1.
User community
–
Some of the most pervasive virtual communities are online communities operating under social networking services. The term virtual community is attributed to the book of the title published by Howard Rheingold in 1993. The books discussion ranges from Rheingolds adventures on The WELL, computer-mediated communication and social groups, Technologies cited include Usenet, MUDs and their derivatives MUSHes and MOOs, Internet Relay Chat, chat rooms and electronic mailing lists. Rheingold also points out the benefits for personal psychological well-being, as well as for society at large. Virtual communities all encourage interaction, sometimes focusing around a particular interest or just to communicate, Community members are allowed to interact over a shared passion through various means, message boards, chat rooms, social networking sites, or virtual worlds. The traditional definition of a community is of geographically circumscribed entity, Virtual communities are usually dispersed geographically, and therefore are not communities under the original definition. Some online communities are linked geographically, and are known as community websites, however, if one considers communities to simply possess boundaries of some sort between their members and non-members, then a virtual community is certainly a community. Virtual communities resemble real life communities in the sense that they provide support, information, friendship and acceptance between strangers. In the seventeenth century, scholars associated with the Royal Society of London formed a community through the exchange of letters. Community without propinquity, coined by urban planner Melvin Webber in 1963, Virtual communities are used for a variety of social and professional groups, interaction between community members vary from personal to purely formal. For example, a distribution list operates on an informational level. The explosive diffusion of the Internet since the mid-1990s fostered the proliferation of virtual communities in the form of social networking services, Online communities depend upon social interaction and exchange between users online. This interaction emphasizes the reciprocity element of the social contract between community members. Concerns with a virtual communitys tendency to promote less socializing include, verbal aggression and inhibitions, promotion of suicide, however, studies regarding the health effects of these communities did not show any negative effects. There was a high rate of participants in the study. The health-related effects are not clear because of the lack of thoroughness, rather, recent studies have looked into development of health related communities and their impact on those already suffering health issues. These forms of social networks allow for open conversation between individuals who are going through similar experiences, whether themselves or in their family. Such sites have in fact grown in popularity, so much so that now many health care providers are forming groups for their patients and these sites prove especially useful when related to rare medical conditions
User community
–
A PLATO V terminal in 1981 displaying RankTrek application
User community
–
Sociology
User community
–
An example of an IRC chat session on Xaric, a text-based client. Shown are two IRC channels and a private conversation.
User community
–
Facebook on the Ad-tech 2010
2.
Warner Bros. Entertainment
–
Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
Warner Bros. Entertainment
Warner Bros. Entertainment
–
Warner Bros.
Warner Bros. Entertainment
–
Lobby card from Open Your Eyes (1919)
Warner Bros. Entertainment
–
Lobby card from
The Beautiful and Damned (1922)
3.
Time Warner
–
Time Warner Inc. is an American multinational media and entertainment conglomerate headquartered in New York City. It is currently the third largest entertainment company in terms of revenue, after Comcast. It was also once the worlds largest media conglomerate, Time Warner was first founded in 1990 with the merger of Time Inc. and Warner Communications. The current company consists largely of the assets of the former Warner Communications, Time Warner currently has major operations in film and television, with a limited amount in publishing operations. Among its most popular assets are HBO, Turner Broadcasting System, The CW Television Network, CNN, DC Comics, and as of August 2016, Hulu, owning 10%. In the past, other divisions of Time Warner included Time Inc. AOL, Time Warner Cable, Warner Books and Warner Music Group, all of these operations were either sold to other investors or spun off as independent companies from 2004 to 2014. On October 22,2016, AT&T announced its intent to acquire Time Warner for $108.7 billion. A strike by the Writers Guild of America and the Alliance of Motion Picture, Time Warner consists of three divisions, Home Box Office Inc. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. and Warner Bros. Home Box Office Inc. operates the namesake HBO premium television service as well as sister service Cinemax, hBO- and Cinemax-branded channels are currently available in over 70 countries around the world, and HBO programming is licensed to other television networks in over 150 countries. In 2012, HBO was the #1 premium pay television service in primetime television, in 2013, the network received five Golden Globes and 23 primetime Emmy Awards. HBO’s programming includes the airing of feature films, HBO Documentary Films, HBO original films, the network has developed content distribution platforms, like HBO GO and Max GO to help support and deliver programming to users via online and mobile devices. In 2011, Cinemax launched its first original series, Strike Back. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. operates international news, entertainment, animation, young adult, Turner brands include CNN, HLN, TNT, TBS, Cartoon Network, Turner Classic Movies, truTV, Turner Sports, and more. Turners brands and sub brands reach broad domestic and international audiences, in addition to television network programming, Turner manages digital sports entities, including bleacherreport. com NBA. com, PGA. com and NCAA. com. Turner Sports produces sports programming and content for the Turner Networks, Turner Sports’ television line-up includes NBA and MLB games, the NCAA Tournament Games, and the PGA Championship. Turner operates PGA. com and related properties of the PGA under agreements with the PGA. Pictures Group grossed 4.3 billion dollars at the box office
Time Warner
–
View of the
Time Warner Center taken from Central Park West
4.
Comcast
–
Comcast Corporation is an American global telecommunications conglomerate that is the largest broadcasting and cable television company in the world by revenue. Comcast services U. S. residential and commercial customers in 40 states, the companys headquarters are located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The first Universal theme park outside of the U. S, Universal Studios Japan, opened in 2001, followed by Universal Studios Singapore in 2011. Few new locations are being planned or developed for future operation, Comcast also has significant holdings in digital distribution. In February 2014 the company agreed to merge with Time Warner Cable in an equity swap deal worth $45.2 billion, under the terms of the agreement Comcast was to acquire 100% of Time Warner Cable. However, on April 24,2015, Comcast terminated the agreement, Comcast has been criticized for multiple reasons, the companys customer satisfaction often ranks among the lowest in the cable industry. Critics also point out a lack of competition in the vast majority of Comcasts service area, furthermore, given Comcasts negotiating power as a large ISP, some suspect that Comcast could leverage paid peering agreements to unfairly influence end-user connection speeds. And its ownership of content production and content distribution has raised antitrust concerns. These issues, in addition to others, led to Comcast being dubbed The Worst Company in America by The Consumerist in 2010 and 2014. Despite being publicly-traded, Comcast is a business, with the Ralph J Roberts family owning 33% controlling stake. Comcast is sometimes described as a family business, Brian L. Roberts, Chairman, President, and CEO of Comcast, is the son of co-founder Ralph Roberts. Roberts owns or controls just over 1% of all Comcast shares but all of the Class B supervoting shares, legal expert Susan P. Crawford has said this gives him effective control over every step. In 2010, he was one of the highest paid executives in the United States, Comcast is headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and also has corporate offices in Atlanta, Detroit, Denver, and Manchester, New Hampshire. On January 3,2005, Comcast announced that it would become the tenant in the new Comcast Center in downtown Philadelphia. The 975 ft skyscraper is the tallest building in Pennsylvania, Comcast has begun construction on a second 1,121 ft skyscraper directly adjacent to the original Comcast headquarters in the summer of 2014. The company is criticized by both the media and its own staff for its less upstanding policies regarding employee relations. A2012 Reddit post written by an anonymous Comcast call center employee eager to share their experiences with the public received attention from publications including The Huffington Post. A2014 investigative series published by The Verge involved interviews with 150 of Comcasts employees and it sought to examine why the company has become so widely criticized by its customers, the media and even members of its own staff
Comcast
–
Comcast Center in
Center City,
Philadelphia,
PA
Comcast
–
Comcast service van,
Ypsilanti Township, Michigan
5.
NBCUniversal
–
NBCUniversal is an American multinational media conglomerate. It has a significant presence in broadcasting through a portfolio of domestic and international properties, including terrestrial, via the Universal Parks & Resorts division, the company is also the third-largest operator of amusement parks in the world. NBC Universal was formed on May 12,2004 by the merger of General Electrics National Broadcasting Company with Vivendis Vivendi Universal Entertainment, as of March 19,2013, it is wholly owned by Comcast who bought GEs ownership stake. NBC and Universal Television had a long-standing partnership dating back to 1950 and this partnership continued throughout a number of name changes and changes of ownership. NBC Universal Television has its roots in a series of expansions undertaken by NBC. In the late 1980s, NBC began pursuing a strategy of diversification, NBC also had partial ownership of several regional sports channels and other cable channels such as American Movie Classics and Court TV. In 1995, NBC began operating NBC Desktop Video, a news service that delivered live video to personal computers. The following year, NBC announced an agreement with Microsoft to create an all-news cable television channel, a separate joint venture with Microsoft included establishing a news website, MSNBC. com. In 1998, NBC partnered with Dow Jones & Co, the two companies combined their financial news channels outside the US. The new networks included NBC Europe, CNBC Europe, NBC Asia, CNBC Asia, NBC Africa, in 1999, NBC took a 32% stake in the Paxson group, operator of PAX TV. Five years later, NBC decided to sell its interest in PAX TV and end its relationship with PAX owner, in 2001, NBC acquired the US Spanish-language broadcaster Telemundo, which included the bilingual Mun2 Television. That same year NBC acquired the cable channel Bravo, the sale and resulting merger formed NBC Universal. The new company was 80% owned by GE, and 20% owned by Vivendi, Universal Music Group was not included in the deal and is not part of NBC Universal. On August 2,2004, the divisions of NBC. NBC Studios series bought into the company include the NBC dramas Las Vegas, Crossing Jordan, Universal Network Television bought the Law & Order franchise and The District—in fact, Universal Network Television had co-produced American Dreams with NBC before the merger. Entertainment shows produced by the new group include The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, Last Call with Carson Daly, and Saturday Night Live. The formation of NBC Universal saw the establishment of NBC Universal Cable, which oversees the distribution, marketing, NBC Universal Cable also manages the companys investments in The Weather Channel and TiVo. The cable division also used to operate NBC Weather Plus until 2008 and it also owned a 50% stake in Canal+ and also owned a 15% stake in A+E Networks until 2012
NBCUniversal
–
NBCUniversal headquarters at
Comcast Building
NBCUniversal
–
NBC Universal Chicago headquarters (
NBC Tower).
NBCUniversal
–
10 Universal City Plaza in
Universal City,
California.
NBCUniversal
–
The same building in 2015 after the
Comcast NBC merger. Notice the wordings on the top of the building changed.
6.
Alexa Internet
–
Alexa Internet, Inc. is a California-based company that provides commercial web traffic data and analytics. It is an owned subsidiary of Amazon. com. Founded as an independent company in 1996, Alexa was acquired by Amazon in 1999 and its toolbar collects data on browsing behavior and transmits them to the Alexa website, where they are stored and analyzed. This is the basis for the web traffic reporting. According to its website, Alexa provides traffic data, global rankings, as of 2015, its website has been visited by over 6.5 million people monthly. Alexa Internet was founded in April 1996 by American web entrepreneurs Brewster Kahle, Alexa initially offered a toolbar that gave Internet users suggestions on where to go next, based on the traffic patterns of its user community. The company also offered context for each site visited, to whom it was registered, how many pages it had, how other sites pointed to it. Alexas operations grew to include archiving of web pages as they are crawled and this database served as the basis for the creation of the Internet Archive accessible through the Wayback Machine. In 1998, the company donated a copy of the archive, Alexa continues to supply the Internet Archive with Web crawls. In 1999, as the company moved away from its vision of providing an intelligent search engine. Alexa began a partnership with Google in early 2002, and with the web directory DMOZ in January 2003, in May 2006, replaced Google with Bing as a provider of search results. In December 2006, Amazon released Alexa Image Search, built in-house, it was the first major application built on the companys Web platform. In December 2005, Alexa opened its extensive search index and Web-crawling facilities to third-party programs through a set of Web services. These could be used, for instance, to construct vertical search engines that could run on Alexas own servers or elsewhere. In May 2007, Alexa changed their API to limit comparisons to three websites, reduce the size of embedded graphs in Flash, and add mandatory embedded BritePic advertisements. In April 2007, the company filed a lawsuit, Alexa v. Hornbaker, in the lawsuit, Alexa alleged that Ron Hornbaker was stealing traffic graphs for profit, and that the primary purpose of his site was to display graphs that were generated by Alexas servers. Hornbaker removed the term Alexa from his name on March 19,2007. Thereafter, Alexa became a purely analytics-focused company, on March 31,2009, Alexa launched a major website redesign
Alexa Internet
–
Alexa Internet, Inc.
