1.
Ministry of Defence Police
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The Ministry of Defence Police is a civilian police force which is part of the United Kingdoms Ministry of Defence. The MDP are not Military Police and should not be confused with the Royal Military Police or any other Service Police organisation, the MDP has an established strength of 2,700 police officers, based at numerous defence locations across the United Kingdom. The force, which consists of two divisions, is headquartered at MDP Wethersfield, Essex, Although superficially similar to other UK police forces, the MDP is significantly different in role, function and accountability. MDP officers are attested as constables under the Ministry of Defence Police Act 1987, all MDP officers are trained to use firearms and 90% of those on duty are armed at any given time. These overseas missions are carried out under the mandates of the United Nations, NATO, or the Foreign, the MDP is currently undergoing significant restructuring as part of the coalition governments post 2010 austerity measures, and the Strategic Defence and Security Review. Its budget was cut from £360 million to £180 million and it is to lose 20% of its manpower, the new, smaller force will concentrate on high end tasks such as nuclear weapons security and mobile armed policing of the defence estate. The Ministry of Defence Police was formed in 1971 by the merger of three civil constabularies, the Air Force Department Constabulary, the Army Department Constabulary, and the Admiralty Constabulary. These earlier constabularies were formed as a result of the Special Constables Act 1923 and their powers came from different legislative sources. During the period 2004 -2013 the MDP was part of the wider Ministry of Defence Police, as a result of cuts made to the UK defence budget, arising from the Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010, the MDPGA was disbanded on 1 April 2013. The MDP returned to police force status. The MGS was cut heavily and became part of the new Defence Infrastructure Organisation, the MDP are not Military Police and should not be confused with the Royal Military Police or any other Service Police organisation. Although some critics in the press and pressure groups consider the MDP to be a Paramilitary force, this is a claim that is denied by the MDP, to provide specialist civil policing support to defence and other international policing commitments, in support of UK government policy. To maintain specialist policing capabilities that can be deployed at short notice as part of the response to requirements at defence establishments in the UK. The MDP is currently deployed at approximately 55 defence locations around the United Kingdom and these include—but are no longer limited to—military establishments, defence housing estates, military training areas, the royal dockyards, and the Atomic Weapons Establishment. Since January 2008, the MDP has also taken on the role of providing armed security at four gas terminals in the UK, part of the Critical National Infrastructure. In February 2015, the MDP deployed officers to GCHQ Cheltenham on a full-time basis, the MDP once had a presence at 120 Ministry of Defence sites such as the Royal Arsenal, munitions and storage depots, Royal Ordnance Factories, and Defence Research Establishments. Many Armed Forces locations that previously relied upon the MDP for armed security have transferred that role to the Military Provost Guard Service, some have retained an MDP presence for purely policing purposes, albeit in reduced numbers. The MDP is classified by the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 as a police force
2.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
3.
British Army
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The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom. As of 2017 the British Army comprises just over 80,000 trained Regular, or full-time, personnel and just over 26,500 trained Reserve, or part-time personnel. Therefore, the UK Parliament approves the continued existence of the Army by passing an Armed Forces Act at least once every five years, day to day the Army comes under administration of the Ministry of Defence and is commanded by the Chief of the General Staff. Repeatedly emerging victorious from these decisive wars allowed Britain to influence world events with its policies and establish itself as one of the leading military. In 1660 the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were restored under Charles II, Charles favoured the foundation of a new army under royal control and began work towards its establishment by August 1660. The Royal Scots Army and the Irish Army were financed by the Parliament of Scotland, the order of seniority of the most senior line regiments in the British Army is based on the order of seniority in the English army. At that time there was only one English regiment of dragoons, after William and Marys accession to the throne, England involved itself in the War of the Grand Alliance, primarily to prevent a French invasion restoring Marys father, James II. Spain, in the two centuries, had been the dominant global power, and the chief threat to Englands early transatlantic ambitions. The territorial ambitions of the French, however, led to the War of the Spanish Succession and the Napoleonic Wars. From the time of the end of the Seven Years War in 1763, Great Britain was the naval power. As had its predecessor, the English Army, the British Army fought the Kingdoms of Spain, France, and the Netherlands for supremacy in North America and the West Indies. With native and provincial assistance, the Army conquered New France in the North American theatre of the Seven Years War, the British Army suffered defeat in the American War of Independence, losing the Thirteen Colonies but holding on to Canada. The British Army was heavily involved in the Napoleonic Wars and served in campaigns across Europe. The war between the British and the First French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte stretched around the world and at its peak, in 1813, the regular army contained over 250,000 men. A Coalition of Anglo-Dutch and Prussian Armies under the Duke of Wellington, the English had been involved, both politically and militarily, in Ireland since being given the Lordship of Ireland by the Pope in 1171. The campaign of the English republican Protector, Oliver Cromwell, involved uncompromising treatment of the Irish towns that had supported the Royalists during the English Civil War, the English Army stayed in Ireland primarily to suppress numerous Irish revolts and campaigns for independence. Having learnt from their experience in America, the British government sought a political solution, the British Army found itself fighting Irish rebels, both Protestant and Catholic, primarily in Ulster and Leinster in the 1798 rebellion. The Haldane Reforms of 1907 formally created the Territorial Force as the Armys volunteer reserve component by merging and reorganising the Volunteer Force, Militia, Great Britains dominance of the world had been challenged by numerous other powers, in the 20th century, most notably Germany
4.
Defence College of Policing and Guarding
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The Defence College of Policing and Guarding is the training centre for the Service Police of the British Armed Forces. The College was opened in 2005 at Southwick House, the site of HMS Dryad. The regimental headquarters of the Royal Military Police also moved to the site following withdrawal from Roussillon Barracks, RAF Police training moved from RAF Halton in 2005. Royal Navy Police training moved from HMS Excellent in November 2005, Training is accredited by the University of Teesside and is validated by the National Policing Improvement Agency who assure standards on behalf of the Home Office. The facilities allow training in most aspects of policing, including Crime Scene Investigation, soldiers entering the Royal Military Police are posted to the college having completed Phase 1 training at the Army Training Centre, Pirbright. Successful completion results in promotion to corporal and posting to an operational unit as a probationer. Officers for the Royal Military Police undertake training on completion of commissioning courses at Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, airmen are posted to the college having completed Phase 1 training at RAF Halton. Successful completion results in the individual being promoted to Acting Corporal, officers of the Royal Air Force Police undertake training on completion of commissioning at Royal Air Force College Cranwell. On completion of training they will be promoted to the rank, in November 2016, a Defence Estate review by the Ministry of Defence gave an estimated disposal date of 2025 for Southwick Park. It is intended that the College will relocate to Worthy Down Barracks, Winchester, while other specialised functions will relocate to Aldershot
5.
Colonel-in-chief
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Colonel-in-Chief is a ceremonial position in a military regiment. It is in use in several Commonwealth armies, where it is held by the regiments patron. The position was used in the armies of several European monarchies. A Colonel-in-Chief has a ceremonial role in their regiment. The Norwegian Army has taken a more whimsical approach to the position, historically a Colonel-in-Chief was the ceremonial head of a regiment, usually a member of a European countrys royal family. The practice extends at least back to 1740 in Prussia when Frederick II held that position in the newly created Garde du Corps, an elite heavy cavalry regiment. By the late 19th Century the designation could be given to the children of royalty, the German Kaiser Wilhelm II carried the title to an extreme, holding it in literally dozens of German and Austro-Hungarian, British, Russian, and Portuguese regiments. In addition, his mother, wife, son, and daughters were also full or deputy Colonels-in-Chief of various units, in modern usage, the Colonel-in-Chief of a regiment is its patron, who has a ceremonial role in the life of the regiment. They do not have a role, or the right to issue orders. The chief purpose of the Colonel-in-Chief is to maintain a link between the regiment and the royal family. Some artillery regiments have a Captain-General instead of a Colonel-in-Chief, Colonels-in-Chief are appointed at the invitation of the regiment. While it is traditional for a royal personage to hold the position, as of 2015, most Colonels-in-Chief in the British Army are members of the British royal family. These exceptions, however, do not change the raison dêtre of the post, the role has spread to other armies in the Commonwealth of Nations, at least in countries which have royal families
6.
Nick Carter (British Army officer)
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General Sir Nicholas Patrick Nick Carter, KCB, CBE, DSO, ADC Gen is a senior British Army officer. He served as commanding officer of 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets in which role he was deployed to Bosnia in 1998, after service in Afghanistan, he took command of 20th Armoured Brigade in 2004 and commanded British forces in Basra. After that he became Deputy Commander Land Forces in which role he was the architect of the Army 2020 concept. After a tour as Deputy Commander, International Security Assistance Force, in September 2014, he became head of the British Army as Chief of the General Staff succeeding General Sir Peter Wall. Born in Nairobi, Colony of Kenya the son of Gerald and Elspeth Carter, Carter was educated at Winchester College and he was commissioned into the Royal Green Jackets as second lieutenant on 8 April 1978, initially holding a short service commission. Promoted to lieutenant on 8 April 1980, he switched to a full commission in 1982. As a junior officer he served in Northern Ireland, Cyprus, Germany, promoted to major on 30 September 1991, he attended Staff College, Camberley later that year before becoming a company commander with 3rd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets in 1992. Carter was promoted lieutenant colonel on 30 June 1996, in 1998 he was appointed Commanding Officer of 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets in which role he was deployed to Bosnia in 1998 and Kosovo in 1999. For his service in Bosnia, he was awarded the Queens Commendation for Valuable Service on 7 May 1999, Carter later described the role as being the meat in the sandwich. He was advanced to Officer of the Order of the British Empire on 3 November 2000, Carter was promoted to colonel on 31 December 2000 and advanced to Commander of the Order of the British Empire on 29 April 2003, following service in the War in Afghanistan. On 7 September 2004 he was awarded a further Queens Commendation for Valuable Service for his service in Iraq, promoted to major general on 23 January 2009, became General Officer Commanding 6th Division which was deployed to Afghanistan with Carter as Commander ISAF Regional Command South. In September 2009, referring to the efforts of UK and NATO forces, after returning to the UK in November 2010, he gave an interview in which he warned that the insurgency is resilient, and alive and well. He was the architect of the Army 2020 concept and reported on his recommendations in April 2012. Carter was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath in the 2014 New Year Honours, on 21 February 2014 it was announced that Carter would assume the post of Chief of the General Staff. He took up his post and was promoted to general on 5 September 2014. As of 2015, Carter was paid a salary of between £170,000 and £174,999 by the department, making him one of the 328 most highly paid people in the British public sector at that time. Carter was awarded the US Legion of Merit on 18 March 2016 for services in Afghanistan, on 1 February 2013, he succeeded Sir Nick Parker as Colonel-Commandant of The Rifles. Carter has been criticised on several occasions by American officers for his conduct, Bolger further stated, Hes not the type of general I would put in charge of anything
7.
