1.
West End, Hampshire
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West End is a parish in Hampshire, situated within the borough of Eastleigh, and to the north east of the city of Southampton. As well as the village itself, the contains the Chartwell Green suburb of Southampton. The village is known for being home of the Rose Bowl, the stadium where Hampshire County Cricket Club plays. A series of barrows, dating from the Bronze Age, have been discovered in the Moorgreen area of the parish. There were five of these, all situated behind the former Moorgreen Hospital site, a hilltop fort from the Iron Age was built on the ridge above the village around 600-100BC. A shutter telegraph station operated from the site during the Napoleonic Wars and it was this station that gave the name to the nearby Telegraph Woods. The village was originally a hamlet grew up around a track between Romsey and Portsmouth. The hamlet had a chapel by 1552 primarily for the use of the lords of the manor of Allington, when the track became a turnpike road in the early 19th century, the hamlet began to grow. In 1838, a school was opened to house 192 children. The hamlet was within the parish of South Stoneham until the parish of West End was established in 1840. In 1846 a Bible Christian chapel was constructed in Chapel Road, a poor house had existed at the eastern end of the village for some time, and in 1848 this was replaced by a red-brick workhouse. An extra room was added to the school in 1866. In 1871 an independent school for children was opened, having been built by Mrs Harriet Hazlefoot. In 1890, the spire of St James was struck by lightning, the civil parish was established in 1894. A number of changes have taken place since then. Harriet Hazlefoots school became the department of the national school in 1894. During the 20th century, the school moved again into a new building and was renamed St James Primary School, the second school building became Hilldene Community Centre, where a number of adult education courses and other activities take place. In 1900, two further Methodist chapels were built, one in the Moorgreen area and one in Swaythling Road, in September 1904 the children of the national school were moved to a new location with the old school building becoming the parish hall
2.
Hampshire
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Hampshire is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, the capital city of England. The larger South Hampshire metropolitan area has a population of 1,547,000, Hampshire is notable for housing the birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force. It is bordered by Dorset to the west, Wiltshire to the north-west, Berkshire to the north, Surrey to the north-east, the southern boundary is the coastline of the English Channel and the Solent, facing the Isle of Wight. At its greatest size in 1890, Hampshire was the fifth largest county in England and it now has an overall area of 3,700 square kilometres, and measures about 86 kilometres east–west and 76 kilometres north–south. Hampshires tourist attractions include many seaside resorts and two parks, the New Forest and the South Downs. Hampshire has a maritime history and two of Europes largest ports, Portsmouth and Southampton, lie on its coast. The county is famed as home of writers Jane Austen and Charles Dickens, Hampshire takes its name from the settlement that is now the city of Southampton. Southampton was known in Old English as Hamtun, roughly meaning village-town, the old name was recorded in the Domesday book as Hantescire, and it is from this spelling that the modern abbreviation Hants derives. From 1889 until 1959, the county was named the County of Southampton and has also been known as Southamptonshire. The region is believed to have continuously occupied since the end of the last Ice Age about 12,000 BCE. At this time Britain was still attached to the European continent and was covered with deciduous woodland. The first inhabitants came overland from Europe, these were anatomically and behaviourally modern humans, notable sites from this period include Bouldnor Cliff. Agriculture had arrived in southern Britain by 4000 BCE, and with it a neolithic culture, some deforestation took place at that time, although it was during the Bronze Age, beginning in 2200 BCE, that this became more widespread and systematic. Hampshire has few monuments to show from early periods, although nearby Stonehenge was built in several phases at some time between 3100 BCE and 2200 BCE. It is maintained that by this period the people of Britain predominantly spoke a Celtic language, hillforts largely declined in importance in the second half of the second century BCE, with many being abandoned. Julius Caesar invaded southeastern England briefly in 55 and again in 54 BCE, notable sites from this period include Hengistbury Head, which was a major port. There is a Museum of the Iron Age in Andover, the Romans invaded Britain again in 43 CE, and Hampshire was incorporated into the Roman province of Britannia very quickly
3.
England cricket team
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The England cricket team is the team that represents England and Wales in international cricket. Since 1 January 1997 it has been governed by the England and Wales Cricket Board, England and Australia were the first teams to play a Test match, and these two countries together with South Africa formed the Imperial Cricket Conference on 15 June 1909. England and Australia also played the first One Day International on 5 January 1971, Englands first Twenty20 International was played on 13 June 2005, once more against Australia. As of 9 March 2017, England has played 983 Test matches, winning 351, the team has won The Ashes on 32 occasions, the same number as their opponents Australia. England has played 683 ODIs, winning 332, and its record in major ODI tournaments includes finishing as runners-up in three Cricket World Cups, and also in two ICC Champions Trophys, England has also played 89 T20Is, winning 43. They won the ICC World Twenty20 in 2010, and were runners-up in 2016, England are currently ranked fourth in Tests, fifth in ODIs and fifth in T20Is by the ICC. England currently holds the record for the highest ever ODI total of 444, such matches were repeated on numerous occasions for the best part of a century. In 1846 William Clarke formed the All-England Eleven and this team would eventually compete against a United All-England Eleven with annual matches occurring between 1847 and 1856. These matches were arguably the most important contest of the English season if judged by the quality of the players, the first overseas tour occurred in September 1859 with England touring North America. This team had six players from the All-England Eleven, six from the United All-England Eleven and was captained by George Parr, with the outbreak of the American Civil War, attention turned elsewhere. English tourists visited Australia in 1861-62 with this first tour organised as a venture by Messrs Spiers and Pond. Most matches played during tours prior to 1877 were against odds and this first Australian tour were mostly against odds of at least 18/11. The tour was so successful that George Parr led a tour in 1863–64. James Lillywhite led a subsequent England team which sailed on the P&O steamship Poonah on 21 September 1876 and they would play a combined Australian XI, for once on even terms of 11 a side. The match, starting on 15 March 1877 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground came to be regarded as the inaugural Test match, the combined Australian XI won this Test match by 45 runs with Charles Bannerman of Australia scoring the first Test century. At the time, the match was promoted as James Lillywhites XI v Combined Victoria, the teams played a return match on the same ground at Easter,1877, when Lillywhites team avenged their loss with a victory by four wickets. The first Test match on English soil occurred in 1880 with England victorious, – The body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia. As a result of loss the tour of 1882–83 was dubbed by England captain Ivo Bligh as the quest to regain the ashes
4.
Sri Lanka national cricket team
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The team first played international cricket in 1926–27, and were later awarded Test status in 1982, which made Sri Lanka the eighth Test cricket playing nation. The team is administered by Sri Lanka Cricket, Angelo Mathews is the current captain of all formats of the game. Sri Lankas national cricket team achieved considerable success beginning in the 1990s, since then, the team has continued to be a force in international cricket. The Sri Lankan cricket team reached the finals of the 2007 and 2011 Cricket World Cups consecutively, but they ended up being runners up in both those occasions. Sri Lanka have won the Cricket World Cup in 1996, the ICC Champions Trophy in 2002 and they have been consecutive runners up in the 2007 and 2011 Cricket World Cups, and have been runners up in the ICC World Twenty20 in 2009 and 2012. The Sri Lankan cricket team currently holds world records, including the world record for highest team total in Tests. The ODI total was broken by England on 30 August 2016, the Sri Lanka national cricket team began with the formation of the Colombo Cricket Club in 1832. By the 1880s a national team, the Ceylon national cricket team, was formed which began playing cricket by the 1920s. The Ceylon national cricket team had achieved associate member status of the International Cricket Council in 1965 and they have also won the 2001-02 Asian Test Championship, defeating Pakistan in the final by an innings and 175 runs. Sri Lanka registered their first ODI win against India at Manchester, England and they also won the 1996 Cricket World Cup, co-champions in 2002 ICC Champions Trophy and also became five times Asian champions in 1986,1997,2004,2008 and 2014. Sri Lanka played their first Twenty20 International match at the Rose Bowl, on 15 June 2006, against England, in 2014, they won the 2014 ICC World Twenty20, defeating India by 6 wickets. As of January 2016, Sri Lanka have faced all nine teams in Test cricket, with their most frequent opponent being Pakistan, Sri Lanka have registered more wins against Pakistan and Bangladesh than any other team, with 14. In ODI matches, Sri Lanka have played against 17 teams, they have played against India most frequently, within usual major ODI nations, Sri Lanka have defeated England on 34 occasions, which is their best record in ODIs. The team have competed against 13 countries in T20Is, and have played 15 matches against New Zealand, Sri Lanka have defeated Australia and West Indies 6 occasions each. Sri Lanka was the best T20I team in the world, where they ranked number one in more than 32 months, as of 14 January 2017, Sri Lanka have played 256 Test matches, they have won 80 matches, lost 95 matches, and 81 matches were drawn. As of 10 February 2017, Sri Lanka have played 787 ODI matches, winning 368 matches and losing 379, they also tied 5 matches, whilst 35 had no result. As of 19 February 2017, Sri Lanka have played 92 T20I matches, Sri Lanka were awarded Test cricket status in 1981, by the International Cricket Council. They played their first Test match against England at P. Saravanamuttu Stadium, B. Warnapura was the captain for Sri Lanka in that watch, which England was victorious by 7 wickets
5.
