Ron Kovic

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Ron Kovic
Ron Kovic 2.JPG
Ron Kovic at an anti-war rally in Los Angeles, California on October 12, 2007.
Born Ronald Lawrence Kovic
July 4, 1946 (1946-07-04) (age 72)
Ladysmith, Wisconsin, US
Occupation Political and peace activist, author, writer, Marine

Ronald Lawrence "Ron" Kovic (born July 4, 1946[1]) is an American anti-war activist, writer, and former United States Marine Corps sergeant, who was wounded and paralyzed in the Vietnam War. He is best known as the author of his 1976 memoir Born on the Fourth of July, which was made into the Academy Award–winning 1989 film directed by Oliver Stone.[2]

Kovic received the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay on January 20, 1990, 22 years to the day that he was wounded in Vietnam, and was nominated for an Academy Award in the same category.[3]

Early life[edit]

Kovic was born in Ladysmith, Wisconsin, the second eldest of the six children [1] of Patricia Lamb and Eli Kovic.[4] He was raised in Massapequa, New York, in a Roman Catholic household. His father of Croatian descent served honorably in the United States Navy during World War II.[citation needed] He met Lamb during the Second World War when she was serving in the United States Navy to which she enlisted not long after Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941. She was of Irish ancestry, and a housewife.[5] After the war, Eli Kovic and his family moved to Levittown, New York, where he worked as a grocery clerk in an A&P food store.[citation needed] In high school, Ron Kovic was a wrestler and pole vaulter, and hoped to be a major league baseball player after graduation.[6]

His father Eli was born with the last name Kovacevic in Chisholm, Minnesota to a Croatian immigrant mother Anna Delivuk.

U.S. Marine Corps[edit]

Inspired by President John F. Kennedy's "Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country" Inaugural Address in January 1961 and after Kennedy's death in November 1963, Kovic joined the United States Marine Corps after high school in September 1964. He was sent to the Marine Corps Recruit Depot Parris Island, South Carolina, where, after twelve weeks' intensive recruit training, he was promoted to the rank of Private First Class and became the push-up champion of his battalion. Kovic was then sent to the Infantry Training Regiment (ITR) at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, for advanced combat training. He returned home to Massapequa just before Christmas in December. After several weeks' leave, Kovic was assigned to the Marine Corps Barracks at Norfolk, Virginia, where he attended radio school and learned communication skills, including Morse code. He was next assigned to the Second Field Artillery Battalion, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina.

Military service in Vietnam[edit]

Kovic volunteered for Vietnam and was posted to South Vietnam in December 1965 as a member of H&S Company, 3rd Battalion, 7th Marines, 1st Marine Division. In June 1966, he was transferred to Bravo Company, Second Platoon, 1st Reconnaissance Battalion, 1st Marine Division[7] where he participated in 22 Long Range Reconnaissance Patrols in enemy territory. After a 13-month tour of duty, he returned home on January 15, 1967. He was next assigned to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing at Cherry Point, North Carolina. Several months later, he volunteered to return to Vietnam for a second tour of duty.[8]

He was assigned to H&S Company, 1st Amtrac Battalion (1st Amphibian Tractor Battalion), 3rd Marine Division in South Vietnam. In October 1967, according to Kovic's own account, he shot and killed another Marine by accident during a North Vietnamese Army (NVA) ambush near a village along the Cua Viet River.

On January 20, 1968, while leading a reconnaissance force of battalion scouts[9] from the 1st Amtrac Battalion just north of the Cua Viet River in the vicinity of the village of My Loc, in the Demilitarized Zone, Kovic's squad came into contact with the 803rd NVA Regiment and elements of a Viet Cong battalion that was besieging the village, and he was shot by North Vietnamese soldiers while leading his rifle squad across an open area, attempting to aid the South Vietnamese Popular Force unit in the village. Deserted by most of his unit,[10] he was shot first in the right foot, which tore out the back of his heel, then again through the right shoulder, suffering a collapsed lung and a spinal cord injury that left him paralyzed from the chest down.[8] The first Marine that tried to save him was shot through the heart and killed, then a second Marine carried Kovic to safety through heavy enemy fire. Kovic then spent a week in an intensive care ward in Da Nang. As a result of his service and injuries in the conflict, Kovic was awarded the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V" for heroism in battle and the Purple Heart Medal.[11]

Post-Vietnam activism[edit]

Kovic protesting the 1972 Republican National Convention

Before the war in Vietnam was declared ended on April 30, 1975, Kovic became one of the best-known peace activists among the Vietnam veterans and was arrested 12 times for political protesting. He attended his first peace demonstration soon after the Kent State shootings in May 1970, and gave his first speech against the war at Levittown Memorial High School in Levittown, Long Island, New York that same spring. Kovic's speech that day was interrupted by a bomb threat and the auditorium cleared.[5]