Royal Armoured Corps
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The Royal Armoured Corps provides the armour capability of the British Army, with vehicles such as the Challenger 2 Tank and the Scimitar Reconnaissance Vehicle. It was created as an association of armoured regiments, both the Royal Tank Regiment and those converted from old horse cavalry regiments. Today it comprises fourteen regiments - ten Regular and four Yeomanry, the RAC was created on 4 April 1939, just before World War II started, by combining regiments from the cavalry of the line which had mechanised with the Royal Tank Corps. As the war went on and other cavalry and Territorial Army Yeomanry units became mechanised. A significant number of infantry battalions converted to the armoured role as RAC regiments. In addition, the RAC created its own training and support regiments, finally, in 1944, the RAC absorbed the regiments of the Reconnaissance Corps. The Royal Armoured Corps is divided into regiments which operate main battle tanks, those in vehicles. Of these, three regiments are designated Dragoon Guards, two as Hussars, one as Lancers and one as Dragoons, the remaining regiment is the Royal Tank Regiment. In the regular army, there are three armoured regiments, three armoured regiments and three light cavalry regiments. In the army reserve, there is one armoured regiment and three cavalry regiments. Through this, operational and training cycles are aligned, resources shared, in the Royal Armoured Corps this manifests with each yeomanry unit being paired with a regular unit of the same role. Thus, The 1st Queens Dragoon Guards is paired with Royal Yeomanry, the Scots Dragoon Guards are paired with the Scottish & North Irish Yeomanry. The Light Dragoons with the Queens Own Yeomanry, the Royal Wessex Yeomanry, uniquely as the lone armoured reserve regiment, is paired with the Kings Royal Hussars, the Queens Royal Hussars and the Royal Tank Regiment. Regiments of the Royal Armoured Corps are based in the UK and this was formed in 2014 by the amalgamation of the Heavy Cavalry and Cambrai Band, and the Light Cavalry Band. The Band of the Royal Armoured Corps is stationed at Catterick, additonally the Royal Yeomanry operates an Army Reserve Band, which, alongside the bands of the Household Division, and The Honourable Artilley Regimental Band, form the state bands. The reorganisation of the Army announced in 2004 led to significant changes to the Royal Armoured Corps, reorganisation that began in 2003 would see three armoured regiments removed from Germany to the UK, with one re-roled as an FR regiment. In addition, three Challenger 2 squadrons will be converted to Interim Medium Armour Squadrons, while each FR regiment will gain a Command and these proposals were intended to reduce the size of the army to around 82,000. Armoured regiments would consist of Type 56 regiments, each with three Sabre Squadrons and a command and recce squadron, jackal regiments will be part of the Adaptable Force, comprising three Sabre Squadrons
8.
Infantry of the British Army
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The Infantry of the British Army, part of the structure of the British Army, comprises 47 infantry battalions, from 19 regiments. Of these,33 battalions are part of the Regular army, the British Armys Infantry forms a highly flexible organisation, taking on a variety of roles, including armoured, mechanised, air assault and light. Traditionally, regiments that form the arms of the British Army recruit from specific areas of the country. Infantry regiments had been assigned specific areas from which they would recruit from by the mid eighteenth century and these were formalised under the Cardwell Reforms that began in the 1860s. Under this scheme, single battalion regiments were amalgamated into two battalion regiments, then assigned to a depot and associated recruiting area. The recruiting area would become part of the regiments title. It was this that gave rise to the concept of the county regiment, over time, regiments have been amalgamated further, which has led to recruiting areas of individual regiments increasing in size. Often, these amalgamations have been between regiments whose recruiting areas border each other, however, there have been occasions where regiments of a similar type, but from widely different areas, have been amalgamated. Two modern examples have been the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers and The Light Infantry, since September 2007, when the most recent reforms were completed, the infantry has consisted of 18 separate regiments. The five regiments of foot guards recruit from their home nations. Scotland, Ireland and Wales each have a regiment of line infantry from which they recruit, while England has seven line infantry. They initially enlisted for seven years with the colours and a five years with the reserve. They trained at their own regimental depot and this course, called the Combat Infantrymans Course, lasts 26 weeks as standard and teaches recruits both the basics of soldiering and the specifics of soldiering in the infantry. On completion of the CIC, the newly qualified infantry soldier will then be posted to his battalion, for some infantry units, the CIC is longer, due to specific additional requirements for individual regiments, The Foot Guards CIC has an additional two-week enhanced drill course. The Parachute Regiment CIC has an additional two-week Pre-Parachute Selection course, the Brigade of Gurkhas CIC combines the Common Military Syllabus with the CIC, together with courses on British culture and the English Language. The Gurkha CIC lasts 37 weeks, new officers conduct their Phase 1 training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Phase 2 training for officers, which is encompassed by the Platoon Commanders Battle Course, is run at the Infantry Battle School at Brecon in Wales and it is here that leadership and tactics are taught to new platoon commanders. New NCOs and Warrant Officers are also sent on courses at Brecon when they come up for promotion, Phase 3 training is also undertaken at the Support Weapons School at Warminster, where new officers, NCOs and soldiers are trained in the use of support weapons and in communications
9.
Guards Division
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The Guards Division is an administrative unit of the British Army responsible for the administration of the regiments of Foot Guards and the London Regiment. The Guards division was established by renaming the Brigade of Guards in 1968, the depot was established at Wellington Barracks in London. They represent the battalions at significant events, such as Trooping the Colour. As such, each company is an independent unit of their regiment, the colours and traditions of each battalion are kept and maintained by the incremental companies. The British Army, A Pocket Guide, 2012-2013, Brigade of Guards at regiments. org by T. F. Mills at the Wayback Machine
10.
King's Division
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The Kings Division is a British Army command, training and administrative apparatus designated for infantry regiments in the North of England. The Kings Division was formed in 1968 with the union of the Lancastrian Brigade, Yorkshire Brigade, the depot was established at Queen Elizabeth II Barracks in Strensall. The Band was formed through the amalgamation of two former bands, the Normandy Band and the Waterloo Band. A written statement says that The Mercian Regiment from the Prince of Wales’s Division will join with the King’s Division, the British Army, A Pocket Guide, 2012-2013. Kings Division The Band of The Kings Division The Band of The Yorkshire Regiment
11.
Queen's Division
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The Queens Division is a British Army command, training and administrative apparatus designated for the regiments from the east and south of England and the remaining regiment of Fusiliers. The Queens Division was formed in 1968 with the regimentation of the Home Counties Brigade, Fusilier Brigade and East Anglian Brigade, the depot was established at Bassingbourn Barracks in Cambridgeshire. The Queens Division also maintains a single Band of the Queens Division and this was formed in 2006 by the amalgamation of two former divisional bands, the Minden Band and the Normandy Band. The British Army, A Pocket Guide, 2012-2013
12.
Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)
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The Parachute Regiment, colloquially known as the Paras, is an elite airborne infantry regiment of the British Army. One battalion is permanently under the command of the Director Special Forces in the Special Forces Support Group, the other battalions are the parachute infantry component of the British Armys rapid response formation,16 Air Assault Brigade. The Paras are the line infantry regiment of the British Army that has not been amalgamated with another unit since the end of the Second World War. The Parachute Regiment was formed on 22 June 1940 during the Second World War, in Europe, these battalions formed part of the 1st Airborne Division, the 6th Airborne Division and the 2nd Independent Parachute Brigade Group. Another three battalions served with the British Indian Army in India and Burma, the regiment took part in six major parachute assault operations in North Africa, Italy, Greece, France, the Netherlands and Germany, often landing ahead of all other troops. At the end of the Second World War, the regiment was reduced to three regular army battalions first assigned to the 16th Parachute Brigade and later the 5th Airborne Brigade, the reserve 16th Airborne Division was formed using the regiment reserve battalions in the Territorial Army. Defence cuts gradually reduced the TA formations to a parachute brigade, the Parachute Regiment consists of three regular army battalions, the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, and an Army Reserve battalion, the 4th. The 1st is based at St Athan, Wales, and is attached to the Special Forces Support Group. They receive further training on weapons, communications equipment and specialist assault skills. All men within the Parachute Regiment can expect to serve with the SFSG on rotation and this ensures that the advanced military skills taught to the SFSG are maintained in the other two regular battalions. The 2nd and 3rd battalions are the infantry component of the 16 Air Assault Brigade, the armys rapid response brigade. The reserve 4th Battalion has its headquarters at Pudsey and companies in Glasgow, Liverpool, volunteers for the Parachute Regiment are invited to a 3-day insight course at the Parachute Regiment Assessment Course at Catterick Garrison. Over the three days, they have to pass a series of fitness assessments. All recruit training is undertaken over a 30-week course with 2nd Infantry Training Battalion at the Infantry Training Centre at Catterick. P company puts recruits through a number of physical assessments designed to test fitness, stamina, at the end of P Company, recruits take part in eight pre-parachute selection tests. Those who are successful are awarded their maroon beret, currently, recruits for the Parachute Regiment must be male and aged 16 to 33 for the regular Army, or 18 to 40 for the Army Reserve. Potential Officers must be aged 18 to 29, on completion of his basic training and entry into his battalion, recruits are posted to RAF Brize Norton for a Basic Parachute Course. Since 1995, all jumps are carried out from powered aircraft
13.