India national cricket team
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The Indian cricket team, also known as Team India and Men in Blue, represents India in international cricket. Governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India, it is a member of the International Cricket Council with Test, One Day International. In its first fifty years of cricket, India was one of the weaker teams. From 1932 India had to wait until 1952, almost 20 years for its first Test victory. Traditionally much stronger at home than abroad, the Indian team has improved its overseas form since the start of the 21st century, winning Test matches in Australia, England and South Africa. It has won the Cricket World Cup twice – in 1983 under the captaincy of Kapil Dev and in 2011 under the captaincy of Mahendra Singh Dhoni. After winning the 2011 World Cup, India became only the team after West Indies and Australia to have won the World Cup more than once. It has won the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 and 2013 ICC Champions Trophy and it was also the joint champions of 2002 ICC Champions Trophy, along with Sri Lanka. As of 7th March 2017, India is ranked first in Tests, fourth in ODIs, Virat Kohli is the current captain of the team across all formats, while former Test captain Anil Kumble is the head coach. The Indian cricket team has rivalries with other Test-playing nations, most notably with Pakistan, however, in recent times, rivalries with nations like Australia, England and Bangladesh and have also gained prominence. The British brought cricket to India in the early 1700s, with the first cricket match played in 1721, in 1848, the Parsi community in Bombay formed the Oriental Cricket Club, the first cricket club to be established by India Ltdns. After slow beginnings, the Europeans eventually invited the Parsis to play a match in 1877, by 1912, the Parsis, Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims of Bombay played a quadrangular tournament with the Europeans every year. In the early 1900s, some Indians went on to play for the England cricket team, in 1911, an Indian team went on their first official tour of the British Isles, but only played English county teams and not the England cricket team. The one-off Test match between the two sides was played at Lords in London, the team was not strong in their batting at this point and went on to lose by 158 runs. In 1933, the first Test series in India was played between India and England with matches in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras, the Indian team continued to improve throughout the 1930s and 40s but did not achieve an international victory during this period. In the early 1940s, India didnt play any Test cricket due to the Second World War, the teams first series as an independent country was in late 1947 against Sir Donald Bradmans Invincibles. It was also the first Test series India played which was not against England, Australia won the five-match series 4–0, with Bradman tormenting the Indian bowling in his final Australian summer. India subsequently played their first Test series at home not against England against the West Indies in 1948, West Indies won the 5-Test series 1–0
6.
South Africa national cricket team
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The South African national cricket team, nicknamed the Proteas, represents South Africa in international cricket. It is administered by Cricket South Africa, South Africa is a full member of the International Cricket Council with Test and One Day International status. As of 27 November 2016, South Africa has played 405 Test matches, winning 148, the team has played 564 ODIs, winning 348, losing 194 and tying six, with 16 no-results. Finally, it has played 91 Twenty20 Internationals, winning 54 and losing 36, on 20 August 2012, South Africa became the top ranked team in test cricket for the first time. 8 days later, on 28 August 2012, it became the first team to top the rankings in all three formats of the game, South Africa is currently ranked third in Tests, first in ODIs and third in T20Is by the ICC. South Africa first played cricket in 1889, though the players participating at the time were not aware of the fact. The South African cricket team toured England in 1947, at Trent Bridge, Captain Alan Melville and vice-captain, Dudley Nourse achieved a Test match record for a third wicket partnership of 319. The following year Nourse, 38-year-old captain of Natal, was appointed Captain for the 1948 MCC Test matches in South Africa and they continued to play regularly series of matches against England, Australia and New Zealand until 1970. The membership rules of the Imperial Cricket Conference meant that when South Africa left the Commonwealth in May 1961, despite the rules being changed in 1964 to allow other nations to be Associate members, South Africa did not reapply. Due to South African apartheid laws, which introduced legal racial segregation to the country in 1948, the anti-apartheid movement led the ICC to impose a moratorium on tours in 1970. This decision excluded players such as Graeme Pollock, Barry Richards, World class cricketers of their day like Clive Rice, Vintcent van der Bijl also never played Test Cricket despite their first class records. The ICC reinstated South Africa as a Test nation in 1991, South Africas first Test match after re-admission was played against the West Indies in April 1992. The match was played in Bridgetown, Barbados and South Africa lost by 52 runs, since South Africa have been reinstated they have achieved mixed success, and hosted the International Cricket Council Cricket World Cup in 2003. In 2003, South Africa were one of the favourites but were eliminated by one run in the stages after they had mistakenly counted the number of runs they needed. They have also had bad press for failing in vital matches in tournaments including the 2002 ICC Champions Trophy. With Donald retiring, Cronje banned for match-fixing and later killed in a crash, and Pollock also retiring from international cricket. Graeme Smith was made captain, although following injuries to Smith and Jacques Kallis, at the age of 29, he became the first non-white man to captain the once all-white South African cricket team. Due to a racial policy, the side was once required to contain black players
7.
Zimbabwe national cricket team
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The Zimbabwean cricket team is the team that represents Zimbabwe in international cricket. It is administered by Zimbabwe Cricket, Zimbabwe is a full member of the International Cricket Council with Test and One Day International status. As of 15 August 2016, Zimbabwe is ranked tenth in Tests, eleventh in ODIs, Zimbabwe – known as Rhodesia until independence from the United Kingdom in 1980 – had a national cricket team before it achieved Test status. Following independence, the country began to more international cricket. On 21 July 1981, Zimbabwe became a member of the ICC. Zimbabwe participated in the 1983 Cricket World Cup, as well as the 1987 and 1992 events, Zimbabwes first World Cup campaign in 1983 ended in the group stage, as they lost five of their six matches. However, they threw a surprise against Australia, batting first, Zimbabwe reached a total of 239 for 6 in the allotted 60 overs, with skipper Duncan Fletcher top-scoring with 69 not out. Fletcher then produced career-best figures of 4 for 42 to restrict Australia to 226 for 7, in the 1987 World Cup, Zimbabwe lost all six of their group-stage matches, though they came very close to winning against New Zealand. Chasing 243 to win from 50 overs, wicketkeeper-batsman David Houghton scored 142, in the 1992 tournament, Zimbabwe failed to progress beyond the round-robin stage, losing seven of their eight matches, though there were two notable achievements. Against Sri Lanka in their first match, Zimbabwe posted their then-highest total of 312 for 4, however, the Sri Lankans chased this total down with four balls to spare, winning by three wickets. In their final match, Zimbabwe faced England in an inconsequential encounter, batting first, Zimbabwe were all out for 134. Eddo Brandes then produced a spell of 4 for 21, including dismissing Graham Gooch first ball, to help restrict England to 125 all out. These twenty World Cup matches were Zimbabwes only international games during this period, Zimbabwe was granted Test status by the ICC in July 1992 and played its first Test match in October that year, against India at Harare Sports Club. They became the ninth Test nation, Zimbabwes early Test performances were consistently weak, leading to suggestions that they had been granted Test status prematurely. Of their first 30 Test matches, they won just one, in the one-day arena, however, the team soon became competitive, if not particularly strong. In particular, world respect was gained for their fielding ability, in spite of his teams difficulties, wicket-keeper/batsman Andy Flower was at one point rated the best batsman in world cricket. During this era, Zimbabwe also produced such cricketers as Flowers brother Grant, murray Goodwin was also a world-class batsman, following his retirement from international cricket, he has scored heavily for Sussex. Another world-class batsman was David Houghton, who holds the record for the highest individual Test score for Zimbabwe of 266 against Sri Lanka in 1994/95, unfortunately, the political situation in Zimbabwe declined at around the same time, which had a detrimental effect on the national teams performances
8.
Australia national cricket team
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The Australia national cricket team, represents the country of Australia in international cricket. It is the joint oldest team in Test cricket history, having played in the first ever Test match in 1877, the team draws its players from teams playing in the Australian domestic competitions – the Sheffield Shield, the Australian domestic limited-overs cricket tournament and the Big Bash League. The national team has played 801 Test matches, winning 377, losing 215, drawing 207, Australia is ranked the number-one team overall in Test cricket in terms of overall wins, win-loss ratio and wins percentage. As of 29 March 2017, Australia is ranked third in the ICC Test Championship on 108 rating points, the Australian cricket team has played 898 ODI matches, winning 554, losing 303, tying 9 and with 32 ending in no-result. They currently lead the ICC ODI Championship, having done so for 130 of 161 months since its introduction in 2002. Australia have made a record seven World Cup final appearances and have won the World Cup a record five times in total,1987,1999,2003,2007 and 2015 and it is also the second team to win a World Cup on home soil, after India. The team was undefeated in 34 consecutive World Cup matches until 19 March at the 2011 Cricket World Cup where Pakistan beat them by 4 wickets. Australia have also won the ICC Champions Trophy twice – in 2006 and in 2009 – making them the first and the only team to become back to back winners in the Champions Trophy tournaments. Test cricket, which occurred between Australia and England at the time, was limited by the long distance between the two countries, which would take several months by sea. Most cricketers at the time were either from New South Wales or Victoria, with the exception of George Giffen. A highlight of Australias early history was the 1882 Test match against England at The Oval, in this match Fred Spofforth took 7/44 in the games fourth innings to save the match by preventing England from making their 85-run target. This was the start of the famous Ashes series in which Australia, to this day, the contest is one of the fiercest rivalries in sport. It participated in between the 1897–98 English tour of Australia and the 1910–11 South African tour of Australia, Victor Trumper became one of Australias first sporting heroes, and was widely considered Australias greatest batsman before Bradman and one of the most popular players. He played a number of Tests at 49 and scored 3163 runs at a high for the time average of 39.04. His early death in 1915 at the age of 37 from kidney disease caused national mourning, the Wisden Cricketers Almanack, in its obituary for him, called him Australias greatest batsman, Of all the great Australian batsmen Victor Trumper was by general consent the best and most brilliant. Led by Peter McAlister, who was attempting to gain control of tours from the players. This led to six leading players walking out on the 1912 Triangular Tournament in England and this was the last series before the war, and no more cricket was played by Australia for eight years, with Tibby Cotter being killed in Palestine during the war. Test cricket resumed in the 1920/21 season in Australia with a touring English team, captained by Johnny Douglas losing all five Tests to Australia, the team continued its success on the 1921 Tour of England, winning three out of the five Tests in Warwick Armstrongs last series
9.
