1.
Roses Tournament
–
The Roses Tournament is an annual sports competition between Lancaster University and the University of York in England, and is the largest inter-university sports tournament in Europe. It is organised by their respective Students Unions, YUSU and LUSU and it takes its name from the 15th Century civil war, The Wars of the Roses, between the House of Lancaster and the House of York. The competition is held every summer, alternating its venue between the two universities, the first event happened on 15 May 1965 after the Vice-Chancellor of York, Lord James of Rusholme, suggested a boat race between the two universities. The students amplified this idea and held a 3-day event with a variety of sports, rowing, table tennis, relay race, mixed field hockey, the winner of each of the sports received two points, and the losing vice-chancellor presented a trophy to the winning university. The event has continued to increase in size since its founding, the importance of non-sporting social activities at the event has also been increased, with organised events on the Friday and Saturday evenings. In the 2011 tournament a stadium was used for the first time, the Rugby 1sts XV battled it out at Huntington Stadium, the home of the York City Knights. During the 2013 tournament York opted to use the venue again. For the 50th battle of the Roses in 2014, the tournament was hosted at Lancaster, Lancaster created a purpose built stadium for first time which hosted both the opening and closing ceremony, as well as fixtures including womens rugby, mens rugby and archery. Wins were taken by Lancaster in sports that have previously won by York annually, such as Rugby XV 3rds and 2nds, Mens Lacrosse. The womens basketball fixture on the Sunday, won by Lancaster, octopush, a form of underwater hockey, was featured for the first time in the 2014 tournament. Bar sports were dominated by Lancaster, taking a whitewash in both pool and darts, the 2015 tournament was officially opened by England football team manager Roy Hodgson and Football Association chairman Greg Dyke. It was also the first year one university had scored more than 200 points. The LUSU Full Time Officers ran campaigns during Roses 2016 including the Respect the Rose campaign to ensure the event would be a safe, following numerous sexist and racist incidents that occurred during Roses 2015 the year before, the campaign aimed to tackle discrimination in sport
2.
Rose Bowl Game
–
The Rose Bowl Game is an annual American college football bowl game, usually played on January 1 at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California. When New Years Day falls on a Sunday, the game is played on Monday, the Rose Bowl is nicknamed The Granddaddy of Them All because it is the oldest bowl game. It was first played in 1902, and has played annually since 1916. Since 1945, it has been the highest attended college football bowl game and it is a part of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Associations Americas New Year Celebration, which also includes the historic Rose Parade. Beginning with the 2015 game, the name for sponsorship reasons is the Rose Bowl Game presented by Northwestern Mutual. Vizio was the sponsor from 2012, prior sponsors included AT&T, Sony. In 2015, the game was officially known as the College Football Playoff semifinal at the Rose Bowl Game presented by Northwestern Mutual. In 2002 and 2006, under the Bowl Championship Series system, the Rose Bowl was designated as its championship game, beginning in 2015, the Rose Bowl has been part of the College Football Playoff system and hosts one of its semi-final games every three years. During non-Playoff years, the Rose Bowl reverts to a Pac-12/Big Ten matchup, originally titled the Tournament East–West football game, the first Rose Bowl was played on January 1,1902, starting the tradition of New Years Day bowl games. The football game was added in 1902 to help fund the cost of the Rose Parade, the inaugural game featured Fielding H. Michigan finished the season 11–0 and was crowned the national champion, yost had been Stanfords coach the previous year. The game was so lopsided that for the next 13 years, the Tournament of Roses officials ran chariot races, ostrich races, and other various events instead of football. But, on New Years Day 1916 football returned to stay as The State College of Washington defeated Brown University in the first annual Rose Bowl with that explicit name. Tournament Park was determined to be unsuitable for the larger and larger crowds gathering to watch the game, the Rose Bowl stadium, designed after the Yale Bowl in New Haven, then hosted the first Rose Bowl game in 1923. The name of the stadium was alternatively Tournament of Roses Stadium or Tournament of Roses Bowl, the stadium seating has been reconfigured several times since its original construction in 1922. For many years, the Rose Bowl stadium had the largest football stadium capacity in the United States, the maximum stated seating capacity was 104,594 from 1972 to 1997. Capacity was lowered following the 1998 Rose Bowl, the 2006 Rose Bowl game, which was also the BCS championship game, had a crowd of 93,986, and a crowd of 94,118 saw the 2011 Rose Bowl game between TCU and Wisconsin. The Rose Bowl is also the only BCS bowl game that is held in a non-NFL stadium. S, during the last two years of World War I, teams from military bases met in the Rose Bowl
3.
Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association
–
Americas New Year Celebration is a festival of flowers, music and equestrians and sports unequaled anywhere in the world, according to the Tournament of Roses. The association has 935 volunteer members and the members spend some 80,000 combined work-hours to stage the events, the year 2015–16 marked the 127th Rose Parade and 102nd Rose Bowl Game on January 1,2016. The 2017 events will be held on January 2,2017, members of the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association are people from the community. When they join, they are between the ages of 21 and 64, live or work within 15 miles of Pasadena City Hall and they must have a reputation for integrity, reliability, dependability, commitment and dedication. Members are required to devote the time and effort to perform the task at the time required. They are interested in community service, as evidenced by involvement in professional, civic, service, political and community organizations, according to the association. During the Parade, many tournament members are required to wear white suits, with a red tie, a name tag, a membership pin. Because of this, the volunteers are commonly referred to as white suiters, in December each year, a fleet of white vehicles, provided by American Honda, with special T of R license plates, is seen throughout the San Gabriel Valley. Tournament House is the given the building where the organization is headquartered. The Tournament House and the Wrigley Gardens are located on South Orange Grove Boulevard, Pasadena, the structure, a stately Italian Renaissance-style mansion, was once owned by William Wrigley, Jr. the chewing gum magnate. After Mrs. Wrigleys death in 1958, the property was presented to the City of Pasadena with the condition that the house become the permanent base of operations for the Tournament of Roses. Today, the five bedrooms of the floor are used for committee meetings, as well as serving as a dressing area for the Royal Court. There are displays of trophies, past Rose Bowl Games, Grand Marshals, Presidents, of interest is an original panel of Peanuts comic strip for January 1,1974, when its creator Charles M. Schulz served as the Grand Marshal. On the panel, Lucy was watching the parade on TV and was telling Linus van Pelt that They have some of the most beautiful floats this year Ive ever seen. When Linus asked about the marshal, Lucy said, Yeah, you missed him. The house was built for real estate and dry goods tycoon George Stimson, after construction was completed of this house on Millionaires Row in 1914, Mr. Stimson sold it to the Wrigleys for $170,000. A year later, the adjacent gardens were bought for $25,000, the Association maintains the grounds of the Tournament House, and volunteers from the Pacific Rose Society care for the rose gardens. There are hundreds of varieties of roses, camellias, and annuals planted at the All-America Rose Selections test gardens, the gardens are open to the public throughout the year, except for December 31 through January 2
4.
Portland Rose Festival
–
The Portland Rose Festival is an annual civic festival held during the month of June in Portland, Oregon. It is organized by the volunteer non-profit Portland Rose Festival Association with the purpose of promoting the Portland region and it includes three separate parades, along with a number of other activities. The idea for the Rose Festival was presented to the public in a speech by Mayor Harry Lane at the end of the Lewis, the first festival occurred in 1907. The Grand Floral Parade is the centerpiece of the festival and the second largest all-floral parade in the United States after the Tournament of Roses Parade, more than 500,000 spectators line the route, making this flower parade the largest single-day spectator event in Oregon. The first parade, in 1907, was called the Rose Carnival, the 1907 festival also included an electric parade with illuminated floats, this evolved into the Merrykhana Parade but after a two-season suspension was renamed the Starlight Parade in 1976. Since 1930 a queen has been selected from a court of high school seniors from each school in the area, the members of the court are called princesses. For a brief period starting in 1997 they were officially called ambassadors, a college scholarship is awarded to a 14-member royalty. Starting in 2009, the Rose Festival Foundation opened one place on the court to someone from a school outside the Portland city limits, there are drivers for the Princesses, who are chosen from each high school. The first African American driver was Sam Whitney from Benson High School in 1954, a Junior Rose Festival, focused on children, began unofficially in 1921, on the citys east side, and included its own parade and junior court. It became a part of the Rose Festival in 1936. The festivals annual Junior Parade takes place in the citys Hollywood district, the Junior Parade has grown to an event involving nearly 10,000 children, making it the worlds largest parade for children. During Fleet Week, ships from United States Navy, Coast Guard, Army Corps of Engineers, the festival also hosts the Starlight Parade, a fireworks display, and carnival rides along the Portland waterfront, among other events. Dragon boat races on the Willamette River have been included every year since 1989, the Golden Rose Ski Classic is an annual ski race originating in 1936. It is the oldest known organized ski race in America, and is the only USSA-sanctioned summer race, an air show was added to the Rose Festival in 1988 and remained part of the festival through 2002. In 2003, the show was reorganized as the Oregon International Air Show, with different sponsors,2007,2011, the International Festivals and Events Association named the Portland Rose Festival the best in the world Royal Rosarians Official site
5.
Portland, Oregon
–
Portland is a port and the largest city in the U. S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette, the city covers 145 square miles and had an estimated population of 632,309 in 2015, making it the 26th most populous city in the United States. Approximately 2,389,228 people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area and its Combined Statistical Area ranks 17th with a population of 3,022,178. Roughly 60% of Oregons population resides within the Portland metropolitan area, named after Portland, Maine, the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the industry was a major force in the citys early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. After the citys economy experienced a boom during World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, Portland became noted for its liberal political values, and the city has earned a reputation as a bastion of counterculture. According to a 2009 Pew Research Center study, Portland ranks as the eighth most popular American city, the city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. The city government is notable for its planning and investment in public transportation. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool and this climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the City of Roses for over a century. Keep Portland Weird is a slogan for the city. During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula and these massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with 300 to 400 feet of water. The Chinook people occupying the land which would become Portland were first documented by Meriwether Lewis, before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast. Large numbers of settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1830s via the Oregon Trail. In the early 1840s a new settlement began emerging ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River and this community was initially referred to as Stumptown and The Clearing because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth. In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file a land claim. For 25 cents Overton agreed to half of the 640-acre site with Asa Lovejoy of Boston
6.
Pasadena, California
–
Pasadena /ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/ is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. As of 2013, the population of Pasadena was 139,731. Pasadena is the ninth-largest city in Los Angeles County, Pasadena was incorporated on June 19,1886, becoming one of the first cities be incorporated in what is now Los Angeles County, the only one being incorporated earlier being its namesake. It is one of the cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley. The city is known for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game, the original inhabitants of Pasadena and surrounding areas were members of the Native American Hahamog-na tribe, a branch of the Tongva Nation. They spoke the Tongva language and had lived in the Los Angeles Basin for thousands of years, Tongva dwellings lined the Arroyo Seco in present day Pasadena and south to where it joins the Los Angeles River and along other natural waterways in the city. The native people lived in thatched, dome-shape lodges and they lived on a diet of acorn meal, seeds and herbs, venison, and other small animals. They traded for fish with the coastal Tongva. They made cooking vessels from steatite soapstone from Catalina Island, the trail has been in continuous use for thousands of years. An arm of the trail is still in use in what is now known as Salvia Canyon. When the Spanish occupied the Los Angeles Basin they built the San Gabriel Mission and renamed the local Tongva people Gabrielino Indians, today, several bands of Tongva people live in the Los Angeles area. The Rancho comprised the lands of todays communities of Pasadena, Altadena, before the annexation of California in 1848, the last of the Mexican owners was Manuel Garfias who retained title to the property after statehood in 1850. Garfias sold sections of the property to the first Anglo settlers to come into the area, Dr. Benjamin Eaton, the father of Fred Eaton, much of the property was purchased by Benjamin Wilson, who established his Lake Vineyard property in the vicinity. Wilson, known as Don Benito to the local Indians, also owned the Rancho Jurupa and was mayor of Los Angeles and he was the grandfather of WWII General George S. Patton, Jr. and the namesake of Mount Wilson. Berry was an asthmatic and claimed that he had his best three nights sleep at Rancho San Pascual, to keep the find a secret, Berry code-named the area Muscat after the grape that Wilson grew. To raise funds to bring the company of people to San Pascual, Berry formed the Southern California Orange and Citrus Growers Association and sold stock in it. The newcomers were able to purchase a portion of the property along the Arroyo Seco and on January 31,1874. As a gesture of good will, Wilson added 2,000 acres of then-useless highland property, at the time, the Indiana Colony was a narrow strip of land between the Arroyo Seco and Fair Oaks Avenue
7.