Royal Gurkha Rifles
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The Royal Gurkha Rifles is a rifle regiment of the British Army, forming part of the Brigade of Gurkhas. Unlike other regiments in the British army, soldiers are recruited from Nepal and their motto is, Better to die than live a coward. 2nd Battalion, Royal Gurkha Rifles, formed by renaming the 1st Bn, 3rd Battalion, Royal Gurkha Rifles, formed by renaming the 1st Bn, 10th Princess Marys Own Gurkha Rifles. The 3rd Battalion was amalgamated with the 2nd Battalion in 1996 as part of run down of British forces in Hong Kong, in December 1995, Lieutenant-Colonel Bijaykumar Rawat became the commanding officer of the 1st Battalion, the first Nepalese to become a battalion commander in the RGR. He oversaw the departure of the battalion from Hong Kong just before that citys transfer to Chinese control, during this tour, Cornet Harry Wales was attached for a period to the 1st Battalion as a Forward Air Controller. Under Army 2020, the regiment was intended to provide two light battalions, rotating between Brunei and the UK, with their higher unit as 11th Infantry Brigade. However, in June 2015, the 2nd Battalion, then based in the UK, was reassigned to part of 16 Air Assault Brigade. The two battalions of the RGR are formed as light role infantry, the first battalion is based at the British garrison in Brunei as part of Britains commitment to maintaining a military presence in Southeast Asia. The second battalion is based at Shorncliffe, near Folkestone in Kent as part of 16 Air Assault Brigade, a post on the Gurkha Brigade website in August 2016 noted that the RGR will grow in personnel size in the future. Corporal Dip Prasad Pun of the 1st battalion was awarded Conspicuous Gallantry Cross for an act of bravery during the War in Afghanistan in 2010 and he alone defended his outpost against a force of up to 30 Taliban fighters. He fired more than 400 rounds,17 grenades, and one mine and he even resorted to fighting with his machine gun tripod after his ammunition had run out
14.
The Rifles
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The Rifles is an infantry regiment of the British Army. Formed in 2007, it consists of five Regular and two Reserve battalions, plus a number of companies in other Army Reserve battalions, each battalion of The Rifles was formerly an individual battalion of one of the two large regiments of the Light Division. Since formation the regiment has been involved in operations, first in the later stages of the Iraq War. The Rifles was created as a result of the Future Army Structure, however, on 24 November 2005, the Ministry of Defence announced that the four regiments would amalgamate into a single five-battalion regiment. The 1st Battalion undertook a tour in Afghanistan between October 2008 and April 2009 mentoring the Afghan National Army in Helmand Province, the 5th Battalion was one of the last British Army units to leave Iraq in May 2009. The 4th Battalion provided reinforcement cover for the elections in Afghanistan, at the same time the 2nd Battalion was deployed to Sangin and was relieved in due course by the 3rd Battalion. The 2nd and 5th battalions of the Rifles returned for a tour of duty in Afghanistan serving in the Nahri Saraj District in October 2011. Initially configured in the role as part of 3 Commando Brigade, it moved to 160th Infantry Brigade. Personnel were based at Beachley Barracks, Chepstow, 2nd Battalion, a redesignation of the 1st Battalion, Royal Green Jackets. Initially configured in the role as part of 19 Light Brigade. Personnel are based at Thiepval Barracks, Lisburn, 3rd Battalion, a redesignation of the 2nd Battalion, The Light Infantry. Initially configured in the role as part of 52nd Infantry Brigade, it moved to 51st Infantry Brigade. Personnel are based at Dreghorn Barracks, Edinburgh, 4th Battalion, a redesignation of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Green Jackets. Initially configured in the role as part of 1 Mechanised Brigade. Personnel are based at New Normandy Barracks in Aldershot Garrison, the battalion will convert to a Specialised Infantry battalion, to provide an increased contribution to countering terrorism and building stability overseas. 5th Battalion - redesignation of the 1st Battalion, The Light Infantry, configured in the armoured role as part of 20th Armoured Brigade, it will remain as a Warrior battalion under Army 2020. Personnel are based at Bulford Camp, 6th Battalion - redesignation of the Rifle Volunteers. It comes under 160th Infantry Brigade and Headquarters Wales and is paired with 1 RIFLES, personnel are based at Wyvern Barracks in Exeter with sub-units at Gloucester, Taunton, Dorchester, Shrewsbury, Hereford and Truro
15.
Special Air Service
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The Special Air Service is a special forces unit of the British Army. The SAS was founded in 1941 as a regiment, and later reconstituted as a corps in 1950, the unit undertakes a number of roles including covert reconnaissance, counter-terrorism, direct action and hostage rescue. The Special Air Service traces its origins to 1941 and the Second World War and it was reformed as part of the Territorial Army in 1947, named the 21st Special Air Service Regiment. It was conceived as a force to operate behind enemy lines in the North African Campaign. Its first mission, in November 1941, was a drop in support of the Operation Crusader offensive. Due to German resistance and adverse conditions, the mission was a disaster,22 men. Its second mission was a major success, transported by the Long Range Desert Group, it attacked three airfields in Libya, destroying 60 aircraft with the loss of 2 men and 3 Willys MB. In September 1942, it was renamed 1st SAS, consisting at that time of four British squadrons, one Free French, one Greek, in January 1943, Colonel Stirling was captured in Tunisia and Paddy Mayne replaced him as commander. In April 1943, the 1st SAS was reorganised into the Special Raiding Squadron under Maynes command and the Special Boat Squadron was placed under the command of George Jellicoe. The Special Raiding Squadron fought in Sicily and Italy along with the 2nd SAS, the Special Boat Squadron fought in the Aegean Islands and Dodecanese until the end of the war. In 1944 the SAS Brigade was formed from the British 1st and 2nd SAS, the French 3rd and 4th SAS and the Belgian 5th SAS. It was tasked with parachute operations behind the German lines in France and carried out supporting the Allied advance through Belgium, the Netherlands. As a result of Hitlers issuing of the Commando Order on 18 October 1942, in July 1944, following Operation Bulbasket,34 captured SAS commandos were summarily executed by the Germans. In October 1944, in the aftermath of Operation Loyton another 31 captured SAS commandos were summarily executed by the Germans, at the end of the war the British Government saw no further need for the force and disbanded it on 8 October 1945. The following year it was decided there was a need for a long-term deep-penetration commando unit, ultimately, the Artists Rifles, raised in 1860 and headquartered at Dukes Road, Euston, took on the SAS mantle as 21st SAS Regiment on 1 January 1947. In 1950, a 21 SAS squadron was raised to fight in the Korean War, after three months of training in Britain, it was informed that the squadron would no longer be required in Korea and so it instead volunteered to fight in the Malayan Emergency. Upon arrival in Malaya, it came under the command of Mike Calvert who was forming a new unit called the Malayan Scouts, the Rhodesians returned home after three years service and were replaced by a New Zealand squadron. By this time the need for a regular army SAS regiment had been recognised, in 1959 the third regiment, the 23rd SAS Regiment, was formed by renaming the Reserve Reconnaissance Unit, which had succeeded MI9 and whose members were experts in escape and evasion
16.
Army Air Corps (United Kingdom)
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The Army Air Corps is a component of the British Army, first formed in 1942 during the Second World War. There are eight regiments of the AAC as well as four Independent Flights and they are located in Britain, Brunei, Canada, and Germany. The AAC provides the air elements of 16 Air Assault Brigade through Joint Helicopter Command. The British Army first took to the sky during the 19th century with the use of observation balloons, in 1911 the Air Battalion of the Royal Engineers was the first heavier-than-air British military aviation unit. Between the wars, the Army used RAF co-operation squadrons, at the beginning of the Second World War, Royal Artillery officers, with the assistance of RAF technicians, flew Auster observation aircraft under RAF-owned Air Observation Post Squadrons. Twelve such squadrons were raised —three of which belonged to the RCAF—, early in the war, Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, announced the establishment of a new branch of army aviation, the Army Air Corps, formed in 1942. The corps initially comprised the Glider Pilot Regiment and the Parachute Battalions, in 1944, the SAS Regiment was added to the Corps. One of their most successful exploits during the war was Operation Deadstick, including the attack on Pegasus Bridge, once the three gliders landed, some roughly which incurred casualties, the pilots joined the glider-borne troops to act as infantry. The bridge was taken within ten minutes of the battle commencing and they were soon reinforced and relieved by soldiers from Lord Lovats 1 Special Service Brigade, famously led by piper Bill Millin. It was subsequently reinforced by units of the British 3rd Division. The pilots who had flown the gliders soon had to transfer to flying powered aircraft, becoming part of the RAF Air Observation Post Squadrons. In 1957 the Glider Pilot and Parachute Corps was renamed to The Parachute Regiment, while the Glider Pilot Regiment and the Air Observation Squadrons amalgamated into a new unit, from 1970, nearly every army brigade had at least one Aviation Squadron that usually numbered twelve aircraft. The main rotor aircraft during the 1970s were the Westland Scout, the Sioux was replaced from 1973 by the Westland Gazelle used for Airborne recce, initially unarmed, they were converted to carry 68mm SNEB rocket pods in 1982, during the Falklands War. The Scout was replaced from 1978 by the Westland Lynx, which was capable of carrying additional firepower in the form of door gunners. Basic rotary flying training was carried out on the Bell Sioux in the 1970s, fixed-wing types in AAC service have included the Auster AOP.6 and AOP.9 and DHC-2 Beaver AL.1 in the observation and liaison roles. Since 1989, the AAC have operated a number of Britten-Norman Islander and Defender aircraft for surveillance, the corps operated the DHC-1 Chipmunk T.10 in the training role until its replacement by the Slingsby T67 Firefly in the 1990s. The Firefly was replaced by the Grob Tutor in 2010, a further boost in the Army Air Corps capability came in the form of the Westland Apache AH.1 attack helicopter. In 2006, British Apaches deployed to Afghanistan as part of the NATO International Security Assistance Force, the strength of the Army Air Corps is believed to be some 2,000 Regular personnel, of which 500 are officers
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Special Reconnaissance Regiment
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The Special Reconnaissance Regiment, or SRR, is a special reconnaissance unit of the British Army. The regiment conducts a range of classified activities related to covert surveillance and reconnaissance. The SRR draws its personnel from existing units and can recruit volunteers from any serving male or female member of the British Armed Forces, the Special Reconnaissance Regiment conducts surveillance operations mainly concerning, but not limited to, counter-terrorism activities. It was formed to relieve the Special Air Service and the Special Boat Service of that role and is believed to contain around 500–700 personnel, media reports state they are based alongside the Special Air Service in Hereford. The SRR was formed to meet a demand for a reconnaissance capability identified in the Strategic Defence Review. The regiment was formed around a core of the already established 14 Intelligence Company, on 22 July 2005 Jean Charles de Menezes was shot dead by armed police officers on a London Underground train at Stockwell tube station. A partial Ministry of Defence response was reported by The Sunday Times, after an hour -long gunfight, Apache attack helicopters, the Gurkha Quick reaction force and the 16-man unit, supported by a U. S. A company from the Parachute Regiment in an RAF Chinook took off to them, a pair of Apaches spotted the bodies. One SBS member was awarded the MC for his actions in the ambush and he claimed that they would have no operational role and would be fully accountable, as required by the St Andrews Agreement. In late 2015, it was reported there were approximately 60 Special Reconnaissance Regiment plain-clothed and unarmed surveillance troops operating in Northern Ireland, personnel retain the uniforms of their parent organisations with the addition of an emerald grey coloured beret and the SRR cap badge. The cap badge shares Excalibur in common with the other UKSF units, in the case of the SRR being placed behind a Corinthian helmet, the stable belt of the SRR is similar in style to that of the SAS, however, being midnight blue, it is darker. Russia – 45th Spetsnaz Regiment France – 13th Parachute Dragoon Regiment Israel – Sayeret Matkal United States – Intelligence Support Activity
