Rouran Khaganate
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The Rouran Khaganate, also known as Ruanruan or Juan-juan, was a tribal confederation and later state. The Rouran state was undoubtedly multi-ethnic, most of the historical sources state that they wer
Ambassador from the Ruoran (Ruiruiguo 芮芮國) in The Gathering of Kings (王會圖), circa 650 CE
Gaochang was subjugated by the Rouran in 460.
The Rouran Khaganate and main polities around 500 AD
Pursuit by Mongol Warriors
Xianbei
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The Xianbei were an ancient nomadic people who inhabited parts of present-day northeastern China, Inner Mongolia, and the eastern Eurasian steppe. The Xianbei were likely not of a single ethnicity, bu
Rouran Khaganate
…while the Book of Wei connected them to Proto-Mongolic Donghu. The Rouran supreme rulers used the title of khagan, a popular title borrowed from the Xianbei. The Rouran Khaganate lasted from the late 4th century until the middle 6th century with territory that covered all of modern-day Mongolia and Inner…
Figure of a Xianbei warrior from the Northern dynasties (286–581) era. The figure wear a covered "wind hat", trousers, short upper tunic, and a cape tied around the neck, designed to protect against the wind and dust.
Flying Horse plaque, Xianbei culture, Inner Mongolia province, China. 1st century BC to 1st century AD.
Han-era Xianbei belt fasteners from a Xianbei tomb in Yushu, Jilin
Xianbei belt buckles, 3–4th century AD