New Year's Day
–
New Years Day, also called simply New Years or New Year, is observed on January 1, the first day of the year on the modern Gregorian calendar as well as the Julian calendar. In pre-Christian Rome under the Julian calendar, the day was dedicated to Janus, god of gateways and beginnings, other global New Years Day traditions include making New Years resolutions and calling ones friends and family. Mesopotamia instituted the concept of celebrating the new year in 2000 BC, celebrated new year around the time of the vernal equinox, the early Roman calendar designated March 1 as the new year. The calendar had just ten months, beginning with March and that the new year once began with the month of March is still reflected in some of the names of the months. September through December, our ninth through twelfth months, were positioned as the seventh through tenth months. Roman legend usually credited their second king Numa with the establishment of the months of January and February and these were first placed at the end of the year, but at some point came to be considered the first two months instead. The January Kalends came to be celebrated as the new year at some point after it became the day for the new consuls in 153 BC. Romans had long dated their years by these consulships, rather than sequentially, still, private and religious celebrations around the March new year continued for some time and there is no consensus on the question of the timing for January 1s new status. Once it became the new year, however, it became a time for family gatherings, in AD567, the Council of Tours formally abolished January 1 as the beginning of the year. These days were also astronomically and astrologically significant since, at the time of the Julian reform, March 25 had been understood as the spring equinox and December 25 as the winter solstice. Medieval calendars nonetheless often continued to display the months running from January to December, among the 7th century pagans of Flanders and the Netherlands, it was the custom to exchange gifts on the first day of the new year. This custom was deplored by Saint Eligius, who warned the Flemish and Dutch, make vetulas, little deer or iotticos or set tables at night or exchange New Year gifts or supply superfluous drinks. Because of the leap year error in the Julian calendar, the date of Easter had drifted backward since the First Council of Nicaea decided the computation of the date of Easter in 325, by the sixteenth century, the drift from the observed equinox had become unacceptable. In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII declared the Gregorian calendar widely used today, the Gregorian calendar reform also restored January 1 as New Years Day. Although most Catholic countries adopted the Gregorian calendar almost immediately, it was gradually adopted among Protestant countries. The British, for example, did not adopt the reformed calendar until 1752, until then, the British Empire – and its American colonies – still celebrated the new year on 25 March. Most nations of Western Europe officially adopted 1 January as New Years Day somewhat before they adopted the Gregorian Calendar, in Tudor England, New Years Day, along with Christmas Day and Twelfth Night, was celebrated as one of three main festivities among the twelve days of Christmastide. There, until the adoption of the Gregorian Calendar in 1752, Pope Gregory acknowledged 1 January as the beginning of the new year according to his reform of the Catholic Liturgical Calendar
8.
Television network
–
Until the mid-1980s, television programming in most countries of the world was dominated by a small number of broadcast networks. Many early television networks evolved from earlier radio networks, such networks are commonly referred to by terms such as specialty channels in Canada or cable networks in the U. S. A network may or may not produce all of its own programming, if not, production companies can distribute their content to the various networks, and it is common that a certain production firm may have programs that air on two or more rival networks. Similarly, some networks may import television programs from other countries, some stations have the capability to interrupt the network through the local insertion of television commercials, station identifications and emergency alerts. Others completely break away from the network for their own programming and this is common where small networks are members of larger networks. The majority of television stations are self-owned, even though a variety of these instances are the property of an owned-and-operated television network. The commercial television stations can also be linked with an educational broadcasting agency. It is also important to note that some countries have launched national television networks, on the other hand, television networks also undergo the impending experience of major changes related to cultural varieties. The emergence of television has made available in major media markets. Such a diverse captive audience presents an occasion for the networks and this is explained by author Tim P. Vos notes that policymakers did not expressly intend to create a broadcast order dominated by commercial networks. In fact, legislative attempts were made to limit the networks preferred position, as to individual stations, modern network operations centers usually use broadcast automation to handle most tasks. A major international network is the British Broadcasting Corporation, which is perhaps most well known for its news agency BBC News. Owned by the Crown, the BBC operates primarily in the United Kingdom and it is funded by the television licence paid by British residents that watch terrestrial television and as a result, no commercial advertising appears on its networks. Outside of the UK, advertising is broadcast because the licence fee applies to the BBCs British operations. 23,000 people worldwide are employed by the BBC and its subsidiary, other networks are dedicated to specialized programming, such as religious content or programs presented in languages other than English, particularly Spanish. The largest television network in the United States, however, is the Public Broadcasting Service, some public television outlets, such as PBS, carry separate digital subchannel networks through their member stations. This works as each network sends its signal to many local affiliated stations across the country. These local stations then carry the feed, which can be viewed by millions of households across the country
9.
College football
–
It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities
10.
Honda
–
Honda Motor Co. Ltd. is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate corporation primarily known as a manufacturer of automobiles, aircraft, motorcycles, and power equipment. Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001, Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind General Motors, Volkswagen Group, Toyota, Hyundai Motor Group, Ford, Nissan, and PSA Peugeot Citroën in 2011. Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a luxury brand, Acura. Aside from their automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators. Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and they have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012. Honda has three joint-ventures in China, in 2013, Honda invested about 5. 7% of its revenues in research and development. Also in 2013, Honda became the first Japanese automaker to be a net exporter from the United States, exporting 108,705 Honda and Acura models, throughout his life, Hondas founder, Soichiro Honda had an interest in automobiles. He worked as a mechanic at the Art Shokai garage, where he tuned cars, in 1937, with financing from his acquaintance Kato Shichirō, Honda founded Tōkai Seiki to make piston rings working out of the Art Shokai garage. After initial failures, Tōkai Seiki won a contract to supply piston rings to Toyota, Honda also aided the war effort by assisting other companies in automating the production of military aircraft propellers. The relationships Honda cultivated with personnel at Toyota, Nakajima Aircraft Company, with a staff of 12 men working in a 16 m2 shack, they built and sold improvised motorized bicycles, using a supply of 500 two-stroke 50 cc Tohatsu war surplus radio generator engines. When the engines ran out, Honda began building their own copy of the Tohatsu engine and this was the Honda A-Type, nicknamed the Bata Bata for the sound the engine made. In 1949, the Honda Technical Research Institute was liquidated for ¥1,000,000, or about US$5,000 today, at about the same time Honda hired engineer Kihachiro Kawashima, and Takeo Fujisawa who provided indispensable business and marketing expertise to complement Soichiro Hondas technical bent. The close partnership between Soichiro Honda and Fujisawa lasted until they stepped down together in October 1973, the first complete motorcycle, with both the frame and engine made by Honda, was the 1949 D-Type, the first Honda to go by the name Dream. Honda Motor Company grew in a time to become the worlds largest manufacturer of motorcycles by 1964. The first production automobile from Honda was the T360 mini pick-up truck, powered by a small 356-cc straight-4 gasoline engine, it was classified under the cheaper Kei car tax bracket. The first production car from Honda was the S500 sports car and its chain-driven rear wheels pointed to Hondas motorcycle origins. Over the next few decades, Honda worked to expand its line and expanded operations. In 1986, Honda introduced the successful Acura brand to the American market in an attempt to ground in the luxury vehicle market
11.
Gary Sinise
–
Gary Alan Sinise is an American actor, director, and musician. Among other awards, he has won an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, Sinise is known for several memorable roles. In 2016, Sinise began starring in Criminal Minds, Beyond Borders, Sinise was born in Blue Island, Illinois, son of Robert L. Sinise, a film editor, and his wife Mylles Sinise. His paternal grandfather was of Italian descent, Sinises great-grandfather Vito Sinisi having immigrated from Ripacandida, Sinise briefly attended Glenbard West High School in Glen Ellyn, Illinois, and later graduated from Highland Park High School in Highland Park, Illinois, followed by Illinois State University. In 1974, Sinise and two friends, Terry Kinney and Jeff Perry, founded the Steppenwolf Theatre Company, Sinise honed his acting and directing skills at Steppenwolf, and received a Joseph Jefferson Award for his direction of Lyle Kesslers play Orphans. That took him from Chicago to New York City, and then to Londons West End, in 1982, Sinises career began to take off when he directed and starred in Steppenwolfs production of True West. In 1983, he earned an Obie Award for his direction, in 1988, Sinise directed Miles from Home, a film starring Richard Gere, about two brothers fight against the foreclosure of the family farm. Sinise collaborated with fellow actor Tom Hanks three times, including Forrest Gump, Apollo 13, and The Green Mile. Other noteworthy films in which Sinise has appeared include Of Mice and Men, Reindeer Games, Snake Eyes, Ransom, Mission to Mars, The Stand and he narrated the audiobooks for John Steinbecks Travels with Charley. In 2004, he began his first regular series, in the crime drama CSI, New York. He was credited as a producer from season two onwards and wrote the storyline of an episode, Dan Band, which Sinise and Kimo Williams co-founded in 2003. The band is named for Sinises character in Forrest Gump, apart from his television and movie work, Sinise is the host in the video for the Epcot ride Mission, SPACE, at Walt Disney World, Orlando, Florida, and a model for Baume & Mercier watches. Sinise said, Iraq is in the every day. But there are some positive stories, and how our soldiers are rebuilding schools and helping kids is one of them. Sinise was the narrator for the Discovery Channels miniseries When We Left Earth in 2008 and he was awarded the Presidential Citizen Medal by George W. Bush for work he did supporting the U. S. military and humanitarian work supporting Iraqi children. He narrated Army and Army Reserve Army Strong recruitment ads in late 2008 and he is also the national spokesperson for the American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial. Sinise is the executive producer—along with David Scantling—of the Iraq War documentary Brothers at War, the film features an American military family and the experiences of three brothers, Jake Rademacher, Isaac Rademacher, and Joseph Rademacher. In November 2009, Sinise narrated the highly acclaimed World War II in HD on the History Channel, in 2010, he narrated the World War II documentary Missions That Changed The War on the Military Channel
12.
Valley Hunt Club
–
The Valley Hunt Club is a private social club located in Pasadena, California, that is most noted for starting the Tournament of Roses Parade in 1890. Its members were residents of the East and Midwest eager to showcase their new homes mild winter weather. In New York, people are buried in snow, announced Professor Charles F, here our flowers are blooming and our oranges are about to bear. Lets hold a festival to tell the world about our paradise, during the next few years, the festival expanded to include marching bands and motorized floats. The games on the town lot included ostrich races, bronco busting demonstrations, football, reviewing stands were built along the parade route, and Eastern newspapers began to take notice of the event. In 1895, the Tournament of Roses Association was formed to take charge of the festival, which had grown too large for the Valley Hunt Club to handle. After an interregnum of many decades the club entered the parade in 1983. The Valley Hunt Club continues to be located at 520 South Orange Grove Boulevard, Pasadena, CA91105, the Valley Hunt Club remains an exclusive private social club. Pasadena Tournament of Roses Tournament of Roses Parade Club web-site
13.
Eastern United States
–
It is geographically diverse, spanning the Northeast and Southeast as well as the eastern part of the Central United States. In 2011 the 26 states east of the Mississippi had an population of 179,948,346 or 58. 28% of the total U. S. population of 308,745,358. The Southern United States constitutes a region in the south-eastern. In the last few decades, the Southern US has been attracting internal and international migrants, the American South is among the fastest-growing areas in the United States. In one of the earliest English settlements in the New World, English Pilgrims from Europe first settled in New England in 1620, New England produced the first examples of American literature and philosophy and was home to the beginnings of free public education. In the 19th century, it played a prominent role in the movement to abolish slavery in the United States and it was the first region of the United States to be transformed by the Industrial Revolution. The Midwestern United States is one of the four regions within the United States that are recognized by the United States Census Bureau. The region consists of seven states in the central and inland northeastern US, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, a 2006 Census Bureau estimate put the population at 66,217,736. Both the geographic center of the contiguous U. S. the United States Census Bureau divides this region into the East North Central States and the West North Central States. Chicago is the largest city in the region, followed by Indianapolis, chicago has the largest metropolitan statistical area, followed by Detroit, and Minneapolis – Saint Paul. Marie, Michigan is the oldest city in the region, having been founded by French missionaries, the term Midwest has been in common use for over 100 years. Another term sometimes applied to the general region is the heartland. Other designations for the region have fallen into disuse, such as the Northwest or Old Northwest, since the book Middletown appeared in 1929, sociologists have often used Midwestern cities as typical of the entire nation. The region has a higher ratio than the Northeast, the West. Four of the associated with the Midwestern United States are traditionally referred to as belonging to the Great Plains region. However, in recent years they are included in the Midwestern region. The following is a list of the 24 largest cities in the East by population, East Coast of the United States Eastern Canada Territories of the United States on stamps
14.