Alexa Internet
–
2014 screenshot of Alexa.com home page
7.
Flixster
–
Flixster is an American social movie site for discovering new movies, learning about movies, and meeting others with similar tastes in movies. The site allows users to view movie trailers as well as learn about the new, the site is based in San Francisco, California and was founded by Joe Greenstein and Saran Chari in 2007. Flixster has been the parent of website Rotten Tomatoes since January 2010, Flixster, including Rotten Tomatoes, was acquired by Fandango on February 17,2016. In February 2016, Fandango acquired Flixster, Fandango began migrating Flixster Video users to its competing service called FandangoNow and will close the Flixster Video service. Between November 2006 and January 2007, the number of page views by Alexa Toolbar users rose from fewer than 20 million per day to around 50 million per day. Alexa no longer provides numbers of page views, but the number of page views as a percentage decreased by almost two thirds from mid-December 2007 to mid-June 2008. Quantcast reports that the number of daily page views for Flixster. com peaked at 8,331,961 on January 23,2008. Flixsters Facebook application, called Movies, has consistently been one of the most popular apps on the site, daily user totals peaked in December 2007. Flixster Collections, an application featuring a content discovery and management system. This was a trend among Facebook applications, attributed to what has been described as app fatigue. Facebook no longer displays daily active use, but instead monthly active use, co-Founder Joe Greenstein has described the difference between Flixster and other sites as, We make it easy to invite your friends. Other sites dont provide good ways for people to spread the word, as a consequence of its policy of emailing users entire address books with advertisements for the site, the website has been criticized on numerous Internet blogs. At one time email from Flixster to Hotmail users was being filtered and deleted as spam, around August 2012, the Flixster website stopped allowing public access. Viewers must log in using an account or Facebook. Recently, Flixster has begun allowing users to watch movies on different platforms via UltraViolet. Bebo, Facebook, MySpace, Orkut Flixster has developed applications for social networking sites. These apps have many of the features as the main Flixster site, such as ratings, reviews. Furthermore, all offered social media integration and mobile app is offered free-of-charge, the first of these applications was released in June 2007 on the Facebook platform
Flixster
–
Flixster, Inc.
8.
Warner Bros
–
Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
Warner Bros
Warner Bros
–
Warner Bros.
Warner Bros
–
Lobby card from Open Your Eyes (1919)
Warner Bros
–
Lobby card from
The Beautiful and Damned (1922)
9.
Fandango (ticket service)
–
Fandango is an American corporation that sells movie tickets via the telephone and the Internet. Fandango charges a premium to use its services, ranging from 75¢ to $2.50, initially, seating was promised for sold-out shows, but this feature was discontinued for most theaters, as not all were equipped to handle reserved seating and will call lines. With ticket prices in areas exceeding US$10. Fandangos advertisements play before previews at participating movie-theater chains and feature lunch bag puppets telling various one- or two-line jokes and riddles centering on the companys name, the company also produced an advertising segment that is based on the song, We are the World. Fandangos website also offers exclusive film clips, trailers, celebrity interviews, reviews by users, movie descriptions, as of March 5,2015, Fandango provides customers with memberships the ability to refund or exchange their orders 2 hours before the showtime of their film. Fandangos Android app was listed among Techlands 50 Best Android Applications for 2013. Industry revenue increased rapidly for years after the companys formation. However, as the Internet grew in popularity, small- and medium-sized movie-theater chains began to offer independent ticket sale capabilities through their own websites. In addition, a new paradigm of moviegoers printing their own tickets at home emerged, in services offered by PrintTixUSA and by point-of-sale software vendor operated web sites like ticketmakers. com. On April 11,2007, Comcast acquired Fandango, with plans to integrate it into a new entertainment website called Fancast. com, in June 2008, the domain Movies. com was acquired from Disney. With Comcasts purchase of a stake in NBCUniversal in January 2011, Fandango, in March 2012, Fandango announced a partnership with Yahoo. Movies, becoming the official online and mobile ticketer serving over 30 million registered users of the Yahoo. service, as part of the deal, Warner Bros. would become a 30% shareholder of the combined Fandango company. In December 2016, Fandango Media purchased Cinepapaya, a Peru-based website for purchasing movie tickets, Fandango is one of two major online advance movie ticket sale sites, along with MovieTickets. com. Along with other partners, Regal founded Fandango partly to prevent the older MovieTickets. com from establishing a monopoly on phone and online ticketing services. Its advertising agency reportedly decided on its name because it sounded fun, kinetic and smart, easily pronounce, mergers of movie chains have complicated matters regarding which company provides online ticketing for a particular chain. Upon Regals acquisition of Consolidated Theatres, that chain was under contract to MovieTickets. com, on the other hand, Regals acquisition of the Hoyts chain resulted in Fandango taking over their online ticketing. Prior to 2012, Fandango did not provide online ticketing for many AMC Theaters, as of February 8,2012, Fandango began providing ticketing for all AMC Theaters in the US, after which MovieTickets. coms fellow shareholders sued AMC for breach of contract. AMC and MovieTickets. com settled in 2013, with an agreement that the theater chains online ticketing would be available on both Fandango and MovieTickets. com, in May 2012, Fandango announced a partnership with Moviefone, former partner of MovieTickets. com
Fandango (ticket service)
–
Fandango
10.
The Young Turks
–
Young Turks was a reform movement during the last years of the Ottoman Empire. Young Turks may also refer to, Young Turks, a group of U. S
The Young Turks
11.
Tomato
–
The tomato is the edible fruit of Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as a tomato plant, which belongs to the nightshade family, Solanaceae. The species originated in Central and South America, the Nahuatl word tomatl gave rise to the Spanish word tomate, from which the English word tomato originates. Numerous varieties of tomato are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing its production throughout the year, the plants typically grow to 1–3 meters in height and have a weak stem that often sprawls over the ground and vines over other plants. It is a perennial in its habitat, and grown as an annual in temperate climates. An average common tomato weighs approximately 100 grams and its use as a food originated in Mexico, and spread throughout the world following the Spanish colonization of the Americas. Tomato is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in dishes, sauces, salads. While tomatoes are botanically fruits, they are considered culinary vegetables. The word tomato comes from the Spanish tomate, which in turn comes from the Nahuatl word tomatl and it first appeared in print in 1595. The native Mexican tomatillo is tomate, meaning fat water or fat thing), when Aztecs started to cultivate the Andean fruit, bigger and red, they called the new species xitomatl. It first appeared in print in 1595, the scientific species epithet lycopersicum means wolf peach, and comes from German werewolf myths. The Italian word, pomodoro was borrowed into Polish, and via Russian, the usual pronunciations of tomato are /təˈmeɪtoʊ/ and /təˈmɑːtoʊ/. The words dual pronunciations were immortalized in Ira and George Gershwins 1937 song Lets Call the Whole Thing Off and have become a symbol for nitpicking pronunciation disputes. In this capacity, it has become an American and British slang term. Or Its all the same to me, botanically, a tomato is a fruit, a berry, consisting of the ovary, together with its seeds, of a flowering plant. However, the tomato has a lower sugar content than other edible fruits. Typically served as part of a salad or main course of a meal, rather than at dessert, it is, in the US, considered a culinary vegetable. One exception is that tomatoes are treated as a fruit in home canning practices, they are acidic enough to process in a water bath rather than a pressure cooker as vegetables require. Tomatoes are not the food source with this ambiguity, bell peppers, cucumbers, green beans, eggplants, avocados
Tomato
–
Tomato
Tomato
–
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicum. Sheet from the oldest tomato collection of Europe, 1542-1544. Naturalis Leiden.
Tomato
–
Tomatoes for sale in a UK supermarket
Tomato
–
Handful of different tomatoes from Ho Farms in
Kahuku, Hawaii.
12.
Current TV
–
Current TV was an American television channel from August 1,2005 to August 20,2013. Al Gore, Joel Hyatt, and Ronald Burkle each held a stake in Current. Comcast and DirecTV each held a smaller stake, the channel started out as a user-generated content channel with content made by viewers in 15-minute blocks. The channel later switched formats to become an independent news network aimed at progressive politics, neither format brought the success that Gore and Hyatt wanted which after multiple alterations in programming resulted in them selling the channel. It also stated it was planning on scrapping the channels programming lineup, Al Jazeera America replaced Current TV on August 20,2013 at 3,00 pm Eastern/2,00 pm Central. The former headquarters is now the home of Al Jazeeras all online digital channel AJ+, after the 2000 U. S. presidential election, Gore and Hyatt wanted to start a conventional cable news network. The plan evolved into making a channel aimed at an audience demographic age 18–34. Other reports said that Gore hoped that the channel would change the tide of consolidation and conglomeratization of the media by leading the change to democratization. The news network was said to be a combination between CNN, MTV, and blipverts, in the summer of 2004, Gore and Hyatt announced their new network, named INdTV, with a series of public recruitment events. The first of these events was held at the Bambuddha Lounge in San Franciscos Tenderloin, on April 4,2005, the former vice president and business partner Hyatt announced that they had changed the name of the network from INdTV to Current. The new television network launched in the United States at midnight EDT on the morning of August 1,2005, the first person heard on the channel was Conor Knighton, a staple during the early years of the channel introducing the channel with the show Google Current. On September 20,2006, Current TV started a partnership with Yahoo. to supply topic-specific channels to the Yahoo Video website. Current Network, the first four channels, Current Buzz, Current Traveler, Current Action, there were Yahoo branded segments on Current TV, similar to the Google Current segments. However, on December 6,2006, Yahoo and Current TV announced the end of their relationship, madeline Smithberg, co-creator of The Daily Show, was the Executive Producer for this project. On October 6,2006, a deal was announced with BSkyB to create a localized UK and this version went live on March 12,2007 on Sky channel 229 and Virgin Media channel 155. In 2007, Current TV started video-on-demand service on Virgin Media, Current TV was also added to the Freewire IPTV network on channel 178. The channel closed on March 11,2012 following BSkyBs withdrawal of support, on January 31,2007, Current TV launched on Dish Network. On September 16,2007, Current TV won an Emmy award for Best Interactive Television Service at the 59th Primetime Emmy Awards and this was the first year in which this Emmy was presented during the primetime broadcast
Current TV
–
Former Current TV Control Room
Current TV
–
Logo from 2011 to the network's closing.
Current TV
–
Current TV Booth in San Mateo 2008
13.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
–
Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
–
Flag
United States
–
The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
–
The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
14.
