Roman military decorations and punishments
As with most other military forces the Roman military adopted an extensive list of decorations for military gallantry and likewise a range of punishments for military transgressions.
Tiberius Claudius Maximus memorial showing two awards he received
A mural crown is a crown or headpiece representing city walls, towers, or fortresses. In classical antiquity, it was an emblem of tutelary deities who watched over a city, and among the Romans a military decoration. Later the mural crown developed into a symbol of European heraldry, mostly for cities and towns, and in the 19th and 20th centuries was used in some republican heraldry.
Depiction of Darius the Great wearing an early mural crown on the Behistun inscription
Mural crown on city goddess (silver tetradrachm issued by Smyrna, 160–150 BC)
The Tyche of Antioch, Roman version of a 3rd-century BC bronze by Eutychides