Midwestern United States
–
It was officially named the North Central region by the Census Bureau until 1984. Illinois is the most populous of the states and North Dakota the least, a 2012 report from the United States Census put the population of the Midwest at 65,377,684. The Midwest is divided by the Census Bureau into two divisions, the East North Central Division includes Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin, all of which are also part of the Great Lakes region. Major rivers in the include, from east to west, the Ohio River, the Upper Mississippi River. Chicago is the most populated city in the American Midwest and the third most populous in the entire country, other large Midwest cities include, Indianapolis, Columbus, Detroit, Milwaukee, Kansas City, Omaha, Minneapolis, Cleveland, Wichita and St. Louis. Chicago and its suburbs form the largest metropolitan area with 9.8 million people, followed by Metro Detroit. Paul, Greater St. Louis, Greater Cleveland, Greater Cincinnati, Kansas City metro area, the term Midwestern has been in use since the 1880s to refer to portions of the central United States. A variant term, Middle West, has used since the 19th century. Another term sometimes applied to the general region is the heartland. Other designations for the region have fallen out of use, such as the Northwest or Old Northwest, the Northwest Territory was one of the earliest territories of the United States, stretching northwest from the Ohio River to northern Minnesota and upper-Mississippi. The upper-Mississippi watershed including the Missouri and Illinois Rivers was the setting for the earlier French settlements of the Illinois Country, economically the region is balanced between heavy industry and agriculture, with finance and services such as medicine and education becoming increasingly important. Its central location makes it a crossroads for river boats, railroads, autos, trucks. Politically the region swings back and forth between the parties, and thus is heavily contested and often decisive in elections, after the sociological study Middletown, which was based on Muncie, Indiana, commentators used Midwestern cities as typical of the nation. The region has a higher ratio than the Northeast, the West. Traditional definitions of the Midwest include the Northwest Ordinance Old Northwest states, the states of the Old Northwest are also known as Great Lakes states and are east-north central in the United States. The Ohio River runs along the section while the Mississippi River runs north to south near the center. Many of the Louisiana Purchase states in the west-north central United States, are known as Great Plains states. The Midwest lies north of the 36°30′ parallel that the 1820 Missouri Compromise established as the line between future slave and non-slave states
15.
Charles Frederick Holder
–
Charles Frederick Holder was the inventor of big-game fishing and a founder of Pasadenas Tournament of Roses and the Tuna Club of Avalon on Santa Catalina Island, California. Holder came from a wealthy Massachusetts Quaker family and his father was the zoologist Joseph Bassett Holder and his mother Emily Augusta Gove. He attended the Friends school in Providence, Rhode Island, and Allens preparatory school at West Newton, Massachusetts, in 1869, he attended the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis but he did not continue in the Navy after graduation. After working as a curator at New Yorks American Museum of Natural History, he moved to Pasadena, a passionate naturalist throughout his life, he was known for his books on marine zoology and the first books on big-game fishing, a sport Holder pioneered in 1898. His books are noted for their combination of accurate scientific detail with exciting narratives, from 1890 to 1891, Holder was a President of the Tournament of Roses Association, and for 1910 he was named the tournament grand marshal. He became known in Pasadena, California, as a businessman, philanthropist, in 1898, he founded the Tuna Club of Avalon in Avalon, California on Santa Catalina Island, California, as an international organization that called for proper management of all game fish. In 1910, he traveled with Frederick Russell Burnham to Mexico and uncovered Mayan artifacts, including the Esperanza Stone, a supposedly paranormal relic described in The Book of the Damned. Holder died in Pasadena as a result of an accident and is buried in Mountain View Cemetery in Altadena, California, next to his wife. In 1998, he was inducted in the International Game Fish Association Hall of Fame, throughout, Holder argues for the sportsmans role in conservation. Sport fishing in California and Florida, bulletin of the Bureau of fisheries, volume XXVIII. Proceedings of the Fourth International fishery congress, Washington
16.
Rose Parade
–
The Rose Parade, also known as the Tournament of Roses Parade and the Rose Parade presented by Honda, is part of Americas New Year Celebration held in Pasadena, California each year on New Years Day. The parade includes flower-covered floats, marching bands, and equestrian units and is followed by the Rose Bowl college football game and it is produced by the nonprofit Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association. It is seen by millions more on television worldwide in more than 100 international territories and countries, the Rose Bowl is a college football game that was added in 1902 to help fund the cost of staging the parade. Since 2011, the parade has been sponsored by Honda, accordingly, the company has the parades first float, which like all floats, follows the parades theme. The 2017 parade featured 44 floats,19 equestrian units with approximately 400 horses, the Grand Marshals of the parade were Greg Louganis, Janet Evans and Allyson Felix. Members of Pasadenas Valley Hunt Club first staged the parade in 1890, since then the parade has been held in Pasadena every New Years Day, except when January 1 falls on a Sunday. In that case, it is held on the subsequent Monday and this exception was instituted in 1893, as organizers did not wish to disturb horses hitched outside Sunday church services. Many of the members of the Valley Hunt Club were former residents of the American East and Midwest and they wished to showcase their new California homes mild winter weather. At a club meeting, Professor Charles F, holder announced, In New York, people are buried in the snow. Here our flowers are blooming and our oranges are about to bear, lets hold a festival to tell the world about our paradise. So the club organized horse-drawn carriages covered in flowers, followed by foot races, polo matches, upon seeing the scores of flowers on display, the professor decided to suggest the name Tournament of Roses. Over the next few founding years, marching bands and motorized floats were added, by 1895, the event was too large for the Valley Hunt Club to handle, hence the Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association was formed. Activities soon included ostrich races, bronco busting demonstrations, and an odd novelty race between a camel and an elephant, soon reviewing stands were built along the parade route and newspapers in Eastern Seaboard cities started to take notice of the event. Tournament House is the given the former home where the organization is headquartered. The first associated football game was played on January 1,1902, originally titled the Tournament East-West football game, it is considered to be the first Rose Bowl. The next game was not played until New Years Day 1916, the game derives its modern name from Rose Bowl Stadium, which was built for the 1923 game. In 2002 and 2006, the Granddaddy of em all was not held the day as the parade. Not all fans were pleased with the change, some thought the atmosphere, once the BCS title game was separated from the host bowl, it no longer affected the date of the Rose Bowl Game
17.
Tournament Park
–
Tournament Park is a park and athletics venue in Pasadena, California, currently maintained by the California Institute of Technology. It was simply known as the lot before renamed Tournament Park in 1900. It is best known for being the site of the first Rose Bowl Game in 1902, and its capacity at the time was 43,000 people, many of which were in temporary wooden bleachers that the city deemed unsafe, thus necessitating the construction of the Rose Bowl. Besides hosting Tournament of Roses events, the venue hosted the Southern California Horse Show Associations annual horse show in the early 20th century. Tournament Park, along with the Rose Bowl, served as the venue for Caltechs football team until the school dropped football, the stadium, now known as South Athletic Field, is bounded by the Fox-Stanton Track, and continues to serve as Caltechs track and field venue. The surrounding park, which continues under the Tournament Park moniker, contains a playground,1902 Rose Bowl 1916 Rose Bowl Tournament of Roses Parade
18.
California Institute of Technology
–
The California Institute of Technology is a private doctorate-granting university located in Pasadena, California, United States. The vocational and preparatory schools were disbanded and spun off in 1910, the university is one among a small group of Institutes of Technology in the United States which is primarily devoted to the instruction of technical arts and applied sciences. Caltech has six divisions with strong emphasis on science and engineering, managing $332 million in 2011 in sponsored research. Its 124-acre primary campus is located approximately 11 mi northeast of downtown Los Angeles, first-year students are required to live on campus, and 95% of undergraduates remain in the on-campus House System at Caltech. Although Caltech has a tradition of practical jokes and pranks. The Caltech Beavers compete in 13 intercollegiate sports in the NCAA Division IIIs Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Conference, Caltech is frequently cited as one of the worlds best universities. There are 112 faculty members who have elected to the United States National Academies. In addition, numerous faculty members are associated with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute as well as NASA, according to a 2015 Pomona College study, Caltech ranked number one in the U. S. for the percentage of its graduates who go on to earn a PhD. Caltech started as a school founded in Pasadena in 1891 by local businessman and politician Amos G. Throop. The school was known successively as Throop University, Throop Polytechnic Institute, the vocational school was disbanded and the preparatory program was split off to form an independent Polytechnic School in 1907. At a time when research in the United States was still in its infancy, George Ellery Hale. He joined Throops board of trustees in 1907, and soon began developing it and he engineered the appointment of James A. B. Scherer, a literary scholar untutored in science but a capable administrator and fund raiser, scherer persuaded retired businessman and trustee Charles W. Gates to donate $25,000 in seed money to build Gates Laboratory, the first science building on campus. In 1910, Throop moved to its current site, arther Fleming donated the land for the permanent campus site. The promise of Throop attracted physical chemist Arthur Amos Noyes from MIT to develop the institution and assist in establishing it as a center for science, with the onset of World War I, Hale organized the National Research Council to coordinate and support scientific work on military problems. This institution, with its able investigators and excellent research laboratories, through the National Research Council, Hale simultaneously lobbied for science to play a larger role in national affairs, and for Throop to play a national role in science. During the course of the war, Hale, Noyes and Millikan worked together in Washington on the NRC, subsequently, they continued their partnership in developing Caltech. Under the leadership of Hale, Noyes and Millikan, Caltech grew to prominence in the 1920s
19.
Bronco
–
A bronco or bronc, in the United States, northern Mexico and Canada, is an untrained horse or one that habitually bucks. The term also refers to bucking horses used in rough stock events, such as bareback bronc riding. The silhouette of a cowboy on a bucking bronco is the symbol for the State of Wyoming. In modern usage, the word bronco is seldom used for a wild or feral horse, because the modern rodeo bucking horse is a domestic animal. Some are specifically bred for bucking ability and raised for the rodeo, informally, the term is often applied in a joking manner to describe any horse that acts up and bucks with or without a rider. Sometimes Mustangs were rounded up as well, as the two populations often mixed, the term comes from the Spanish language word bronco, meaning rough, which in Mexican usage also describes a horse. It was then borrowed and adapted in US cowboy lingo and it has also been spelled broncho, though this form is virtually unknown in the western United States, where the word is most common. In modern English, the o is commonly dropped, particularly in the American west, and the animal simply called a bronc
20.
William Wrigley Jr.
–
William L. Wrigley Jr. was an American chewing gum industrialist. He was founder and eponym of the Wm. Wrigley Jr and he was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1891, at the age of 29, Wrigley moved from Philadelphia to Chicago and he had $32 to his name and with it he formed a business to sell Wrigleys Scouring Soap. He offered customers small premiums, particularly baking powder, as an incentive to buy his soap. Finding the baking powder was more popular than his soap, Wrigley switched to selling baking powder, again, Wrigley found that the premium he offered was more popular than his base product, and his company began to concentrate on the manufacture and sale of chewing gum. In this business, Wrigley made his name and fortune, Wrigley played an instrumental role in the development of Santa Catalina Island, California, off the shore of Los Angeles, California. He bought a controlling interest in the Santa Catalina Island Company in 1919, Wrigley improved the island with public utilities, new steamships, a hotel, the Casino building, and extensive plantings of trees, shrubs, and flowers. He also sought to create an enterprise that would help local residents. By making use of clay and minerals found on the island at a beach near Avalon, in 1927 William Wrigley Jr. created the Pebbly Beach quarry, along with creating jobs for Avalon residents, the plant also supplied material for Wrigleys numerous building projects on the island. After the building of Avalons Casino in 1929, the Catalina Clay Products Tile and Pottery Plant began producing glazed tiles, dinnerware, another of Wrigleys legacies was his plan for the future of Catalina Island—that it be protected for future generations to enjoy. In 1972, his son, Philip K. Wrigley, established the Catalina Island Conservancy for this purpose, Wrigley is honored by the Wrigley Memorial in the Wrigley Botanical Gardens on the island. In 1916, Wrigley bought a minority stake in the Chicago Cubs baseball team as part of a group headed by Charles Weeghman, over the next four years, as Weeghmans lunch-counter business declined, he was forced to sell much of his stock in the ball club to Wrigley. By 1918, Weeghman had sold all of his stock to Wrigley, making Wrigley the largest shareholder and principal owner, Wrigley Field, the Cubs ballpark in Chicago, is named for him. The now-demolished former home of the Los Angeles Angels of the Pacific Coast League, Wrigley purchased the Chicago Cubs from Albert Lasker in 1925. The Arizona Biltmore Hotel in Phoenix, Arizona, was financed and wholly owned by Wrigley. At 16,000 square feet, it was the smallest of his five residences, in 1947, Wrigleys remains were moved to allow the gardens to be made public. There is a rumor that the remains were moved during World War II due to security concerns. His original grave marker still adorns the tower site
21.