Hampshire County Cricket Club
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Hampshire County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the county of Hampshire. Hampshire teams formed by earlier organisations, principally the Hambledon Club, always had important match status, because of poor performances for several seasons, Hampshire then lost its status for nine seasons until it was invited into the County Championship in 1895. The club was founded in 1863 and played at the Antelope Ground and they relocated to the County Ground, Southampton until 2000, before moving to the purpose-built Rose Bowl in West End, which is in the Borough of Eastleigh. Hampshire played its first important match in 1864, losing to Sussex at the Antelope Ground, Hampshire had poor results for many seasons and lost its important match status in 1885. They achieved official first-class status in 1895 when they were invited to join the County Championship, the club has twice won the County Championship, in the 1961 and 1973 seasons. It has twice won the Benson & Hedges Cup, in 1988 and 1991, the Cheltenham & Gloucester Trophy once in 2005, having first played Twenty20 cricket in 2003, Hampshire won the Friends Provident t20 in 2010. The County Championship was restructured in 2000, and at the end of the 2002 Hampshire was relegated for the first time, the club remained in the second division for three seasons and since 2004 had competed in the top tier. However, the club was relegated once more in 2011, the club won both the Friends Life t20 and ECB40 in 2012, but it wasnt until 2014 before they were promoted to the first division again. They narrowly avoided relegation in 2015 before being relegated again in 2016, phil Mead is the clubs leading run-scorer with 48,892 runs in 700 matches for Hampshire between 1905 and 1936. Fast bowler Derek Shackleton took 2,669 wickets in 583 first-class matches between 1948 and 1969 which remains a club record. Alec Kennedy, whose career lasted from 1907 to 1936, was the first player to score 10,000 runs, Colin Ingleby-Mackenzie was both Hampshire last amateur captain and first professional captain. If authentic, this is the earliest known mention of cricket in Hampshire, but, with the sport having originated in Saxon or Norman times on the Weald, it must have reached Hampshire long before 1647. In 1680, lines written in an old Bible invite All you that do delight in Cricket, come to Marden, Marden is in Sussex, north of Chichester, and interestingly close to Hambledon, which is just across the county boundary in Hampshire. Hampshire is used in a name for the first time in August 1729. The origin of the legendary Hambledon Club is lost, Hambledon had presumably earned recognition as the best parish team in Hampshire, but no reports of their local matches have been found. We do not know when the Hambledon Club was founded and it likely that some kind of parish organisation was operating in 1756. The Sussex v Hampshire match in June 1766 is the earliest reference to Hampshire as a county team
10.
Hampshire Cricket Board
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The Hampshire Cricket Board was formed in 1996 and is the governing body for all recreational cricket in the historic county of Hampshire. Following a restructuring in January 2010, the HCB now operates as a limited company, three years after the HCB was formed, the England and Wales Cricket Board reformed the NatWest Trophy by allowing all twenty Minor counties and the cricket boards of all first-class English counties. These matches held List A status, with the HCB defeating Suffolk in its first match in the 1999 NatWest Trophy, the HCB played eight List A matches before the ECB reduced the competitions size, which resulted in the cricket boards being excluded from future competitions. It won three of its eight matches, the Board was also permitted to take part in the Minor counties one-day competition between 1998 and 2002. As part of its role to develop the game in Hampshire the HCB offers a number of ECB accredited courses involving coaching, qualified coaches are then able to join the HCB Coaches Association and ECB Coaches Association, with both associations helping coaching communication and individual practical development. The HCB Association is run by a management committee consists of officials from local cricket clubs which are affiliated with the HCB. At the HCB Annual General Meeting in January 2010, it was decided that it would become a limited company and this required the structure of the HCB to be changed to accommodate this change. The Executive Committee was replaced with a board of directors, successful implementation of the improvement action plan and reaching quantitative targets, secures funding from the ECB. In its new form the sub committees have been restructured and these are the Senior Cricket Committee, Finance Committee, Facilities Committee, HCB Coaches Association and Hampshire Association of Cricket Officials
11.
Cricket
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Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a cricket field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard-long pitch with a wicket at each end. One team bats, attempting to score as many runs as possible, each phase of play is called an innings. After either ten batsmen have been dismissed or a number of overs have been completed, the innings ends. The winning team is the one that scores the most runs, including any extras gained, at the start of each game, two batsmen and eleven fielders enter the field of play. The striker takes guard on a crease drawn on the four feet in front of the wicket. His role is to prevent the ball hitting the stumps by use of his bat. The other batsman, known as the non-striker, waits at the end of the pitch near the bowler. A dismissed batsman must leave the field, and a teammate replaces him, the bowlers objectives are to prevent the scoring of runs and to dismiss the batsman. An over is a set of six deliveries bowled by the same bowler, the next over is bowled from the other end of the pitch by a different bowler. If a fielder retrieves the ball enough to put down the wicket with a batsman not having reached the crease at that end of the pitch. Adjudication is performed on the field by two umpires, the laws of cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council and the Marylebone Cricket Club. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball. Although crickets origins are uncertain, it is first recorded in south-east England in the 16th century and it spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, leading to the first international matches in the mid-19th century. ICC, the governing body, has over 100 members. The sport is followed primarily in Australasia, Britain, the Indian subcontinent, southern Africa, womens cricket, which is organised and played separately, has also achieved international standard. A number of words have been suggested as sources for the term cricket, in the earliest definite reference to the sport in 1598 it is called creckett. One possible source for the name is the Old English cricc or cryce meaning a crutch or staff, in Samuel Johnsons Dictionary, he derived cricket from cryce, Saxon, a stick
12.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
13.
M27 motorway
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The M27 is a motorway in Hampshire, England. It is 25 miles long and runs west-east from Cadnam to Portsmouth and it was opened in stages between 1975 and 1983. It is unfinished, as an extension to the east was planned, a number of smaller motorways were proposed, connecting the city centres of Southampton and Portsmouth to the motorway, of these only the M271 and M275 were built. It then runs alongside the northern outskirts of Fareham, briefly with a climbing lane in either direction. Very shortly after this point the motorway ends, becoming the A27, the official reason for this section of road not being a continuation of the motorway is the hard shoulders being too narrow. Although the M275 which the M27 junctions with, has no hard shoulders throughout its entire length. The M27 was opened in stages between 1975 and 1983, the South Stoneham garden of remembrance is now located at the north end of the cemetery, adjacent to the motorway. It has been said that the M27 was intended as a motorway connecting south coast towns from Penzance to Ramsgate, however the only proposal of a route similar to that was by the Institution of Highway Engineers in 1936. Road developments in the New Forest are also restricted due to its National Park status and it is not part of the M27 as its hard shoulders are not quite wide enough to comply with motorway regulations. The M272 was meant to go from Junction 5 through Portswood to the centre of Southampton, the M272 was instead built as the A335 Thomas Lewis Way. Junction 6 was never built – there were plans for a spur connecting the M27 to the centre of the Townhill Park area of Southampton. A planned service area just east of Junction 9 was never constructed, the long westbound exit slip road at Junction 9 was designed to allow an entry to and exit from the service area. Data from driver location signs are used to distance and carriageway identifier information. Where a junction spans several hundred metres and start and end points are available, Junction 1 is about 1,800 metres from The Rufus Stone, where King William II, also known as William Rufus, was killed in what may have been a hunting accident in 1100. List of motorways in the United Kingdom CBRD Motorway Database – M27 The Motorway Archive – M27 TAB-MSAS, Photo Gallery, M27
14.
Southampton
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Southampton, on the south coast of England, is the largest city in the ceremonial county of Hampshire. It is 75 miles south-west of London and 19 miles north-west of Portsmouth, Southampton is a major port and the closest city to the New Forest. It lies at the northernmost point of Southampton Water at the confluence of the Rivers Test and Itchen, the city, which is a unitary authority, has an estimated population of 253,651. The citys name is abbreviated in writing to Soton or Soton. Significant employers in the city include the University of Southampton, Southampton Solent University, Southampton Airport, Ordnance Survey, BBC South, Southampton has a large shopping centre and retail park, Westquay. In 2014, the city approved a follow-up from the Westquay park, WestQuay Watermark. This built-up area is part of the area known as South Hampshire. With a population of over 1.5 million this makes the one of the United Kingdoms most populous metropolitan areas. Archaeological finds suggest that the area has been inhabited since the stone age, following the Roman invasion of Britain in AD43 and the conquering of the local Britons in 70 AD the fortress settlement of Clausentum was established. It was an important trading port and defensive outpost of Winchester, Clausentum was defended by a wall and two ditches and is thought to have contained a bath house. Clausentum was not abandoned until around 410, the Anglo-Saxons formed a new, larger, settlement across the Itchen centred on what is now the St Marys area of the city. The settlement was known as Hamwic, which evolved into Hamtun, archaeological excavations of this site have uncovered one of the best collections of Saxon artefacts in Europe. It is from this town that the county of Hampshire gets its name, viking raids from 840 onwards contributed to the decline of Hamwic in the 9th century, and by the 10th century a fortified settlement, which became medieval Southampton, had been established. Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy. By the 13th century Southampton had become a port, particularly involved in the import of French wine in exchange for English cloth. The Franciscan friary in Southampton was founded circa 1233, the friars constructed a water supply system in 1290, which carried water from Conduit Head some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road, the friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310. The town was sacked in 1338 by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships, on visiting Southampton in 1339, Edward III ordered that walls be built to close the town
15.