Jackie Chan
–
Chan Kong-sang, SBS, MBE, PMW, known professionally as Jackie Chan, is a Hong Kong martial artist, actor, film director, producer, stuntman, and singer. In his movies, he is known for his fighting style, comic timing, use of improvised weapons, and innovative stunts. He has trained in Kung Fu and Hapkido and he has been acting since the 1960s and has appeared in over 150 films. Chan has received stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars, and he has been referenced in various pop songs, cartoons, and video games. He is a trained vocalist and is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star, having released a number of albums. He is also a notable philanthropist, in 2015, Forbes magazine estimated his net worth to be $350 million. Chan was born on 7 April 1954, in British Hong Kong, as Chan Kong-sang, to Charles and Lee-Lee Chan and his mother or parents nicknamed him Pao-pao Chinese, 炮炮 because the energetic child was always rolling around. His parents worked for the French ambassador in Hong Kong, Chan attended the Nah-Hwa Primary School on Hong Kong Island, where he failed his first year, after which his parents withdrew him from the school. In 1960, his father emigrated to Canberra, Australia, to work as the cook for the American embassy, and Chan was sent to the China Drama Academy. Chan trained rigorously for the decade, excelling in martial arts. He eventually became part of the Seven Little Fortunes, a group made up of the schools best students. Chan became close friends with group members Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao. After entering the industry, Chan along with Sammo Hung got the opportunity to train in hapkido under the grand master Jin Pal Kim. Jackie Chan also trained in other styles of arts such as Karate, Judo, Taekwondo. He began his career by appearing in roles at the age of five as a child actor. At age eight, he appeared with some of his fellow Little Fortunes in the film Big, Chan appeared with Li again the following year, in The Love Eterne and had a small role in King Hus 1966 film Come Drink with Me. In 1971, after an appearance as an extra in another kung fu film, A Touch of Zen, at seventeen, he worked as a stuntman in the Bruce Lee films Fist of Fury and Enter the Dragon under the stage name Chan Yuen Lung. He received his first starring role later that year in Little Tiger of Canton that had a release in Hong Kong in 1973
Jackie Chan
–
Chan at the Cannes Film Festival in 2008
Jackie Chan
–
Jackie Chan began his film career as a
stuntman in the
Bruce Lee films
Fist of Fury (1972) and
Enter the Dragon (1973, pictured).
Jackie Chan
–
Jet Li and Jackie Chan
Jackie Chan
–
Jackie Chan on the set of Chinese Zodiac (May 2, 2012)
15.
Netscape
–
When it was an independent company, its headquarters were in Mountain View, California. Netscapes web browser was dominant in terms of usage share. The usage share of Netscape had fallen from over ninety percent in the mid-1990s to less than one percent by the end of 2006, Netscape stock traded from 1995 until 1999 when it was acquired by AOL in a pooling-of-interests transaction ultimately worth US $10 billion. Shortly before its acquisition by AOL, Netscape released the code for its browser. The Mozilla Organization rewrote the entire source code based on the Gecko rendering engine. The Gecko engine would later be used to power the Mozilla Foundations Firefox browser, under AOL, Netscapes browser development continued until December 2007 when AOL announced that the company would stop supporting the Netscape browser as of early 2008. As of 2011, AOL has continued to use the Netscape brand to market a discount Internet service provider, Netscape was the first company to attempt to capitalize on the nascent World Wide Web. The first meeting between Clark and Andreessen was never truly about a software or service like Netscape, but more about a product that was similar to Nintendo, Clark recruited other early team members from SGI and NCSA Mosaic. Jim Barksdale came on board as CEO in January 1995, jim Clark and Marc Andreessen originally created a 20-page concept pitch for an online gaming network to Nintendo for the Nintendo 64 console, but a deal was never reached. Marc Andreessen explains, If they had shipped a year earlier, the companys first product was the web browser, called Mosaic Netscape 0.9, released on October 13,1994. Within four months of its release, it had already taken three-quarters of the browser market and it became the main browser for Internet users in such a short time due to its superiority over other competition, like Mosaic. The Mosaic Netscape web browser did not use any NCSA Mosaic code, the internal codename for the companys browser was Mozilla, which stood for Mosaic killer, as the companys goal was to displace NCSA Mosaic as the worlds number one web browser. A cartoon Godzilla-like lizard mascot was drawn by artist-employee Dave Titus, the Mozilla mascot featured prominently on Netscapes web site in the companys early years. However, the need to project a professional image led to this being removed. On August 9,1995, Netscape made an extremely successful IPO, the stock was set to be offered at US$14 per share, but a last-minute decision doubled the initial offering to US$28 per share. The stocks value soared to US$75 during the first day of trading, the stock closed at US$58.25, which gave Netscape a market value of US$2.9 billion. While it was unusual for a company to go public prior to becoming profitable, Netscapes revenues had, in fact, the success of this IPO subsequently inspired the use of the term Netscape moment to describe a high-visibility IPO that signals the dawn of a new industry. During this period, Netscape also pursued a publicity strategy packaging Andreessen as the rock star
Netscape
–
Netscape Communications
Netscape
–
Original green and purple
Mozilla mascot, a
Godzilla -like lizard which represented the company's goal of producing the browser that would be the "Mosaic killer".
16.
Yahoo!
–
Yahoo Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. Yahoo was founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994 and was incorporated on March 2,1995, Yahoo was one of the pioneers of the early internet era in the 1990s. Marissa Mayer, a former Google executive, Google Employee number 20 and it is globally known for its Web portal, search engine Yahoo. Search, and related services, including Yahoo, answers, advertising, online mapping, video sharing, fantasy sports, and its social media website. It is one of the most popular sites in the United States, according to news sources, roughly 700 million people visit Yahoo websites every month. Yahoo itself claims it attracts more than half a billion consumers every month in more than 30 languages, in January 1994 Yang and Filo were electrical engineering graduate students at Stanford University, when they created a website named Jerry and Davids guide to the World Wide Web. The site was a directory of websites, organized in a hierarchy. In March 1994, Jerry and Davids Guide to the World Wide Web was renamed Yahoo, the yahoo. com domain was created on January 18,1995. The word yahoo is a backronym for Yet Another Hierarchically Organized Oracle or Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle, the term hierarchical described how the Yahoo database was arranged in layers of subcategories. However, Filo and Yang insist they mainly selected the name because they liked the definition of a yahoo, rude, unsophisticated. This meaning derives from the Yahoo race of beings from Gullivers Travels. Yahoo grew rapidly throughout the 1990s, like many search engines and web directories, Yahoo added a web portal. By 1998, Yahoo was the most popular starting point for web users and it also made many high-profile acquisitions. Its stock price skyrocketed during the bubble, Yahoo stocks closing at an all-time high of $118.75 a share on January 3,2000. However, after the bubble burst, it reached a post-bubble low of $8.11 on September 26,2001. Yahoo began using Google for search in 2000, over the next four years, it developed its own search technologies, which it began using in 2004. In response to Googles Gmail, Yahoo began to offer unlimited email storage in 2007, the company struggled through 2008, with several large layoffs. In February 2008, Microsoft Corporation made a bid to acquire Yahoo for $44.6 billion
Yahoo!
–
Jerry Yang and David Filo, the founders of Yahoo
Yahoo!
–
Protest against the mass surveillance by the
NSA
Yahoo!
–
Yahoo's
Bangalore office
17.
USA Today
–
USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company. Founded by Al Neuharth on September 15,1982, it operates from Gannetts corporate headquarters on Jones Branch Drive in McLean, Virginia and it is printed at 37 sites across the United States and at five additional sites internationally. USA Today is distributed in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, with an international edition distributed in Canada, Asia and the Pacific Islands, Gannett formally announced the launch of the paper on April 20,1982. USA Today began publishing on September 15,1982, initially launching in the Baltimore and Washington, on July 2,1984, the newspaper switched from a largely black-and-white to a color publication, featuring full color photography and graphics in all four sections. On April 8,1985, the paper published its first special bonus section, a 12-page section called Baseball 85, on May 6,1986, USA Today began printing production of its international edition in Switzerland. On April 15, USA Today launched an international printing site. On August 28,1995, an international publishing site was launched in Frankfurt, Germany, to print. On October 4,1999, USA Today began running advertisements on its front page for the first time. The paper launched a sixth printing site for its international edition on May 15,2000, in Milan, Italy, followed on July 10 by the launch of a printing facility in Charleroi. That November, USA Today migrated its operations from Gannetts previous corporate headquarters in Arlington, in 2010, USA Today launched the USA Today API for sharing data with partners of all types. On August 27,2010, USA Today announced that it would undergo a reorganization of its newsroom and it also announced that the paper would shift its focus away from print and place more emphasis on its digital platforms and launch of a new publication called USA Today Sports. On September 14,2012, USA Today underwent the first major redesign in its history, to accomplish this goal, Gannett migrated its newspaper and television station websites to the Presto platform and the USA Today site design throughout 2013 and 2014. On January 4,2014, USA Today acquired the book and film review website, on September 3,2014, USA Today announced that it would lay off roughly 70 employees in a restructuring of its newsroom and business operations. In October 2014, USA Today and OpenWager Inc. entered into a partnership to release a Bingo app called USA TODAY Bingo Cruise, USA Today is known for synthesizing news down to easy-to-read-and-comprehend stories. In the main edition circulated in the United States and some Canadian cities, each consists of four sections, News, Money, Sports. The international edition of the paper features two sections, News and Money in one, with Sports and Life in the other, atypical of most daily newspapers, the paper does not print on Saturdays and Sundays, the Friday edition serves as the weekend edition. USA Today prints each complete story on the front page of the section with the exception of the cover story. The cover story is a story that requires a jump
USA Today
–
The April 14, 2015 front page of USA Today. The blue circle of the logo has been turned into a dotted ring with a hat being tossed into it to signify
Marco Rubio's announcement that he is running for
President of the United States.
USA Today
–
USA Today
USA Today
–
This February 5, 2009 issue of USA Today shows the old layout and logo of the paper prior to it being redesigned in 2012.
USA Today
–
USA Today is headquartered in
Tysons Corner, Virginia.
18.
University of California, Berkeley
–
The University of California, Berkeley, is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. In 1960s, UC Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the Anti-Vietnam War Movement led by its students. S, Department of Energy, and is home to many world-renowned research institutes and organizations including Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and Space Sciences Laboratory. Faculty member J. R. Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, Lawrence Livermore Lab also discovered or co-discovered six chemical elements. The Academic Ranking of World Universities also ranks the University of California, Berkeley, third in the world overall, in 1866, the private College of California purchased the land comprising the current Berkeley campus. Ten faculty members and almost 40 students made up the new University of California when it opened in Oakland in 1869, billings was a trustee of the College of California and suggested that the college be named in honor of the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley. In 1870, Henry Durant, the founder of the College of California, with the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 22 female students and held its first classes. In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, by the 1920s, the number of campus buildings had grown substantially, and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard. Robert Gordon Sproul served as president from 1930 to 1958, by 1942, the American Council on Education ranked UC Berkeley second only to Harvard University in the number of distinguished departments. During World War II, following Glenn Seaborgs then-secret discovery of plutonium, UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942. Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley is now a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, originally, military training was compulsory for male undergraduates, and Berkeley housed an armory for that purpose. In 1917, Berkeleys ROTC program was established, and its School of Military Aeronautics trained future pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle, both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand graduated from UC Berkeleys ROTC program, earning B. A. degrees in 1937 and 1938, in 1926, future fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps unit at Berkeley. The Board of Regents ended compulsory military training at Berkeley in 1962, during the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath. A number of faculty members objected and were dismissed, ten years passed before they were reinstated with back pay, in 1952, the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus. Each campus was given autonomy and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul assumed presidency of the entire University of California system, Berkeley gained a reputation for student activism in the 1960s with the Free Speech Movement of 1964 and opposition to the Vietnam War. In the highly publicized Peoples Park protest in 1969, students and the school conflicted over use of a plot of land, then governor of California Ronald Reagan called the Berkeley campus a haven for communist sympathizers, protesters, and sex deviants. Modern students at Berkeley are less active, with a greater percentage of moderates and conservatives
University of California, Berkeley
–
View, from Memorial Glade, of Sather Tower (The Campanile), the center of UC Berkeley. The ring of its bells and clock can be heard from all over campus.
University of California, Berkeley
–
Seal of the University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
–
UC Berkeley Students participate in a one-day Peace Strike opposing U.S. involvement in World War II. April 19, 1940
University of California, Berkeley
–
Sather Tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and
Mount Tamalpais.
19.