Wrigley Company
–
It is wholly owned by Mars, Incorporated. It is currently the largest manufacturer and marketer of chewing gum in the world, in 1892, Wrigley Jr. began packaging chewing gum with each can of baking powder. The chewing gum eventually became more popular than the baking powder, in 2005, Wrigley purchased Life Savers and Altoids from Kraft Foods for US$1.5 billion. On January 23,2007, Wrigley signed an agreement to acquire an 80% initial interest in A. Korkunov for $300 million with the remaining 20% to be acquired over time. On April 28,2008, Mars announced that it would acquire Wrigley for approximately $23 billion, financing for the transaction was provided by Berkshire Hathaway, Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan, Berkshire Hathaway held a minority equity investment in Wrigley until October 2016. The company headquarted in the GIC in 2012 since, in 1891, 29-year-old William Wrigley Jr. came to Chicago from Philadelphia with $32 and the idea to start a business selling Wrigleys Scouring Soap. Wrigley offered premiums as an incentive to buy his soap, such as baking powder, later in his career, he switched to the baking powder business, in which he began offering two packages of chewing gum for each purchase of a can of baking powder. The popular premium, chewing gum, began to more promising. Wrigley also became the majority owner of the Chicago Cubs in 1921, after the death of William Wrigley Jr. his son Philip K. Wrigley assumed his fathers position as CEO of the Wrigley Company. Wrigley launched the Remember this Wrapper ad campaign to keep the Wrigley brands on the minds of the customers during times of wartime rationing, in 1961, Philip K. Wrigley handed control to his son, William Wrigley III. Wrigley led a global expansion through the establishment of Wrigley facilities in nine new countries. On June 26,1974, a Marsh Supermarket in Troy, the first product to be scanned using a Universal Product Code bar code was a 10-pack of Wrigleys Juicy Fruit gum. William Bill Wrigley IV, following the death of Wrigley III, led the sugar-free gum campaign across Europe, Australia, Spain, India, and China. In 2005, Kraft Foods sold the Life Savers and Altoids businesses to Wrigley in exchange for $1.5 billion as part of a reorganization plan, Wrigley led the establishment of the Wrigley Science Institute in 2006 to study the oral health benefits of gum chewing. The WSI investigates the effects of gum chewing on weight management, stress relief, concentration, on October 23,2006, William D. Perez succeeded Bill Wrigley as CEO. He was the first person outside the Wrigley family to head the company, in 2007, the company debuted 5 Gum in the US. The 5 Gum brand was marketed using cinematic TV commercials portraying What it feels like to chew 5 Gum, Perez led the efforts of improving slimmer packaging with flavor improvements across both Extra and Wrigley brands. Dushan Petrovich succeeded Perez almost immediately after Mars, Incorporateds 2008 purchase of Wrigley, in 2009, Wrigleys Global Innovation Center received the LEED Gold Certification through Wrigleys commitment to global sustainability
22.
1902 Rose Bowl
–
The inaugural game featured Fielding H. Michigan finished the season 11–0 and was considered a national champion, yost had been Stanfords coach the previous year. The Tournament of Roses Parade began in 1890 as a New Years Day tradition in the City of Pasadena, the city boosters were exploring a way to bring in tourism and money to the area. The admission price was 50 cents to $1 to see the game, an additional $1 would be charged to admit a familys horse and buggy to the grounds. The game was played in Tournament Park, where stands were built. Before the Rose Bowl stadium was built for the 1923 Rose Bowl, games were played in Pasadenas Tournament Park, Tournament Park is now a private park maintained by the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. It was simply known as the lot before being renamed Tournament Park in 1900. Stanford had played the Olympic Club and Reliance Club twice, beating and tying each and they beat Nevada, 12–0, then lost to Cal in the eleventh Big Game, 2–0. The 1901 Michigan Wolverines football team was nicknamed the Point-a-Minute team when they came to Pasadena to play the game, the Wolverines had racked up 501 points while allowing their opponents no points at all. The 49 points they scored in the 1902 Rose Bowl game brought their total to 550 to 0. But, on New Years Day 1916 football returned to stay as Washington State University defeated Brown University in the first annual Tournament of Roses football game, at Stanford, rugby replaced football from the 1906 season through the 1917 season. In record keeping, Neil Snows five touchdowns are noted along with the modern Rose Bowl record of four held by Eric Ball, Sam Cunningham. Snow was named the Most Valuable Player of the game when the award was created in 1953, the initial attendance has varied according to different sources. The ESPN BCS article lists the attendance as 8,500, the Michigan football media guide and Michigan articles list the attendance as 8,000. The Official 2007 NCAA Division I football records book lists the attendance at 8,000, Tournament Park would be the site for the second to eighth Rose Bowl Games from 1916 to 1922 before the Rose Bowl stadium opened for the 1923 Rose Bowl. As of 2016, Stanford has appeared in the Rose Bowl 15 times, third most, Stanford would make their next bowl appearance in 1925, the 1925 Rose Bowl. Michigans next bowl game was in the Rose Bowl, albion Publishing Group Santa Barbara, CA1999. ISBN 1-880352-62-1 The Rose Bowl Game by Rube Samuelsen, ASIN, B0007DZXFC Summary at Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan Athletics History
23.
Rose Bowl (stadium)
–
The Rose Bowl is an outdoor athletic stadium in Pasadena, California, just outside Los Angeles. At a modern capacity of a configuration at 88,500 the Rose Bowl is the 17th-largest stadium in the world, the 11th-largest stadium in the United States. One of the most famous stadiums in sporting history, the Rose Bowl is best known as an American football venue, since 1982, the stadium has also served as the home stadium of the UCLA Bruins football team. The stadium has hosted five Super Bowl games, second most of any venue. UCLA and the Pasadena Tournament of Roses also have one member on the company board, the game now known as the Rose Bowl Game was played at Tournament Park until 1922. The Pasadena Tournament of Roses Association, the organizer, realized the temporary stands were inadequate for a crowd of more than 40,000. The stadium was designed by architect Myron Hunt in 1921 and his design was influenced by the Yale Bowl in New Haven, Connecticut, which was built in 1913 and opened in 1914. The Arroyo Seco was selected as the location for the stadium, the Rose Bowl was under construction from 1921 to 1922. The nearby Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum also was under construction during this time, originally built as a horseshoe, the stadium was expanded several times. The southern stands were completed in 1928, making the stadium a complete bowl, the stadium is extremely hard to get to due to the traffic caused by single-lane residential street access. The stadium has no dedicated parking lot for visitors and parking issues have routinely caused visitors to two to three hours completing the last mile to the stadium on game days. In 2016, Rose Bowl contracted ParkJockey to streamline parking in, there are also shuttles to help visitors get to the stadium and mobile lights powered by generators to provide visibility for people walking on the golf course at night. The first game was a regular season contest on October 28,1922 when Cal defeated USC 12–0 and this was the only loss for USC and California finished the season undefeated. California declined the invitation to the 1923 Rose Bowl game and USC went in their place, the stadium was dedicated officially on January 1,1923 when USC defeated Penn State 14–3. The stadium seating has been reconfigured several times since its construction in 1922, the South end was filled in to complete the bowl and more seats have been added. The original wooden benches were replaced by aluminum benches in 1969, All new grandstand and loge seats had been installed since 1971. New red seat backs had been added on 22,000 seats prior to the 1980 Rose Bowl, a Rose Bowl improvement was conducted because of UCLAs 1982 move and the 1984 Summer Olympics. This resulted in new seat backs for 50,000 seats, for many years, the Rose Bowl had the largest football stadium capacity in the United States, eventually being surpassed by Michigan Stadium
24.
BCS National Championship Game
–
The participating teams were determined by averaging the results of the final weekly Coaches Poll, the Harris Poll of media, former players and coaches, and the average of six computer rankings. The methodologies of the BCS system and its selections proved to be controversial, 3-ranked team, the University of Oklahoma, over the No. 1-ranked team in that poll, the University of Southern California, the expanded format was called the Bowl Championship Series. The Bowl Alliance and its predecessor, the Bowl Coalition, featured games in the 1992–1997 seasons. However, these could not always ensure a matchup between the top two ranked teams because of the lack of participation by the Big Ten and Pac-10. The BCS National Championship Game was initially rotated among the four participating bowl games, the Rose Bowl, Orange Bowl, Fiesta Bowl, however, beginning with the 2006 season, the BCS National Championship Game was added as a separate contest, played after New Years Day. The game rotated its location among the Fiesta, Sugar, Orange, * The American Athletic Conference was known as the Big East during the 1991–2012 seasons. Because of a split between the schools and FBS schools, the conference adopted its present name for the 2013 season. * Miami and Virginia Tech moved to the ACC in 2004, * Nebraska moved to the Big Ten in 2011. ** LSUs loss in the 2012 BCS Championship Game was to fellow SEC member Alabama, *** Alabamas win in the 2012 BCS Championship Game was over fellow SEC member LSU. † USC vacated its win in the 2005 Orange Bowl, critics of the BCS National Championship argued against the internal validity of a so-called national championship being awarded to the winner of a single postseason game. The end of the 2010 season was one of the best examples of this, without any objective criteria for evaluation of the teams, the BCS forced voters to impose their own standards and tiebreakers. Critics noted that the system inherently fostered selection bias, and therefore lacked both internal validity and external validity, controversies surrounding teams inclusion in the BCS National Championship Game were numerous. In 2001, Oregon, ranked second in the AP poll, was bypassed in favor of Nebraska despite Nebraskas 62-36 blowout to Colorado in its regular season game. In 2003, USC was not included in the championship game, the following season, undefeated Auburn, Boise State, and Utah teams were left out of the national title game. In 2008, the University of Utah was excluded from the BCS championship for a time despite being the only undefeated FBS team. In 2010, three teams, Oregon, Auburn, and TCU, all finished the year with undefeated records, gee retracted his statement and apologized after TCU defeated Wisconsin in the 2011 Rose Bowl. On June 24,2009, the BCS presidential oversight committee rejected the Mountain West Conferences proposed eight-team playoff plan, in May 2011, the NCAA rejected all appeals of USCs penalties, which included Bushs ineligibility and a two-year bowl ban
25.
Colorado Boulevard
–
Colorado Boulevard is a major east–west street in Southern California. It runs from Griffith Park in Los Angeles east through Glendale, the Eagle Rock section of Los Angeles, Pasadena, the full route was once various state highways but is now locally maintained in favor of the parallel Ventura Freeway and Foothill Freeway. Colorado Street begins at Interstate 5 as a freeway spur. After crossing the Los Angeles River, there are two interchanges — with Edenhurst Avenue and San Fernando Road - before it becomes a surface street, at the second interchange it enters Glendale. At the east border of Glendale, Colorado Street becomes Colorado Boulevard as it crosses State Route 2 into Los Angeles, another short freeway spur splits west of the intersection with Figueroa Street, heading northeast to the Ventura Freeway. This spur also carried SR134 after the Ventura Freeway was built to the east, after crossing Figueroa Street, Colorado Boulevard splits from Linda Vista Avenue and then passes over the Arroyo Seco on the Colorado Street Bridge into Pasadena. In Pasadena, Colorado Boulevard crosses the short State Route 710 spur, Colorado Street, renamed Boulevard in 1958, runs through Old Town Pasadena from Arroyo Parkway to Orange Grove Boulevard. It is the zero axis of the street grid in Pasadena. The Tournament of Roses parade route travels north on Orange Grove Avenue then east along Colorado Boulevard as far as Sierra Madre Boulevard, most major Pasadena attractions are found along or within one block of Colorado Boulevard. Pasadena City College is located at 1570 E. Colorado Boulevard, the street was mentioned in Jan and Deans 1964 hit song The Little Old Lady from Pasadena. The road leaves the city into unincorporated East Pasadena, where it intersects Rosemead Boulevard, Colorado Boulevard becomes Colorado Street as it crosses Michillinda Avenue from East Pasadena into Arcadia. Through Arcadia, the street parallels the Foothill Freeway, providing access to many of the neighborhoods in west Arcadia, from the split, Colorado Boulevard becomes a primarily residential street, with some commercial zones near Santa Anita Avenue in Arcadia. The Santa Anita Depot, built in 1890 to serve Lucky Baldwin, and it was moved to the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden during the construction of the 210 Foothill Freeway in 1970. The most original portion of Colorado Boulevard ran from Orange Grove Boulevard to Broadway and this portion of the street always contained many shops, banks, hotels, and major commercial industries. By the late 19th century, this part of Colorado had become so popular, it was becoming a traffic bottleneck and it wasnt until 1929 that the City undertook the major and unprecedented task of cutting back the buildings along Colorado 14 feet on each side. This undertaking created an amount of legal red tape as well as many engineering dilemmas which were handled with amazing results. At the same time many of the Victorian facings on the buildings were replaced with Spanish, Colorado Street and Colorado Boulevard carried pre-1964 Legislative Route 161 from its west end to the merge with Huntington Drive. This was signed as State Route 134 west of Figueroa Street, U. S. Route 66 Alternate from Figueroa Street to Arroyo Parkway, and U. S. Route 66 from Arroyo Parkway to Huntington Drive
26.
U.S. Route 66 in California
–
It was truncated during the 1964 renumbering and its signage removed in 1974. The highway is now replaced with several streets in Los Angeles, State Route 66, Interstate 15. US66 continued to be signed east of Pasadena until 1974, when it was removed, according to Eagles guitarist Don Felder, Everybody had driven into Los Angeles on what used to be Route 66. And as you drive in through the desert at night, you can see the glow of Los Angeles from a hundred miles away. The closer and closer you get, you start seeing all of these images, and these things pounded into our heads, nationally, Route 66 has been a decommissioned highway since 1985, with the last section through Williams, Arizona, bypassed by I-40 in 1984. The first efforts to return the route to maps as Historic Route 66 date to 1987 and this initiative was soon followed in all eight US66 states, including California. From San Bernardino to the Arizona state line US66 followed the old National Old Trails Highway, the old highway veers away from I-15 between Victorville and Barstow, following the railroad through Oro Grande, Helendale, and Lenwood. Through Barstow, it is Main Street, east of Barstow, the National Old Trails Highway passes through a Marine Corps base, limiting public access and forcing traffic onto I-40. From Daggett, Historic 66 leaves I-40, crossing it three times before winding away through Bagdad, Amboy, and Essex, US66 was all paved in California by 1935. From Essex the highway was Goffs Road through Goffs until about 1931, the later alignment is now I-40 east of Essex. The original highway winds around I-40 in the Needles area, before crossing the Colorado River into Arizona. In todays terms, it followed the Santa Monica Boulevard until the east end, running northwards on SR110 to the northern terminus in Pasadena, the highway continued east onto Colorado Boulevard. When crossing North Baldwin Avenue, Colorado Boulevard becomes Colorado Street, in Arcadia the highway continues eastwards as Huntington Drive, which it follows until it became Foothill Boulevard after 5.7 miles. Following Foothill Boulevard, the highway became Alosta Avenue in Azusa, when entering Glendora the highway changed names to Route 66 and when leaving, it becomes Foothill Boulevard again. Foothill Boulevard is numbered SR66 from the interchange with SR210 in La Verne onwards and it follows SR66 until it reaches I-215 in San Bernardino. US66 originally exited San Bernardino on Mount Vernon Avenue and Cajon Boulevard, US66 originally followed 7th Street and D Street through Victorville then the National Old Trails Highway through Barstow, California and across the Mojave Desert to Needles. US66 followed Broadway Street through Needles, then crossed into Arizona on the Trails Arch Bridge or the Red Rock Bridge. By 1964, most or all of part of the route had been replaced by three Interstate highways, the first being I-215, known as I-15 in 1964
27.