Worcestershire County Cricket Club
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Worcestershire County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the county of Worcestershire. Its Twenty20 team has been rebranded the Worcestershire Rapids, but the county is known by most fans as the Pears, the club is based at New Road, Worcester. Founded in 1865, Worcestershire held minor status at first and was a prominent member of the early Minor Counties Championship in the 1890s, in 1899, the club joined the County Championship and the team was elevated to senior status as an official first-class team. Worcestershire has been classified as a List A team since the beginning of limited overs cricket in 1963, a match on 28 August 1844 at Hartlebury Common between Worcestershire and Shropshire is the earliest known instance of a county team in Worcestershire. Two years later, XXII of Worcestershire played William Clarkes All-England Eleven at Powick Hams, Worcestershire CCC was formed on 4 March 1865 at the Star Hotel in Worcester. The club owes much to Paul Foley who was from a family of iron masters in Stourbridge and he also owned an agricultural estate at Stoke Edith in Herefordshire. He became involved with the club in the 1880s and helped to establish the Minor Counties Championship which began in 1895, Worcestershire shared the inaugural title with Durham and Norfolk before winning outright in 1896,1897 and 1898. With this success behind it, the applied for first-class status. Worcestershire CCC played its initial first-class match versus Yorkshire CCC on 4,5 &6 May 1899, the inclusion of Worcestershire increased the County Championship to 15 teams. At first they performed moderately despite the batting of Tip Foster. Their best performance that year was an innings of 567 on a difficult pitch against Fielder. After that year, however, the batting was never enough to make up for woefully weak bowling. Their form, with one exception, was woeful up to the early thirties. Fred Root, one of the first exponents of leg theory bowling, roly Jenkins, with 183 wickets in 1949, gave them briefly the best attack in county cricket, but they soon declined again and their form in the 1950s was indifferent at best. They were also losing finalist in the first ever Gillette Cup Final in 1963 - the inaugural limited overs knockout competition in England, Worcestershire also won the Sunday League in 1987 and 1988. Worcestershires success continued into the 1990s, with a first ever success in the Benson and Hedges Cup in 1991, captained by Phil Neale, the Pears beat Lancashire by 65 runs in the final at Lords, gaining revenge for defeat against Lancashire in the previous years competition. Worcestershires next title came in 1994 when they won the Natwest Trophy, not only did they avenge their defeat at the hands of Warwickshire in the B&H Cup Final earlier that summer but it was also their first success in the competition after three previous final defeats
16.
International cricket
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There was no formal structure of international cricket until the early twenty-first century. It had long been traditional for countries, without any intervention from a body such as the International Cricket Council, to organise for themselves the various cricket matches. The ICC later committed the Test cricket playing nations to each other in a programme of matches over a period of 10 years known as the ICC Future Tours Programme. Most Test, One-Day and Twenty20 matches take place in the form of tours, the triangular tournament format is often used when one tour is about to conclude and the other has just begun or may include one team only for that tournament. In the tournament, the three play each other either two or three times. Test series can last from two to six matches, six-match series were common in the 1970s and early 1980s, with the last six-match series to date taking place in 1997–98 between the West Indies and England. Ashes Test series in England were six-match affairs between 1981 and 1997, but Australia reverted to five matches in its home series from 1982–83, the most important series last four or five matches, while the less important ones last two to three matches. At most, a trophy is awarded to the winning team. The Ashes is the most famous perpetual trophy, usually, the shorter one-day series are played at the same time as longer Test series – although the one-day matches and Test matches are usually played in groups. These days, it is rare that a Test series is interrupted by One Day Internationals, t20 Series last from one to three matches. In addition to tours, nations may organise one-day matches at neutral venues. The BCCI revived ties in 2004, similarly, a semiannual Triangular Tournament was organised at Sharjah, in the United Arab Emirates. However, the tournament has lost its lustre because the number of cricket matches has spoiled the pitch. In contrast to the one-dayers, Tests are almost never held in neutral venues, most notably, Pakistan has hosted Test series in England, the UAE and Sri Lanka in the 21st century. Security implications have also affected tours to Sri Lanka and tours to Zimbabwe in the past, in addition to the one-day series and tournaments organised by the nations themselves, the ICC organises two One Day International tournaments. The World Cup is held four years, it involves all the Test-playing nations. Note, The 2002 ICC Champions Trophy was won by India & Sri Lanka, back in 2001 the ICC decided to create a plan designed to make all ICC full member countries play each other for Test cricket over a period of ten years. This was approved in February 2001 by the ICC member countries. Thus, India and Pakistan played 12 ODIs and 6 Tests against each other in their countries from 2004 to April 2005
17.
One Day International
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A One Day International is a form of limited overs cricket, played between two teams with international status, in which each team faces a fixed number of overs, usually 50. The Cricket World Cup is played in this format, One Day International matches are also called Limited Overs Internationals, although this generic term may also refer to Twenty20 International matches. They are major matches and considered the highest standard of limited overs competition, the international one-day game is a late twentieth-century development. The first ODI was played on 5 January 1971 between Australia and England at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. When the first three days of the third Test were washed out officials decided to abandon the match and, instead, Australia won the game by 5 wickets. ODIs were played in kits with a red ball. The first of the matches with coloured uniforms was the WSC Australians in wattle gold versus WSC West Indians in coral pink, played at VFL Park in Melbourne on 17 January 1979. Matches played with coloured kits and a white ball became more commonplace over time, and the use of white flannels, in the main the Laws of cricket apply. However, in ODIs, each team bats for a number of overs. In the early days of ODI cricket, the number of overs was generally 60 overs per side, and matches were played with 40,45 or 55 overs per side. Simply stated, the works as follows, An ODI is contested by 2 teams of 11 players each. The Captain of the winning the toss chooses to either bat or bowl first. The team batting first sets the score in a single innings. The innings lasts until the side is all out or all of the first sides allotted overs are completed. Each bowler is restricted to bowling a maximum of 10 overs, therefore, each team must comprise at least five competent bowlers. The team batting second tries to score more than the score in order to win the match. Similarly, the side bowling second tries to out the second team or make them exhaust their overs before they reach the target score in order to win. If the number of runs scored by both teams is equal when the team loses all of its wickets or exhausts all its overs
18.
Twenty20 International
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A Twenty20 International is a form of cricket, played between two of the top members of the International Cricket Council, in which each team faces 20 overs. The matches have top-class status and are the highest T20 standard, the game is played under the rules of Twenty20 cricket. ICC decided to use DRS in Twenty20 internationals from October 2017, in 2016, for the first time in a calendar year, more Twenty20 International matches were played than ODI matches. There remain limits on how many Twenty20 Internationals a team can play each year, in order to protect Test cricket, as of 2016, there are 18 nations that feature in ICC T20I team rankings. The shorter format of the game makes reaching the milestones of scoring a century or taking five wickets in an innings more difficult. Cricket itself was probably first played in England in the Late Middle Ages, a set of laws were drawn up in 1744, and the game achieved a level of relative standardisation by the late nineteenth century. One-day cricket was trialled in 1962, and the first domestic tournament played the following year, the match consisted of one innings for each side, with 40 eight-ball overs. At the same time, the England and Wales Cricket Board conducted consumer research, and proposed the idea of a 20 overs-per-side contest, the first match was played in 2003 between Hampshire and Sussex. The first Twenty20 International match between two sides was played on 17 February 2005, involving Australia and New Zealand. However, Ponting himself said if it does become a game then Im sure the novelty wont be there all the time. Two further matches were played that year, England beat Australia in June, the game had initially been developed to boost the interest in domestic cricket, and to aid this the international teams were only allowed to host three T20Is each year. The cricket manager for the ICC, David Richardson, also commented that Part of the success of Twenty20 cricket is making sure it can coexist with Test cricket, despite this, the first international tournament was held in 2007 in South Africa, the 2007 ICC World Twenty20. That tournament was won by India, who defeated their close rivals Pakistan in the final, writing for The Guardian, Dilip Premachandran suggested that the competitions success meant that the format is here to stay. The next tournament was scheduled for 2009, and it was decided that they would take place biannually, in the opening match of the 2007 World Twenty20, Chris Gayle scored the first century in a T20I, the achievement being reached in the twentieth match of the format. The 500th T20I match was contested between Ireland and the United Arab Emirates at the Sheikh Zayed Stadium, Abu Dhabi on 16 February 2016, the ten Test-playing nations have permanent T20I status. On 28 June 2014, the ICC granted T20I status to Nepal and Netherlands, in 1998, cricket was played as part of the Commonwealth Games, on this occasion in the 50-over format. Cricket was played in 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China and 2014 Asian Games in Incheon, there was further calls for subsequent Commonwealth Games and Olympic Games. The Commonwealth Games Federation asked the ICC to participate in the 2014 and 2018 Commonwealth Games, eSPNcricinfo suggested that the opposition might be based on the possible loss of income
19.