Berkeley, California
–
Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County, California. It is named after the 18th-century Anglo-Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley and it borders the cities of Oakland and Emeryville to the south and the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington to the north. Its eastern border with Contra Costa County generally follows the ridge of the Berkeley Hills, the 2010 census recorded a population of 112,580. It also has the Graduate Theological Union, one of the largest religious studies institutions in the world and it is one of the most politically liberal cities in the United States. The site of todays City of Berkeley was the territory of the Chochenyo/Huchiun band of the Ohlone people when the first Europeans arrived, other artifacts were discovered in the 1950s in the downtown area during remodeling of a commercial building, near the upper course of the creek. The first people of European descent arrived with the De Anza Expedition in 1776, today, this is noted by signage on Interstate 80, which runs along the San Francisco Bay shoreline of Berkeley. The De Anza Expedition led to establishment of the Spanish Presidio of San Francisco at the entrance to San Francisco Bay, luis Peralta was among the soldiers at the Presidio. For his services to the King of Spain, he was granted a vast stretch of land on the east shore of San Francisco Bay for a ranch, luis Peralta named his holding Rancho San Antonio. The primary activity of the ranch was raising cattle for meat and hides, eventually, Peralta gave portions of the ranch to each of his four sons. What is now Berkeley lies mostly in the portion that went to Peraltas son Domingo, with a little in the portion that went to another son, no artifact survives of the Domingo or Vicente ranches, but their names survive in Berkeley street names. However, legal title to all land in the City of Berkeley remains based on the original Peralta land grant, the Peraltas Rancho San Antonio continued after Alta California passed from Spanish to Mexican sovereignty after the Mexican War of Independence. The lands of the brothers Domingo and Vicente were quickly reduced to reservations close to their respective ranch homes, the rest of the land was surveyed and parceled out to various American claimants. Politically, the area that became Berkeley was initially part of a vast Contra Costa County, on March 25,1853, Alameda County was created from a division within Contra Costa County, as well as from a small portion of Santa Clara County. The area of Berkeley was at this period mostly a mix of land, farms and ranches. It was not yet Berkeley, but merely the part of the Oakland Township subdivision of Alameda County. In 1866, Oaklands private College of California looked for a new site, according to the Centennial Record of the University of California, In 1866…at Founders Rock, a group of College of California men watched two ships standing out to sea through the Golden Gate. Although the philosophers name is pronounced bark-lee, the pronunciation of the name has evolved to suit American English as burk-lee. The College of Californias College Homestead Association planned to raise funds for the new campus by selling off adjacent parcels of land, to this end, they laid out a plat and street grid that became the basis of Berkeleys modern street plan
Berkeley, California
–
Downtown Berkeley viewed from the Berkeley Hills.
Berkeley, California
–
This pit in the surface of a rock at
Indian Rock Park is typical of those used by
Ohlone Indians to grind
acorns.
Berkeley, California
–
As seen from
Indian Rock Park in the North Berkeley hills. Berkeley is in the foreground, with the
Berkeley Marina and
César Chávez Park just beyond.
Berkeley, California
–
The
University of California in 1940
20.
IGN
–
The website was the brainchild of media entrepreneur Chris Anderson and launched on September 29,1996. It focuses on games, films, television, comics, technology, the company is located in San Franciscos SOMA district in California, United States. Originally a network of websites, IGN is now distributed on mobile platforms, console programs on the Xbox and PlayStation, FireTV, Roku, and via YouTube, Twitch, Hulu. IGN was sold to publishing company Ziff Davis in February 2013 and now operates as a J2 Global subsidiary. com, PSXPower, Saturnworld, Next-Generation. com and Ultra Game Players Online. Imagine expanded on its owned-and-operated websites by creating a network that included a number of independent fansites such as PSX Nation. com, Sega-Saturn. com, Game Sages. In 1998, the network launched a new homepage that consolidated the individual sites as system channels under the IGN brand, the homepage exposed content from more than 30 different channels. Next-Generation and Ultra Game Players Online were not part of this consolidation, dissolved with the cancellation of the magazine, and Next-Generation was put on hold when Imagine decided to concentrate on launching the short-lived Daily Radar brand. In February 1999, Imagine Media incorporated a spin-off that included IGN and its channels as Affiliation Networks. In September, the newly spun-out standalone internet media company, changed its name to Snowball. com, at the same time, small entertainment website The Den merged into IGN and added non-gaming content to the growing network. Snowball held an IPO in 2000, but shed most of its properties during the dot-com bubble. In June 2005, IGN reported having 24,000,000 unique visitors per month, with 4.8 million registered users through all departments of the site, IGN is ranked among the top 200 most-visited websites according to Alexa. In September 2005, IGN was acquired by Rupert Murdochs multi-media business empire, News Corporation, IGN celebrated its 10th anniversary on January 12,2008. IGN was headquartered in the Marina Point Parkway office park in Brisbane, California, on May 25,2011, IGN sold its Direct2Drive division to Gamefly for an undisclosed amount. In 2011, IGN Entertainment acquired its rival UGO Entertainment from Hearst Corporation, ultimately, News Corp. planned to spin off IGN Entertainment as a publicly traded company, continuing a string of divestitures for digital properties it had previously acquired. Financial details regarding the purchase were not revealed, prior to its acquisition by UGO, 1UP. com had previously been owned by Ziff Davis. Soon after the acquisition, IGN announced that it would be laying off staff and closing GameSpy, 1UP. com, the role-playing video game interest website Vault Network was acquired by IGN in 1999. GameStats, a review website, was founded by IGN in 2004. GameStats includes a GPM rating system incorporates an average press score and average gamer score
IGN
–
IGN Entertainment's former headquarters in
Brisbane,
California.
IGN
–
IGN Entertainment Inc.
21.
News Corp
–
News Corporation is an American multinational mass media company, formed as a spin-off of the former News Corporation focusing on newspapers and publishing. On June 28,2012, Rupert Murdoch announced that News Corporations publishing operations would be spun off to form a new, the move also came in the wake of a series of scandals that had damaged the reputation of multiple News Corporation-owned properties. The logo of the new News Corporation was unveiled at a presentation on May 28,2013. The shares fell in price by 3% to $14.55 per share, the new News Corp began trading on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the symbol NWS on July 1,2013, at the same time, the former News Corporation was renamed 21st Century Fox. The newspapers will be operated by GateHouse Media, a group owned by Fortress. Robert Thomson indicated that the newspapers were not strategically consistent with the portfolio of the company. GateHouse then filed for prepackaged Chapter 11 bankruptcy on September 27,2013, then GateHouse emerged from bankruptcy on November 26,2013. On May 2,2014, News Corp acquired romance novel publisher Harlequin Enterprises from Torstar for $415 million, the deal closed on August 1, it is now operated a subsidiary. On September 30,2014, News Corp announced its acquisition of Move, Inc. a real estate listings company, a 20% stake is owned by REA Group, a publicly-traded subsidiary of News Corp Australia. In October 2015, News Corp sold its digital education brand Amplify Education to a management team supported by a group of investors for an undisclosed sum. HarperCollins, a book trade publisher News America Marketing, a distributor of advertising and coupon promotions Wireless Group
News Corp
–
1211 Avenue of the Americas: Current headquarters of News Corp
22.
Fox Interactive Media
–
Fox Sports Digital Media, formerly known as News Corp. Digital Media and Fox Interactive Media, is a subsidiary of Fox Entertainment Group which operates Fox Sports online properties in the United States, when known as Fox Interactive Media, it was formed to oversee News Corporations new media acquisitions, including IGN, Myspace and Photobucket. In December 2009, Fox sold Photobucket to the digital photography company Ontela. In October 2010, the Fox Audience Network was sold to ad technology firm Rubicon Project, Fox Interactive Media also operated the websites of Foxs television stations. The DPP products were spun off as the independent company EndPlay. Fox would begin outsourcing their television station websites to competing provider Worldnow in 2012, in June 2011, Specific Media and pop singer Justin Timberlake bought Myspace for $35 million, which CNN reported noted was far less than the $580 million News Corp. paid for Myspace in 2005. Murdoch went on to call the Myspace purchase a huge mistake, in February 2013, IGN Entertainment was sold to Ziff Davis Media. As its only remaining properties relate to Fox Sports, the company was renamed Fox Sports Digital Media in mid-2013
Fox Interactive Media
–
Fox Interactive Media headquarters
23.
Brett Erlich
–
Brett Evan Erlich is an American political comedian featured as a writer, producer and host on TV shows and Web sites. He appears as the host of Pop Trigger on The Young Turks and he also appears on ABC News Primetime Specials hosted by Barbara Walters and Katie Couric. From 2006–2011, Brett was a writer, producer, and host of InfoMania and he formerly wrote, co-hosted, and co-executive produced The Rotten Tomatoes Show. InfoMania was canceled in the summer of 2011, from July 1,2006 to July 9,2007, Erlich wrote, associate-produced, and co-hosted Google Current. Born in 1982 in the San Fernando Valley near Los Angeles, California, he attended public schools. He studied at Stanford University, graduating in 2004, while there, he co-founded the Stanford Shakespeare Society. This student-run company is devoted to the production and performance of Shakespearean, Erlich has become established as a political comedian in TV shows and on the Web. From July 1,2006 to July 9,2007, Erlich wrote, associate-produced, from 2006–2011, Brett was a writer, producer, and host of InfoMania, a half-hour comedic news show on the cable station Current TV. It was created by Madeline Smithberg, who created The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, Erlich formerly wrote, co-hosted, and co-executive produced The Rotten Tomatoes Show on Current TV. After its cancellation, some of its material was compressed into a weekly 2-minute segment on InfoMania and this show was cancelled in the summer of 2011. His show, Viral Video Film School, was nominated for a Webby Award in 2010 and it was a Peoples Voice Winner in the Online Film & Video How To & DIY category. His video Saw the Musical was nominated for a 2011 Webby in the Variety category, in 2012 Erlich appeared in the independent feature Dead Dad. In the fall of 2013, Erlich became the online host of Marvels Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D, declassified, a spinoff online show on ABC. com. It is companion to the ABC Network T. V. show, declassified features recaps, sketches and featurettes to bring fans up to speed. According to, the plans three expanded installments during the season to delve into the series’ more provocative storylines, with the help of some special guests. Stanford Shakespeare Society Brett Erlich at the Internet Movie Database
Brett Erlich
–
Brett Erlich of
The Rotten Tomatoes Show
24.
InfoMania
–
Infomania is also the name of a search engine that is used in the anime Serial Experiments Lain. The term infomania has been used since the 1980s, but has recently been used as a term for a psychological debility. The term was coined by Elizabeth M. Ferrarini, the author of Confessions of an Infomaniac and Infomania, Confessions was an early book about life online. It was excerpted in Cosmopolitan in 1982, in 2005, Dr. Glenn Wilson conducted an experimental study which documented the detrimental effects of information overload on problem solving ability. This was described in a press release accompanying a self-report survey of the extent of misuse of modern technology sponsored by Hewlett-Packard. In 2010, Dr. Glenn Wilson published a note about the study in which he documented the limited size of the study. Distraction Information overload Personal Information Management Seattlepi, Its time to back against infomania BBC
InfoMania
25.
Academy Award
–
The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
–
Academy Awards
Academy Award
–
31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
–
81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
–
Pantages Theatre, 2008
26.
Golden Globe Award
–
Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe Award
–
The Golden Globe statuette
27.