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Royal Artillery
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The Royal Regiment of Artillery, commonly referred to as the Royal Artillery, is the artillery arm of the British Army. Despite its name Royal Regiment of Artillery it actually consists of 13 Regular Regiments and 5 Reserve Regiments, the introduction of artillery into the English army came as early as the Battle of Crécy in 1346. Henry VIII made the armys artillery semi-permanent in the sixteenth century, before the 18th century, artillery traynes were raised by royal warrant for specific campaigns and disbanded again when they were over. On 26 May 1716, however, by warrant of George I two regular companies of field artillery, each 100 men strong, were raised at Woolwich. The title Royal Artillery was first used in 1720, in 1741 the Royal Military Academy was formed in the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich to provide training for RA and Royal Engineers officers. The regiment expanded rapidly and, by 1757, had 24 companies divided into two battalions, as well as a company formed in 1741. During 1748, the presidential artilleries of Bengal, Madras and Bombay were formed,1756 saw the creation of the Royal Irish Regiment of Artillery. In 1762 the Royal Artillery Band was formed at Minden, by 1771 there were 32 companies in four battalions, as well as two invalid companies comprising older and unfit men employed in garrison duties. During 1782, the regiment moved to the Royal Artillery Barracks on Woolwich Common, in January 1793, two troops of Royal Horse Artillery were raised to provide fire support for the cavalry, augmented by two more in November 1793. The Royal Irish Artillery was absorbed into the RA in 1801, during 1805, the Royal Military Academy moved to Woolwich Common. In 1819, the Rotunda was given to the regiment by the Prince Regent to celebrate end of the Napoleonic Wars, in 1832, the regimental motto, Ubique Quo Fas Et Gloria Ducunt, was granted. The motto signified that the regiment had seen action in all the conflicts of the British Army. The regiment was under the control of the Board of Ordnance until the board was abolished in 1855, thereafter the regiment came under the War Office along with the rest of the army. The School of Gunnery established at Shoeburyness, Essex in 1859, the third group continued to be titled simply Royal Artillery, and was responsible for ammunition storage and supply. Which branch a gunner belonged to was indicated by metal shoulder titles, the RFA and RHA also dressed as mounted men, whereas the RGA dressed like foot soldiers. In 1920 the rank of Bombardier was instituted in the Royal Artillery, the three sections effectively functioned as separate corps. This arrangement lasted until 1924, when the three amalgamated once more to one regiment. In 1938, RA Brigades were renamed Regiments, during the World War II there were over 1 million men serving in 960 gunner regiments
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Royal Engineers
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The Corps of Royal Engineers, usually just called the Royal Engineers, and commonly known as the Sappers, is one of the corps of the British Army. It is highly regarded throughout the military, and especially the Army and it provides military engineering and other technical support to the British Armed Forces and is headed by the Chief Royal Engineer. The Regimental Headquarters and the Royal School of Military Engineering are in Chatham in Kent, the corps is divided into several regiments, barracked at various places in the United Kingdom and around the world. In Woolwich in 1716, the Board formed the Royal Regiment of Artillery and established a Corps of Engineers, the manual work was done by the Artificer Companies, made up of contracted civilian artisans and labourers. In 1782, a Soldier Artificer Company was established for service in Gibraltar, ten years later the Gibraltar company, which had remained separate, was absorbed and in 1812 the name was changed to the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners. The Corps has no battle honours, in 1832, the regimental motto, Ubique Quo Fas Et Gloria Ducunt, was granted. The motto signified that the Corps had seen action in all the conflicts of the British Army. In 1911 the Corps formed its Air Battalion, the first flying unit of the British Armed Forces, the Air Battalion was the forerunner of the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Air Force. In 1915, in response to German mining of British trenches under the then static siege conditions of the First World War, before the Second World War, Royal Engineers recruits were required to be at least 5 feet 4 inches tall. They initially enlisted for six years with the colours and a six years with the reserve or four years. Unlike most corps and regiments, in which the age limit was 25. They trained at the Royal Engineers Depot in Chatham or the RE Mounted Depot at Aldershot, the Royal Engineers Museum is in Gillingham in Kent. Britain having acquired an Empire, it fell to the Royal Engineers to conduct some of the most significant civil engineering schemes around the world, some examples of great works of the era of empire can be found in A. J. Smitherss book Honourable Conquests. The Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, commanded by Richard Clement Moody, was responsible for the foundation, the Royal Albert Hall is one of the UKs most treasured and distinctive buildings, recognisable the world over. Since its opening by Queen Victoria in 1871, the leading artists from every kind of performance genre have appeared on its stage. The Hall was designed by Captain Francis Fowke and Major-General Henry Y. D. Scott of the Royal Engineers, the designers were heavily influenced by ancient amphitheatres, but had also been exposed to the ideas of Gottfried Semper while he was working at the Victoria and Albert Museum. Much of the British colonial era infrastructure of India, of which survive today, was created by engineers of the three presidencies armies and the Royal Engineers. In 1838 he designed and built sea defences for Vizagapatam and he masterminded the Godavery Delta project where 720,000 acres of land were irrigated and 500 miles of land to the port of Cocanada was made navigable in the 1840s
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Royal Corps of Signals
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The Royal Corps of Signals is one of the combat support arms of the British Army. Signals units are among the first into action, providing the battlefield communications, colloquially referred to by some as Siggies, Royal Signals units provide the full telecommunications infrastructure for the Army wherever they operate in the world. The Corps has its own engineers, logistics experts and systems operators to run radio, in 1870, C Telegraph Troop, Royal Engineers, was founded under Captain Montague Lambert. By 1871, C Troop had expanded in size from 2 officers and 133 other ranks to 5 officers and 245 other ranks, in 1879, C Troop first saw action during the Anglo-Zulu War. Signalling was the responsibility of the Telegraph Battalion until 1908, when the Royal Engineers Signal Service was formed, as such it provided communications during the First World War. It was about time that motorcycle despatch riders and wireless sets were introduced into service. A Royal Warrant for the creation of a Corps of Signals was signed by the Secretary of State for War, Winston Churchill, six weeks later, King George V conferred the title Royal Corps of Signals. Before the Second World War, Royal Signals recruits were required to be at least 5 feet 2 inches tall and they initially enlisted for eight years with the colours and a further four years with the reserve. They trained at the Signal Training Centre at Catterick Camp, all personnel were taught to ride. Throughout the Second World War, members of the Royal Corps of Signals had served in every theatre of war, by the end of the war the strength of the Corps was 8,518 officers and 142,472 other ranks. In the immediate period, the Corps played a full and active part in numerous campaigns, including Palestine, Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, Malaya. Soldiers from the Royal Signals delivered communications in the Falklands War, the first Gulf War, Bosnia, Kosovo, Sierra Leone, East Timor and they are currently deployed in Cyprus and Afghanistan. In late 2012, 2nd Signal Brigade disbanded, the future structure of the Royal Signals will change under Army 2020. Other ranks are trained both as soldiers and tradesmen. Their basic military training is delivered at the Army Training Regiment at Winchester before undergoing trade training at 11th Signal Regiment. Whilst SSgts are generally regarded as being Regimental Duty, this roster does not start until WO2, the Corps wears a blue and white tactical recognition flash. This is worn horizontally on the arm with the blue half charging forward. Airborne elements of the Royal Signals wear a Drop Zone flash on the arm of their combat jacket
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Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom)
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The Intelligence Corps is one of the corps of the British Army. It is responsible for gathering, analysing and disseminating military intelligence and also for counter-intelligence, the Director of the Intelligence Corps is a brigadier. In the 19th century, British intelligence work was undertaken by the Intelligence Department of the War Office, an important figure was Sir Charles Wilson, a Royal Engineer who successfully pushed for reform of the War Offices treatment of topographical work. Although the first proposals to create an intelligence corps came in 1905 and it left for France on 12 August 1914. The Royal Flying Corps was formed to monitor the ground, during the Irish War of Independence, Intelligence Corps operatives were used in an unsuccessful battle to defeat the Irish Republican Army. The Cairo Gang were overwhelmingly Intelligence Corps operatives, on Bloody Sunday,1920, twelve of these agents were assassinated at their lodgings by Michael Collins Squad. Due to this and similar failures, the Intelligence Corps was disbanded in 1929, on 19 July 1940 a new Intelligence Corps was created by Army Order 112 and has existed since that time. The Army had been unprepared for collecting intelligence for deployment to France, the Corps trained its operatives to parachute at RAF Ringway, who were then dropped over France as part of the Special Operations Executive. Intelligence Corps officers were involved in forming the highly-effective Long Range Desert Group, around 40% of British Army personnel at Bletchley Park were in the Intelligence Corps. The Corps gained its regimental march in 1956, first played at Kneller Hall, from August 1957, the Corps first had a permanent cadre of officers, previously all personnel serving in the corps were officers from other parts of the army, on occasional tours. Many members of the Intelligence Corps served in Northern Ireland during the Troubles, units such as the Military Reaction Force, Special Reconnaissance Unit, Force Research Unit and 14 Intelligence Company contained Corps soldiers and officers. On 1 February 1985 the corps was declared an Arm instead of a Service. Intelligence Corps personnel wear a distinctive green beret with a cap badge consisting of a union rose between two laurel branches and surmounted by a crown. Their motto is Manui Dat Cognitio Vires, the corps quick march is The Rose & Laurel while its slow march is Henry Purcells Trumpet Tune & Ayre. DISC was renamed as Joint Intelligence Training Group in January 2015, the corps has a particularly high proportion of commissioned officers, many of them commissioned from the ranks, and also a high percentage of female members. Non-commissioned personnel join as an Operator Military Intelligence or Operator Military Intelligence and they do basic 14-week military training at either the Army Training Centre, Pirbright, or the Army Training Regiment, Winchester. Forearmed, History of the Intelligence Corps, live and Let Spy, Brixmis the Last Cold War Mission