Orange Grove Boulevard (Pasadena)
–
Orange Grove Boulevard is a main thoroughfare in Pasadena and South Pasadena, California. Each New Years Day, the Rose Parade participants and floats line up before dawn on Orange Grove Boulevard, facing north, South Orange Grove has been the address of the affluent, both the famous and the infamous, since the early 1900s. The Los Angeles Times said, When a stranger comes to Pasadena now, Orange Grove Boulevard is one street of several exclusive residential districts in Pasadena. The stately Tournament House stands on Orange Grove Blvd. today, in wartime 1942, Orange Grove Boulevard was used as an alternate route for the Rose Parade to avoid an enemy attack. Formerly referred to as Mountain Avenue, North Orange Grove Boulevard is home to the exquisite Gamble House, North of Holly Street, the road bends northeast, ending at North Fair Oaks Avenue. The home of David Gamble, son of consumer product maker James Gamble of Procter & Gamble, is located on the end of Orange Grove Blvd. The Gamble House, an American Craftsman masterpiece, was built in 1908, by architects Charles and Henry Greene and it is open to the public as both an architectural conservancy and museum. The Gamble House is a California Historical Landmark and a National Historic Landmark on the National Register of Historic Places, in 1966 it was deeded to the city of Pasadena in a mutual agreement with the University of Southern California School of Architecture. Every year, two carefully selected fifth year USC architecture students live in the house full-time, formerly referred to as Illinois Street, this section of Orange Grove Boulevard runs through the more economically diverse northern part of the city. Although there is a commercial district between Lincoln and Los Robles avenues, this section of the street is overwhelmingly residential. The street ends at California State Route 19 and Sierra Madre Villa Avenue in Hastings Ranch, the Norton Simon Museum is at the intersection of Orange Grove and Colorado boulevards. The museum can be clearly seen every year during the Rose Parade broadcast. The parades official start is at Orange Grove Boulevard and Ellis Street, South Orange Grove Boulevard becomes South Orange Grove Avenue at Columbia Street and its southern terminus is a cul-de-sac in western South Pasadena, passing by Orange Grove Park. Between Columbia Street and Colorado Boulevard, the road is the center of an exclusive neighborhood, in 1876, unimproved land with water could be purchased for about $100 an acre. Currently, an empty lot is likely to go for as much as $200,000. Most of the mansions in this area are gone, multiple residential courts, valley Hunt Club, Maranatha High School, and Westridge School are located on South Orange Grove Boulevard. The city of South Pasadena has embarked on a project to improve both the safety and the ambience of South Orange Grove. The sidewalks along the street have been landscaped and refurbished, the addition of vintage street lights both improves the safety of pedestrians and contributes to the desired ambience
28.
Interstate 210 and State Route 210 (California)
–
The western portion of the route is an auxiliary Interstate Highway, while the eastern portion is a state highway. The name Foothill Freeway is a reference to Foothill Boulevard and the San Gabriel Mountains, the freeway connects Los Angeles with its northern suburbs following the foothills of these mountains. The freeway runs from the Sylmar district of Los Angeles east to Redlands, currently all of the Foothill Freeway is designated Route 210. Historically, the Foothill Freeway spanned multiple numerical designations, additionally, the I-210 designation has changed routings, previously including a portion of what is now the Orange Freeway. East of Pasadena the Foothill Freeway parallels, and in some parts replaced, i-210s western terminus is at its junction with the Golden State Freeway, near the Sylmar district of Los Angeles. From that point, the alignment is generally diagonal as it heads southeast through the northeastern San Fernando Valley. After leaving Los Angeles, it enters northern Glendale and meets with the Glendale Freeway before turning due south towards the junction with the Ventura Freeway in Pasadena, at this interchange, the Foothill Freeway shifts its alignment and direction, becoming an east-west freeway. After intersecting the terminus of I-605, I-210 then continues east to the Orange Freeway in Glendora. Heading east from the Orange Freeway interchange, until its terminus at I-10 in Redlands,210 is currently signed as a state route. Portions of the Metro Gold Line of the LACMTA runs in the median of the Foothill Freeway from Pasadena to Arcadia, State Route 210 presently has two distinct segments, The western freeway segment serves as the easternmost portion of the Foothill Freeway. Consisting of newer freeway, beginning at the east end of I-210 near San Dimas, SR210 extends eastward, eventually paralleling Highland Avenue and it intersects Interstate 15, an artery between Southern California and Nevada, about ten miles before it meets with Interstate 215 in San Bernardino. The segment east of Interstate 215 is the alignment of State Route 30. This segment extends eastward to junctions with Interstate 215, State Route 259, State Route 18, State Route 210 then curves southward and ends in a junction with Interstate 10 in Redlands. The Glendora Curve is the colloquial name for the interchange between State Route 57 and the Foothill Freeway, Interstate 210. The origin of the name comes from its location in the city of Glendora and this route is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System and is eligible for the State Scenic Highway System. Construction began on the freeway in 1958, the section going northwest through La Canada Flintridge to the junction with I-5 in Sylmar was built in the mid-to-late 1970s. The section between the Kellogg interchange and Glendora is no part of I-210. In 2003, this piece was renumbered as part of State Route 57, in the 1990s, Caltrans began constructing extensions to the freeway from Glendora east to the former Interstate 215/State Route 30 interchange in San Bernardino
29.
Pasadena High School (California)
–
Pasadena High School is a public high school in Pasadena, California. It is one of four schools in the Pasadena Unified School District. The school was first established as a school in 1884. In 1928, the merged into Pasadena Junior College and operated as a four-year school. Pasadena realigned its 6-4-4 school system in 1954 with Pasadena High School regaining its separate identity, PHS, however, shared the Pasadena City College Colorado Boulevard campus through the graduating class of 1960 when PHS moved to its present campus on Sierra Madre Boulevard at Washington Boulevard. In 2013, Pasadena High Schools student population consisted of 2,028 students, with 56% of students being Latino, 20% white, 16% African-American, Pasadena High School offers several special unique programs. The Graphic Communications Academy was established in partnership with the Printing Industry of Southern California, the Visual Arts and Design Academy is linked with the Art Center College of Design, Pasadena City College and the Pasadena Art Armory. The Center for Independent Study program is a program to help students who are behind in credits. PHS also offers a pathway called the App Academy, which helps students learn about web design. Pasadena High School competes against John Muir High School at the Rose Bowl in a game known as the Turkey Tussle. The tradition began in 1947, and Muir leads the series 42-18-2, Pasadena High School also has a NNDCC unit, which is a non-funded version of the US Navys NJROTC program. Pasadena High School has had a Reserves Officers Training Corps since 1920 starting as Army but has also been Air Force and Marines as well in the past. Yura Movsisyan, soccer player for FC Spartak Moscow Charley Paddock, two-time Olympic champion, fastest man in the world George S. Patton, US Army general in World War II William H
30.
Jack in the Box
–
Jack in the Box is an American fast-food restaurant chain founded February 21,1951, by Robert O. Peterson in San Diego, California, where it is headquartered. The chain has 2,200 locations, primarily serving the West Coast of the United States, Food items include a variety of hamburger and cheeseburger sandwiches along with selections of internationally themed foods such as tacos and egg rolls. The company also operates the Qdoba Mexican Grill chain, Robert Oscar Peterson already owned several successful restaurants when he opened Topsys Drive-In at 6270 El Cajon Boulevard in San Diego in 1941. Several more Topsys were opened and eventually renamed Oscars, by the late 1940s, the Oscars locations had developed a circus-like décor featuring drawings of a starry-eyed clown. In 1951, Peterson converted the El Cajon Boulevard location into Jack in the Box, while the drive-through concept was not new, Jack in the Box innovated a two-way intercom system, the first major chain to use an intercom and the first to focus on drive-through. The intercom allowed much faster service than a traditional window, while one customer was being served at the window. A giant clown projected from the roof, and a clown head sat atop the intercom. The Jack in the Box restaurant was conceived as a food machine, designed by La Jolla. Quick service made the new location very popular, and soon all of Oscars locations were redesigned with intercoms, petersons holding company Foodmaker Company by 1966 was known as Foodmaker, Inc. In 1968, Peterson sold Foodmaker to Ralston Purina Company, in the 1970s, Foodmaker led the Jack in the Box chain toward its most prolific growth and began to franchise locations. The chain began to resemble its larger competitors, particularly industry giant McDonalds. Jack in the Box began to struggle in the part of the decade, its expansion into East Coast markets was cut back. By the end of the decade, Jack in the Box restaurants were sold in increasing numbers, Jack in the Box announced that it would no longer compete for McDonalds target customer base of families with young children. Television advertising from about 1985 onward featured minimalistic music by a small chamber-like ensemble, annual sales increased through the 1980s. Ralston Purina tried further to mature the restaurants image, renaming it Monterey Jacks in 1985, a disastrous move, after 18 years, Ralston Purina decided in 1985 that Foodmaker was a non-core asset and sold it to management. By 1987, sales reached $655 million, the chain boasted 897 restaurants, JBX Grill was a line of fast casual restaurants introduced in 2004 by Jack in the Box Inc. They featured high-quality, cafe-style food, avoiding most of the cheaper fast-food items typically served at Jack in the Box, the architecture and decor maintained an upbeat, positive atmosphere, and the customer service was comparable to most dine-in restaurants. Two of the Jack in the Box restaurants in San Diego, there were also restaurants in Bakersfield, California, Boise, Idaho, and Nampa, Idaho
31.
Mission Viejo, California
–
Mission Viejo /ˈmɪʃən viːˈeɪhoʊ/ is a city in Orange County, California, United States in the Saddleback Valley. Mission Viejo is considered one of the largest master-planned communities ever built under a project in the United States. Its population as of 2014 was estimated at 96,346, Mission Viejo is suburban in nature and culture. The city is residential, although there are a number of offices and businesses within its city limits. The city is known for its picturesque tree-lined neighborhoods, receiving recognition from the National Arbor Day Foundation, the citys name is a reference to Rancho Mission Viejo, a large Spanish land grant from which the community was founded. Mission Viejo was purchased by John Forster, a Mexican also known as Don Juan, during the Mexican-American War, Forster provided fresh horses to United States military forces which were used on the march of San Diego to retake Los Angeles. Mission Viejo was a hilly region primarily used as cattle and sheep grazing land and this city was one of the last regions of Orange County to be urbanized due to its geologic complexity. In 1960, early developers dismissed most of the land in Mission Viejo as simply undevelopable, the plan worked, and by 1980 much of the city of Mission Viejo was completed. During the late 1970s and the 1980s, houses in Mission Viejo were in high demand that housing tracts often sold out before construction even began on them. The houses and shopping centers in the city are almost uniformly designed in a Spanish mission style, with stucco walls. Many point to Mission Viejo as the first and largest manifestation of Brens obsession with Spanish architecture, Brens company was also the creator of the developments in Irvine, and Newport Beach. The seal of the city of Mission Viejo was designed and drawn by Carl Glassford, Mission Viejo is located at 33°36′46″N 117°39′22″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 18.1 square miles. 17.7 square miles of it is land and 0.4 square miles of it is water, a significant portion of the surface water is held in Lake Mission Viejo, an artificial lake stretching approximately one mile from Olympiad Road to Alicia Parkway along Marguerite Parkway. Mission Viejo enjoys a borderline climate, with mild temperatures. Rainfall totals, which average around 14 inches annually are focused primarily in the months from November to March, Summer is very dry and virtually rainless, however thunderstorms do rarely occur. Due to the proximity to the ocean, nighttime and morning clouds are fairly common, especially in the months of May and June. Like most of Southern California, the city is prone to dry Santa Ana winds, for example, temperatures have reached highs of 90 °F and above throughout many months of the year, occasionally into the autumn months
32.
