panic, the band was established by Greg Ginn, the guitarist, primary songwriter and they are widely considered to be one of the first hardcore punk bands as well as one of the pioneers of post-hardcore. After breaking up in 1986, Black Flag reunited in 2003, Black Flags sound mixed the raw simplicity of the Ramones with atonal guitar solos and, in later years, frequent tempo shifts. These themes were explored further when Henry Rollins joined the band as singer in 1981. Most of the material was released on Ginns independent record label. Over the course of the 1980s, Black Flags sound, as well as their notoriety and they also played longer, slower, and more complex songs at a time when other bands in their milieu performed a raw, fast, three-chord format. As a result, their extensive discography is more varied than many of their punk rock contemporaries. Black Flag was and remains well-respected within the subculture, primarily for their tireless promotion of an autonomous DIY punk ethic and aesthetic. They are often regarded as pioneers in the movement of underground do-it-yourself record labels that flourished among 1980s punk rock bands, through constant touring throughout the United States and Canada, and occasionally Europe, Black Flag established a dedicated cult following. Initially called Panic, Black Flag was formed in 1976 in Hermosa Beach, Ginn insisted that the band rehearse several hours a day. Ginns brother Raymond Pettibon and SST house record producer-to-be Spot filled in during rehearsals, in the beginning, Ginn and Morris were inspired by the raw, stripped-down attitude of bands such as the Ramones and Stooges. Ginn has said We were influenced by the Stooges and then the Ramones, Keith and myself saw the Ramones when they first toured LA in 1976. After we saw them, I said if they could do it we could do it, I thought Keith would be a good singer and after seeing the Ramones, it made him think that he doesnt have to be some classical operatic singer. Chuck Dukowski, bassist of Würm, liked Ginns band, and eventually joined, forming a quartet with Ginn, Morris. The band held their first performance in December 1977 in Redondo Beach, to avoid confusion with another band called Panic, they changed their name to Black Flag in late 1978. They played their first show under this name on January 27,1979 at the Moose Lodge Hall in Redondo Beach and this was the first time Dez Cadena saw the band perform. The name was suggested by Ginns brother, artist Raymond Pettibon, who designed the bands logo. Pettibon stated If a white flag means surrender, a black flag represents anarchy and their new name was reminiscent of the anarchist symbol, the insecticide of the same name, and of the British heavy metal band Black Sabbath, one of Ginns favorite bands
Black Flag (band)
–
Black Flag performing in 1984. Left to right: Greg Ginn, Henry Rollins, and Kira Roessler. Drummer Bill Stevenson is not visible behind Rollins.
Black Flag (band)
–
Henry Rollins graffiti in
Asbury Park, New Jersey by
Shephard Fairey
Black Flag (band)
–
The band's logo was created by artist
Raymond Pettibon to symbolize their themes of rebellion and anarchy. As the band gained popularity the logo was
graffitied in and around Los Angeles, drawing the attention of the police to the band's activities.
Black Flag (band)
–
Pettibon's drawing of a police officer being held at gunpoint was used on flyers and merchandise promoting the "Police Story" single. The speech blurb reads "Make me come, faggot!" The text to the left reads "Art: Chuck Higby", a pseudonym.
11.