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Royal Army Chaplains' Department
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The Royal Army Chaplains Department is an all-officer corps that provides ordained clergy to minister to the British Army. The Army Chaplains Department was formed by Royal Warrant of 23 September 1796, previously chaplains had been part of individual regiments, but not on the central establishment. Only Anglican chaplains were recruited until 1827, when Presbyterians were recognised, Roman Catholic chaplains were recruited from 1836, Methodist chaplains from 1881, and Jewish chaplains from 1892. During the First World War some 4,400 Army Chaplains were recruited and 179 lost their lives on active service, the Department received the Royal prefix in February 1919. During the Second World War another 96 British and 38 Commonwealth Army Chaplains lost their lives, from 1946 until 1996, the RAChDs Headquarters, Depot and Training Centre were at Bagshot Park in Surrey, now the home of The Earl and Countess of Wessex. In 1996, they moved to the joint service Armed Forces Chaplaincy Centre at Amport House near Andover, uniquely within the British Army, the Royal Army Chaplains Department has different cap badges for its Christian and Jewish officers. Army chaplains, although they are all commissioned officers of the British Army and wear uniform and they are unique within the British Army in that they do not carry arms. At services on formal occasions, chaplains wear their medals and decorations on their clerical robes, the RAChDs motto is In this Sign Conquer as seen in the sky before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge by the Roman Emperor Constantine. Its regimental march, both quick and slow, is the Prince of Denmarks March, erroneously known as the Trumpet Voluntary, the Museum of Army Chaplaincy is located at Amport House near Andover, Hampshire. Chaplains are the only British Army officers who do not carry standard officer ranks and they are officially designated Chaplain to the Forces. They do, however, have grades which equate to the standard ranks, Chaplains are usually addressed as Padre /ˈpɑːdreɪ/, never by their nominal military rank. The Senior Roman Catholic Chaplain is sometimes ranked as a monsignor, the Sword of the Lord, Military Chaplains from the First to the Twenty-First Century. University of Notre Dame Press ISBN 0-268-02176-7 Kennedy, Geoffrey Anketell Studdert The Unutterable Beauty, ISBN 1-84685-110-6 Loudon, the Role of Army Chaplains since 1914. ISBN 1-86033-840-2 MacDonald, David R. Padre E. C, crosse and the Devonshire Epitaph, The Astonishing Story of One Man at the Battle of the Somme, ISBN 978-1-929569-45-8 McLaren, Stuart John Somewhere in Flanders. A Norfolk Padre in the Great War, the War Letters of the Revd Samuel Frederick Leighton Green MC, Army Chaplain 1916–1919. The Larks Press, Norfolk, UK,2005, ISBN 1-904006-25-6 Montell, Hugh A Chaplains War. The Story of Noel Mellish VC, MC, ISBN 1-84394-008-6 ORahilly, Alfred The Padre of Trench Street, ISBN 1-905363-15-X Purcell, William Woodbine Willie. Being some account of the life and times of Geoffrey Anketell Studdert Kennedy, poet, prophet, seeker after truth, London,1962 Smyth, Brigadier The Rt Hon
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Royal Logistic Corps
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The Royal Logistic Corps provides logistic support functions to the British Army. It is the largest Corps in the Army, the RLC flag is dark blue with the Corps Badge emblazoned on the centre. It has a Corps of Drums and a Marching Band, the RLC is the only Corps of the British Army with battle honours, derived from the usage of previous transport elements of the Royal Waggon Train, and their successors as cavalry. It is often seen on the insignia of Regiments and Corps with Royal in their title, RLC units include, RHQ The RLC. located at the Home of the Corps, Princess Royal Barracks, Deepcut. Defence Explosive Ordnance Disposal, Munitions and Search School formerly the Army School of Ammunition until 2009,15 Air Assault Close Support Squadron RLC. Attached to 13 Air Assault Support Regiment, Disbanded Units,2 Logistic Support Regiment RLC, based at Gutersloh. 8 Regiment - The Regiment formed in 1964 at Munster, Germany as 8 Transport Column, initially based in Nelson Barracks, it moved to Portsmouth Barracks and was disbanded in York Barracks on 27 March 2012. The regiment consisted of 3,5,13,27 and 64 Squadrons and in its time had attached pioneers from the RPC and it worked closely with the American Custodial Detachment whose role was maintenance of nuclear warheads and weapons components. The regiment directly supported the Gunners, firstly 24,39 and 50 Missile Regiments and this latter task was carried out in the UK from barracks at Catterick, 1993-2008. 12 Logistic Support Regiment - Disbanded at Abingdon 12 December 2013,19 Combat Service Support Battalion - a combined unit with a logistical squadron and an Equipment Support company. 23 Pioneer Regiment - a specialist pioneer unit with artisans, defence and Force Protection elements,24 Regiment - disbanded in Germany,30 January 2014. Part of 104th Logistic Support Brigade, drivers, Technicians, EOD all selected from the RLC. It is headed by a Colonel as the head of the Corps. There is also a head, who heads the Corps and its wider family such as the Associations and Cadets. Holders of the post include, General Sir Kevin ODonoghue Lieutenant General Mark Poffley The Sustainer is the magazine of the RLC Association, the Waggoner remains the Journal of the RASC/RCT Association. The RAOC Gazette that of the RAOC Association and the Pioneer of the RPC Association, the Review is an annual magazine of essays published by the Corps. The RLC has five Victoria Cross holders, Five derive historically from establishments that eventually became the Royal Corps of Transport, assistant Commissary James Langley Dalton VC. Second Lieutenant Alfred Cecil Herring VC. Army Service Corps, private Richard George Masters VC. Army Service Corps
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Royal Army Medical Corps
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The Royal Army Medical Corps is a specialist corps in the British Army which provides medical services to all Army personnel and their families, in war and in peace. Together with the Royal Army Veterinary Corps, the Royal Army Dental Corps and Queen Alexandras Royal Army Nursing Corps, because it is not a fighting arm, under the Geneva Conventions, members of the RAMC may only use their weapons for self-defence. Other ranks do not fix bayonets, neither do they prefix Surgeon in front of their rank as medical officers of the Royal Navy do. The RAMC, like every other British regiment, has its own distinctive unit insignia, dark blue beret, the default Army colour worn by units without distinctive coloured berets. There is also a small attachment to Special Forces, the Medical Support Unit who wear the beret of the SAS. Cap badge depicting the Rod of Asclepius, surmounted by a crown, enclosed within a wreath, with the regimental motto In Arduis Fidelis. The cap badge is worn 1 inch above the eye on the beret. The cap badge of the ranks must also be backed by an oval patch of dull cherry-red coloured cloth measuring 3.81 cm wide and 6.35 cm high sewn directly to the beret. Officers do not use the backing, but have a cloth cap badge instead. Silver regimental collar badges, a miniature of the cap badge, stable belt comprising equal horizontal bands of dull cherry, royal blue, and old gold, reflecting the old uniform worn in the 1900s, the gold depicting the royal in the title. Silver belt buckle with engraved regimental badge, Medical services in the British armed services go as far back as the formation of the Standing Regular Army after the Restoration of Charles II in 1660. This was the first time a career was provided for a Medical Officer, known as the Regimental Surgeon, both in peacetime and in war. The Army was formed entirely on a basis, and an MO with a Warrant Officer as his Assistant Surgeon was appointed to each regiment. The MO was also for the first time concerned in the health of his troops. This regimental basis of appointment for MOs continued until 1873, when an army medical service was set up. There was much unhappiness in the Army Medical Service in the following years, for medical officers did not actually have military rank but advantages corresponding to relative military rank. They had inferior pay in India, excessive amounts of Indian and colonial service and they did not have their own identity as did the Army Service Corps, whose officers did have military rank. A number of complaints were published, and the British Medical Journal campaigned loudly, for over two years after 27 July 1887 there were no recruits to the Army Medical Department
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Royal Army Dental Corps
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The Royal Army Dental Corps is a specialist corps in the British Army that provides oral hygiene services to British Army personnel and their families in war and in peace. The corps is a part of the British Armys Army Medical Services, in 1921, dentists of the RAMC were split off into a separate Army Dental Corps. The corps was awarded the prefix to become the Royal Army Dental Corps in November 1946 in recognition of its service in World War II. Qualified dentists are all commissioned officers, before the Second World War, ADC recruits were required to be at least 5 feet 2 inches tall and could enlist up to 30 years of age. They initially enlisted for seven years with the colours and a five years with the reserve. They trained at the Royal Army Medical Corps Depot, Crookham Camp, Aldershot, the two trades available at that time were Clerk Orderly and Dental Mechanic. Official site Royal Army Dental Corps Association
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Royal Army Veterinary Corps
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The Royal Army Veterinary Corps is an administrative and operational branch of the British Army responsible for the provision, training and care of animals. It is a corps, forming part of the Army Medical Services. Unusually, although it is responsible for providing what could be termed materiel, it is under the purview of the Adjutant-General, the original Army Veterinary Service within the Army Medical Department was founded in 1796 after public outrage concerning the death of Army horses. John Shipp was the first veterinary surgeon to be commissioned into the British Army when he joined the 11th Light Dragoons on 25 June 1796, the Honorary Colonel-in-Chief is the Princess Royal who has visited RAVC dog-handling units serving in Afghanistan. In late March 2016, the Ministry of Defence announced that Fitz Wygram House, the RAVC provides, trains and cares for mainly dogs and horses, but also tends to the various regimental mascots in the army, which range from goats to an antelope. Personnel include veterinary surgeons and veterinary technicians providing medical and surgical care to animals, dogs are used extensively in the theatre of war, and are organised within the Military Working Dog Regiment. Horses are used primarily for ceremonial purposes, although the Corps continues to rehearse procedures for the deployment of horses. The main location for the RAVC is the Defence Animal Centre based at Melton Mowbray in Leicestershire and they are also responsible for explosives and drug search dogs. Its only subsidiary regiment is the 1st Military Working Dog Regiment, sadie, a black labrador retriever belonging to 102 MWDSU and cared for by handler Lance Corporal Karen Yardley, won the PDSA Dickin Medal in 2007. In February 2010, Treo, a black Labrador-Spaniel crossbreed, was awarded the Dickin Medal for services in Afghanistan, in 2011 Lance Corporal Liam Tasker of 104 MWD Squadron was killed in Helmand Province, Afghanistan. He was posthumously mentioned in despatches and his Arms Explosive search dog, Theo, died shortly afterwards. Theo was posthumously awarded the Dickin Medal on 25 October 2012, a memorial to the RAVC and its predecessors was unveiled at the National Memorial Arboretum on 2 May 2014 by the Princess Royal. The History of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps, 1919–1961, review of The History of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps 1919–1961. A History of the Royal Army Veterinary Corps, 1796–1919, london, Baillière & Co. p.268