Quantcast
–
Quantcast is an American technology company, founded in 2006, that specializes in audience measurement and real-time advertising. The company offers public access to traffic and demographic data for millions of Web sites and their data centers process more than 800,000 transactions per second and the company states that it produces accurate audience measurement to over 100 million web destinations. As of 2013, it was said to be one of the top five big data processing organisations. Its headquarters is in San Francisco, with offices in New York, Chicago, London, Quantcast was launched in 2006 by entrepreneurs Konrad Feldman and Paul Sutter. Calling themselves The Worlds Only Open Internet Ratings Service, Quantcast were the first rating company to rely largely on direct measurement, Quantcast was initially backed by $6 million in venture capital funding. In January 2008, a series B funding round raised an additional $20 million from investors Founders Fund, the company was built on the belief that digital advertising requires reliable data to be successful, so initially the primary aim was to gather detailed insights into audience characteristics. This information is made publicly available to be used by digital publishers to accurately understand their visitors. In 2010, Quantcast’s Publisher Program was the first syndicated online traffic measurement service to receive accreditation from the Media Rating Council. Quantcast received accreditation for its data, which means the product complies with the Interactive Advertising Bureaus advertising impression. In 2013, the company acquired MakeGood Software, a Seattle-based advertising technology startup, founded in 2009, the technology was subsequently integrated with Quantcast Advertise to enhance the reporting functions available for Quantcast campaigns. This nudged the company closer towards competition in the ad effectiveness category, in 2013, the company added Measure for Mobile Apps, a tool that collects data on the usage of a publisher’s iOS and Android apps to provide a cross-platform view in its analytics service. In 2014, Quantcast is acquiring Struq for an undisclosed sum
Quantcast
28.
Hyperlink
–
In computing, a hyperlink, or simply a link, is a reference to data that the reader can directly follow either by clicking, tapping, or hovering. A hyperlink points to a document or to a specific element within a document. The text that is linked from is called anchor text, a software system that is used for viewing and creating hypertext is a hypertext system, and to create a hyperlink is to hyperlink. A user following hyperlinks is said to navigate or browse the hypertext, the document containing a hyperlink is known as its source document. For example, in a reference work such as Wikipedia, many words. Hyperlinks are often used to implement reference mechanisms such as tables of contents, footnotes, bibliographies, indexes, letters, in some hypertext hyperlinks can be bidirectional, they can be followed in two directions, so both ends act as anchors and as targets. More complex arrangements exist, such as many-to-many links, another possibility is transclusion, for which the link target is a document fragment that replaces the link anchor within the source document. Not only persons browsing the document follow hyperlinks, they may also be followed automatically by programs, a program that traverses the hypertext, following each hyperlink and gathering all the retrieved documents is known as a Web spider or crawler. An inline link displays remote content without the need for embedding the content, the remote content may be accessed with or without the user selecting the link. An inline link may display a modified version of the content, for instance, instead of an image, the full content will then usually be available on demand, as is the case with print publishing software – e. g. with an external link. This allows for file sizes and quicker response to changes when the full linked content is not needed. An anchor hyperlink is a bound to a portion of a document—generally text. For instance, it may also be a hot area in an image, one way to define it is by a list of coordinates that indicate its boundaries. For example, a map of Africa may have each country hyperlinked to further information about that country. A separate invisible hot area interface allows for swapping skins or labels within the hot areas without repetitive embedding of links in the various skin elements. Tim Berners-Lee saw the possibility of using hyperlinks to link any information to any information over the Internet. Hyperlinks were therefore integral to the creation of the World Wide Web, Web pages are written in the hypertext mark-up language HTML. w3. org to the URL for the page. The URL is followed by >, marking the end of the opening tag
Hyperlink
–
Douglas Engelbart and his team at
SRI, 1969
29.
Roger Ebert
–
Roger Joseph Ebert was an American film critic and historian, journalist, screenwriter, and author. He was a critic for the Chicago Sun-Times from 1967 until his death in 2013. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism, the two verbally sparred and traded humorous barbs while discussing films. They created and trademarked the phrase Two Thumbs Up, used when both hosts gave the film a positive review. After Siskel died in 1999, Ebert continued hosting the show with various co-hosts and then, starting in 2000, Ebert lived with cancer of the thyroid and salivary glands from 2002. This required treatments necessitating the removal of his jaw, which cost him the ability to speak or eat normally. His ability to write remained unimpaired, however, and he continued to publish frequently both online and in print until his death on April 4,2013. Roger Joseph Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois, the child of Annabel, a bookkeeper, and Walter Harry Ebert. He was raised Roman Catholic, attending St. Marys elementary school and his paternal grandparents were German immigrants and his maternal ancestry was Irish and Dutch. In his senior year, he was president and editor-in-chief of his high school newspaper. In 1958, he won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in radio speaking, regarding his early influences in film criticism, Ebert wrote in the 1998 parody collection Mad About the Movies, I learned to be a movie critic by reading Mad magazine. Mads parodies made me aware of the machine inside the skin – of the way a movie might look original on the outside, I did not read the magazine, I plundered it for clues to the universe. Pauline Kael lost it at the movies, I lost it at Mad magazine, Ebert began taking classes at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign as an early-entrance student, completing his high-school courses while also taking his first university class. After graduating from Urbana High School in 1960, Ebert then attended and received his degree in 1964. As an undergraduate, he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of La Dolce Vita, published in The Daily Illini in October 1961. Ebert spent a semester as a student in the department of English there before attending the University of Cape Town on a Rotary fellowship for a year. He returned from Cape Town to his studies at Illinois for two more semesters and then, after being accepted as a PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. Instead Kogan referred Ebert to the city editor at the Chicago Sun-Times, Jim Hoge and he attended doctoral classes at the University of Chicago while working as a general reporter at the Sun-Times for a year
Roger Ebert
–
Ebert giving an interview for
Sound Opinions in 2006
Roger Ebert
–
Roger Ebert (right) with
Russ Meyer in 1970.
Roger Ebert
–
Ebert and his wife Chaz Hammelsmith Ebert (left) giving the thumbs up to
Nancy Kwan (right) at the
Hawaii International Film Festival on October 20, 2010
Roger Ebert
–
Ebert (right) at the
Conference on World Affairs in September 2002, shortly after his cancer diagnosis
30.
Peter Travers
–
Peter Travers is an American film critic and journalist, who has written for, in turn, People and Rolling Stone. Travers also hosts a celebrity interview show called Popcorn on ABC News Now, Travers joined Rolling Stone in 1989 after a four-year stint with People. According to eFilmCritic. com, Travers is the nations most blurbed film critic and he has also shown a great deal of disdain for certain directors, most notably Michael Bay and his films. Peter Travers at Rolling Stone Movie Reviews at Rolling Stone Peter Travers at Rotten Tomatoes Popcorn with Peter Travers on ABC News
Peter Travers
31.
Film
–
A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
Film
–
A vintage Fox movietone motion picture camera
Film
–
The
Berlin Wintergarten theatre was the site of the first
cinema ever, with a short film presented by the
Skladanowsky brothers on 1 November 1895. The image depicts a July 1940
variety show.
Film
–
A shot from
Georges Méliès Le Voyage dans la Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative film.
Film
–
This
16 mm spring-wound
Bolex "H16" Reflex camera is a popular entry level camera used in
film schools.
32.
Cinema of the United Kingdom
–
The United Kingdom has had a significant film industry for over a century. Many British actors have achieved fame and critical success, including Maggie Smith, Michael Caine, Sean Connery. Some of the films with the largest ever box office returns have been made in the United Kingdom, including the second, the identity of the British industry, and its relationship with the Cinema of the United States, has been the subject of debate. The history of production in Britain has often been affected by attempts to compete with the American industry. The career of the producer Alexander Korda was marked by this objective, the Rank Organisation attempted to do so in the 1940s, in 2009 British films grossed around $2 billion worldwide and achieved a market share of around 7% globally and 17% in the United Kingdom. UK box-office takings totalled £1.1 billion in 2012, with 172.5 million admissions, the British Film Institute has produced a poll ranking what they consider to be the 100 greatest British films of all time, the BFI Top 100 British films. The annual BAFTA awards hosted by the British Academy of Film, the first people to build and run a working 35 mm camera in Britain were Robert W. Paul and Birt Acres. They made the first British film Incident at Clovelly Cottage in February 1895, soon several British film companies had opened to meet the demand for new films, such as Mitchell and Kenyon in Blackburn. Although the earliest British films were of everyday events, the early 20th century saw the appearance of shorts, mainly comedies. The early films were often melodramatic in tone, and there was a preference for story lines already known to the audience, in particular, adaptations of Shakespeare plays. The Lumière brothers first brought their show to London in 1896, in 1898 American producer Charles Urban expanded the London-based Warwick Trading Company to produce British films, mostly documentary and news. Also in 1898 Hepworth Studios was founded in Lambeth, South London by Cecil Hepworth, the Bamforths began producing films in Yorkshire, in 1902 Ealing Studios was founded by Will Barker, becoming the oldest continuously-operating film studio in the world. In 1902 the earliest color film in the world was made, like other films made at the time, in 2012 it was found by the National Media Museum in Bradford after lying forgotten in an old tin for 110 years. The previous title for earliest color film, using the Kinemacolour process, was thought to date from 1909 and was actually an inferior method, the re-discovered films were made by pioneer Edward Raymond Turner from London who patented his process on 22 March 1899. In 1903 Frank Mottershaw of Sheffield produced the film A Daring Daylight Robbery, in 1911 the Ideal Film Company was founded in Soho, London, distributing almost 400 films by 1934, and producing 80. In 1913 stage director Maurice Elvey began directing British films, becoming Britains most prolific film director, in 1914 Elstree Studios was founded, and acquired in 1928 by German-born Ludwig Blattner, who invented a magnetic steel tape recording system that was adopted by the BBC in 1930. In 1920 Gaumont opened Islington Studios, where Alfred Hitchcock got his start, also in 1920 Cricklewood Studios was founded by Sir Oswald Stoll, becoming Britains largest film studio, known for Fu Manchu and Sherlock Holmes film series. In 1920 the short-lived company Minerva Films was founded in London by the actor Leslie Howard and his friend, some of their early films include four written by A. A. Milne including The Bump, starring C
Cinema of the United Kingdom
–
Vue cinema,
Leicester Square
Cinema of the United Kingdom
–
Charlie Chaplin, c. 1918
Cinema of the United Kingdom
–
Deborah Kerr as Sister Clodagh in
Black Narcissus (1947).
Cinema of the United Kingdom
–
Christopher Lee in
Dracula (1958).
33.
Cinema of Australia
–
The Australian film industry has its beginnings with the 1906 production of The Story of the Kelly Gang, the earliest feature film ever made. Since then, many films have produced in Australia, a number of which have received international recognition. Cinema in Australia began with the first public screenings of films in Australia in October 1896, the first Australian exhibition took place at the Athenaeum Hall in Collins Street, Melbourne, to provide alternative entertainment for the dance hall patrons. The venue would continue screenings, but these were all short films, commercially successful Australian films have included Paul Hogans Crocodile Dundee, Baz Luhrmanns Moulin Rouge. Other award winning productions include Picnic at Hanging Rock, Gallipoli, The Tracker, Shine, the Athanaeum Hall in Collins Street, Melbourne, was a dance hall from the 1880s, which from time to time would provide alternative entertainment to patrons. In October 1896, it exhibited the first movie shown in Australia, the Athanaeum would continue screenings, but these early screenings were all short films. The earliest feature length film in the world was the Australian produced The Story of the Kelly Gang. The film was written and directed by Charles Tait and included several of his family, the film was also exhibited in the United Kingdom, and was commercially very successful. Melbourne was also home of one of the worlds first film studios, the Limelight Department produced evangelical material for use by the Salvation Army, as well as private and government contracts. In its 19 years of operation, the Limelight Department produced about 300 films of various lengths, soldiers of the Cross fortified the Limelight Department as a major player in the early film industry. The Limelight Department was commissioned to film the Federation of Australia, the 1910s was a boom period in Australian cinema. While these numbers may seem small, Australia was one of the most prolific film-producing countries at the time, in all, between 1906 and 1928,150 narrative feature films were made, of which almost 90 were made between 1910 and 1912. There are various explanations for the decline of the industry in the 1920s. Some historians point to falling numbers, a lack of interest in Australian product and narratives. Also, there was a ban on bushranger films in 1912. To redress this imbalance, the government imposed a tax on imported film in 1914. Whatever the explanation, by 1923, American films dominated the Australian market with 94% of all exhibited films coming from that country, in 1930, F. W. Thring established the Efftee Studios based in Melbourne to make talking films using optical sound equipment imported from the USA. The first sound films produced were in 1931, when the company produced Diggers, A Co-respondents Course, The Haunted Barn, during the five years of its existence, Efftee produced nine features, over 80 shorts and several stage productions
Cinema of Australia
–
The earliest known
feature length narrative film in the world was the Australian production,
The Story of the Kelly Gang (1906).