Tool (band)
–
Tool is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. Formed in 1990, the groups line-up includes drummer Danny Carey, guitarist Adam Jones, justin Chancellor has been the bands bassist since 1995, replacing their original bassist Paul DAmour. Tool has won three Grammy Awards, performed worldwide tours, and produced albums topping the charts in several countries. Due to Tools incorporation of visual arts and very long and complex releases, the band is described as a style-transcending act and part of progressive rock, psychedelic rock. The relationship between the band and todays industry is ambivalent, at times marked by censorship. During the 1980s, each of the members of Tool moved to Los Angeles. Both Paul DAmour and Adam Jones wanted to enter the film industry, Danny Carey and Keenan performed for Green Jellÿ, and Carey played with Carole King and Pigmy Love Circus. Keenan and Jones met through a friend in 1989. After Keenan played a recording for Jones of his previous band project. They started jamming together and were on the lookout for a drummer, Carey happened to live above Keenan and was introduced to Jones by Tom Morello, an old high school friend of Jones and former member of Electric Sheep. Carey began playing in their sessions because he felt sorry for them. Tools lineup was completed when a friend of Jones introduced them to bassist DAmour, early on, the band fabricated the story that they formed because of the pseudophilosophy lachrymology. Although lachrymology was also cited as an inspiration for the name, Keenan later explained their intentions differently, Tool is exactly what it sounds like. Your tool, use us as a catalyst in your process of finding out whatever it is you need to find out, or whatever it is youre trying to achieve. After almost two years of practicing and performing locally in the Los Angeles area, the band was approached by record companies, in March 1992, Zoo published the bands first effort, Opiate. Described by the band as slam and bang heavy music and the hardest sounding six songs they had written to that point, the bands first music video, Hush, promoted their dissenting views about the then-prominent Parents Music Resource Center and its advocacy of the censorship of music. The video featured the band members naked with their genitalia covered by parental advisory stickers and their mouths covered by duct tape. The band began touring with Rollins Band, Fishbone, and Rage Against the Machine to positive responses, which Janiss Garza of RIP Magazine summarized in September 1992 as a buzz and a strong start
Tool (band)
–
Tool performing live in
Barcelona in 2006. Left to right: Jones, Keenan, and Chancellor.
Tool (band)
–
Alternative version of the
Ænima artwork shows a dedication to comedian
Bill Hicks as "another dead hero".
Tool (band)
–
A well known band logo created by longtime collaborator
Cam de Leon, this wrench is an example of "
phallic hardware" in Tool's imagery.
Tool (band)
–
Bassist
Justin Chancellor performing at 2006's
Roskilde Festival
12.
Melvin Gibbs
–
Melvin Gibbs is an American bass guitarist, composer, and producer who has appeared on close to 200 albums in diverse genres of music. A native of Brooklyn, New York, Gibbs attended Medgar Evers College, after attending and graduating from the Berklee College of Music, Gibbs first came to public notice as a member of the group Defunkt which was a mainstay of the early 1980s downtown New York scene. Additionally with Jackson and guitarist Bill Frisell he was also a member of the group Power Tools, Gibbs co-led the band Eye and I with D. K. Dyson who also co-founded the Black Rock Coalition of which he is also an original member. He was a member of the avantmetal Rollins Band from 1993 to about 1998, as a member of the Rollins Band, he performed at Woodstock 94 in 1994 and was nominated for a Grammy Award in 1995. Gibbs has also recorded with hip-hop artists Dead Prez, Brazilian artists Caetano Veloso and Marisa Monte, Latin jazz artist Eddie Palmieri, Nigerian artist Femi Kuti and he has also produced albums by guitarist/singer Arto Lindsay and turntablist DJ Logic. Gibbs formed the Punk-Funk All-Stars with James Blood Ulmer, Defunkt leader Joseph Bowie, Vernon Reid and he co-leads the band Harriet Tubman with guitarist Brandon Ross and drummer JT Lewis. Ancients Speak, the first album by Melvin Gibbs Elevated Entity, was released on March 17,2009, the groups album, For You/For Us/For All was released by Livewired Music in December 2009. Gibbs took on the role of producer while with the Rollins Band in the 1990s. He worked in that capacity, producing records for artists on Rage Records
Melvin Gibbs
–
Gibbs performing at the
Moers Festival in 2010
Melvin Gibbs
–
Gibbs in a July 19, 1980 performance in Paris, France
13.