Undeterred, Kovic continued speaking to students from the school's football grandstands. His first arrest was during an anti-Vietnam War demonstration at an Orange County, California draft board in the spring of 1971 when he refused to leave the office of the draft board explaining to a representative that, by sending young men to Vietnam, they were inadvertently "condemning them to their death," or to be wounded and maimed like himself in a war that he had come to believe was, "immoral and made no sense." He was told that, if he did not leave the draft board immediately, he would be arrested. Kovic refused to leave, and was taken away by police.[8]

In 1974, Kovic led a group of disabled Vietnam War veterans in wheelchairs on a 17-day hunger strike inside the Los Angeles office of Senator Alan Cranston. The veterans protested the "poor treatment in America's Veterans Hospitals" and demanded better treatment for returning veterans, a full investigation of all Veterans Administration (VA) facilities, and a face-to-face meeting with head of the VA, Donald E. Johnson. The strike continued to escalate until Johnson finally agreed to fly out from Washington, D.C., and meet with the veterans. The hunger strike ended soon after that. Several months later Johnson resigned. In late August 1974, Kovic traveled to Belfast, Northern Ireland, where he spent a week in the Catholic stronghold of "Turf Lodge," interviewing both political activists and residents. In the spring of 1975 Kovic, author Richard Boyle, and photo journalist Loretta Smith traveled to cover the war in Cambodia for Pacific News Service.[8]

Kovic was a speaker at the 1976 Democratic National Convention, seconding the nomination of draft resister Fritz Efaw for Vice President of the United States. Time magazine described the scene as one of the few poignant moments of the convention and many in the audience were brought to tears. On July 12, 1977, Kovic was arrested with 191 students and supporters during the Gym protests at Kent State University. In 1979, Ron Kovic gave a speech at The Libertarian National Convention which nominated Ed Clark for President. In 1988, Kovic was a Jesse Jackson delegate to the Democratic National Convention in Atlanta, Georgia.

From 1990 to 1991, Kovic took part in several anti-war demonstrations against the first Gulf War, which occurred not long after the release of his biographical film in 1989.[8] In early May 1999, following the U.S. bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Kovic met with China's ambassador to the United States Li Zhaoxing at the Chinese embassy in Washington D.C. to express his most sincere condolences and present the ambassador and his staff with two dozen red roses. He was an outspoken critic of the Iraq War.[8]

Since 2000[edit]

In November 2003, Kovic joined protests in London against the visit of George W. Bush. He was the guest of honor at a reception held at London's city hall by Mayor Ken Livingstone. The following day, he led a march of several hundred thousand demonstrators on Trafalgar Square, where a huge rally was held protesting the visit of George W. Bush and the war in Iraq. Kovic attended the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado. On Sunday, August 24, 2008, the day before the convention began, Kovic spoke, then led thousands in a march against the war which ended with him saying, "In the city of Denver, we got welcomed home."[12]

In a new introduction to his book, Born on the Fourth of July (1976), written in March 2005, Kovic stated, "I wanted people to understand. I wanted to share with them as nakedly and openly and intimately as possible what I had gone through, what I had endured. I wanted them to know what it really meant to be in a war, to be shot and wounded, to be fighting for my life on the intensive care ward, not the myth we had grown up believing. I wanted people to know about the hospitals and the enema room, about why I had become opposed to the war, why I had grown more and more committed to peace and nonviolence. I had been beaten by the police and arrested twelve times for protesting the war and I had spent many nights in jail in my wheelchair. I had been called a Communist and a traitor, simply for trying to tell the truth about what had happened in that war, but I refused to be intimidated." In 1989, Kovic presented actor Tom Cruise (born July 3, 1962) who portrayed him in the movie Born On The Fourth of July, on the last day of filming, the original Bronze Star Medal he had received,[13] explaining to Cruise that he was giving him the medal as a gift [14] "for his heroic performance."[13] Time magazine reported that Oliver Stone said, "He gave it to Tom for bravery for having gone through this experience in hell as much as any person can without actually having been there."

In March 2007, Kovic checked into the Ernest Bors Spinal Cord Injury ward of the Veterans Administration Hospital in Long Beach, California, for an undisclosed illness.

On January 20, 2008, Kovic observed his 40th anniversary of having been shot and paralyzed in the Vietnam War. Kovic, in March 2005, said: "The scar will always be there, a living reminder of that war, but it has also become something beautiful now, something of faith and hope and love. I have been given the opportunity to move through that dark night of the soul to a new shore, to gain an understanding, a knowledge, and entirely different vision. I now believe I have suffered for a reason and in many ways I have found that reason in my commitment to peace and nonviolence. My life has been a blessing in disguise, even with the pain and great difficulty that my physical disability continues to bring. It is a blessing to speak on behalf of peace, to be able to reach such a great number of people."