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Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps
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Queen Alexandras Royal Army Nursing Corps is the nursing branch of the British Army and part of the Army Medical Services. Although an official nursing service was not established until 1881, the corps traces its heritage to Florence Nightingale, who was instrumental in lobbying for the support of female military nurses. The Army Nursing Service, which had established in 1881. In 1897, in an effort to have nurses available if needed for war, nurses registered for the service and by the beginning of the First Boer War the reserve had around 100 members, but swelled its membership to over 1400 during the conflict. PCANSR eventually became the Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service, in March 1902, Queen Alexandra’s Imperial Military Nursing Service was established by Royal Warrant, and was named after Queen Alexandra, who became its President. In 1949, the QAIMNS became a corps in the British Army and was renamed as the Queen Alexandras Royal Army Nursing Corps, since 1950 the organisation has trained nurses, and in 1992 men were allowed to join. The associated Queen Alexandras Royal Army Nursing Corps Association is a registered charity, Queen Alexandra was President from 1902 until her death in 1925. The following year she was succeeded by Queen Mary, the Colonel In Chief is HRH The Countess of Wessex GCVO. The Corps has two Colonels Commandant, Colonel Sue Bush RRC who was appointed in 2011 and Colonel Jane Davis OBE QVRM TD DL who was appointed in 2014, the Territorial Force Nursing Service was established in 1909 as a sister organisation to the QAIMNS. Its purpose was to supplement the service in emergencies and all its members worked as nurses in civilian life. It was renamed the Territorial Army Nursing Service in 1921, when the Territorial Force was renamed the Territorial Army, the initial ranking system used by the QAIMNS was as follows
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Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
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The Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers is a corps of the British Army that maintains the equipment that the British Army utilises. Pursuant to the recommendation of a committee William Beveridge chaired, the Corps of Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers was formed on the 1st October 1942, such a major re-organisation was too complex to be carried out quickly and completely in the middle of a world war. Therefore the changeover was undertaken in two phases, at the same time a number of individual tradesmen were transferred into REME from other corps. The new corps was responsible for repairing the technical equipment of all arms with certain major exceptions. REME did not yet undertake, Those repairs which were carried out by tradesmen who were driver/mechanics or fitters in regiments. Repairs of RASC-operated vehicles, which remained the responsibility of the RASC, repairs of RE specialist equipment, which remained the responsibility of the RE. In 1949, it was decided that REME Phase II should be implemented, the main changes were, The transfer to REME of most of the unit repair responsibilities of other arms. The provision of Light Aid Detachments for certain units that had not possessed them under the old organisation, the provision of new REME workshops to carry out field repairs in RASC transport companies. Maintenance of vessels of the RASC fleet whilst in port was given to the fleet repair branch and this organisation was also responsible for arranging and overseeing ship refits. After some interim designs, the badge of the Corps was formalised in June 1943 for use as the cap-badge, collar-badge, and on the buttons. It consisted of an oval Royally Crowned laurel wreath, on the wreath were four small shields at the compass points, within the wreath was a pair of calipers. Examples of these early badges can be found at the REME Museum, in 1947 the Horse and Lightning was adopted as the cap badge. The final change occurred in 1953 when the Queens crown replaced the Kings crown, at the end of the war, the Allies occupied the major German industrial centres to decide their fate. The Volkswagen factory at Wolfsburg became part of the British Zone in June 1945 and No.30 Workshop Control Unit, REME and they operated under the overall direction of Colonel Michael McEvoy at Rhine Army Headquarters, Bad Oeynhausen. Uniquely, he had experience of the KdF Wagen in his career as a motor racing engineer. Whilst attending the Berlin Motor Show in 1939 he was able to test drive one, after visiting the Volkswagen factory he had the idea of trying to get Volkswagen back into production to provide light transport for the occupying forces. The British Army, Red Cross and essential German services were short of light vehicles. If the factory could provide them, there would be no cost to the British taxpayer, to do this a good manager with technical experience would be needed
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Adjutant General's Corps
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The Adjutant Generals Corps is a corps in the British Army responsible for many of its general administrative services. As of 2002, the AGC had a staff of 7,000 people and its personnel serve alongside and administer every unit in the British Army. The AGC Pro unifies two former services which, while no longer independent, retain their identities and cap badges, the Royal Military Police is the Armys police force, while the Military Provost Staff provides guards for military prisons. The newly formed Military Provost Guard Service is also part of this branch, the ETS Branch has the responsibilities of the Royal Army Educational Corps, it is an all officer branch with around 400 serving members. The ALS Branch provides legal advice to all levels of the Army and it retains the cap badge of the former Army Legal Corps. Prior to its amalgamation into the AGC, it was an independent corps in its own right and its personnel are all qualified lawyers and commissioned officers. The Museum of the Adjutant Generals Corps is located at Peninsula Barracks in Winchester and it was opened in 2003 and is also the museum of the AGCs predecessor corps and units. It is one of several museums that are part of Winchesters Military Museums. Official site AGC Museum AGC AGC Regimental Association AGC entry on the UK Armed Forces site
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Educational and Training Services Branch
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The Educational and Training Services form part of the Adjutant Generals Corps and have done since 1992 when this Corps of the British Army was formed. Their remit is to continue the education of soldiers and officers alike. In 1992 the Royal Army Educational Corps was disbanded and its Officers transferred into the newly formed Educational, ETS is an all officer, all graduate, branch. It provides education to Regular and Reserve Army personnel, helping them to meet the challenges of the 21st century by training for certainty and educating for uncertainty. Officers are primarily employed as follows, Training and Development advisors who specialise in the creation, design, implementation and assurance of Army wide training, Learning Development Officers in Army Education Centres developing soldiers command, leadership and management skills in order to prepare them for promotion. On operations as Learning Development Officers, supporting Short Term Training Teams abroad as the Education and Training Specialist. Training development posts in the Directorate Training Capability Directorates, Army Recruiting and Training Division or in Defence Training Establishments, headquarters, Operational and Training appointments The Educational and Training Services Branch is a member of the International Association for Military Pedagogy
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Army Legal Services Branch
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The Army Legal Services Branch is a branch of the Adjutant-Generals Corps in the British Army. Before 1992, the branch existed as the independent Army Legal Corps, many of the functions of the ALS were once carried out by the Judge Advocate General whose own origins can be traced back to Medieval times. Following World War I, the demand for legal services within the army. The Directorate of Army Legal Services was formed from the JAGs office on 1 October 1948 and it was always the smallest corps in the Army. On 6 April 1992, the became the Army Legal Services Branch of the Adjutant Generals Corps. Army Legal Services Branch is structured as follows, The ALS posts a number of its Officers to the Service Prosecuting Authority, the most senior military officer in the organisation is a Brigadier of the ALS who is the Deputy Director Service Prosecutions. Officers of the SPA prosecute cases at Court Martial and where appropriate Service Civilian Court and they also act as respondent in the Summary Appeal Court and represent the Crown at the Court Martial Appeal Court. The SPA has its HQ and UK Office at RAF Northolt and it also maintains an office in Bielefeld, Germany. The Advisory Branch of ALS advises the chain of command on a variety of administrative. There are advisory Officers in every major Army HQ around the world, Advisory branch Officers often work directly with the Army’s most senior commanders. When the British Army deploys on operations it takes legal advisors with it, when deployed on operations ALS Officers are often asked to advise on the most sensitive issues, as well as on international law and often on the local law of the country concerned. ALS Operational Law branch Officers are also attached to the operations of NATO. The headquarters of Army Legal Assistance is located at Catterick Barracks and this branch provides legal assistance and advice to entitled service personnel and their dependants worldwide. The majority of advice relates to law, debt and German legal issues. ALA do not deal the Child Support Agency, wills and probate, property law or adoption, ALA therefore exists to provide this service instead. ALA is a service, but applicants must fund any court or other fixed costs themselves. ALA officers conduct legal clinics in Germany and in operational theatres, RAF Legal Branch Judge Advocate General Adjutant Generals Corps - British Army website Army Legal Services - British Army website Official British Army homepage
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Military Provost Staff
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The Military Provost Staff are the Armys specialists in custody and detention, providing advice inspection and surety within custodial establishments. The MPS form part of the Adjutant Generals Corps and are based at the Military Corrective Training Centre in Colchester, the Military Prison Staff Corps was formed in 1901 under Army Order 241. It was redesignated the Military Provost Staff Corps in 1906, as the Military Provost Staff it became part of the Adjutant Generals Corps on 6 April 1992, forming the Provost Branch along with the Royal Military Police. It retains a separate identity within the AGC, however, keeping its cap badge, the MPS does not recruit directly from civilian life, but only accepts applications from soldiers already serving in the Army. All its members hold a rank of Corporal. MOD Website -new Tactical recognition flash for the MPS
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Military Provost Guard Service