Cinema of Australia
–
The old Pacific Cinema at
Bulahdelah, New South Wales, a classic example of an early small country town cinema
Cinema of Australia
–
Errol Flynn had his debut in
In the Wake of the Bounty, 1933.
Cinema of Australia
–
Peter Finch, who also debuted in Australia in the 1930s. He went on to star in classics such as
The Rats of Tobruk and became the first Australian to win an
Academy Award for Best Actor, posthumously in 1976.
34.
Film genre
–
A film genre is a motion picture category based on similarities in either the narrative elements or the emotional response to the film. Most theories of film genre are borrowed from literary genre criticism, the basic genres include fiction and documentary, from which subgenres have emerged, such as docufiction and docudrama. Other subgenres include the courtroom and trial-focused drama known as the legal drama, types of fiction which may seem unrelated can also be combined to form hybrid subgenres, such as the melding of horror and comedy in the Evil Dead films. Other popular combinations are the comedy and the action comedy film. Films can also be classified by the setting, theme, topic, mood, format, the setting is the environment where the story and action takes place. The theme or topic refers to the issues or concepts that the film revolves around, the mood is the emotional tone of the film. Format refers to the way the film was shot or the manner of presentation, additional ways of categorizing film genres is by the target audience or by type of production. American film historian Janet Staiger states that the genre of a film can be defined in four ways, the idealist method judges films by predetermined standards. The empirical method identifies the genre of a film by comparing it to a list of films already deemed to fall within a certain genre, the apriori method uses common generic elements which are identified in advance. The social conventions method of identifying the genre of a film is based on the cultural consensus within society. Martin Loop contends that Hollywood films are not pure genres, because most Hollywood movies blend the love-oriented plot of the genre with other genres. Many films cross into multiple genres, recently, film theorist Robert Stam challenged whether genres really exist, or whether they are merely made up by critics. Stam has questioned whether genres really out there in the world or are they really the construction of analysts, as well, he has asked whether there is a. finite taxonomy of genres or are they in principle infinite. And whether genres are. timeless essences ephemeral, time-bound entities, Stam has also asked whether genre analysis should aim at being descriptive or prescriptive. While some genres are based on content, other are borrowed from literature or from other media. Some are performer-based or budget-based, while others are based on status, racial identity, location. Many genres have built-in audiences and corresponding publications that support them, for example, horror films have a well-established fanbase that reads horror magazines such as Fangoria. Films that are difficult to categorize into a genre are often less successful, as such, film genres are also useful in the areas of marketing, film criticism and the analysis of consumption
Film genre
–
Western films are those "set in the American West that embod[y] the spirit, the struggle and the demise of the
new frontier.".
Film genre
–
War film or anti-war movie:
Lewis Milestone 's
All Quiet on the Western Front, 1930
35.
English language
–
English /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the global lingua franca. Named after the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England, English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states. It is the third most common language in the world, after Mandarin. It is the most widely learned second language and a language of the United Nations, of the European Union. It is the most widely spoken Germanic language, accounting for at least 70% of speakers of this Indo-European branch, English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years. The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the century, are called Old English. Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England, Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London and the King James Bible, and the start of the Great Vowel Shift. Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire, modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries, English is an Indo-European language, and belongs to the West Germanic group of the Germanic languages. Most closely related to English are the Frisian languages, and English, Old Saxon and its descendent Low German languages are also closely related, and sometimes Low German, English, and Frisian are grouped together as the Ingvaeonic or North Sea Germanic languages. Modern English descends from Middle English, which in turn descends from Old English, particular dialects of Old and Middle English also developed into a number of other English languages, including Scots and the extinct Fingallian and Forth and Bargy dialects of Ireland. English is classified as a Germanic language because it shares new language features with other Germanic languages such as Dutch, German and these shared innovations show that the languages have descended from a single common ancestor, which linguists call Proto-Germanic. Through Grimms law, the word for foot begins with /f/ in Germanic languages, English is classified as an Anglo-Frisian language because Frisian and English share other features, such as the palatalisation of consonants that were velar consonants in Proto-Germanic. The earliest form of English is called Old English or Anglo-Saxon, in the fifth century, the Anglo-Saxons settled Britain and the Romans withdrew from Britain. England and English are named after the Angles, Old English was divided into four dialects, the Anglian dialects, Mercian and Northumbrian, and the Saxon dialects, Kentish and West Saxon. Through the educational reforms of King Alfred in the century and the influence of the kingdom of Wessex. The epic poem Beowulf is written in West Saxon, and the earliest English poem, Modern English developed mainly from Mercian, but the Scots language developed from Northumbrian. A few short inscriptions from the period of Old English were written using a runic script. By the sixth century, a Latin alphabet was adopted, written with half-uncial letterforms and it included the runic letters wynn ⟨ƿ⟩ and thorn ⟨þ⟩, and the modified Latin letters eth ⟨ð⟩, and ash ⟨æ⟩
English language
–
The opening to the Old English epic poem
Beowulf,
handwritten in
half-uncial script: Hƿæt ƿē Gārde/na ingēar dagum þēod cyninga / þrym ge frunon... "Listen! We of the Spear-Danes from days of yore have heard of the glory of the folk-kings..."
English language
–
Countries of the world where English is a majority native language
English language
–
Title page of Geoffrey Chaucer's
Canterbury Tales c.1400
36.
United Kingdom
–
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
United Kingdom
–
Stonehenge, in
Wiltshire, was erected around 2500 BC.
United Kingdom
–
Flag
United Kingdom
–
The
Bayeux Tapestry depicts the
Battle of Hastings, 1066, and the events leading to it.
United Kingdom
–
The
Treaty of Union led to a single united kingdom encompassing all Great Britain.
37.
India
–
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. C. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata. Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. C. E. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety
India
–
Flag
India
–
The granite
tower of
Brihadeeswarar Temple in
Thanjavur was completed in 1010 CE by
Raja Raja Chola I.
India
–
Writing the will and testament of the Mughal king court in Persian, 1590–1595
38.
Australia
–
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
Australia
–
Aboriginal rock art in the
Kimberley region of Western Australia
Australia
Australia
–
Portrait of Captain
James Cook, the first European to map the eastern coastline of Australia in 1770
Australia
–
Tasmania's
Port Arthur penal settlement is one of eleven UNESCO World Heritage-listed
Australian Convict Sites.
39.
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales
–
Pirates of the Caribbean, Dead Men Tell No Tales is an upcoming American fantasy swashbuckler film, and the fifth installment in the Pirates of the Caribbean film series. The film is directed by Joachim Rønning and Espen Sandberg from a script by Jeff Nathanson, Johnny Depp, Kevin McNally, and Geoffrey Rush reprise their roles as Jack Sparrow, Joshamee Gibbs, and Hector Barbossa, respectively. The film also stars Javier Bardem as Armando Salazar, Brenton Thwaites as Henry Turner, the film also features the return of Orlando Bloom as Will Turner, following his absence from the fourth installment, On Stranger Tides. The filmmakers cited the first installment, The Curse of the Black Pearl, as inspiration for the script, pre-production for the film started shortly before On Stranger Tides was released in early 2011, with Terry Rossio writing a script for the film. In early 2013, Jeff Nathanson was hired to write a new script, initially planned for a 2015 release, the film was delayed to 2016 and then to 2017, due to script and budget issues. Principal photography started in Australia in February 2015, after the Australian government offered Disney $20 million of tax incentives and it is set to be released in conventional, Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats on May 26,2017. Captain Jack Sparrow is pursued by an old rival, Armando Salazar, who along with his Spanish Navy ghost crew has escaped from the Devils Triangle, and is determined to kill every pirate at sea. Jack seeks the Trident of Poseidon, an artifact that grants its possessor total control over the seas. Johnny Depp as Captain Jack Sparrow, The eccentric but noble pirate captain of the Black Pearl on the hunt for the Trident of Poseidon, Javier Bardem as Captain Armando Salazar, A powerful and maniacal undead pirate hunter of the Spanish Navy who was trapped in the Devils Triangle. After escaping, he seeks the Trident of Poseidon to wipe out all piracy and exact revenge on his old enemy, Brenton Thwaites as Henry Turner, A young man who tries to reconnect with his father. He struggles to break a curse that is preventing him from doing so, lewis McGowan portrays a young Henry. Kaya Scodelario as Carina Smyth, A feisty and altruistic astronomer, Scodelario explained the characters motivation and role saying, she is an academic, shes fighting for the right to study at university, because women couldnt at that time. So shes on her own journey – looking for the trident of Poseidon – and she discussed the difference between Carina and Elizabeth Swann, believing that she was not just a carbon copy of that character. Kevin McNally as Joshamee Gibbs, Captain Jacks loyal friend and First Mate, Geoffrey Rush as Captain Hector Barbossa, The one-legged pirate captain of the Queen Annes Revenge, former captain of the Black Pearl, and Captain Jacks former rival-turned-ally. Orlando Bloom as Captain William Will Turner, Jr, a blacksmith-turned-pirate who was transformed into the Captain of the Flying Dutchman at the end of At Worlds End. Golshifteh Farahani as Shansa, a sea-witch, Stephen Graham as Scrum, Barbossas crewmember of the Queen Annes Revenge, former member of Blackbeards crew. However, it was stated that only a fifth film was in the works. On January 11,2013, Jeff Nathanson signed on to write the script for the film, rob Marshall, the director of the last film, was believed for return to direct, but he declined after he chose to direct Into the Woods and The Thin Man
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales
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Official film logo
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales
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Top to bottom:
Johnny Depp,
Geoffrey Rush,
Kevin McNally and
Orlando Bloom who reprise their roles from the previous films as Jack Sparrow, Hector Barbossa, Joshamee Gibbs and Will Turner respectively. Bloom returned to the series after not appearing in the previous installment.
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales
Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales
40.
Baywatch (film)
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Baywatch is an upcoming American action-comedy film directed by Seth Gordon, based on the television series of the same name. The film stars Dwayne Johnson, Zac Efron, Alexandra Daddario, Kelly Rohrbach, Priyanka Chopra, Jon Bass, Ilfenesh Hadera, Yahya Abdul-Mateen II, David Hasselhoff, principal photography began on February 22,2016 in Miami, Florida and Savannah, Georgia. The film will be released by Paramount Pictures on May 26,2017, Dwayne Johnson as Mitch Buchannon, the overzealous leader of an elite team of lifeguards. Zac Efron as Matt Brody, a disgraced former Olympian turned lifeguard used as a PR opportunity to restore the team brand. Alexandra Daddario as Summer Quinn, one of the new recruits along with Matt & Ronnie, tough, brainy, a skilled surfer, Kelly Rohrbach as C. J. Parker Priyanka Chopra as Victoria Leeds, the antagonist. Jon Bass as Ronnie, a funny, awkward and a disco dancer at the beach. Ilfenesh Hadera as Stephanie Holden, Mitch’s love interest, Yahya Abdul-Mateen II as Garner Ellerbee, a cool cop who is constantly reminding Mitch that he has no real authority over the bay. Rob Huebel as Captain Thorpe Hannibal Buress as Gary a bay community local, Belinda Peregrín as Carmen Jack Kesy Amin Joseph as Frankie Izabel Goulart Charlotte McKinney was cast in an undisclosed role. Original stars of the TV series, David Hasselhoff and Pamela Anderson, in September 2012, it was announced that Reno 911. Co-creator and star Robert Ben Garant would direct the film version of Baywatch for Paramount Pictures, on October 2,2014, Dwayne Johnson was attached to star for the lead role, Justin Malen was set to rewrite the script. On July 23,2015, Seth Gordon was set to direct the film, damian Shannon and Mark Swift wrote the latest draft and the film would be in comedic style. On August 10,2015, Zac Efron signed on to star in the film, on November 18,2015, Johnson confirmed Daddario to play the role of Summer, a lifeguard and the love interest of Efrons character. On January 4,2016, Kelly Rohrbachs casting as C. J. Parker was confirmed by Johnsons Instagram post, on January 20,2016, Johnson again posted on his Instagram about casting Ilfenesh Hadera as Johnsons love interest. On January 27,2016, Jon Bass was cast in the film to play Ronnie, a funny, awkward and a disco dancer at the beach. On February 12,2016, Hannibal Buress joined the cast of the film to play a bay community local, on February 17,2016, Priyanka Chopra signed on to star in Baywatch, playing the antagonist in the film. The role was written for a male. In March 2016, Yahya Abdul-Mateen II joined the cast as Ellerbee, on March 12,2016, after several weeks of speculation, singer Belinda confirmed she will be joining the cast. Jack Kesy and Amin Joseph were also cast in the film, vine star Logan Paul announced that he is in the film but his scenes were later cut
Baywatch (film)
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Baywatch title logo
Baywatch (film)
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David Hasselhoff as the character Mitch Buchannon.