Test cricket
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Test cricket is the longest form of the sport of cricket and is considered its highest standard. Test matches are played between national teams with Test status, as determined by the International Cricket Council. The two teams of 11 players play a match, which may last up to five days. It is generally considered the most complete examination of teams playing ability, the name Test stems from the long, gruelling match being a test of the relative strengths of the two sides. A Test match to celebrate 100 years of Test cricket was held in Melbourne from 12 to 17 March 1977, in October 2012, the International Cricket Council recast the playing conditions for Test matches, permitting day/night Test matches. The first day/night game took place between Australia and New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval, Adelaide, on 27 November 2015, Test matches are the highest level of cricket although, statistically, their data forms part of first-class cricket. Matches are played between national teams with Test status, as determined by the International Cricket Council. As of December 2014, ten teams have Test status. Zimbabwes Test status was suspended, because of poor performances between 2006 and 2011, it returned to competition in August 2011. If the Associate team defeats the test nation, then they could be added as the new test country, a list of matches, defined as Tests, was first drawn up by Australian Clarence Moody in the mid-1890s. Representative matches played by simultaneous England touring sides of 1891–92 and 1929–30 are deemed to have Test status, in 1970, a series of five Test matches was played in England between England and a Rest of the World XI. These matches, originally scheduled between England and South Africa, were amended after South Africa was suspended from international cricket because of their governments policy of apartheid. Although initially given Test status, this was withdrawn and a principle was established that official Test matches can only be between nations. Despite this, in 2005, the ICC ruled that the six-day Super Series match that took place in October 2005, some cricket writers and statisticians, including Bill Frindall, ignored the ICCs ruling and excluded the 2005 match from their records. The series of Test matches played in Australia between Australia and a World XI in 1971/72 do not have Test status, there are currently ten Test-playing teams, representing individual nations except for England and the West Indies. Test status is conferred upon a country or group of countries by the International Cricket Council, teams that do not have Test status can play in the ICC Intercontinental Cup, specifically designed to allow non-Test teams to play under conditions similar to Tests. In May 2016, ICC announced that it is contemplating the idea of two-tiers in Test match cricket, ICC hopes that this will help them draw more crowd and generate more revenue from the matches played between top tier teams. Promotion and relegation could be introduced into Test cricket as early as 2019 and this will give opportunities to more countries like Afghanistan and Ireland to play test cricket
20.
Borough of Eastleigh
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Eastleigh is separated from the New Forest by Southampton Water. Water bounds much of the borough, with Southampton Water and the River Hamble bordering the east and southwest of the district. The built up nature of neighbouring Southampton and the area around the town of Eastleigh contrast with the rural nature of much of the borough. The original Eastleigh borough was formed in 1936 following the incorporation of the former Eastleigh Urban District Council. The borough as it is today was formed in 1974, when the existing Borough of Eastleigh expanded to include part of the former Winchester Rural District as a result of the Local Government Act 1972. The name of the borough was chosen by the childrens author, there are eight parishes within the borough, but some areas are unparished and controlled directly by the borough council, which has 44 seats. The councils headquarters is in the town of Eastleigh itself, the borough is also served by seven county councillors and two members of Parliament. The boroughs latin motto, Salus populi suprema lex translates as The Welfare of the People is the most important Law, Eastleigh is rather urbanised with a population of 125,900 in the 2011 census and a high population density. However, that population is in general health than the South East region. The borough is served by two motorways and seven railway stations as well as containing an international airport, there is also a ferry linking Hamble-le-Rice in Eastleigh to Warsash in Fareham, and a disused canal running through the north of the borough. There are eight scheduled ancient monuments and around 180 listed buildings in the borough, with Netley Abbey, Bursledon Windmill, the chapel of Netley Hospital, the borough also contains eight conservation areas and around 20,000 trees protected by tree preservation orders. The boroughs origins begin with the formation of a parish covering the villages of Eastley, the parish grew rapidly, it had a population of 515 in 1871, over 1,000 in 1881 and 3,613 in 1891. In order to facilitate the creation of pavements with kerbs, drains and sewers, and street lights, two years later, the local board was replaced by Eastleigh Urban District Council, which was merged with the neighbouring community of Bishopstoke in 1899, retaining the Eastleigh name. The first Eastleigh Borough was incorporated in 1936 under the Municipal Corporations Act 1882 and this conversion from Eastleigh Urban District Council to Eastleigh Borough Council allowed the authority to create bylaws. The Local Government Act 1972 resulted in this borough of Eastleigh merging with seven parishes from the Winchester Rural District to become the borough as it is today, in 2006, the borough was ranked the ninth best place to live in the UK by a Channel 4 programme. Most of the borough has a local government system, consisting of a local parish council or town council, Eastleigh Borough Council itself. However, some areas, including the town of Eastleigh itself, there are 44 seats on the borough council across 19 wards. At present,38 of these 44 seats are held by Liberal Democrat councillors, with six Conservative councillors, the council has a strong tradition of attending to environmental matters and in 2008 was named a beacon council under the theme Tackling Climate Change
21.
Dean Park Cricket Ground
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Dean Park is a cricket ground in Bournemouth, England, currently used by Dorset County Cricket Club, Bournemouth University Cricket Club, as well as by Parley Cricket Club and Suttoners Cricket Club. It was formerly used by Hampshire County Cricket Club, Dean Park has hosted 343 first-class matches since 1897, but none since 1992. There have also been 77 List A games at the ground, one womens One-day International, between Young England and Australia, was staged at Dean Park as part of the inaugural Womens Cricket World Cup in 1973. In 1888 the club moved to Dean Park and changed their name to Bournemouth Dean Park, grounds - Dean Park, Bournemouth, Cricinfo
22.
Bournemouth
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Bournemouth /ˈbɔːrnməθ/ is a large coastal resort town on the south coast of England directly to the east of the Jurassic Coast, a 96-mile World Heritage Site. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 183,491 making it the largest settlement in Dorset. With Poole to the west and Christchurch in the east, Bournemouth forms the South East Dorset conurbation, before it was founded in 1810 by Lewis Tregonwell, the area was a deserted heathland occasionally visited by fishermen and smugglers. Initially marketed as a resort, the town received a boost when it appeared in Dr Granvilles book. Bournemouths growth really accelerated with the arrival of the railway and it became a town in 1870. Historically part of Hampshire, it joined Dorset with the reorganisation of government in 1974. Since 1997, the town has been administered by a unitary authority, the local council is Bournemouth Borough Council. The town centre has notable Victorian architecture and the 202-foot spire of St Peters Church, Bournemouths location has made it a popular destination for tourists, attracting over five million visitors annually with its beaches and popular nightlife. The town is also a centre of business, home of the Bournemouth International Centre or BIC. The word bourne, meaning a stream, is a derivative of burna. A travel guide published in 1831 calls the place Bourne Cliffe or Tregonwells Bourne after its founder, the Spas of England, published ten years later, calls it simply Bourne as does an 1838 edition of the Hampshire Advertiser. In the late 19th century Bournemouth became predominant, although its two-word form appears to have remained in use up until at least the early 20th century, in the 12th century the region around the mouth of the River Bourne was part of the Hundred of Holdenhurst. Although the Dorset and Hampshire region surrounding it had been the site of settlement for thousands of years, Westover was largely a remote. In 1574 the Earl of Southampton noted that the area was Devoid of all habitation, on this barren and uncultivated heath there was not a human to direct us. Bronze Age burials near Moordown, and the discovery of Iron Age pottery on the East Cliff in 1969, Hengistbury Head, added to the borough in 1932, was the site of a much older Palaeolithic encampment. No-one lived at the mouth of the Bourne river and the regular visitors to the area before the 19th century were a few fishermen, turf cutters. Prior to the Christchurch Inclosures Act 1802, more than 70% of the Westover area was common land, in 1809 the Tapps Arms public house appeared on the heath. A few years later, in 1812, the first official residents, retired army officer Lewis Tregonwell and his wife, the area was well known to Tregonwell who, during the Napoleonic wars, spent much of his time searching the heath and coastline for French invaders and smugglers
23.
United Services Recreation Ground
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The United Services Recreation Ground is a sports ground situated in Burnaby Road, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England. The ground is bordered to the north by Park Road, along which the railway line to Portsmouth Harbour and Gunwharf Quays overlooks the ground. The southern end of the ground is dominated by the Officers Club building, the ground is owned by The Crown. A multitude of sports have played at the ground, including cricket, rugby. United Services Portsmouth Cricket Club currently play at the ground, the ground is used in its dual capacity as a rugby venue by United Services Portsmouth Rugby Football Club, who have played there since 1882. The Royal Navy Rugby Union also use the ground for their home matches, the end names are the Railway End to the north and the Officers Club End to the south. Located to the north of Old Portsmouth, the area where the ground is located was a sea inlet in the 17th century, after this, the land was gradually reclaimed from the sea. There is evidence that cricket has played at the United Services Recreation Ground since 1852. The ground in its present location is said to have made available following largescale demolition of defence works in the city during the 1870s. First-class cricket was first played there on 17,18 and 19 August 1882 and this first match was won by Cambridge University Past and Present by 20 runs, following an Australian batting collapse in which A. G. Steel took 5/24. Hampshire first played there a week after the first match, against Sussex in which they lost by an innings, over the coming decade the ground was used once by G. N. Wyatts XI, on three occasions by Oxford and Cambridge Universities Past and Present and twice by the East of England, Hampshire lost first-class status during this period and were considered a second-class county, though Hampshire did play at the ground once during this period against Sussex in 1888. The 1893 match between the Australians and Oxford and Cambridge Universities Past and Present was notable for the Australians setting what was then a record first-class innings score of 843, Hampshire regained first-class status in 1895 and were admitted to the expanded County Championship. Over the coming seasons, Hampshire tended to two to three matches there per season. The ground Naval connection saw services players bought into the Hampshire team on occasion, the early 1900s saw little success for Hampshire at the ground, with the county winning just two of eighteen matches played at the ground from 1900 to 1907. 1920 saw Hampshires first even double century opening partnership between Alex Bowell and George Brown, with the two compiling a partnership of 204. The Combined Services played only their second ever match in that same season against the Australians. Later in the 1920s, the Royal Navy played first-class cricket at the ground for the first time, the first hat trick at the ground was taken by Stuart Boyes in 1925
24.