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The Military Provost Guard Service is responsible for maintaining physical security at British Armed Forces locations throughout Great Britain. It is one of three constituent units of the Adjutant Generals Corps Provost Branch, the Provost branch is the responsibility of the Provost Marshal who is a Brigadier from the Royal Military Police. In Northern Ireland, security at Ministry of Defence establishments is provided by the Northern Ireland Security Guard Service in a manner to that of the MPGS in Great Britain. The aim of the MPGS is to rationalise guarding arrangements at sites where service personnel normally live, the MPGS replaces previously civilian-held duties with armed soldiers. The MPGS works alongside the civilian unarmed Ministry of Defence Guard Service, the MPGS was formed in the wake of structural changes of the Armed Forces and the increased threat of terrorism in 1999. Military Working Dog services at some sites and they must have completed that service within six years of application to the MPGS, unless they have relevant service in the Police or HM Prison Service since leaving the armed forces. To join, they have to re-enlist into the Regular British Army on a Military Local Service Engagement, the MLSE is a form of engagement which is ideally suited to use by the MPGS. There are 26 police constabularies that currently have a Memorandum of Understanding with the Military Provost Guard Service in respect of the authority for carrying firearms on UK roads. MPGS soldiers are issued the uniform and equipment as other arms and services in the British Army. Everyday working dress is the standard Personal Clothing System Combat Uniform in Multi-Terrain Pattern, beret with cap badge, belt, the shirt and jacket will have the MPGS tactical recognition flash on the right sleeve. If soldiers are carrying out security duties on roads or vehicle checks, they may wear a high-visibility yellow jacket, normally with SECURITY or MILITARY GUARD printed on the front. The main firearm used by the MPGS is the SA80 L85A2 assault rifle, all MPGS soldiers must pass a weapon handling test biannually to use firearms. Some vehicles have an amber strobe beacon on the roof for increased visibility, in late 2013 the Ministry of Defence bought some new Ford Ranger pickups for use within the MPGS and other MOD departments. Commandants Service A similar Russian organization
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Small Arms School Corps
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In 1849, Claude-Étienne Minié produced the Minié rifle, although still a muzzle loader three important advances were incorporated. Re-equipment of the Army with this new firearm being adopted in 1851, the consequence of this was that the army now had a weapon that was more accurate, at a longer range, was quicker to load and was marginally safer for the user as to ignition. For the first time since the demise of the bow and arrow lethal marksmanship was possible, shooting ceased to be a drill and became an art based on personal skill. Elevation, windage and ballistics now played a part, in March 1853 the Army Estimates included the sum of £1,000 for Lord Hardinge to form an Establishment for the instruction of the Army in rifle and target practice. In June 1853 Colonel Hay arrived at Hythe, Kent, with a staff of officers. On 1 August the first instructor, Colour Sergeant MacKay of the 19th Foot, was appointed, by 15 September a further three instructors were on strength. They were Sergeant Ruston, Sergeant Lobes and Sergeant Morris, the first mention of the establishment of the School was in the Army List of 1854 when it was referred to as the School of Musketry. These men were the Corps of Instructors of Musketry, a misnomer as muskets were being withdrawn from service - yet the art of the use of arms to this day is sometimes known as musketry. The Machine Gun Training Centres had been established in 1914 at Grantham and by the BEF in Wisques and this was followed on 14 October 1915 by the creation of the Machine Gun Corps. Originally equipped with the Maxim gun, these were replaced by the Vickers machine gun shortly after formation of the Corps, in 1919 the name was changed to the Small Arms School. In 1926 the School expanded to include the Machine Gun School at Netheravon, the original badge of the School was crossed rifles surmounted by a crown. In 1929 the present badge was introduced, consisting of crossed rifles, the title Small Arms School Corps came into being at this time. On the occasion of the centenary of the Corps in 1953, in 1969 the School moved from Hythe to Warminster where Headquarters SASC remains to this day. The SASC does not recruit directly from life, but only accepts applications from soldiers already serving in the British Army. All its members hold a rank of Sergeant. Volunteers transfer to the SASC from All Arms and Services, although primarily from the Infantry, the training regime is as follows, Phase 1 takes place at Land Warfare Centre, Warminster and lasts for 11 weeks. Candidates are assessed to see if they have the ability and capacity to instruct Skill At Arms to the standard required by the SASC. The phase consists of how to train the trainer in the instruction of Small Arms, Defence Instructional Techniques, Command, Leadership and Management training, candidates are also trained to assess instruction and conduct de-briefs
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Royal Army Physical Training Corps
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The Royal Army Physical Training Corps is the British Army corps responsible for physical fitness and physical education and is headquartered in Aldershot. Its members are all Royal Army Physical Training Corps Instructors, the RAPTC was formed in 1860 as the Army Gymnastic Staff. It was renamed the Army Physical Training Staff in 1918 and was given status as the Army Physical Training Corps by Army Order 165 in 1940. Notable former Army Physical Training Instructors include Nik Stuart, a former National Gymnastic Coach, at the Festival of Remembrance on 13 November 2010, Huw Edwards announced that the Army Physical Training Corps had been granted the title Royal Army Physical Training Corps by Her Majesty the Queen. The corps cap badge, which is worn on the front of its vests, t-shirts and tracksuits, consists of crossed swords surmounted by a crown. The corps motto is Mens sana in corpore sano which means a mind in a healthy body. Its quick march is Be Fit, with words taken from Land and it is not possible to join the RAPTC directly from civilian life. Prospective PTIs must first join another regiment or corps and then qualify as Regimental All Arms Physical Training Instructor after a course at the ASPT. They then return to their own unit and only after further experience can they attend selection for the RAPTC, if they pass the selection course they follow a 30-week training course before qualifying as Advanced PTIs and transferring to the RAPTC as an RAPTCI. Royal Army Physical Training Corps – on British Army official website
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Corps of Army Music
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The Corps of Army Music is a Corps of the British Army dedicated to the provision and promotion of military music. The Queen signed a warrant on 13 August 1994 to allow the formation of the Corps of Army Music. The home of the corps was established at Kneller Hall in Twickenham, a site that encompasses the Headquarters of the Corps of Army Music and the Royal Military School of Music. The school was founded by the Duke of Cambridge, soon after his appointment as Commander in Chief in 1857, when the first class of musicians was formed. The establishment was retitled as The Royal Military School of Music by Queen Victoria in 1887, the Future Army Structures review of 2006 saw the bands of the Regular Army reduced from 30 to 23. The regiments of the Life Guards and The Blues and Royals will have their bands merged to form a band of the Household Cavalry. The five Foot Guards Bands will remain in London, as Symphonic Wind Bands, the 10 man strong Light Cavalry Band will be amalgamated with the Heavy Cavalry and Cambrai Band to form the Band of the Royal Armoured Corps. A string orchestra, to be known as the Countess of Wessex’s String Orchestra, will be based in Woolwich, prior to Options for Change and the formation of the Corps of Army Music most regiments, especially in the infantry, maintained their own military bands. This tradition is now continued by the Army Reserve, who retain regimental, Army Reserve Bands are not part of the Corps of Army Music. They are still under the command of their parent corps or regiment
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Military police of the United Kingdom
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In the United Kingdom, the term military police refers to the three branches of the service police. Often, the military police is considered synonymous with the Armys Royal Military Police. There are a number of police forces whose role is to police other parts of the Defence Estate in the UK and overseas. In the UK, service police are the formations of the British Armed Forces responsible for policing armed forces personnel. They are comparable to the provosts of other countries, however the term provost in the UK has various uses including reference to the staff of military prisons, the Royal Navy is policed by the Royal Navy Police, members of which are traditionally referred to as Regulators. The Royal Navy Police also has Royal Marines specialising as Service Policemen, prior to 2009, the Royal Marines Police was an independent organisation within the Corps of Royal Marines. The British Army is policed by the Royal Military Police, enforcement of basic discipline within regiments is carried out by the Regimental Provost, who belong to individual regiments or corps. They are allowed to use force as is reasonable in the circumstance to achieve this. The service police will patrol either independently or alongside civilian police officers from local police forces. Londons Soho is one example of this, in addition to various towns such as Aldershot Garrison. During these joint patrols service police may sometimes assist territorial police officers, where service personnel are deployed overseas, the service police are often called upon to provide a complete policing service. In these situations, members of the police can often exercise police powers in respect of civilians subject to service discipline. This includes, not exclusively, service dependents and overseas contractors sponsored by the British Armed Forces. When deployed to the Falkland Isles, service police are sworn in as reserve constables by the Royal Falkland Islands Police, granting them civil as well as military policing powers on the islands. All service police receive their training at the Defence College of Policing and Guarding. Each of the service branches has its own Special Investigation Branch to undertake investigation of more serious crime. The British Military Correctional Training Centre at Colchester is operated by the Military Provost Staff Corps, the staff of the Military Provost Staff Corps are known as provosts and fulfil a similar role to prison officers. Members of the Regimental Provost can be identified by the brassards they wear and they have no power of arrest over service personnel nor are they a police organisation per se
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Military police
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Military police are law enforcement agencies connected with, or part of, the military of a state. In the Second World War, the police of the German Army still used a metal gorget as an emblem. Naval police members are sometimes called masters-at-arms and shore patrol, Military police in Brazil has two meanings. There are provost corps for each of the Brazilian Armed Forces, Army Police for the Army, Navy Police for the Navy, the second type are the civilian preventative police, with military organization comparable to gendarmerie, called the Military Police. Each State has their own Military Police, there is also a joint National Public Security Force, created in 1999. This force is composed of the most qualified State Military Police personnel from all the states and they have the power to arrest anyone who is subject to the Code of Service Discipline, regardless of position or rank under the National Defence Act. If in fact a crime is committed on or in relation to DND property or assets, MP have the power to arrest and charge the offender, military or civilian, under the Criminal Code. It is important to note though that the purpose of the CFMP is not to replace the job of a police officer. MP also have the power to enforce the Provincial Highway Traffic Acts on all military bases in Canada pursuant to the Government Property Traffic Regulations, in Colombia, MPs are very common. They can be seen guarding closed roads, museums, embassies, government buildings, in the National Army of Colombia they are assigned to the 37 Military Police Battalions, wearing green uniforms with the military police helmet. A Naval Police battalion is in service in the Colombian Marine Corps, Each branch of the military of the United States maintains its own police force. The U. S. CGIS primarily investigates and charges those in its own population with serious crimes, such as rape, assault or forgery, Navy, designated as Naval Security Force, primarily responsible for law enforcement and force protection. NSF personnel are led by Naval commissioned officers from the Limited Duty Officer and Chief Warrant Officer communities, additionally, a host installations Security Force are augmented by Sailors on Temporary Assignment of Duty from their parent units, as part of the Auxiliary Security Force. Prior to the 1970s, Master-at-Arms and Shore Patrol were used synonymously to refer to Sailors assigned to law enforcement. Air Force Security Forces —United States Air Force Each service also maintains uniformed civilian police departments and they are referred to as Department of Defense Police. These police fall under each directorate they work for within the United States Department of Defense, for example, the Department of the Air Force Police operate under the Air Provost Marshal. The police officers duties are similar to those of civilian police officers. They enforce the Uniform Code of Military Justice, federal and state laws, the United States Constabulary was a gendarmerie force used to secure and patrol the American Zone of West Germany immediately after World War II