Jim Wilson (guitar player)
–
Jim Wilson is an American guitarist in the band Mother Superior, and previously in the Rollins Band. He is a musician known for his soulful vocals and powerful blues-rock guitar work. He also plays guitar and bass with Daniel Lanois, Wilson hails from Delaware, but currently resides in Los Angeles, California. They were also approached by Henry Rollins in 1999 and asked to become 3/4 of the Rollins Band, Mother Superior released their eighth studio album Three Headed Dog in 2007. Along with the members of Mother Superior, Wilson has recorded and appeared with Daniel Lanois in 2006,2007,2011 and 2014. Wilson has also made appearances with Sparks, notably in 2008 during the Sparks Spectacular. Jim is currently touring with Daniel Lanois and has taken back the mantle of lead singer for Motor Sister, a project of his with Scott Ian, Joey Vera, John Tempesta, and Pearl Aday. Mother Superior With Rollins Band With Motor Sister The magic of Motor Sister, An interview with Jim Wilson
Jim Wilson (guitar player)
–
Jim performing with
Mother Superior
14.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
–
Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
–
Flag
United States
–
The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
–
The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
15.
Rock music
–
It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
Rock music
–
Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2006, showing a quartet lineup for a rock band (from left to right: bassist, lead vocalist, drummer, and guitarist).
Rock music
–
Elvis Presley in a promotion shot for
Jailhouse Rock in 1957
Rock music
–
Chubby Checker in 2005
Rock music
–
The Beach Boys performing in 1964
16.
Singing
–
Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
Singing
–
American jazz singer and songwriter
Billie Holiday in New York City in 1947
Singing
Singing
–
"Vocalist" redirects here. See also:
Lead vocalist and
Backing vocalist.
Singing
–
Ercole de' Roberti: Concert, c. 1490
17.
Songwriter
–
A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
Songwriter
–
Songwriter and singer
Chris de Burgh.
18.
MTV
–
MTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks and headquartered in New York City. Launched on August 1,1981, the originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as video jockeys. In its early years, MTVs main target demographic was young adults and it has received criticism towards this change of focus, both by certain segments of its audience and musicians. MTVs influence on its audience, including issues involving censorship and social activism, has also been a subject of debate for several years, in recent years, MTV had struggled with the secular decline of music-related cable media. In April 2016, MTV announced it would start to return to its original music roots with the reintroduction of the classic MTV series MTV Unplugged. It was also reported that the series MTV Cribs would be making a return on Snapchat, MTV has spawned numerous sister channels in the US and affiliated channels internationally, some of which have gone independent. As of July 2015, approximately 92,188,000 US households have received MTV, several earlier concepts for music video-based television programming had been around since the early 1960s. The Beatles had used music videos to promote their records starting in the mid-1960s, CBS rejected the idea, but Williams premiered his own musical composition Classical Gas on the Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour, where he was head writer. The series featured clips from various popular artists, but was canceled by its distributor in 1971. The channel, which featured video disc jockeys, signed a deal with US Cable in 1978 to expand its audience from retail to cable television, the service was no longer active by the time MTV launched in 1981. The QUBE system offered many specialized channels, One of these specialized channels was Sight on Sound, a music channel that featured concert footage and music-oriented television programs. With the interactive QUBE service, viewers could vote for their favorite songs, the original programming format of MTV was created by media executive Robert W. Pittman, who later became president and chief executive officer of MTV Networks. Pittman had test-driven the music format by producing and hosting a 15-minute show, Album Tracks, the inspiration for PopClips came from a similar program on New Zealands TVNZ network named Radio with Pictures, which premiered in 1976. The concept itself had been in the works since 1966, when record companies began supplying the New Zealand Broadcasting Corporation with promotional music clips to play on the air at no charge. Few artists made the trip to New Zealand to appear live. A shortened version of the shuttle launch ID ran at the top of hour in various forms. The first music video shown on MTV was The Buggles Video Killed the Radio Star and this was followed by the video for Pat Benatars You Better Run. Sporadically, the screen would go black when an employee at MTV inserted a tape into a VCR, MTVs lower third graphics that appeared near the beginning and end of music videos would eventually use the recognizable Kabel typeface for about 25 years
MTV
–
Michael Jackson, whose discography included music videos such as "
Beat It ", "
Billie Jean ", and "
Thriller ".
MTV
–
MTV
MTV
–
1515 Broadway in
Times Square.
MTV
–
Ken Ober, host of the early MTV game show
Remote Control.
19.