RFD-TV
–
RFD-TV is an American digital cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Rural Media Group. The channel features programming devoted to issues, concerns and interests. The channels name is a reference to Rural Free Delivery, the name for the United States Postal Services system of delivering mail directly to rural patrons. Production and uplinking facilities for RFD-TV are located at Northstar Studios in Nashville, Tennessee, while the corporate and national sales office are based in Omaha. As of February 2015, RFD-TV is available to approximately 47.3 million pay television households in the United States and it is not available in most Comcast markets, Comcast controversially dropped the channel in many of its Western markets in favor of Al Jazeera America in 2013. It was added to Sling TV on April 4,2017, RFD-TV is the flagship network for Rural Media Group. RFD-HD is a high definition feed of RFD-TV that broadcasts in the 1080i resolution format, instead of simulcasting RFD-TV, the HD feed maintains its own independent programming schedule. The channel first began broadcasting in high definition in the fall of 2007, the program was broadcast on the channel from 6 to 9 a. m. Eastern Time on weekdays, along with a primetime telecast of the program on its high definition simulcast channel RFD-HD, during much of the shows run, a news ticker was shown with the days news, similar to that featuring when Imus in the Morning was simulcast on MSNBC. The video simulcast of the program ended its run on RFD-TV on August 28,2009, in 2010, litigation commenced between RFD-TV and The Big Joe Polka Shows creators/producers of Polka Cassettes of Nebraska, involving several lawsuits and countersuits. In August 2010, a slander and defamation suit was brought against Polka Cassettes of Nebraska by RFD-TV. In 2011, the granted the defendants motion for summary judgment. In January 2015, Joseph Big Joe Siedlik died, the show was replaced by The RFD-TV Polka Fest on January 5,2011, and aired during the same timeslots. RFD-TV Polka Fest was later replaced by Mollie B Polka Party, wednesday afternoons, starting in September 2015 will feature selected reruns of the Big Joe Polka Show under the name Big Joe Polka Classics. Other programs added in Winter 2007-08 included a revival of Crook & Chase, farm Report The following programs were aired on RFD-TV at one point, but are no longer listed on the official website
33.
Roseville, California
–
Roseville is the largest city in Placer County, California, United States, in the Sacramento metropolitan area. As of January 1,2015, the state Department of Finance estimated the population to be 128,382. Interstate 80 runs through Roseville and State Route 65 runs through part of the edge of the city. The settlement was originally a coach station called Griders. Junction eventually became known as Roseville, in 1909, three years after the Southern Pacific Railroad moved its facilities from Rocklin to Roseville, the town became an incorporated city. What followed was a period of expansion, with the community building more than 100 structures, the city was a railroad town for decades, with the railroad employing up to 1,225 people by 1929, out of a population of only 6,425 people. With the onset of World War II, the yards became busier than ever. However, the nature of the city changed dramatically in the 1950s, during the 1950s the railroad continued to expand and upgrade, converting its steam engine fleet to all diesel engines by the end of the decade. However, the railroads began falling in the shadow of air travel, thus, although the railroad remained a major employer, the expansion of the city began branching out into other employment sectors. Another important change during this period was the Washington Boulevard railroad underpass construction in 1950, the completion of Interstate 80 in 1956 shifted the population from downtown to what would become known as East Roseville. The old downtown area slid into a gradual decline, the city saw steady population growth throughout the ensuing decades, as shopping centers, major retailers, and homes were constructed throughout the city. The growth rate was modest until 1985, between 1929 when the population was 6,425 people and 1985, the population grew by only 22,563 people. In 1985 the population stood at 28,988 people, five years later it was 44,685 people, and by the year 2000 it was 74,234 people. Some of this growth was fueled by the location of major employers, such as Hewlett Packard, the population as of 2014 was 126,956 people. Roseville is no longer a town, but the Union Pacific Railroad is still the sixth largest employer. Current visitors can now visit the revitalized historic Vernon Street and old Downtown areas which had been in decline for decades, Roseville is located at 38°45′09″N 121°17′22″W. According to the Roseville Civic Center, the city has an area of 42.26 square miles. Several streams flow through Roseville, including Dry Creek, Linda Creek, Secret Ravine, Roseville has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate that is characterized by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers
34.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
35.
Flypast
–
A flypast is a ceremonial or honorific flight by a group of aircraft or a single aircraft. The term flypast is used in the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth, in the United States, the terms flyover and flyby are used. Flypasts are often tied in with Royal or state events, anniversaries, celebrations -, sometimes flypasts occur in special situations, to honour someone or to celebrate certain types of aircraft. They have affinities with parades, of which form the aerial component. Often they occur in purely display contexts at airshows, but it is the flypasts linked with civic, ceremonial and national pride and these spectacular and daring displays of military - and occasionally passenger - aircraft, are described in broadcast and print media as historic. Flypasts are regularly featured in public and ceremonial life in the United Kingdom and they serve to show respect, display aircraft, showcase flying skills and as a form of entertainment to delight the public, for example, during their annual appearance after Trooping the Colour. Flypasts reflect milestones of life, varying in scope from personal, to community and local, to military. They may honour individuals in private or public life or commemorate happenings at a particular location and they are also used to honour aircraft. On occasions both small and large they may occur over land or sea, sometimes connected with memorial or thanksgiving services, in Commonwealth countries, notably Singapore, Canada and Australia, they occur on national days and occasionally on anniversaries. They are seen rarely in other territories. Flypast locations are usually of national importance, in the UK, these include Buckingham Palace, where the Royal Family on the balcony will join the thousands of spectators in streets and parks below. Other London settings have included the River Thames, the 50th and 60th anniversaries of World War II were celebrated by flypasts over Normandy in France. Festivities of Trafalgar 200 were centred over Portsmouth and at sea, the connection of Trooping the Colour with Royal Air Force flypasts began in 1913 when the Royal Flying Corps Military Wing performed a flypast for King George V on Laffans Plain, near Aldershot. On 6 July 1935, George V carried out his Silver Jubilee Review of the Royal Air Force at RAF Duxford and RAF Mildenhall which included 200 aircraft on the ground and a flypast of 350 aircraft. King George VI attended a flypast at the ceremony of the Empire Exhibition, Scotland 1938 at Ibrox Stadium on 5 May 1938. Flypasts are a regular occurrence in the United Kingdom at national events or commemorations, in 1954 the Queen conducted a Coronation Review of the Royal Air Force at RAF Odiham which included a flypast by about 640 aircraft - among them 440 jet aircraft. Headed by the Lancaster with 2 Hurricanes and 2 Spitfires, the 49 aircraft in 9 formations included Typhoons, Jaguars, Tristar, VC10, C-17A Globemaster III, the highlight was a Diamond 9 formation of Tornado GR4s and the appearance of a Canberra escorted by the Red Arrows. In many countries, flypasts, normally performed by the aerobatic team of a countrys air force, are an integral part of Republic Day or National Day celebrations
36.
McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet
–
The McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet is a twin-engine supersonic, all-weather carrier-capable multirole combat jet, designed as both a fighter and attack aircraft. Designed by McDonnell Douglas and Northrop, the F/A-18 was derived from the latters YF-17 in the 1970s for use by the United States Navy and Marine Corps. The Hornet is also used by the air forces of other nations and, since 1986, by the U. S. Navys Flight Demonstration Squadron. The F/A-18 has a top speed of Mach 1.8 and it can carry a wide variety of bombs and missiles, including air-to-air and air-to-ground, supplemented by the 20-mm M61 Vulcan cannon. It is powered by two General Electric F404 turbofan engines, which give the aircraft a high thrust-to-weight ratio, the F/A-18 has excellent aerodynamic characteristics, primarily attributed to its leading edge extensions. The fighters primary missions are fighter escort, fleet air defense, Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses, air interdiction, close air support, the Hornet first saw combat action during the 1986 United States bombing of Libya and subsequently participated in the 1991 Gulf War and 2003 Iraq War. The F/A-18 Hornet provided the design for the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, its larger. In August 1973, Congress mandated that the Navy pursue a lower-cost alternative to the F-14, grumman proposed a stripped F-14 designated the F-14X, while McDonnell Douglas proposed a naval variant of the F-15, but both were nearly as expensive as the F-14. That summer, Secretary of Defense Schlesinger ordered the Navy to evaluate the competitors in the Air Forces Lightweight Fighter program, the Air Force competition specified a day fighter with no strike capability. On 2 May 1975, the Navy announced its selection of the YF-17, since the LWF did not share the design requirements of the VFAX, the Navy asked McDonnell Douglas and Northrop to develop a new aircraft from the design and principles of the YF-17. On 1 March 1977, Secretary of the Navy W. Graham Claytor announced that the F-18 would be named Hornet. Northrop had partnered with McDonnell Douglas as a contractor on NACF to capitalize on the latters experience in building carrier aircraft. On the F-18, the two agreed to evenly split component manufacturing, with McDonnell Douglas conducting final assembly. McDonnell Douglas would build the wings, stabilators, and forward fuselage, while Northrop would build the center and aft fuselage and vertical stabilizers. McDonnell Douglas was the contractor for the naval versions. The F-18, initially known as McDonnell Douglas Model 267, was modified from the YF-17. For carrier operations, the airframe, undercarriage, and tailhook were strengthened, folding wings and catapult attachments were added, and the landing gear widened. To meet Navy range and reserves requirements, McDonnell increased fuel capacity by 4,460 pounds, by enlarging the dorsal spine, a snag was added to the wings leading edge and stabilators to prevent an Aeroelastic flutter discovered in the F-15 stabilator
37.
VFA-22
–
VFA-22, Strike Fighter Squadron 22, also known as the Fighting Redcocks, are a United States Navy F/A-18F Super Hornet fighter squadron stationed at Naval Air Station Lemoore, California. Their tail code is NA and their radio callsign alternates between Beef and Beef Eater, the squadron originally flew the F8F Bearcat, then the F4U Corsair, F9F Panther, F9 Cougar, FJ-4 Fury, A-4 Skyhawk, A-7 Corsair II, and the F/A-18C Hornet. Over the years, the completed three combat deployments during the Korean War and six combat deployments during the Vietnam War, where it participated in Operation Pocket Money. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, VA-22 embarked with Carrier Air Wing 15 aboard USS Kitty Hawk and deployed to the Western Pacific and Indian Ocean. The Squadron won back to back Battle E awards during the 80 &81 competitive cycles and was the co-west coast launch squadron for FLIR mounted A7Es. In 1993, the squadron deployed aboard the USS Abraham Lincoln to the Persian Gulf and participated in Operation Southern Watch, before returning home from deployment, the squadron diverted to the coast of Somalia and provided air support during Operation Continue Hope. In December 1998, VFA-22 led the only Carrier Air Wing 11 air strike of Operation Desert Fox, in October 2001, VFA-22 operating from USS Carl Vinson performed strikes against Taliban and Al Qaeda forces in Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. In 2003, VFA-22 deployed with Carrier Air Wing 9 on board the Carl Vinson on an eight month Western Pacific deployment in support of the Global War on Terrorism. By the end of 2007, VFA-22 had transitioned to the F/A-18F Super Hornet, on May 28,2009, VFA-22 and Carrier Air Wing 14 deployed with USS Ronald Reagan on a deployment to the 7th and 5th Fleet Areas of Responsibility. In 2010, The squadron re-located from Carrier Air Wing Fourteen to Carrier Air Wing Seventeen sporting the CVW-17 AA tailcode, history of the United States Navy List of inactive United States Navy aircraft squadrons List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons VFA-22s Official Webpage
38.
Lemoore, California
–
Lemoore is a city in Kings County, California, United States. Lemoore is located 7.5 miles west-southwest of Hanford, at an elevation of 230 feet and it is part of the Hanford–Corcoran Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 24,531 at the 2010 Census, the California Department of Finance estimated that Lemoores population was 26,199 on January 1,2016. Lemoore is located at 36°18′03″N 119°46′58″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 8.5 square miles, all of it land. H. Thompson in 1892, shows three high water levels of the giant Tulare Lake in different years. The highest lake level, the one Thompson labeled original lake line skirts or touches the 1892 town of Lemoores south-west corner at the current intersection of State Route 41 and State Route 198. On Thompsons map, Lemoore is on the east bank, the present remaining marshy remnants of Bogg Slough, with its unfarmed oxbow structures may be the last of their kind to avoid the plow in the Kings-San Joaquin river system. This summit, or spillway is located just a few miles north-west of Lemoore, the spillway was wide, shallow and confusing, choked with tall tule rushes, and without observable landmarks. Only one commercial boat is known to have sailed from Tulare Lake to the San Francisco delta, Tulare Lake had huge economic importance in the region, both for the very large population of Indians, and the white pioneers. The lake supported a commercial fishery feeding San Francisco. The receding lake continually opened up new lands for settlement. Because of its source streams being diverted, the last time the lake overflowed was 1878 and this switch point is located just north of Lemoore right off of Highway 41 and Elgin Ave at the New Island Weirs. In many cases the prehistoric Kings River bed has been obliterated, however, as of 2014, in satellite images the remains of many of the old channels can still be detected. Other towns built just above the Tulare Lake high-water shoreline include Kettleman City, satellite maps indicate that highways, railroads, and property lines are aligned with the historic lake shores. Also, many of the farms are can be seen to be much larger within its various historic shore lines than in the surrounding areas, the Sarah A. Mooney Memorial Museum is a Victorian house museum that was built in 1893 by Aaron and Sarah Mooney. The home is decorated in the Victorian period, with many of the pieces in the house donated by local families, the city had a local paper called The Lemoore Advance and the Advance Extra, which is now defunct. KGSR,93.3 FM, is a low-power FM radio station operated by Lemoore High School students on the campus of Lemoore High School. Dr. Lovern Lee Moore from France first made his home in what was western Tulare County and it was on the northern shoreline of Tulare Lake, then potentially the largest freshwater body of water in the USA, outside of the Great Lakes
39.