On April 8, 2009, Kovic joined British MP George Galloway to launch Viva Palestina USA, an American branch of Viva Palestina. Kovic planned to co-lead with Galloway a humanitarian relief convoy to the Gaza Strip in early July 2009. On December 6, 2009 Kovic spoke honoring Bruce Springsteen at the 32nd annual Kennedy Center Honors in Washington, D.C. On December 22, 2009, Kovic, Oliver Stone, and friends celebrated the 20th anniversary of the 1989 film release of Born on the Fourth of July at a dinner party in Torrance, California. In April 2010, Kovic traveled to Rome, Italy, as a member of the Council for Dignity, Forgiveness, and Reconciliation. Between April 19–26, he attended meetings at Rome's City Hall with other international peace activists, diplomats and academics, to discuss the need for conflict resolution and other more peaceful, nonviolent alternatives to war as a way of solving the world's many conflicts. On April 21, 2010, he spoke of his journey from war to peace, forgiveness, and reconciliation before Rome's mayor Gianni Alemanno, and other civic leaders at Rome's Ara Pacis (Altar of Augustan Peace), commissioned by the Roman Senate July 4, 13 BC.

On July 4, 2016 Akashic Books published the 40th anniversary edition of Born on the Fourth of July, with a foreword by Bruce Springsteen, in conjunction with Kovic's latest book, Hurricane Street. Naming it a Top 10 Pick for Spring 2016, Publishers Weekly reported, "The author of the bestseller Born on the Fourth of July writes an impassioned and timely memoir about the 1974 American Veterans Movement that will strike a chord with veterans and their families today." On January 20, 2018 Ron Kovic observed the 50th anniversary of having been shot and paralyzed in the Vietnam War.[citation needed]

Kovic lives in Redondo Beach, California, where he writes, paints, plays the piano, and gardens. He has never married although he did have a relationship with Connie Panzarino (author of The Me in the Mirror).[15]

Legacy[edit]

Bruce Springsteen wrote the song "Shut Out the Light" after reading Kovic's memoir and then meeting him.[16] Tom Paxton, the folk singer/political activist, wrote the song "Born on the Fourth of July", which is on his 1977 New Songs from the Briarpatch album, and met Kovic backstage at the Bottom Line Club in New York City the same year. Academy Award-winning actress Jane Fonda has stated that Ron Kovic's story was the inspiration for the 1978 Vietnam War film Coming Home in which she starred.[citation needed]

Films[edit]

Kovic in 1990 at the 62nd Academy Awards

Interviewed:

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Heroism Project - 1970s - Ron Kovic". Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  2. ^ Vincent Canby (December 20, 1989). "How an All-American Boy Went to War and Lost His Faith". The New York Times.
  3. ^ "Best Screenplay – Motion Picture". Golden Globe Awards. Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Archived from the original on September 29, 2006. Retrieved December 30, 2010.
  4. ^ Moss, Nathaniel (January 1, 1994). "Ron Kovic: Antiwar Activist". Chelsea House Publishers. Retrieved September 1, 2016 – via Google Books.
  5. ^ a b Mogk, Marja Evelyn (2013). Different Bodies: Essays on Disability in Film and Television. McFarland. pp. 219–221. ISBN 978-0-7864-6535-4.
  6. ^ "Ron Kovic". Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  7. ^ "The Telegraph - Google News Archive Search". Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Gay, Kathlyn (2012). American Dissidents: An Encyclopedia of Activists, Subversives, and Prisoners of Conscience. ABC-CLIO. pp. 359–362. ISBN 978-1-59884-764-2.
  9. ^ "AmGrunts". Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  10. ^ disputed, "'Born on the Fourth of July' vet's account disputed by comrades". July 3, 2012. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  11. ^ Moss, Nathaniel (1994). Ron Kovic: Antiwar Activist. Chelsea House Publishers. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-7910-2076-0.
  12. ^ "Denverpost.com".
  13. ^ a b freelance, PAUL CHUTKOW; Paul Chutkow is a California-based (December 17, 1989). "The Private War of Tom Cruise". Retrieved December 20, 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
  14. ^ "Ron Kovic". IMDb. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  15. ^ People, Magazine. Ron Kovic: A Crippled Vet Born on the Fourth of July Is a New Breed of Yankee Doodle Dandy.
  16. ^ Lewis, Andy (July 1, 2016). "Bruce Springsteen Gives 'Born on the Fourth of July' New Foreword (Audio)". www.HollywoodReporter.com. The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved October 25, 2016. Springsteen and Kovic have been friendly for more than 30 years and the B-side song on the "Born in the USA" single, "Shut Out the Light," was written by the Boss about Kovic.

External links[edit]

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