Portsmouth
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Portsmouth is a port city in Hampshire, England, mainly on Portsea Island,70 miles south-west of London and 19 miles south-east of Southampton. It is the United Kingdoms only island city and has a population of 205,400, the city forms part of the South Hampshire built-up area, which also covers Southampton and the towns of Havant, Waterlooville, Eastleigh, Fareham, and Gosport. The citys history can be traced to Roman times, a significant naval port for centuries, Portsmouth has the worlds oldest dry dock and was Englands first line of defence during the French invasion in 1545. Special Palmerston Forts were built in 1859 in anticipation of invasion from continental Europe. The worlds first mass production line was set up in the city, during the Second World War, the city was a pivotal embarkation point for the D-Day landings and was bombed extensively in the Portsmouth Blitz, which resulted in the deaths of 930 people. In 1982, the city housed the entirety of the forces in the Falklands War. Her Majestys Yacht Britannia left the city to oversee the transfer of Hong Kong in 1997, Portsmouth is one of the worlds best known ports. HMNB Portsmouth is the largest dockyard for the Royal Navy and is home to two-thirds of the UKs surface fleet, the city is home to some famous ships, including HMS Warrior, the Tudor carrack Mary Rose and Horatio Nelsons flagship, HMS Victory. The former HMS Vernon naval shore establishment has been redeveloped as a park known as Gunwharf Quays. Portsmouth is among the few British cities with two cathedrals, the Anglican Cathedral of St Thomas and the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St John the Evangelist, the waterfront and Portsmouth Harbour are dominated by the Spinnaker Tower, one of the United Kingdoms tallest structures at 560 feet. Nearby Southsea is a resort with a pier amusement park. Portsmouth F. C. the citys football club, play their home games at Fratton Park. The city has several railway stations that connect to London Waterloo amongst other lines in southern England. Portsmouth International Port is a cruise ship and ferry port for international destinations. The port is the second busiest in the United Kingdom after Dover, the city formerly had its own airport, Portsmouth Airport, until its closure in 1973. The University of Portsmouth enrols 23,000 students and is ranked among the worlds best modern universities, Portsmouth is also the birthplace of author Charles Dickens and engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel. The Romans built Portus Adurni, a fort, at nearby Portchester in the third century. The citys Old English name Portesmuða is derived from port, meaning a haven, and muða and it was mentioned in an Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for the year 501, Her cwom Port on Bretene 7 his. ii
25.
May's Bounty
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Mays Bounty is a cricket ground situated along Bounty Road in Basingstoke, Hampshire, England. The ground is compact and is lined on all sides by trees, the Bounty was used intermittently by Hampshire County Cricket Club in the early twentieth, before Hampshire began to play there annually from 1966 to 2000. The ground is owned by the Basingstoke Sports and Social Club and is used in cricket by Basingstoke. The ground has a capacity for matches of 2,500, while its end names are called the Town End to the north. Cricket is believed to have played at Mays Bounty or in its vicinity as far back as 1855. The current Basingstoke and North Hants Cricket Club was founded in 1865, the first match which was recorded at the ground saw Basingstoke play a United South of England Eleven. Hampshire first played first-class cricket there in 1906 against Warwickshire in the County Championship, the maiden first-class century there was also scored in this match by Warwickshires Sep Kinneir. Hampshire would not return to the ground until 1935, when Hampshire played Surrey in the County Championship and it was during this match that Andy Sandham scored his hundredth hundred. The following season Hampshire played two matches there, against Nottinghamshire and Cambridge University. In the match against Nottinghamshire, Hampshire made their lowest first-class total at the ground when they were dismissed for just 61, Hampshire played a final first-class match there before World War II against Worcestershire. Prior to the war, Hampshire had lost six of their seven matches at Mays Bounty, first-class cricket didnt return to the ground immediately after the war, with Hampshire next playing there in 1951 against Oxford University. It wasnt until 1966 that the ground started to become a feature on Hampshires fixture list. The following season the ground held its first List A match when Hampshire played Lincolnshire in the 1967 Gillette Cup, other records made in that decade saw both the highest and lowest List A team totals,251 and 43 respectively. The highest score in List A cricket at the ground was made in 1974 by Barry Richards against Glamorgan, during his sustained period of use by Hampshire, the county played 35 first-class matches and 30 List A matches. Hampshires Robin Smith hold the record for the most first-class runs at Mays Bounty, having scored 977 runs at an average of 69.78 and this despite Smith missing many matches due to Hampshires Basingstoke fixture clashing with Smiths England Test duties at Lords. Glamorgans Alan Jones holds the highest individual score at the ground, making an unbeaten 204 in 1980. Mark Nicholas and Gordon Greenidge also had favourable records at the ground, in January 2007, Hampshire announced their intention to return to Mays Bounty in 2008. Hampshire played a further two matches there, in the 2009 County Championship against Yorkshire, and in the 2010 County Championship against Durham
26.
Basingstoke
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Basingstoke is the largest town in Hampshire. It is situated in south central England, and lies across a valley at the source of the River Loddon and it is located 30 miles northeast of Southampton,48 miles southwest of London, and 19 miles northeast of the county town and former capital Winchester. According to the 2011 census the town had a population of 107,355 and it is part of the borough of Basingstoke and Deane and part of the parliamentary constituency of Basingstoke. Basingstoke is often nicknamed Doughnut City or Roundabout City because of the number of large roundabouts, Basingstoke is an old market town expanded in the mid 1960s as a result of an agreement between London County Council and Hampshire County Council. Basingstoke market was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, at the start of World War II the population was little more than 13,000. It still has a market, but is now larger than Hampshire County Councils definition of a market town. It is also the location of the European headquarters of the TaylorMade-Adidas Golf Company, other industries include publishing, IT, telecommunications, insurance and electronics. The name Basingstoke is believed to have derived from the towns position as the outlying. The ending -stoke means outlying settlement or possibly refers to a stockade that surrounded the settlement in early medieval times. Basing, now Old Basing, a village 2 miles to the east, is thought to have the same etymology and it remained the main settlement until changes in the local church moved the religious base from St Marys Church, Basing, to the church in Basingstoke. The site of Winklebury camp is now home to Fort Hill Community School, nearby, to the west, Roman Road marks the course of a Roman road that ran from Winchester to Silchester. Further to the east, another Roman road ran from Chichester through the villages of Upton Grey. The Harrow Way is an Iron-age ancient route that runs to the south of the town, the first recorded historical event here was the victory gained by Æthelred of Wessex and Alfred the Great over the Danes in 871. Again, in 904, Basingstoke saw a battle between Edward the Elder, Alfreds only son, and his cousin Æthelwald. Basingstoke is recorded as being a site in the Domesday Book. During the Civil War, and the siege of Basing House between 1643 and 1645, the town played host to large numbers of Parliamentarians. During this time, St. Michaels Church was damaged whilst being used as a store and lead was stripped from the roof of the Chapel of the Holy Ghost. It had been incorporated in 1524, but was out of use after the Civil War
27.
Leeds
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Leeds /liːdz/ is a city in West Yorkshire, England. Historically in Yorkshires West Riding, the history of Leeds can be traced to the 5th century when the name referred to an area of the Kingdom of Elmet. The name has applied to many administrative entities over the centuries. It changed from being the appellation of a small borough in the 13th century, through several incarnations. In the 17th and 18th centuries Leeds became a centre for the production. During the Industrial Revolution, Leeds developed into a mill town, wool was the dominant industry but flax, engineering, iron foundries, printing. From being a market town in the valley of the River Aire in the 16th century Leeds expanded and absorbed the surrounding villages to become a populous urban centre by the mid-20th century. The city has the third largest jobs total by local authority area with 480,000 in employment and self-employment at the beginning of 2015. Leeds is also ranked as a world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Leeds is served by four universities, and has the fourth largest student population in the country and has the fourth largest urban economy. After London, Leeds is the largest legal and financial centre in the UK, with over 30 national and international banks located in the city. Leeds is also the UKs third largest manufacturing centre with around 1,800 firms and 39,000 employees, the largest sub-sectors are engineering, printing and publishing, food and drink, chemicals and medical technology. Outside of London, Leeds has the third busiest railway station, Public transport, rail and road communications networks in the region are focused on Leeds and there are a number of twinning arrangements with towns and cities in other countries. The name Leeds derives from the old Brythonic word Ladenses meaning people of the fast-flowing river and this name originally referred to the forested area covering most of the Brythonic kingdom of Elmet, which existed during the 5th century into the early 7th century. An inhabitant of Leeds is locally known as a Loiner, a word of uncertain origin, the term Leodensian is also used, from the citys Latin name. Leeds developed as a town in the Middle Ages as part of the local agricultural economy. Before the Industrial Revolution it became a centre for the manufacture of woollen cloth. Leeds handled one sixth of Englands export trade in 1770, growth, initially in textiles, was accelerated by the building of the Aire and Calder Navigation in 1699 and the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1816
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Michael Hopkins (architect)
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Sir Michael Hopkins, CBE, RA, AADipl is an English architect. Michael Hopkins was born in Poole, Dorset, and educated at Sherborne School and he worked for Frederick Gibberd before entering into partnership with Norman Foster, where he was the project architect of the Willis Faber headquarters in Ipswich. With Norman Foster, Richard Rogers and Nicholas Grimshaw, Hopkins was one of the figures in the introduction of high-tech architecture into Britain. In 1976 Hopkins set up what became Hopkins Architects in partnership with his wife, Patricia, one of their first buildings was their own house in Hampstead, a lightweight steel structure with glass façades. Early Hopkins buildings, such as the Greene King brewery in Bury St Edmunds, the practice became recognised for its combination of ultra-modern techniques with traditional architecture, broadening their palette of materials and forms. Together Hopkins and his received the Royal Institute of British Architects Royal Gold Medal. Michael Hopkins was elected to the Royal Academy in 1992 and awarded the CBE and knighted for services to architecture
29.