Beverly Hills, California
–
Beverly Hills is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, surrounded by the cities of Los Angeles and West Hollywood. By 2013, its population had grown to 34,658, sometimes referred to as 90210, one of its primary ZIP codes, it was home to many actors and celebrities throughout the 20th century. The city includes the Rodeo Drive shopping district and the Beverly Hills Oil Field, gaspar de Portolá arrived in the area that would later become Beverly Hills on August 3,1769, travelling along native trails which followed the present-day route of Wilshire Boulevard. The area was settled by Maria Rita Quinteros de Valdez and her husband in 1828 and they called their 4,500 acres of property the Rancho Rodeo de las Aguas. in 1854, she sold the ranch to Benjamin Davis Wilson and Henry Hancock. By the 1880s, the ranch had been subdivided into parcels of 75 acres and was being bought up by anglos from Los Angeles. Henry Hammel and Andrew H. Denker acquired most of it, at this point, the area was known as the Hammel and Denker Ranch. By 1888, Denker and Hammel were planning to build a town called Morocco on their holdings and they did not find enough to exploit commercially by the standards of the time, though. In 1906, therefore, they reorganized as the Rodeo Land and Water Company, renamed the property Beverly Hills, subdivided it, the development was named Beverly Hills after Beverly Farms in Beverly, Massachusetts and because of the hills in the area. The first house in the subdivision was built in 1907, although sales remained slow, Beverly Hills was one of many all-white planned communities started in the Los Angeles area around this time. Restrictive covenants prohibited non-whites from owning or renting property unless they were employed as servants by white residents and it was also forbidden to sell or rent property to Jews in Beverly Hills. Burton Green began construction on The Beverly Hills Hotel in 1911, the hotel was finished in 1912. The visitors drawn by the hotel were inclined to purchase land in Beverly Hills and that same year, the Rodeo Land and Water Company decided to separate its water business from its real estate business. The Beverly Hills Utility Commission was split off from the company and incorporated in September 1914, buying all of the utilities-related assets from the Rodeo Land. In 1919, Douglas Fairbanks and Mary Pickford bought land on Summit Drive and built a mansion, finished in 1921, the glamor associated with Fairbanks and Pickford as well as other movie stars who built mansions in the city contributed to its growing appeal. By the early 1920s the population of Beverly Hills had grown enough to make the water supply a political issue, in 1923 the usual solution, annexation to the city of Los Angeles, was proposed. There was considerable opposition to annexation among such famous residents as Pickford, Fairbanks, Will Rogers, the Beverly Hills Utility Commission, opposed to annexation as well, managed to force the city into a special election and the plan was defeated 337 to 507. In 1925, Beverly Hills approved an issue to buy 385 acres for a new campus for UCLA. The cities of Los Angeles, Santa Monica and Venice also issued bonds to pay for the new campus
40.
Cunard Line
–
Cunard Line is an British-American cruise line based at Carnival House at Southampton, England, operated by Carnival UK and owned by Carnival Corporation & plc. It has been an operator of passenger ships on the North Atlantic. For most of the next 30 years, Cunard held the Blue Riband for the fastest Atlantic voyage, however, in the 1870s Cunard fell behind its rivals, the White Star Line and the Inman Line. To meet this competition, in 1879 the firm was reorganised as the Cunard Steamship Company, Ltd, Mauretania held the Blue Riband from 1909 to 1929. The sinking of her running mate Lusitania in 1915 was one of the causes of the United States entering the First World War, in the late 1920s, Cunard faced new competition when the Germans, Italians and French built large prestige liners. Cunard was forced to suspend construction on its own new superliner because of the Great Depression, Cunard owned two-thirds of the new company. Cunard purchased White Stars share in 1947, the name reverted to the Cunard Line in 1950, upon the end of the Second World War, Cunard regained its position as the largest Atlantic passenger line. By the mid-1950s, it operated 12 ships to the United States, after 1958, transatlantic passenger ships became increasingly unprofitable because of the introduction of jet airliners. Cunard withdrew from its service in 1968 to concentrate on cruising. The Queens were replaced by Queen Elizabeth 2, which was designed for the dual role, in 1998 Cunard was acquired by the Carnival Corporation, and accounted for 8. 7% of that companys revenue in 2012. Five years later, QE2 was replaced on the transatlantic runs by Queen Mary 2, the line also operates Queen Victoria and Queen Elizabeth. At the moment, Cunard is the shipping company to operate a scheduled passenger service between Europe and North America. The British Government started operating monthly mail brigs from Falmouth, Cornwall and these ships carried few non-governmental passengers and no cargo. A Committee of Parliament decided in 1836 that to more competitive. The Admiralty assumed responsibility for managing the contracts, the famed Arctic explorer Admiral Sir William Edward Parry was appointed as Comptroller of Steam Machinery and Packet Service in April 1837. Nova Scotians led by their young Assembly Speaker, Joseph Howe, on his arrival in London in May 1838, Howe discussed the enterprise with his fellow Nova Scotian Samuel Cunard, a shipowner who was also visiting London on business. Cunard and Howe were associates and Howe also owed Cunard £300, Cunard returned to Halifax to raise capital, and Howe continued to lobby the British government. The Rebellions of 1837 were ongoing and London realized that the proposed Halifax service was also important for the military and that November, Parry released a tender for North Atlantic monthly mail service to Halifax beginning in April 1839 using steamships with 300 horsepower
41.
Dole Food Company
–
Dole Food Company, Inc. is an American agricultural multinational corporation headquartered in Westlake Village, California. The company is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world, operating with 74,300 full-time, Dole markets such food items as bananas, pineapples, grapes, strawberries, salads, and other fresh and frozen fruits and juices. Doles Chairman founded the Dole Nutrition Institute, a nutritional research, the company traces its origin to the 1851 establishment of Castle & Cooke by missionaries Samuel Northrup Castle and Amos Starr Cooke. Castle & Cooke rapidly became one of the largest companies in Hawaii, investing in shipping, railroad construction, sugar production, and seafood packing. Sanford Dole, the cousin of James, had been president of the Republic of Hawaii from 1894 after the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and first governor of the Territory of Hawaii until 1903. The annexation of Hawaii to the United States made selling agricultural products to the much more profitable. In 1932, Castle & Cooke purchased a 21% interest in the Hawaiian Pineapple Company, in the 1960s, Castle & Cooke acquired the remainder of the Hawaiian Pineapple Company and the Standard Fruit Company. In 1976, it acquired Bud Antle Inc. a California-based lettuce and celery farmer, the company was renamed The Dole Food Company, Inc in 1991. Castle & Cooke Inc, an estate company, was spun off in 1995, it is currently operating as a subsidiary of Flexi-Van Leasing. It was then the third largest producer and U. S. importer of bananas, Dole and Chiquita remain the top two U. S. banana companies as of 2011. In 2011, the company reported $7.2 billion in annual revenue, Dole operates plantations throughout Central and South America, and in the Asia-Pacific region, with plantations in the Philippines and two packing plants in Thailand, Hua Hin and Chumphon. As part of a restructuring in 2012, Dole agreed to sell its worldwide packaged foods. The transaction paid down an amount of Doles debt and refocused the companys business on fresh fruit. The businesses acquired by Itochu continue to use the Dole brand and are owned by Dole International Holdings, in August 2013, Dole announced that CEO David Murdock would acquire the outstanding stock of the company for $1.2 billion. The sale closed in October 2013, but was challenged by shareholders who argued that the company was undervalued, based in part on underestimated cost savings from the 2012 sale of the Asia business. Dole, which had moved its registration from Hawaii to Delaware in 2001. Dole is an integrated producer, owning plantations in Central America. It operates a fleet of 19 container ships that are equipped to support refrigerated containers
42.
Uno (card game)
–
Uno is an American card game that is played with a specially printed deck. The game was developed in 1971 by Merle Robbins in Reading, Ohio. It has been a Mattel brand since 1992, the games general principles put it into the Crazy Eights family of card games. When his family and friends began to more and more. He sold it from his barbershop at first, and local businesses began to sell it as well. Robins later sold the rights to UNO to a group of headed by Robert Tezak. Tezak formed International Games, Inc. to market UNO, with offices behind his funeral parlor, the games were produced by Lewis Saltzman of Saltzman Printers in Maywood, Illinois. In 1992, International Games became part of the Mattel family of companies, the deck consists of 108 cards, of which there are 25 of each color, each color having two of each rank except zero. The ranks in each color are zero to nine, Skip, Draw Two, in addition, the deck contains four each of Wild and Wild Draw Four cards. To start a hand, seven cards are dealt to each player, the player to the dealers left plays first, unless the first card on the discard pile is an action or Wild card. Action and Wild cards have the effects, If a player draws a card that is playable. Having drawn from the deck, the player will not use any card from his/her hand on that turn. A player may play a Wild card at any time, even if that player has other playable cards, a player may play a Wild Draw Four card only if that player has no cards matching the current color. The player may have cards of a different color matching the current number or symbol or a Wild card, a player who plays a Wild Draw Four may be challenged by the next player in sequence to prove that his or her hand meets this condition. If the entire deck is used during play, the top discard is set aside and it is illegal to trade cards of any sort with another player. A player who plays with 2 cards remaining must call Uno as a warning to the others because Swathi says so, the first player to get rid of his/her last card wins the hand and scores points for the cards held by the other players. Number cards count their value, all action cards count 20. If a Draw Two or Wild Draw Four card is played to go out, If a player picks up an extra card he or she must keep the card
43.
Bandai Namco Entertainment
–
Bandai Namco Entertainment Inc. is an arcade, mobile and home video game publisher, based in Japan. The company also publishes video, music and other entertainment products related to its video game IPs and it is the product of a merger between the video game development divisions of Bandai and Namco. Originally referred to in the West as Namco Bandai Games, the company was renamed as Bandai Namco Games in January 2014. In December 2014, Bandai Namco Holdings announced that it would be changing its gaming division name from Bandai Namco Games to Bandai Namco Entertainment and it is the core company of Bandai Namco Groups Content Strategic Business Unit. In addition to its core operations in Japan, Bandai Namco Games publishes content worldwide through different entities. The company has its headquarters in Shinagawa, Tokyo, in early 2005, Namco Ltd. and Bandai Co. Ltd. announced plans to combine their operations. The merger took effect on September 29 of that same year, on March 31,2006, the video games division of Bandai was merged with Namco and renamed Namco Bandai Games. On January 2,2006, Namco Hometek and Bandai Games were merged and renamed, in the United States, on April 1,2008, Banprestos video game operations were absorbed by Namco Bandai Games. On April 1,2009, Bandai Networks, Namco Bandais mobile phone business, was dissolved and absorbed into Namco Bandai Games. In 2010, Namco Bandai Games entered the Guinness World Records for being the company released the most TV commercials for the same product. They created 100 versions of the ad as the game consists of 100 chapters, in early 2011, Namco Networks was absorbed to Namco Bandai Games America, effectively consolidating Namco Bandais American console, handheld and mobile video game development operations. On April 2,2012, Namco Bandai Games spun off its development operations into a new company called Namco Bandai Studios, the new company was spurred by Namco Bandais interest in faster development times and tighter cohesion between disparate development teams. It will comprise approximately 1,000 employees, who are part of Namco Bandai. In March 2013, Namco Bandai Games established two new game studios, the first, Namco Bandai Studios Singapore, will be Namco Bandais leading development center in Asia and develop game content for the Asia Pacific. On January 25,2014, Namco Bandai Games and Namco Bandai Studios announced that the companies would be known as Bandai Namco Games and Bandai Namco Studios worldwide, the change is intended to unify the brand internationally in order to increase the value and appeal of the name. In December 2014, the company announced in a release that the full company name will be changed to Bandai Namco Entertainment on April 1,2015. Bandai Namco Entertainment, plays the role of expanding the content business, both companies cooperate to provide products and services around the world. However, Bandai Namco Entertainment spun off its video games and related entertainment development to Bandai Namco Studios in April 2012, in addition to its core publisher operations in Japan, Bandai Namco Entertainment publishes content worldwide through different entities
44.
