Roman concrete
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Roman concrete, also called opus caementicium, was used in construction in ancient Rome. Like its modern equivalent, Roman concrete was based on a hydraulic-setting cement added to an aggregate.
The Pantheon in Rome is an example of Roman concrete construction.
Caesarea harbour in Roman Judaea, an example of underwater Roman concrete technology on a large scale
The "Temple of Mercury" in Baiae, a Roman frigidarium pool of a bathhouse built in the 1st century BC containing the oldest surviving concrete dome, and largest one before the Pantheon.
Example of opus caementicium on a tomb on the ancient Appian Way in Rome. The original covering has been removed.
Pozzolana
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Pozzolana or pozzuolana, also known as pozzolanic ash, is a natural siliceous or siliceous-aluminous material that reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature. In this r
Roman concrete
…material, which attests to both its versatility and its durability. It was previously thought that its strength was enhanced by the incorporation of pozzolanic ash where available (particularly in the Bay of Naples). The addition of ash prevented cracks from spreading. However, research in 2023 has shown that the…
Pozzolana from Mount Vesuvius volcano, Italy