Pavilion
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In architecture a pavilion has several meanings. In architectural terminology it refers to a building that is either positioned separately or as an attachment to a main building. Often its function makes it an object of pleasure, such configurations provide an emphatic visual termination to the composition of a large building, akin to bookends. Pavilions may be small outbuildings, similar to a summer house or a kiosk, small rooms on the roof of a large house. These were particularly popular up to the 18th century and can be equated to the Italian casina and these often resembled small classical temples and follies. Especially if there is space for food preparation, they may be called a banqueting house. A pavilion built to take advantage of a view may be referred to as a gazebo, bandstands in a park are a class of pavilion. A pool house by a swimming pool may have sufficient character, a sports pavilion is usually a building adjacent to a sports ground used for changing clothes and often partaking of refreshments. Often it has a verandah to provide protection from the sun for spectators, in cricket grounds, as at Lords, a cricket pavilion tends to be used for the building the players emerge from and return to, even when this is actually a large building including a grandstand. Externally, pavilions may be emphasised by any combination of a change in height, profile, colour, material, internally they may be part of a rectangular block, or only connected to the main block by a thin section of building. The two 18th-century English country houses of Houghton Hall and Holkham Hall, illustrate these different approaches in turn, in the Place des Vosges, Paris, twin pavilions mark the centers of the north and south sides of the square. They are named the Pavillon du Roi and the Pavillon de la Reine though no royal personage ever lived in the square, with their triple archways, they function like gatehouses that give access to the privileged space of the square. French gatehouses had been built in the form of such pavilions in the preceding century, in some areas, a pavilion is a term for a hunting lodge. The Pavillon de Galon in Luberon, France is a typical 18th century aristocratic hunting pavilion, the pavilion, located on the site of an old Roman villa, includes a garden à la française, which was used by the guests for receptions. Notes Media related to Pavilions at Wikimedia Commons
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Lord's
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Lords, also known as Lords Cricket Ground, is a cricket venue in St Johns Wood, London. Lords is widely referred to as the Home of Cricket and is home to the worlds oldest sporting museum, Lords today is not on its original site, being the third of three grounds that Lord established between 1787 and 1814. His first ground, now referred to as Lords Old Ground, was where Dorset Square now stands and his second ground, Lords Middle Ground, was used from 1811 to 1813 before being abandoned to make way for the construction through its outfield of the Regents Canal. The present Lords ground is about 250 yards north-west of the site of the Middle Ground, the ground can hold 28,000 spectators. Proposals are being developed to increase capacity and amenity, as of December 2013, it was proposed to redevelop the ground at a cost of around £200 million over a 14-year period. The current ground celebrated its two hundredth anniversary in 2014, to mark the occasion, on 5 July an MCC XI captained by Sachin Tendulkar played a Rest of the World XI led by Shane Warne in a 50 overs match. The White Conduit moved there from Islington soon afterwards and reconstituted themselves as Marylebone Cricket Club, in 1811, feeling obliged to relocate because of a rise in rent, Lord removed his turf and relaid it at his second ground. This was short-lived because it lay on the route decided by Parliament for the Regents Canal, the Middle Ground was on the estate of the Eyre family, who offered Lord another plot nearby, and he again relocated his turf. The new ground, on the present site, was opened in the 1814 season, the earliest known match was MCC v Hertfordshire on 22 June 1814. This is not rated a first-class match, MCC won by an innings and 27 runs. The annual Eton v Harrow match was first played on the Old Ground in 1805, there is no record of the fixture being played again until 29 July 1818, when it was held at the present Lords ground for the first time, Harrow won by 13 runs. From 1822, the fixture has been almost an annual event at Lords, in 1987 the new Mound Stand, designed by Michael Hopkins and Partners, was opened, followed by the Grandstand in 1996. Most notably, the Media Centre was added in 1998-9, it won The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize for 1999, the ground can currently hold up to 28,000 spectators. The two ends of the pitch are the Pavilion End, where the members pavilion is located. The main survivor from the Victorian era is the Pavilion, with its famous Long Room and this historic landmark— a Grade II*-listed building— underwent an £8 million refurbishment programme in 2004–05. The pavilion is primarily for members of MCC, who may use its amenities, which include seats for viewing the cricket, the Long Room and its Bar, the Bowlers Bar, at Middlesex matches the Pavilion is open to members of the Middlesex County Club. The Pavilion also contains the rooms where players change, each of which has a small balcony for players to watch the play. The only cricketer to hit a ball over the pavilion was Albert Trott, another highly visible feature of the ground is Old Father Time, a weather vane in the shape of Father Time, currently adorning a stand on the south-east side of the field
31.
National Lottery (United Kingdom)
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The National Lottery is the state-franchised national lottery in the United Kingdom. It is operated by Camelot Group, to whom the licence was granted in 1994,2001, the lottery is regulated by the National Lottery Commission, and was established by the government of John Major in 1994. All prizes are paid as a sum and are tax-free. 5% to cover operating costs and 0. 5% as profit. Lottery tickets and scratch cards may be only by people of at least 16 years of age. A statute of 1698 provided that in England lotteries were by default illegal unless specifically authorised by statute, early English state lotteries included the Million Lottery and the Malt Lottery. These Lotteries were part of a series of experiments by the English government including recoinage. A1934 Act, further liberalised in 1956 and 1976, legalised small lotteries, the UKs state-franchised lottery was set up under government licence by the government of John Major in 1993. The National Lottery is franchised to an operator, the Camelot Group was awarded the franchise on 25 May 1994. The first draw took place on 19 November 1994 with a programme presented by Noel Edmonds. The first numbers drawn were 30,3,5,44,14 and 22, the bonus was 10, tickets became available on the Isle of Man on 2 December 1999 at the request of Tynwald. The National Lottery undertook a rebranding programme in late 2002 designed to combat falling sales. The main game was renamed Lotto, and the National Lottery Extra became Lotto Extra, the stylized crossed-fingers logo was modified. However, the games as a collective are still known as the National Lottery and it is one of the most popular forms of gambling in the United Kingdom. In November 2009 Camelot replaced its older Lotto draw machines, the new machines are named Arthur, Guinevere, Lancelot and Merlin, reusing the names of older machines. At the same time, new machines for the Thunderball game were introduced, the new Lotto machines are the Magnum II model, manufactured by Smartplay International Inc. and the new Thunderball machines are the Smartplay Halogen II model. The ticket purchaser for a syndicate, typically its manager, must meet the eligibility criteria for ticket purchase, in the draw, six numbered balls are drawn without replacement from a set of 59 balls numbered from 1 to 59. A further Bonus Ball is also drawn, which only players who match five numbers. Prizes are awarded to players who match at least three of the six numbers, with prizes increasing for matching more of the drawn numbers
32.
Sport England
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Sport England is a non-departmental public body under the Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Nick Bitel is the Chairman of Sport England and Debbie Jevans CBE is Vice Chair, Sport England was established as the English Sports Council in September 1996 as an executive non-departmental public body by Royal Charter. It began operating in 1997 as Sport England, the funding it distributes comes from both the Treasury and the National Lottery. Since 1997, it has invested over £2bn of Lottery funds, Sport England is organised into nine regions. Following restructuring in 2009, its former Regional Sports Boards have been disbanded, closer working with the sports national governing bodies is key to its new strategy to achieve its target of one million people doing more sport by 2012-13. Sport England is headquartered in Victoria House, Bloomsbury Square in London and it is encouraging sports venues to enhance their development potential by registering under Sport Englands SASP programme as either a National or Regional centre for their particular sport. Its Active Places website is designed to help the public sports facilities anywhere in England. Searching can be through a map, within a given locality or to discover more information about a known facility location. Sport England commissioned the preparation of design advice to assist in the planning of large residential. The downloadable publication Active Design, published in 2007, aims to promote increased opportunities for people to be active as part of their everyday life. Mapp was succeeded by Michael Farrar as interim Chair from December 2007 to March 2009, purnell appointed Richard Lewis to review Sport Englands funding priorities, and he was subsequently appointed Chair on 1 April 2009. On 22 April 2013, Nick Bitel was appointed as new Chairman, Clubmark is an accreditation which Sport England makes available to community sports clubs which fulfil certain criteria. As of April 2015 over 12,000 clubs had the Clubmark accreditation, the sport England logo is based on the sport for all logo which was used from the 1970s onwards. Sportsmark Sport in England Official website
33.