Baywatch (film)
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Pamela Anderson as C. J. Parker.
Baywatch (film)
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Simmone Jade Mackinnon (L), Brooke Burns (C), and Stacy Kamano (R).
41.
The Mummy (2017 film)
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The Mummy is an upcoming American film directed by Alex Kurtzman and written by Jon Spaihts and Christopher McQuarrie. It is a reboot of The Mummy franchise and is intended to be the first installment in the Universal Monsters shared universe, the film stars Tom Cruise, Sofia Boutella, Annabelle Wallis, Jake Johnson, Courtney B. The film is scheduled to be released on June 9,2017 in 3D, 2D and IMAX 3D. 2,000 years ago, the Egyptian princess Ahmanet murders her father, also beginning to use dark magic, and is punished by being buried alive in a tomb deep beneath the sands. After her tomb is rediscovered and opened in times, she is resurrected, bringing with her a malevolent grudge that has grown over millennia. Tom Cruise as Nick Morton Sofia Boutella as The Mummy / Princess Ahmanet Annabelle Wallis as Jenny Halsey Jake Johnson as Sgt, vance as Col. Gideon Forster Russell Crowe as Dr. The project went through multiple directors with first Len Wiseman leaving the project in 2013, Tom Cruise began talks about playing the lead in November 2015, with Sofia Boutella beginning talks that December. Kurtzman cast Boutella after seeing and being impressed by her largely mute performance in Kingsman, Kurtzman also noted that if you look at her eyes, and this is what I got from watching Kingsman, theres a whole performance going on here. Other casting news was announced between March and May with Russell Crowe joining during the latter month, principal photography on the film began on April 3,2016, in Oxford, United Kingdom. It was also filmed in Surrey, filming on the movie wrapped on July 17,2016, in London. Production then moved to Namibia for two weeks with principal photography on the film being completed on August 13,2016, initially scheduled for a 2016 release. IMAX reacted by taking down the trailer and issuing DMCA takedown notices in an attempt to stop it from spreading, official website The Mummy at the Internet Movie Database
The Mummy (2017 film)
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Trilogy Box-set cover.
The Mummy (2017 film)
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The entrance to
Revenge of the Mummy: The Ride at Universal Studios Hollywood.
42.
Wonder Woman (2017 film)
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Wonder Woman is an upcoming American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. It is intended to be the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe. In Wonder Woman, after American pilot Steve Trevor crashes on the island of Themyscira and tells Diana Prince about World War I, Diana leaves her home to try to stop the war, principal photography began in late November 2015 and wrapped in May 2016. Wonder Woman is scheduled to be released on June 2,2017, in 2D, 3D, in the early 20th century, the Amazon princess Diana, who is living on the island of Themyscira, meets American military pilot Steve Trevor when he is washed ashore. After learning from him about the events of World War I. Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, The Amazon princess, daughter of Zeus, Gadot described her character as having many strengths and powers, but at the end of the day shes a woman with a lot of emotional intelligence. Very different to the experienced, super-confident, grown-up woman youve seen, Gadot underwent a diet and training regimen, practiced different martial arts and gained 17 pounds of muscle for the role. Élodie Yung and Olga Kurylenko had also auditioned for the role, Gadot was previously offered the role as Faora Hu-Ul in Man of Steel but declined because she was pregnant at that time, this allowed her to be later cast as Wonder Woman in the films sequel. Gadot signed a deal and debuted in Batman v Superman. Emily Carey portrays the young Diana, chris Pine as Steve Trevor, A captain from the United States Army Air Service and love interest of Diana Prince. Pine described his character as a rogue-ish, cynical realist whos seen the awful nature of modern civilization and added he is a worldly guy. Connie Nielsen as Queen Hippolyta, The Amazon queen of Themyscira, Nicole Kidman was in negotiations for the role but was forced to drop due to scheduling conflicts with Big Little Lies. Nielsen had previously considered for the role of Supermans mother, Lara Lor-Van. Robin Wright as General Antiope, The sister of Hippolyta and Dianas aunt, david Thewlis as Ares, The treacherous Greek god of war, and son of Zeus who poses as Sir Patrick Morgan, an advocate for peace on the war council. Danny Huston as General Erich Ludendorff, An ambitious general of the German Army during World War I, elena Anaya as Maru / Doctor Poison, A mad scientist who specializes in chemistry such as poisons. Lucy Davis as Etta Candy, Steve Trevors comical but loyal, Saïd Taghmaoui as Sameer, A secret agent who is a master of disguise, an ally of Steve Trevor. Ewen Bremner as Charlie, A heavy-drinking sharpshooter, who’s already had a tour of duty and has post-traumatic stress disorder, mayling Ng, Florence Kasumba, Madeleine Vall, and boxer Ann Wolfe play the Amazons Orana, Senator Acantha, Egeria, and Artemis, respectively. Dutch model Doutzen Kroes will also portray an Amazon, samantha Jo, who played Car-Vex in Man of Steel, was cast as Euboea
Wonder Woman (2017 film)
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Wonder Woman's first televised appearance in "It's All Greek to Me"
Wonder Woman (2017 film)
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Wonder Woman (center) as depicted in a promotional comic book for Wonder Woman and the Star Riders
Wonder Woman (2017 film)
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Wonder Woman, as she appears in Justice League and Justice League Unlimited
Wonder Woman (2017 film)
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Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman
43.
20th Century Fox
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Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation is an American film studio currently owned by 21st Century Fox. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios and is located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, the studio was formerly owned by News Corporation. 20th Century Fox is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2015, 20th Century Fox celebrated its 80th anniversary as a studio. Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, the studios biggest star, Will Rogers, died in a plane crash weeks after the merger. Its leading female star, Janet Gaynor, was fading in popularity and promising leading men James Dunn, at first, it was expected that the new company was originally to be called Fox-20th Century, even though 20th Century was the senior partner in the merger. However, 20th Century brought more to the bargaining table besides Schenck and Zanuck, the new company, 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31,1935, the hyphen was dropped in 1985. Schenck became Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, while Kent remained as President, Zanuck became Vice President in Charge of Production, replacing Foxs longtime production chief Winfield Sheehan. The company established a training school. The contracts included an option for renewal for as long as seven years. For many years, 20th Century Fox claimed to have founded in 1915. For instance, it marked 1945 as its 30th anniversary, however, in recent years it has claimed the 1935 merger as its founding, even though most film historians agree it was founded in 1915. The companys films retained the 20th Century Pictures searchlight logo on their credits as well as its opening fanfare. Also on the Fox payroll he found two players who he built up into the studios leading assets, Alice Faye and seven-year-old Shirley Temple, favoring popular biographies and musicals, Zanuck built Fox back to profitability. Thanks to record attendance during World War II, Fox overtook RKO, while Zanuck went off for eighteen months war service, junior partner William Goetz kept profits high by going for light entertainment. The studios—indeed the industrys—biggest star was creamy blonde Betty Grable, in 1942, Spyros Skouras succeeded Kent as president of the studio. Together with Zanuck, who returned in 1943, they intended to make Foxs output more serious-minded. During the next few years, with pictures like The Razors Edge, Wilson, Gentlemans Agreement, The Snake Pit, Boomerang, and Pinky, Zanuck established a reputation for provocative, adult films. Fox also specialized in adaptations of best-selling books such as Ben Ames Williams Leave Her to Heaven, starring Gene Tierney and they also made the 1958 film version of South Pacific
20th Century Fox
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Logo used as of 2013
20th Century Fox
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Entrance to 20th Century Fox studio lot.
20th Century Fox
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Carmen Miranda in
The Gang's All Here. In 1946, she was the highest-paid actress in the United States.
20th Century Fox
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Alice Faye,
Don Ameche, and
Carmen Miranda in
That Night in Rio, produced by Fox in 1941.
44.
Social media
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Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks. User-generated content, such as posts or comments, digital photos or videos. Users create service-specific profiles for the website or app that are designed and maintained by the media organization. Social media facilitate the development of social networks by connecting a users profile with those of other individuals or groups. They introduce substantial and pervasive changes to communication between businesses, organizations, communities and individuals, Social media changes the way individuals and large organizations communicate. These changes are the focus of the field of technoself studies. In America, a reported that 84 percent of adolescents in America have a Facebook account. Over 60% of 13 to 17-year-olds have at least one profile on social media, according to Nielsen, Internet users continue to spend more time on social media sites than on any other type of site. For content contributors, the benefits of participating in social media have gone beyond simply social sharing to building a reputation and bringing in career opportunities and monetary income. Social media differ from paper-based or traditional media such as TV broadcasting in many ways, including quality, reach, frequency, usability, immediacy. Social media operate in a Dialogic transmission system and this is in contrast to traditional media which operates under a monologic transmission model, such as a paper newspaper which is delivered to many subscribers. Some of the most popular social media websites are Baidu Tieba, Facebook, Gab, Google+, Instagram, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Reddit, Snapchat, Tumblr, Twitter, Viber, WeChat, Weibo, WhatsApp, and YouTube. These social media websites have more than 100,000,000 registered users, observers have noted a range of positive and negative impacts of social media use. At the same time, concerns have been raised about possible links between social media use and depression, and even the issues of cyberbullying, online harassment. Currently, about half of adults have been cyberbullied and of those,20 percent said that they have been cyberbullied on a regular basis. Another survey was carried out among 7th grade students in America which is known as the Precaution Process Adoption Model, according to this study,69 percent of 7th grade students claim to have experienced cyberbullying and they also said that it is worse than face to face bullying. The variety and evolving stand-alone and built-in social media services introduces a challenge of definition, the terminology is unclear, with some referring to social media as social networks. A2015 paper reviewed the prominent literature in the area and identified four commonalities unique to then-current social media services, in 2016, Merriam-Webster defined social media as Forms of electronic communication through which people create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, etc
Social media
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Diagram depicting the many different types of social media
Social media
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Banner in
Bangkok, observed on the 30th of June 2014, informing the Thai public that 'like' or 'share' activity on social media may land them in jail.
45.