Funk
–
Funk is a music genre that originated in the mid- 1960s when African American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues. Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves. Funk uses the same richly-colored extended chords found in jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths. Other musical groups, including Sly and the Family Stone and Parliament-Funkadelic, soon began to adopt, Funk samples have been used extensively in genres including hip hop, house music, and drum and bass. It is also the influence of go-go, a subgenre associated with funk. The word funk initially referred to a strong odor and it is originally derived from Latin fumigare via Old French fungiere and, in this sense, it was first documented in English in 1620. In 1784 funky meaning musty was first documented, which, in turn, in early jam sessions, musicians would encourage one another to get down by telling one another, Now, put some stank on it. At least as early as 1907, jazz songs carried titles such as Funky, as late as the 1950s and early 1960s, when funk and funky were used increasingly in the context of jazz music, the terms still were considered indelicate and inappropriate for use in polite company. According to one source, New Orleans-born drummer Earl Palmer was the first to use the word funky to explain to other musicians that their music should be made more syncopated, the style later evolved into a rather hard-driving, insistent rhythm, implying a more carnal quality. This early form of the set the pattern for later musicians. The music was identified as slow, sexy, loose, riff-oriented, a great deal of funk is rhythmically based on a two-celled onbeat/offbeat structure, which originated in sub-Saharan African music traditions. New Orleans appropriated the bifurcated structure from the Afro-Cuban mambo and conga in the late 1940s, New Orleans funk, as it was called, gained international acclaim largely because James Browns rhythm section used it to great effect. Funk creates an intense groove by using strong guitar riffs and bass lines, like Motown recordings, funk songs used bass lines as the centerpiece of songs. Slap basss mixture of thumb-slapped low notes and finger popped high notes allowed the bass to have a rhythmic role. In funk bands, guitarists typically play in a style, often using the wah-wah sound effect. Guitarist Ernie Isley of The Isley Brothers and Eddie Hazel of Funkadelic were notably influenced by Jimi Hendrixs improvised solos, Eddie Hazel, who worked with George Clinton, is one of the most notable guitar soloists in funk. Ernie Isley was tutored at an age by Jimi Hendrix himself. Jimmy Nolen and Phelps Collins are famous funk rhythm guitarists who both worked with James Brown, on Browns Give It Up or Turnit a Loose, Jimmy Nolens guitar part has a bare bones tonal structure
Funk
–
George Clinton and
Parliament Funkadelic in 2006
Funk
–
Simple kick and snare funk motif. The kick first sounds two onbeats, which are then answered by two offbeats. The snare sounds the backbeat.
Funk
–
James Brown, one of the founding fathers of funk
Funk
–
George Clinton and P-Funk All Stars, Long Beach 2009
20.
Noise rock
–
Noise rock is a diverse style of experimental rock that spun off from punk rock in the 1980s. Some groups are tied to song structures, such as Sonic Youth, while the music had been around for some time, the term noise rock was coined in the 1980s to describe an offshoot of punk groups with an increasingly abrasive approach. An archetypal album is the Velvet Undergrounds White Light/White Heat, treblezines Joe Gross credits the cult classic with being the first noise rock album, accordingly, perhaps it’s an obvious starting point, but it’s also the starting point. Sonic Youths Thurston Moore explained, Noise has taken the place of punk rock, people who play noise have no real aspirations to being part of the mainstream culture. Punk has been co-opted, and this subterranean noise music and the folk scene have replaced it. Starting in the 1990s, noise punk developed mostly as a form of party music, with the band Lightning Bolt serving as key players in the 2000s noise punk scene in Providence, Rhode Island
Noise rock
–
Steve Albini
Noise rock
–
Melt-Banana
Noise rock
–
Lightning Bolt
Noise rock
–
Comparative Anatomy
21.
Jazz
–
Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements
Jazz
–
Louis Armstrong (1901–1971) is considered one of the pivotal musicians in jazz for his contributions as a trumpet player, composer and singer.
Jazz
–
Double bassist
Reggie Workman, saxophone player
Pharoah Sanders, and drummer
Idris Muhammad performing in 1978
Jazz
–
Albert Gleizes, 1915, Composition pour Jazz, gouache on cardboard, mounted on Masonite, 73 x 73 cm,
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Jazz
–
In the late 18th-century painting
The Old Plantation, African-Americans dance to banjo and percussion.
