Rosalía Arteaga Serrano is an Ecuadorian politician who served as the country's first female head of state as acting president for a few days in 1997.

The vice president of Ecuador is the second highest political position in Ecuador. In many instances, the vice president succeeded the president in turbulent political situations. The last time was in 2005 after the resignation of president Lucio Gutiérrez. According to the current constitution, the vice president is elected on the same ticket as the president. Salary of the vice president is US$4,869 per month.