Will Ferrell
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John William Will Ferrell is an American actor, comedian, producer, and writer. The two also founded the comedy website Funny or Die in 2007, Other films roles include Elf, Old School, Blades of Glory, and the animated films Megamind and The Lego Movie. He received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Saturday Night Live and he was also named the best comedian of 2015 in the British GQ Men of the Year awards. Ferrell received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 26,2015. Ferrell was born in Irvine, California, to Betty Kay, a teacher who taught at Old Mill School elementary school and Santa Ana College and his parents were both natives of Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina, and moved to California in 1964. Ferrells ancestry includes English, German, and Irish and he has a younger brother named Patrick. When he was eight years old, his parents divorced, Ferrell said of the divorce, I was the type of kid who would say, Hey, look at the bright side. The divorce was amicable and both parents were committed to their children, the biggest problem was his fathers line of work. As a person in business, his paychecks were never steady. Growing up in this environment made Ferrell not want to go into show business, will first attended school at Turtle Rock Elementary and later attended Rancho San Joaquin Middle School, both in Irvine. He attended University High School in Irvine, and was a kicker for the varsity football team. He was also on the team and captain of the basketball team. Ferrell called third grade a pivotal year and he realized he could make his classmates laugh if he pretended to smash his head against the wall, or if he tripped and fell on purpose, and said it was a great way to make friends. He said the dullness of Irvine contributed to the growth of his humor, Growing up in suburbia, in safe, master-planned Irvine and my main form of entertainment was cracking my friends up and exploring new ways of being funny. I didnt have to have the survival mode instinct like other comics, for me, I grew up in Mayberry, and the humor broke the boredom. And there was a lot to make fun of, in his senior year of high school, Ferrell and a friend would perform comedy skits over the schools intercom system, with cooperation from the principal, the two had to write their own material. Ferrell also performed comedic skits in the talent shows. He won the Best Personality superlative voted by his classmates and he enrolled at the University of Southern California, where he studied Sports Broadcasting and joined the Delta Tau Delta Fraternity
Will Ferrell
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Ferrell in 2013
Will Ferrell
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Ferrell at the premiere of
Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story, December 2007
Will Ferrell
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Will Ferrell dressed as Megamind at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International
Will Ferrell
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Ferrell at the 2010 San Diego Comic Con with Mark Wahlberg
46.
At the Movies (U.S. TV series)
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At the Movies is a movie review television program produced by Disney-ABC Domestic Television in which two film critics share their opinions of newly released films. Its original hosts were Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel, the hosts of Sneak Previews on PBS. Following Siskels death in 1999, Ebert worked with various guest critics until choosing Chicago Sun-Times colleague Richard Roeper as his partner in 2000. Ebert suspended his appearances in 2006 for treatment of thyroid cancer, from April to August 2008 Michael Phillips, a successor of Siskel at the Chicago Tribune, co-hosted with Roeper. Starting on September 6,2008, Ben Lyons and Ben Mankiewicz took over as hosts, their partnership lasted only one season. On August 5,2009, it was announced that Phillips would return to the show as a permanent co-host, teaming with A. O. Scott of The New York Times for what would be the programs final season. During its run with Siskel and Ebert as hosts, the series was nominated for Primetime Emmy Awards seven times and also for Outstanding Information Series and it was widely known for the thumbs up/thumbs down review summaries given during Siskels and Eberts tenures. The show aired in syndication in the United States and on CTV in Canada, the shows cancellation was announced on March 24,2010, and the last episode was aired during the weekend of August 14–15,2010. The following month, Ebert announced a new version of At the Movies, however, the series has been on an indefinite hiatus since December 2011 and unlikely to return, given Eberts death on April 4,2013. The series itself began in September 1986 as Siskel & Ebert & the Movies, when Siskel and Ebert signed with Buena Vista Entertainment, the title of the show was shortened to simply Siskel and Ebert in mid-1987. The program was recorded in the studios of WBBM-TV, Chicagos CBS owned and operated station. Some time after Disneys 1996 purchase of Capital Cities/ABC, the tapings were moved to ABCs Chicago station, WLS-TV. Siskel and Ebert often had notably divergent tastes, and as a result, many viewers considered such fights to be the highlight of the program. In joint appearances on the show circuit, especially on David Lettermans shows. Widely circulated outtakes from promo-recording sessions show the two both bickering and joking off-air, only once during his long association with Roger Ebert did Gene Siskel ever change his vote on a movie. The 1996 film Broken Arrow had initially given a thumbs up. In 1998, Gene Siskel was hospitalized for treatment of a brain tumor, for a few weeks, the show was taped with Siskel on the telephone and Ebert in the studio. Although Siskel would eventually return to the studio, he seemed noticeably more lethargic, in February 1999, Siskel announced he was taking a leave of absence for further treatment of the tumor, hoping to return
At the Movies (U.S. TV series)
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On-screen graphic from Siskel & Ebert.
At the Movies (U.S. TV series)
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On-screen graphic from Ebert & Roeper.
At the Movies (U.S. TV series)
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On-screen graphic from Roger Ebert & the Movies.
At the Movies (U.S. TV series)
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On-screen graphic from Ebert & Roeper and the Movies.
47.
Brett Ratner
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Brett Ratner is an American film producer, entertainment businessman, and director of motion pictures, music videos, and television. He is known for directing the Rush Hour film series, The Family Man, Red Dragon, X-Men, The Last Stand, and Tower Heist. He was also a producer on the Fox drama series, Prison Break and he is the co-founder of RatPac-Dune Entertainment, a prolific film production and financing company. Ratner was born and raised in Miami Beach, Florida, the son of Marsha Pratts, a socialite and he grew up in a middle-class Jewish family. His father was the son of a wealthy Miami businessman and his mother was born in Cuba, and immigrated to the U. S. in the 1960s with her parents, Fanita and Mario Presman. Ratners mother was sixteen when he was born, Ratner attended Rabbi Alexander S. Gross Hebrew Academy elementary school and attended Alexander Muss High School in Israel and graduated in 1986 from Miami Beach Senior High School. He is a 1990 graduate of New York University, in 2010, he cited the 1980 boxing film Raging Bull as his inspiration to enter the world of film. Ratner was under consideration to direct X-Men and Superman Returns, although both were directed by Bryan Singer. After Singer left the X-Men franchise to direct Superman Returns, Ratner became director of X-Men, Ratner directed a Super Bowl ad for Wynn Las Vegas featuring Steve Wynn. In May 2008, it was announced that Ratner would be directing the long in-development Beverly Hills Cop IV, Ratner directed and served as an executive producer on the 2011 CBS comedy-drama television series CHAOS. In the same year, Ratner also directed the ensemble comedy caper Tower Heist, in May 2011, it was announced that Ratner signed on to direct The 39 Clues, the live-action adaptation of the young-adult book series. Ashton Kutcher later arrived at his home and hugged him after Jackman was punkd. He also appeared as himself in Entourage, in an episode that was shot at his actual Beverly Hills home, according to an interview he did in Aventura Business Monthly and his publishing company, Rat Press, is re-releasing out of print books about Hollywood. The first three books, released on March 25,2009, are about Marlon Brando, Robert Evans, brett Ratner also created his own magazine titled Ratmag through celebrity magazine publisher MYMAG. Ratner produced a remake of Snow White, Mirror Mirror, based on the screenplay The Brothers Grimm, Ratner has produced feature films, TV series, and documentaries. He executive produced the 2010 documentary film, Catfish and the 2011 TV documentary, American Masters, Ratner also produced Skyline and Horrible Bosses. In December 2012, Ratner and Australian media mogul James Packer formed a joint venture, the firm will produce independent films and co-produce big-budget films with a major studio. RatPac and Dune Entertainment formed an investment vehicle, which in September 2013, entered a multi-year
Brett Ratner
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Ratner at the 2012
Tribeca Film Festival
48.
Max Landis
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Max Landis is an American screenwriter, director, producer, comic book writer, and actor. He is best known for writing the films Chronicle, American Ultra and he is the son of director John Landis and costume designer and historian Deborah Nadoolman Landis. Landis was born in Beverly Hills, California, the son of director John Landis and costume designer and he left Beverly Hills High School for a therapeutic boarding school in Connecticut, but still graduated with Beverly Hills High School diploma. Since he started writing at 16, Landis has written 75 screenplays and he sold his first script at the age of 18, a collaboration with his father, John, on the Masters of Horror episode Deer Woman. He would later be asked to return to the series in its incarnation, Fear Itself. He also wrote for Bluewater Productions Back to Mysterious Island, a 2008 comic series, Landis has made cameo appearances in a number of John Landis films, including The Stupids, Blues Brothers 2000 and Burke and Hare. In 2011 and 2012, Landis was listed among Forbes magazines 30 Under 30 young people to watch in the entertainment industry, while attending the University of Miami, Landis wrote numerous shorts which were produced by students in the schools film program. Upon leaving the university, Landis went on a spec-selling streak, first, Landis sold Chronicle to producer John Davis and 20th Century Foxs Davis Entertainment. The Chronicle script was included on the Black List, an annual compendium of the years best unproduced screenplays. Chronicle was released on February 3,2012, the film opened in 2,907 theaters and exceeded expectations by grossing $22,000,000 to win the weekend box office. Landis wrote a draft for a sequel, but Fox was unhappy with the draft, Davis and Fox again opted to team with Landis for a film based on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein. In September 2012, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Landis created a TV series for Fox, Landis will also write the pilot script. Though the initial report described the show as a police drama. On the same day Chronicle was released, Landis released a comedic film to YouTube entitled The Death. In 2012 Landis began work on his directorial debut Me Him Her, the film was released in March 2016. In February 2015, Landis directed Ariana Grandes music video One Last Time, in March 2015, Landis, a wrestling fan, released a short film, Wrestling Isnt Wrestling, for free on YouTube. The comedic film explained the nature of wrestling using the career of wrestler Triple H. Several actors and wrestlers had cameos, in response, Triple H described the film as awesome and that Landis gets it
Max Landis
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Landis in 2012
49.
Victor Frankenstein (film)
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Victor Frankenstein is a 2015 American science fiction fantasy horror film based on contemporary adaptations of Mary Shelleys 1818 novel Frankenstein. It is directed by Paul McGuigan and written by Max Landis, starring James McAvoy as Victor Frankenstein and Daniel Radcliffe as Igor, the film was released by 20th Century Fox on November 25,2015. Told from Igors perspective, it shows the troubled young assistants dark origins and his friendship with the young medical student. Through Igors eyes, the witnesses the emergence of Frankenstein as the man from the legend we know today. Eventually, their experiments get them into trouble with the authorities, the film received generally negative reviews and became a box office bomb, grossing $34.2 million against a budget of $40 million. After Igor suggests they use electricity to animate their creations, Victor procures parts from dead animals and creates a monstrous chimpanzee-esque creature nicknamed Gordon. Meanwhile, Igor reunites with Lorelei, now masquerading as the mistress of a closeted homosexual baron, Igor invites Lorelei to a demonstration of their experiment, which goes awry when Gordon escapes and wreaks havoc through the university before being killed by Victor and Igor. Victor is expelled from college for his methods, and later approached by his wealthy, arrogant classmate Finnegan. Victor and Igor outline a behemoth being known as Prometheus, Igor is mistrustful of Finnegan and leaves after having a falling out with Victor. Finnegan later kidnaps and binds him, revealing his plans to kill Victor once Prometheus is complete, Igor is then thrown into the River Thames to drown, but manages to escape and reunites with Lorelei, who nurses him back to health. Once recovered, Igor returns to Finnegans estate with Lorelei in tow in order to rescue Victor and he ignores Igors pleas not to and activates the machine. Due to a power surge the machinery overloads however, killing Finnegan, after the ensuing chaos Turpin unexpectedly arrives, blaming and threatening Victor for his creation, upon which both realise the experiment was a success and Prometheus came to life. Victor shares a moment with Prometheus, thinking him to be his resurrected brother Henry. But he quickly realizes that the experiment is failed, Prometheus had no conciousness, shocked Turpin opens fire on Prometheus, who falls in rage and eventually kills Turpin. Disillusioned Victor joins forces with Igor to kill Prometheus by stabbing its two hearts, Victor retreats to the Scottish countryside in search of new discoveries. Paul McGuigan was announced as the director in September 2012. and Daniel Radcliffe also began talks to join the film that month, in July 2013, James McAvoy joined the cast to play Victor Frankenstein. Jessica Brown Findlay joined that September, in October 2013, the films release date was delayed from October 17,2014 to January 16,2015. In March 2014, the film was pushed again to October 2,2015
Victor Frankenstein (film)
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Theatrical release poster
404 (September. 2017[update])[3]