22.
Washington, D.C.
–
Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
Washington, D.C.
–
Clockwise from top left:
Smithsonian Institution Building,
Rock Creek Park,
National Mall (including the
Lincoln Memorial in the foreground),
Howard Theatre and the
Frederick Douglass National Historic Site
Washington, D.C.
–
Map of the District of Columbia in 1835, prior to the
retrocession
Washington, D.C.
–
Ford's Theatre in the 19th century, site of the 1865
assassination of
President Lincoln
Washington, D.C.
–
Crowds surrounding the
Reflecting Pool during the 1963
March on Washington
23.
Punk rock
–
Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes
Punk rock
–
The
Ramones ' 1976
debut album laid down the musical "blueprint for punk", while its cover image had a similarly formative influence on punk visual style.
Punk rock
–
Johnny Rotten and Steve Jones of the Sex Pistols
Punk rock
–
The Clash, performing in 1980
Punk rock
–
British punks, circa 1986
24.
Washington D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
Washington D.C.
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Clockwise from top left:
Smithsonian Institution Building,
Rock Creek Park,
National Mall (including the
Lincoln Memorial in the foreground),
Howard Theatre and the
Frederick Douglass National Historic Site
Washington D.C.
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Map of the District of Columbia in 1835, prior to the
retrocession
Washington D.C.
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Ford's Theatre in the 19th century, site of the 1865
assassination of
President Lincoln
Washington D.C.
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Crowds surrounding the
Reflecting Pool during the 1963
March on Washington
25.
Hot Animal Machine
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Hot Animal Machine is a hardcore punk solo album by Henry Rollins which served as a precursor to the Rollins Band. It is only now in the same 2-in-one package as Drive by Shooting. Notable for a number of songs, Suicides Ghost Rider, Richard Berrys Crazy Lover. The cover was drawn by Mark Mothersbaugh, the frontman of the popular 1980s group Devo, all tracks written by Henry Rollins, except where noted
Hot Animal Machine
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Hot Animal Machine
26.
Devo
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Devo is an American rock band that formed in 1973, consisting of members from Kent and Akron, Ohio. Their classic line-up consisted of two sets of brothers, the Mothersbaughs and the Casales, along with Alan Myers, the band had a No.14 Billboard chart hit in 1980 with the single Whip It and has maintained a cult following throughout its existence. Devos music and stage shows mingle kitsch science fiction themes, deadpan surrealist humor, Devo was also a pioneer of the music video, creating many memorable clips for the LaserDisc format, with Whip It getting heavy airplay in the early days of MTV. In the late 1960s, this idea was developed as a joke by Kent State University art students Gerald Casale and Bob Lewis, at this time, Casale had also performed with the local band 15-60-75. They met Mark Mothersbaugh around 1970, a talented keyboardist who had been playing with the band Flossy Bobbitt, the joke about de-evolution became serious following the Kent State shootings of May 4,1970. This event would be cited multiple times as the impetus for forming the band Devo, the first form of Devo was the Sextet Devo which performed at the 1973 Kent State performing arts festival. It included Casale, Lewis and Mothersbaugh, as well as Geralds brother Bob Casale on guitar and this performance was filmed and a part was included on the home video The Complete Truth About De-Evolution. Devo returned to perform in the Student Governance Center at the 1974 Creative Arts Festival with a line-up including the Casale brothers, Bob Lewis, Mark Mothersbaugh, and Jim Mothersbaugh on drums. The band continued to perform, generally as a quartet, but with a fluid line-up including Marks brothers Bob Mothersbaugh, Bob played electric guitar, and Jim provided percussion using a set of home-made electronic drums. Their first two videos, Secret Agent Man and Jocko Homo featured on The Truth About De-Evolution, were filmed in Akron, and Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. This line-up of Devo lasted until 1976 when Jim left the band, Bob Lewis would sometimes play guitar during this period. In concert, Devo would often perform in the guise of characters, such as Booji Boy. Live concerts from this period were often confrontational, and would remain so until 1977, a recording