Essex County Cricket Club
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Essex County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the county of Essex. Its limited overs team is called the Essex Eagles, whose colours are all-blue. Founded in 1876, the club had minor county status until 1894 when it was promoted to first-class status pending its entry into the County Championship in 1895, the club plays most of its home games at the County Cricket Ground, Chelmsford. It also plays games at Lower Castle Park in Colchester. The club has used other venues throughout the county including Ilford, Leyton Cricket Ground, Romford, Billericay. The venue is unknown but, if it was at Chingford, the game echoed an earlier one in 1718 as the Chingford team refused to play to a finish when Mr Steads team had the advantage. A court case followed and, as in 1718, it was ordered to be played out presumably so that all wagers could be fulfilled. We know that Lord Chief Justice Pratt presided over the case, the game was completed in 1726. See, History of cricket to 1725 The earliest reference to a team called Essex is in July 1732 when a combined Essex & Herts team played against the London Cricket Club. In July 1737, there was London v Essex at the Artillery Ground, in a return game at Ilford on 1 August 1737, Essex won by 7 runs. References are then occasional until 1785 when the Hornchurch Cricket Club became prominent and this club had a strong team that was representative of Essex as a county. However, the sources differed among themselves re whether the team should be called Essex or Hornchurch, but there is no doubt that Essex was a First-Class county from 1785 until 1794, after which the county strangely and abruptly disappeared from the records for a long time. The new club did not become First-Class until 1894, Essex CCC played its inaugural first-class match on 14,15 &16 May 1894 against Leicestershire CCC at Leyton. It was the initial First-Class match played by club. In 1895, both of these clubs and Warwickshire CCC joined the County Championship, G. F. Higgins scored the second championship century for Essex in the same match putting on 205 with Burns for the fourth wicket. Essex improved rapidly from 1895, so that by 1897 they were in the running for the Championship and they fell off after this despite beating a fine Australian team on a dubious pitch in 1899, never finishing higher than sixth between 1899 and 1932. With the decline of these players, Essex fell to some of their lowest levels ever during the late 1920s and their bowlers conceded over 40 runs a wicket in 1928 – about the highest ever with uncovered pitches
34.
Surrey County Cricket Club
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Surrey County Cricket Club is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales. It represents the county of Surrey. The clubs limited overs team is called Surrey, Surrey teams formed from 1709 by earlier organisations always had senior status and so the county club is rated accordingly from inception, i. e. Home of the club since its foundation in 1845 has been the Oval, the club also has an out ground at Woodbridge Road, Guildford, where some home games are played each season. Surrey CCC has had three periods of great success in its history. In 1955, Surrey won 23 of its 28 county matches, to date, Surrey has won the official County Championship 18 times outright, more than any other county with the exception of Yorkshire. The clubs traditional badge is the Prince of Waless feathers, in 1915, Lord Rosebery obtained permission to use this symbol from the Prince of Wales, hereditary owner of the land on which the Oval stands. It is widely believed that cricket was invented by children living on the Weald in Saxon or Norman times, although not the games birthplace, Surrey does claim the honour of being the location of its first definite mention in print. Evidence from a January 1597 court case confirms that creckett was played by schoolboys on a plot of land in Guildford around 1550. In 1611, King James I gave to his eldest son, Henry, Prince of Wales, the manors of Kennington and Vauxhall, to this day, the Prince of Waless feathers feature on the cricket clubs badge. Cricket became well established in Surrey during the 17th century and the earliest village matches took place before the English Civil War and it is believed that the earliest county teams were formed in the aftermath of the Restoration in 1660. The earliest known match in Surrey was Croydon v London at Croydon on 1 July 1707. In 1709, the earliest known inter-county match took place between Kent and Surrey at Dartford Brent with £50 at stake, Surrey would continue to play cricket against other representative teams from that time onwards. Probably its greatest players during the era were the famous bowler Lumpy Stevens and the wicket-keeper/batsman William Yalden. A further meeting at the Tavern on 18 October 1845 formally constituted the club, appointed officers, a lease on Kennington Oval, a former market garden, was obtained by a Mr Houghton from the Duchy of Cornwall. Mr Houghton was of the old Montpelier Cricket Club,70 members of which formed the nucleus of the new Surrey County club, the Honourable Fred Ponsonby, later the Earl of Bessborough was the first vice-president. Surreys inaugural first-class match was against the MCC at the Oval at the end of May,1846, the clubs first inter-county match, against Kent, was held at the Oval the following month and Surrey emerged victorious by ten wickets. However, the club did not do well that year, despite the extra public attractions at the Oval of a Walking Match, by the start of the 1847 season the club was £70 in debt and there was a motion to close
35.
Ireland cricket team
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The Ireland cricket team is the cricket team representing all of Ireland. They are an Associate member of the International Cricket Council, Ireland played their first ODI in 2006 against England. Since then, they have gone on to play 101 ODIs, resulting in 45 victories,47 defeats,6 no results, contracts for players were introduced in 2009, marking the transition to becoming a professional team. Cricket Ireland is the governing body in Ireland. Cricket was introduced to Ireland in the 19th century, and the first match played by an Ireland team was in 1855, Ireland toured Canada and the United States in the late 19th century, and occasionally hosted matches against touring side. Rivalry with the Scotland national cricket team was established when the teams first played each other in 1888, Irelands maiden first-class match was played in 1902. In 1993 the Irish Cricket Union, the predecessor to Cricket Ireland, was elected to the ICC as an Associate member, Associates are the next level of team below those that play Test cricket. Due to their successes in the Intercontinental Cup and at the World Cup and this would allow Ireland to become a permanent One Day International playing nation and eventually grant them Test status. Ireland qualified for the Cricket World Cup for the first time in 2007 and they also qualified for the 2009,2010,2012, and 2014 World Twenty20 competitions. Ireland also play cricket in the ICC Intercontinental Cup, which they have won four times since 2005. Cricket was introduced to Ireland by the English in the towns of Kilkenny, in the 1830s, the game began to spread, many of the clubs which were founded in the following 30 years are still in existence today. The first Irish national team played in 1855 against The Gentlemen of England in Dublin, in the 1850s, the Englishman Charles Lawrence was responsible for developing the game in Ireland through his coaching. In the 1850s and 1860s, Ireland was visited for the first time by touring professional teams, Irelands first match against Marylebone Cricket Club was in 1858. The game gained popularity until the early 1880s, the land war in the 1880s resulting from the Irish Land Commission and a ban on playing foreign games, in practice, British, by the Gaelic Athletic Association set back the spread of cricket. The ban was lifted in 1970, and before then anyone playing foreign games, such as cricket was banned from the Irish games such as hurling, Irish teams toured Canada and the USA in 1879,1888,1892, and 1909. On top of this, Ireland defeated a touring South African side in 1904 and their first match with first-class status was played on 19 May 1902 against a London County side including W. G. Grace. The Irish, captained by Sir Tim OBrien, won convincingly by 238 runs, after the 1902 tour of England, where four matches yielded one win, two draws and one loss, Ireland did not play first-class cricket again for five years. In 1909, the first annual first-class match between Ireland and Scotland was held, and a match against the M. C. C. was arranged from 1924 onwards
36.
England and Wales Cricket Board
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The England and Wales Cricket Board is the governing body of cricket in England and Wales. It was created on 1 January 1997 combining the roles of the Test and County Cricket Board, the National Cricket Association, the ECBs head offices are at Lords in London. The ECB is governed by representatives of the 38 first-class and minor counties and it is headed by the Management Board, a First-Class Forum and a Recreational Forum. As of the end of the 2016 season, the ECBs chairman is Colin Graves of Yorkshire, an important responsibility is the direction of the England national side. The Chairman of Selectors, head coach and other coaches are ECB employees, the ECB is responsible for the financial direction and commercial exploitation of England cricket. It raises revenue from the proceeds of sales for tickets at One Day International and Test matches in England, the ECB is also responsible for the generation of income from the sale of sponsorship and broadcasting rights, primarily in relation to the English team. The ECBs income in the 2007 calendar year was £93.0 million, in 2007 the ECB distributed £31.6 million in fee payments to the eighteen first class counties, or £1.75 million per team. This subsidy is a source of income for the counties. It also pays certain costs of the domestic cricket programme directly, including the salaries of first class umpires, in 1998 the ECB took on responsibility for the direction of womens cricket in England and Wales from the Womens Cricket Association. In 2005 the ECB concluded an arrangement with BSkyB which gave Sky Sports the exclusive television rights for live Test cricket in England. In 2007 Asian rights for live English cricket were sold to ESPN Star Sports for a period of 5 years for 40 million pounds, cooley left the England setup and joined Australias staff. Hampshire as such has two boards given that the Isle of Wight has its own, Westmorland and Cumberland are replaced by Cumbria, a ceremonial county created in 1974. An additional board exists for the country of Wales and is incorporated within the ECB. Most counties have clubs which are members of either the County Championship or the Minor Counties Cricket Championship, rutland and the Isle of Wight do not have county clubs and are wholly integrated for that purpose with Leicestershire and Hampshire respectively. Huntingdonshire County Cricket Club has a history and now plays informal matches only. Cumberland and Westmorland originally shared Cumberland County Cricket Club as a joint county club and it is now representative of Cumbria as a whole and plays matches in both of the two traditional counties, there has never been a club called Westmorland. Cricket Wales, who are recognised by Sport Wales as the body for cricket in Wales, are one of the 39 Boards that make up the ECB. Plaid Cymru have argued that Wales should have its own international team, the proposal has aroused opposition from Cricket Wales and Glamorgan County Cricket Club, who argue such a move would be financially disastrous
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India national under-19 cricket team
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The Indian Under-19 cricket team represents the nation of India in cricket at Under-19 level. The team is captained by Abhishek Sharma and coached by former India cricketer Rahul Dravid. The Indian team has won three Under-19 World Cups, in 2000, they won it under the captaincy of Mohammad Kaif and in 2008, they won it under Virat Kohlis leadership and in 2012 under the captaincy of Unmukt Chand. The team also has the best win percentage in ODIs among all Under-19 national teams, the following 15 players were selected for the 2016–17 Under-19 Asia Cup. Head coach, Rahul Dravid Bowling coach, Paras Mhambrey Fielding coach, Abhay Sharma
England v 
Sri Lanka
India
South Africa v 
Zimbabwe
Australia
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v 
India, 2014[28]
v 
v 
v 
Australia, 2004[41]
v 
Bangladesh, 2004[42]