Needham B. Broughton High School
–
Broughton High School, commonly known as Broughton High School, is one of the flagship schools of the Wake County Public School System. It is located at 723 St. Marys Street, Raleigh, North Carolina, Broughton was named after the Raleigh businessman and politician, Needham B. Broughton, who contributed much to the schools of the area. Broughton was ranked 690th in Newsweeks list of the top United States schools in 2007 and it runs on a 4x4 modified block schedule. Broughton is known for its castle-like stone facade and tall bell tower, the architect was William Henley Deitrick, FAIA. Broughton High School was established in 1929 as then-Raleigh High School and it is the oldest high school in Raleigh still being used. It offers over 25 Advanced Placement courses to challenge the upper tier of its students, the school offers four foreign languages, French, German, Mandarin and Spanish. Broughton has produced eight University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Morehead-Cain Scholars, broughtons sports teams play under the name Capitals, sometimes shortened to Caps. The school has 18 varsity teams compete with other 4A schools in the Cap-8 Conference. Broughtons main sports facilities are the 3, 000-seat Capital Stadium, in 2013, Broughton finished second in the Under Armor Finding Undeniable competition, which is a $140,000 prize toward a high school athletic program. Broughtons historical rival is William G. Enloe High School, Broughton strives to produce strong academic and athletic programs, and have a strong arts program. It has a well known band, orchestra, and chorus, the Carolina Spirit show choir was known as the top show choir in the country during the 1990s, winning six consecutive Showstoppers National/International Championships. In 2007 the drama department, led by Bill Hagen, created a production of Lorraine Hansberrys 1959 Broadway play A Raisin in the Sun, broughtons award-winning band program has attended the 2008 and 2012 Tournament of Roses Parades. The 186 member band was one of fifteen bands selected to participate for the 2008 parade and they are the first Raleigh band and the fourth North Carolina band to be invited. They were invited to march at the Inaugural Parade for N. C, the Jazz I group also performed for President Barack Obama during his visit to Raleigh on July 29,2009. The band is under the direction of Ms. Margie Harrison who took over after Jeffery Richardson retired in 2012 after 34 years in charge, broughtons orchestra program is under the direction of Mr. Greg Logan. Broughton has a strong program that includes the annual yearbook. The yearbook is named the Latipac which is Capital spelled backwards, the 30-some member staff works around the clock all year to publish the Latipac and distribute it to students each May
45.
Nursing
–
Nursing is a profession within the health care sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life. Nurses may be differentiated from other health care providers by their approach to patient care, training, Nurses practice in many specialisms with differing levels of prescriber authority. Many nurses provide care within the scope of physicians. However, nurses are permitted by most jurisdictions to practice independently in a variety of settings depending on training level, Nurses may help coordinate the patient care performed by other members of an interdisciplinary health care team such as therapists, medical practitioners and dietitians. Nurses provide care both interdependently, for example, with physicians, and independently as nursing professionals, Nursing historians face the challenge of determining whether care provided to the sick or injured in antiquity was nursing care. In the fifth century BC, for example, the Hippocratic Collection in places describes skilled care and observation of patients by male attendants, who may have been early nurses. Hence, any one desirous of acquiring a knowledge of anatomy should prepare a dead body and carefully, observe, by dissecting it. Before the foundation of modern nursing, members of religious orders such as nuns, examples exist in Christian, Islamic and Buddhist traditions amongst others. Phoebe, mentioned in Romans 16 has been described in sources as the first visiting nurse. These traditions were influential in the development of the ethos of modern nursing, the religious roots of modern nursing remain in evidence today in many countries. One example in the United Kingdom is the use of the sister to refer to a senior nurse. During the Reformation of the 16th century, Protestant reformers shut down the monasteries and convents and those nuns who had been serving as nurses were given pensions or told to get married and stay home. Nursing care went to the inexperienced as traditional caretakers, rooted in the Roman Catholic Church, were removed from their positions, the nursing profession suffered a major setback for approximately 200 years. Florence Nightingale laid the foundations of professional nursing during the Crimean War and her Notes on Nursing became popular. Agnes Jones, who established a training regime at the Brownlow Hill infirmary, Liverpool. In turn, the modern movement began in Germany in 1836. Within a half century, there were over 5,000 deaconesses in Europe, formal use of nurses in the modern military began in the latter half of the nineteenth century. Nurses saw active duty in the First Boer War, the Egyptian Campaign, hospital-based training came to the fore in the early 1900s, with an emphasis on practical experience
46.
Delta Sigma Theta
–
Delta Sigma Theta is a not-for profit Greek-lettered sorority of college-educated women dedicated to public service with an emphasis on programs that target the African American community. DST was founded on January 13,1913, by 22 collegiate women at Howard University in Washington, membership is open to any woman who meets the requirements, regardless of religion, race, or nationality. Women may join through undergraduate chapters at a college or university, the current 25th national president is Dr. Paulette Camille Walker. The first public act of Delta Sigma Theta was the Womens Suffrage March in Washington D. C. on March 3,1913, today, it is the largest African-American Greek-lettered organization. Since its founding, DST has been at the forefront of creating programming to improve political, education, in addition to establishing independent programming, the sorority consistently collaborates with community organizations and corporations to further its programming goals. The new initiates wanted to establish an organization, enlarge the scope of the sororitys activities. They felt Alpha Kappa Alpha was solely a derivative of the Beta Chapter of Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity with no individual meaning and were not Greek distinctive letters. They also wanted to change the symbols, change the sorority colors, in 1912, these 22 undergraduates voted to change the organizations name to Delta Sigma Theta. This new name was to reflect the desire to change the direction of the group. The 22 undergraduate Alpha Chapter students sought to move towards social activism and greater public service, according to Delta Sigma Thetas historian Paula Giddings, the 22 young women were concerned that since Alpha Kappa Alpha was not incorporated, there was no legal entity. Since there was no charter, there was no authority to other chapters. The 22 declined and unanimously voted to reorganize, even prior to Delta Sigma Theta being approved by the Howard University administration, thus Delta Sigma Theta was founded on January 13,1913, by the 22 students. On January 20,1930, the organizations Grand Chapter was nationally incorporated, Delta Sigma Theta was one of the key African American organizations to participate in the Womens Suffrage March on March 3,1913. Immediately following the founding, Delta Sigma Theta members quickly mobilized to build and develop infrastructure, one of the first orders of business was to have an oath, which was written by Mary Church Terrell in 1914. In the early years, individual chapters would implement various programs to meet the needs of their local communities, the 1920s began a decade of significant development within Delta Sigma Theta. The organization began to develop uniformity in programming and communication between the chapters of the sorority, in 1920, May Week was inaugurated and the Official Publication of the Sorority was established as The Delta. Also in 1920, Omega Chapter was established to recognize deceased Sorors, Alexander was voted first Honorary Grand President of Delta Sigma Theta. The Official Delta Sigma Theta Hymn, written by Florence Cole Talbert, regions were established in 1925, and the Jabberwock was established as the scholarship fundraiser
47.
San Gabriel, California
–
San Gabriel is a city in Los Angeles County, California. It is named after the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, founded by Junípero Serra, the city grew outward from the mission and in 1852 became the original township of Los Angeles County. San Gabriel was incorporated in 1913, the citys motto is A city with a Mission and it is often called the Birthplace of the Los Angeles metropolitan area. At the 2010 census, the population was 39,718, prior to the arrival of the Spanish to Alta California, the area that is now San Gabriel was inhabited by the Tongva Native Americans, whom the Spanish called the Gabrieleño. The Tongva name for the San Gabriel region has been reconstructed as Shevaa and he was appointed as Californias governor twice, serving briefly in 1832 and again from 1845 through the Mexican-American War. Later in life, he was elected as a Los Angeles City councilman, the city of Pico Rivera was named to honor him as the last governor of California to be born in Mexico. In 1853, a company of Army Engineers, who included the geologist William P. Blake, Blake observed that the once great vineyards had fallen into wild disarray. Fences were in disrepair, and animals roamed freely through the property, but, the mission bells were ringing, and the church was still in use. In the first United States census made in California in 1860,586 people lived in San Gabriel, by the time of General Law Incorporation on April 24,1913, the citys population had grown to 1,500. San Gabriel is located at 34°5′39″N 118°5′54″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.1 square miles, virtually all of it land. The city is bordered on the north by San Marino, on the east by Temple City and Rosemead, to the south by Rosemead and this region experiences warm and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 71.6 °F. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, San Gabriel has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, the 2010 United States Census reported that San Gabriel had a population of 39,718. The population density was 9,581.5 people per square mile. The racial makeup of San Gabriel was 24,091 Asian,10,076 White,388 African American,220 Native American,43 Pacific Islander,3,762 from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10,189 persons. The Census reported that 39,266 people lived in households,34 lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, there were 481 unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 76 same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,121 households were made up of individuals and 800 had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 3.13. There were 9,594 families, the family size was 3.47. The median age was 40.3 years, for every 100 females there were 93.2 males
48.
Wells Fargo
–
Wells Fargo & Company is an American international banking and financial services holding company headquartered in San Francisco, California, with hubquarters throughout the country. It is the worlds second-largest bank by market capitalization and the third largest bank in the U. S. by assets, Wells Fargo surpassed Citigroup Inc. to become the third-largest U. S. bank by assets at the end of 2015. Wells Fargo is the second-largest bank in deposits, home mortgage servicing, the firms primary U. S. operating subsidiary is national bank Wells Fargo Bank, N. A. which designates its main office as Sioux Falls, South Dakota. In 2016, Wells Fargo ranked 7th on the Forbes Magazine Global 2000 list of largest public companies in the world, in 2015, the company was ranked the 22nd most admired company in the world, and the 7th most respected company in the world. As of October 2015, the company had a rating of AA−. However, for a period in 2007, the company was the only AAA-rated bank. Along with JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America, and Citigroup, as of December 31,2015, it had 8,700 retail branches and 13,000 automated teller machines. The company operates across 35 countries and has over 70 million customers globally, in February 2014, Wells Fargo was named the worlds most valuable bank brand for the second year running in The Banker and Brand Finance study of the top 500 banking brands. In December 2016, following the scandal, the company amended its by-laws to separate the roles of chairman, in January 2017, it emerged that Wells Fargo had kept its talks with the U. S. Consumer Financial Protection Bureau about the fake account investigation silent from shareholders for up to six months beginning as early as March 2016. A regulatory filing by Wells Fargo revealed in November 2016 that it was under investigation by the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission in relation to its accounts sales practices. Also in November 2016, three U. S. senators alleged that Wells Fargos sales scandal had extended from retail bankers to its employees. Wells Fargo delineates three different business segments when reporting results, Community Banking, Wholesale Banking, and Wealth, Brokerage, the Community Banking segment includes Regional Banking, Diversified Products, and the Consumer Deposits groups, as well as Wells Fargo Customer Connection. Wells Fargo also has around 2,000 stand-alone mortgage branches throughout the country, in March 2017, Wells Fargo announced a plan to offer smartphone-based transactions with mobile wallets including Wells Fargo Wallet, Android Pay and Samsung Pay. Wells Fargo Home Mortgage is the largest retail mortgage lender in the United States, as of Q32011, originating one out of every four home loans. Wells Fargo services $1.8 trillion in home mortgages, the 2nd largest servicing portfolio in the U. S. Now, in 2013 its share is closer to 22%, of which eight percentage points is aggregation. Wells Fargo private student loans are available to students to pay for college expenses, such as, tuition, books, computers. Loans are available for undergraduate, career and community colleges, graduate school, law school, Wells Fargo also provides private student loan consolidation and student loans for parents
49.
Marines
–
Marine forces evolved to specialize in the skills and capabilities required for amphibious warfare. In the earliest day of naval warfare, there was little distinction between sailors and soldiers on a warship, in ancient China, the first well-known naval battles took place during the Warring States period, where kings ruling regional states battled against one another. Chinese naval warfare in ancient period featured grapple-and-hook, as well as ramming tactics with ships called stomach strikers. The Roman Navys two fleet legions, I Adiutrix and II Adiutrix, were among the first distinct naval infantry units, Marines of Italy was created as Fanti da Mar in 1550 in the Republic of Venice. The third oldest marine corps in the world was founded as the Terço of the Navy of the Crown of Portugal in 1618, predecessor to the modern Portuguese Marine Corps. The word marine is from the English adjective marine, meaning of the sea, via French marin, of the sea from Latin marinus itself from mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri. The word marine was used for the forces of England. Typically, foreign equivalents are called naval infantry or coastal infantry, the word marine/marina means navy in many European languages such as Dutch, French, Italian, German, Spanish, Danish and Norwegian. Marine units primarily deploy from warships using boats, landing craft, hovercraft, specialist units are also trained in combat diving/combat swimming and parachuting. As well as operations, marine troops are also used in a variety of other. The Argentine Marine Corps is a part of the Argentine Navy, Argentine marines have the same rank insignia and titles as the rest of the navy. It is composed of a marine force, a southern marine force, a river operations battalion. The Argentine Marine Corps dates from 1827 when an infantry battalion was raised. This was expanded in 1880 but seven years later the corps was merged with the existing coast artillery, a series of reorganizations followed until responsibility for coastal defense was passed to the Argentine Army in 1898. Between 1935 and 1938 the marines reappeared in the form of five battalions of Marine Infantry, in 1968 the Infanteria de Marina was reorganized as a separate corps distinct from both Navy and Army. The 5th Battalion of the Argentine Marines fought in the Falklands War, the Bolivian Naval Force includes about 2,000 naval infantry personnel and marines. These are organised in the Almirante Grau Battalion, located at Tiquina on Lake Titicaca, the Corps of Naval Fusiliers, with about 15,000 men, is subordinate to the Brazilian Navy. The marine corps is composed of a brigade and some guard
.jpg)