of an early Devo performance from 1975 with the quartet line-up appears on DEVO Live, The Mongoloid Years, ending with the promoters unplugging Devos equipment. Following Jim Mothersbaughs departure, Bob Mothersbaugh found a new drummer, Alan Myers, Casale re-recruited his brother Bob Casale, and the line-up of Devo remained the same for nearly ten years. Devo gained some fame in 1976 when the short film The Truth About De-Evolution directed by Chuck Statler won a prize at the Ann Arbor Film Festival and this attracted the attention of David Bowie, who began work to get the band a recording contract with Warner Music Group. In 1977, Devo were asked by Neil Young to participate in the making of his film Human Highway, released in 1982, the film featured the band as Nuclear garbagemen. The band members were asked to write their own parts and Mark Mothersbaugh scored and recorded much of the soundtrack, his first of many. In March 1977, Devo released their first single Mongoloid b/w Jocko Homo and this was followed by a cover of the Rolling Stones Satisfaction
Devo
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At Forecastle Festival, 2010 (Left to right: Gerald Casale, Mark Mothersbaugh, Bob Casale, and Bob Mothersbaugh)
Devo
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The front and back covers of Devo's first release, the
45rpm single "
Mongoloid " b/w "
Jocko Homo " (1977), released on the band's
Booji Boy Records
Devo
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Devo in Atlanta, Georgia, December 27, 1978: Bob Casale and Gerald Casale
Devo
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Mark Mothersbaugh performing as part of Devo at the "Festival Internacional de Benicàssim", on July 20, 2007.
27.
Mark Mothersbaugh
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Mark Allen Mothersbaugh is an American singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, author and visual artist. Mothersbaughs music career more than 40 years. He came to prominence in the late 1970s as co-founder, lead singer and keyboardist of the new wave band Devo, the band has maintained a cult following throughout its existence. Mothersbaugh is one of the composers of Devos music and made major lyrical contributions to the bands songs. He is one of two members who have been with Devo throughout its entire history. He also has had a career which has included four studio albums, Muzik for Insomniaks, Muzik for the Gallery, Joyeux Mutato. In 2004, he was honored with the Richard Kirk award at the BMI Film and TV Awards for his significant contributions to film, additionally, Mothersbaugh was awarded an honorary doctorate of humane letters from Kent State University in 2008. He has married twice and is the father of two adopted children, Mark Allen Mothersbaugh was born on May 18,1950, in Akron, Ohio. He is the son of Mary Margaret and Robert Mothersbaugh, Sr and he grew up with two younger brothers, Bob and Jim, and two sisters, Amy and Susan. His father appeared in early Devo films and fan events as the character General Boy and his brothers participated in the band, although Jims tenure was brief, Mothersbaugh attended Kent State University as an art student, where he met Devo co-founders Gerald Casale and Bob Lewis. This association culminated in 1973, when the trio started to play music as Devo, following the commercial failure of their sixth studio album Shout, Warner Bros. dropped Devo. Shortly after, claiming to feel creatively unfulfilled, drummer Alan Myers left the band, causing the band members to abandon the plans for a Shout video LP. In 1987, Devo reformed with new drummer David Kendrick, formerly of Sparks to replace Myers and their first project was a soundtrack for the flop horror film Slaughterhouse Rock, starring Toni Basil and they released the albums Total Devo and Smooth Noodle Maps, on Enigma. Devo had an out and played two shows in 1991 before breaking up. Around this time, members of Devo appeared in the film The Spirit of 76, following the split, Mark Mothersbaugh established Mutato Muzika, a commercial music production studio, along with Bob Mothersbaugh and Bob Casale. Mothersbaugh meant to further a career as a composer, Mothersbaugh gained considerable success in writing and producing music for television programs, video games cartoons, and movies. In 2006, Devo worked on a project with Disney known as Devo 2.0, a band of child performers was assembled and re-recorded Devo songs. Their debut album, a two disc CD/DVD combo entitled DEV2.0, was released on March 14,2006
Mark Mothersbaugh
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Mothersbaugh performing in 2007