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Scarlet (color)
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Scarlet is a brilliant red color with a tinge of orange. In the spectrum of light, and on the traditional color wheel. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, scarlet and other bright shades of red are the colors most associated with courage, force, passion, heat, and joy. In the Roman Catholic Church, scarlet is the worn by a cardinal, and is associated with the blood of Christ and the Christian martyrs. Though it may be associated with hard work and this is a variation on the standard RGB or Hex combination that produces a truer Scarlet color on some monitors. This is the now called scarlet in Crayola crayons. It was originally formulated as torch red in 1998 and then renamed scarlet by Crayola in 2000, the first recorded use of flame as a color name in English was in 1590. The source of color is the ISCC-NBS Dictionary of Color Names. A sample of the color Flame is also displayed in the Dictionary online version, displayed below is the web color fire brick, a medium dark shade of scarlet/red. Displayed at right is the color Boston University Scarlet, the color which, the color is identical to Utah Crimson. The word comes from the Middle English scarlat, from the Old French escarlate, from the Latin scarlatum, the term scarlet was also used in the Middle Ages for a type of cloth that was often bright red. An early recorded use of scarlet as a name in the English language dates to 1250. Scarlet has been a color of power, wealth and luxury since ancient times, Scarlet dyes were first mentioned in 8th century BC, under the name Armenian Red, and they were described in Persian and Assyrian writings. The color was exported from Persia to Rome, during the Roman Empire, it was second in prestige only to the purple worn by the Emperors. Roman officers wore scarlet cloaks, and persons of rank were referring to as the coccinati. The Latin term for scarlet used in the Bible comes from coccus, the finest scarlets in ancient times were made from the tiny scale insect called kermes, which fed on certain oak trees in Turkey, Persia, Armenia and other parts of the Middle East. The insects contained a strong natural dye, also called kermes. The insects were so small they were thought to be a kind of grain and this was the origin of the expression dyed in the grain
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Peaked cap
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It derives its name from its short visor, which was historically made of polished leather but increasingly is made of a synthetic substitute. Other principal components are the crown, band and insignia, typically a cap badge, piping is also often found, typically in contrast to the crown colour, which is usually white for navy, blue for air force and green for army. The band is typically a dark, contrasting colour, often black, in the British Army, each regiment and corps has a different badge. In the American armed forces, the cap device is uniform throughout service branch, the peaked cap originated in early 19th-century Northern Europe, usually worn by working-class men. In 1846, the United States Army adopted the cap during the Mexican-American war due to the unsuitability of the shako in the hot Mexican climate. In 1856, a form of peaked cap was adopted by petty officers of Britains Royal Navy, the British Army adopted peaked caps in 1902 for both the new khaki field dress and as part of the walking out or off-duty wear for other ranks. A dark blue version was worn with dress blues by all ranks of the U. S. Army between 1902 and 1917, throughout the 19th century, the Austro-Hungarian army were issued with shakos, originally in black leather and later in pike grey wool. Gradually, the height of the shako decreased and the cardboard stiffening removed until, by 1908, it had evolved into the ski cap. The cap was used in the stages of the First World War as the primary headgear. In the Canadian Forces, the cap is the primary headgear for mens Royal Canadian Navy service dress. It has been abandoned in the Royal Canadian Air Force in favour of the wedge cap and it has also been eliminated from the Canadian Army in favour of the beret, with two exceptions. General officers wearing army uniform can wear either a beret or a cap with service dress. Royal Canadian Infantry Corps members of foot guards units such as the Canadian Grenadier Guards wear the cap with full dress but the peaked cap with undress. On navy caps, the peak and chinstrap of the cap are always black. The cap band is black with the exception of military police, who wear a scarlet cap band, and members of Canadian Special Operations Forces Command. The peak of the cap of non-commissioned members and subordinate officers is left plain, the same oak leaves are worn by the Governor General of Canada as Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Forces. The service cap is theoretically unisex, although there exists a service hat for women, the service hat does not have a crown top and has a stiff brim all around. The front of the brim is formed into a visor and the sides, the Canadian Coast Guard shares a similar cap and colours with the Royal Canadian Navy
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Beret
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A beret is a soft, round, flat-crowned hat, usually of woven, hand-knitted wool, crocheted cotton, wool felt, or acrylic fibre. Mass production began in 19th century France and Spain, countries with which it remains associated, Berets are worn as part of the uniform of many military and police units worldwide, as well as by other organisations. Such headgear has been popular among the nobility and artists across Europe throughout modern history, the commercial production of Basque-style berets began in the 17th century in the Oloron-Sainte-Marie area of Southern France. Originally a local craft, beret-making became industrialised in the 19th century, the first factory, Beatex-Laulhere, claims production records dating back to 1810. In Western fashion, men and women have worn the beret since the 1920s as sportswear, military berets were first adopted by the French Chasseurs Alpins in 1889. They were approved for use by King George V in 1924, the black RTR beret was made famous by Field Marshal Montgomery in the Second World War. The beret fits snugly around the head, and can be shaped in a variety of ways – in the Americas it is commonly worn pushed to one side. In Central and South America, local custom usually prescribes the manner of wearing the beret, there is no rule and older gentlemen usually wear it squared on the head. It can be worn by men and women. Military uniform berets feature a headband or sweatband attached to the wool, made either from leather, silk or cotton ribbon, the drawstrings are, according to custom, either tied and cut off or tucked in or else left to dangle. The beret is often adorned with a cap badge, either in cloth or metal, some berets have a piece of buckram or other stiffener in the position where the badge is intended to be worn. Berets are not usually lined, but many are lined with silk or satin. In military berets, the headband is worn on the outside, the traditional beret, usually has the sweatband folded inwardly. In such a case, these berets have only an inch or so of the same woollen material designed to be folded inwardly. Newer beret styles made of Polar fleece are also popular and they are very popular and common in the Basque Country. The colours adopted for folk costumes varied by region and purpose, black and blue are worn more frequently than red and white, the people of Aragon adopted red berets while the black beret became the common headgear of workers in France and Spain. A big commemorative black beret is the trophy in sport or bertso competitions, including Basque rural sports, the Basque portions of the Tour de France. It may bear sewn ornamental references to the achievement or contest, the black beret was once considered the national cap of France in Anglo-Saxon countries and is part of the stereotypical image of the Onion Johnny
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Pirbright
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Pirbright /pɜːrbraɪt/ is a village in Surrey, England. Pirbright is in the borough of Guildford and has a parish council covering the traditional boundaries of the area. Pirbright contains one buffered sub-locality, Stanford Common near the farm animal disease research institute. Explorer Henry Morton Stanley has his imposing boulder grave at the end of the grounds of the grade II* listed medieval church, the nearby Hodge Brook is marked as Congo Stream, between Ruwenzori and Stanley Hills. Pirbright has two communities, army training barracks and designated homes are north of a London main axis railway, the village is almost entirely surrounded by heathland, much of it owned by the Ministry of Defence and used by the Army Training Centre, Pirbright. The south and south-east of the parish is woodland and has three small farms. The south-west of the parish has a military training area. Near to the church are several features due to Stanleys association with the village, Hodge Brook is equally marked as Congo Stream, mazamboni Farm is next to Aruwimi Wood. Its name had three medieval variants and it came from Anglo-Saxon Pirige-fyrhþ = sparse woodland where peartrees grow. The manor of Pirbright does not seem to occur earlier than the 13th century, john Trenchard died seised of it under the Earl of Gloucester in 1301–2. In this time it had a deer park, disparked under Richard II. Finally it was granted to Sir Anthony Browne, afterwards Viscount Montagu, the locality saw development in the form of brick labourers cottages with a few Georgian large homes, some with modest estates of land. Of the last sort, Vice-Admiral the Hon. Heatherside was the early 20th century home of F. C, selous, the African big-game hunter, and contained a remarkable collection of hunting spoils and native African curiosities. Pirbrights traditional churchyard contains the large block of granite, 11-feet high, marking the grave of British Empire soldier and explorer Henry Morton Stanley and this is partly inscribed with the words Henry Morton Stanley Bula Matari 1841–1904 Africa. Bula Matari was another of his names and translates as Breaker of Rocks or Breakstones in Kongo, the Pirbright Institute is a research establishment that investigates diseases in farm animals. It consists of two sites, one close to Pirbright and one in Compton, Berkshire and is one of eight UK research institutes supported by the UKs Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. The Pirbright site includes international reference laboratories for the diagnosis of livestock diseases exotic to the UK, including the World Reference Laboratory for foot, the site also conducts research on viruses including foot and mouth disease and bluetongue virus. On Saturday 4 August 2007 it was announced that the a strain of foot-and-mouth disease detected in cattle three miles away was similar to that in use at the Pirbright site
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Royal Military Academy Sandhurst
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The Academys stated aim is to be the national centre of excellence for leadership. All British Army officers, including officers who were previously Warrant Officers. The Academy is the British Army equivalent of the Britannia Royal Naval College Dartmouth, Royal Air Force College Cranwell, despite its name, The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst is located in Camberley, the boundaries of the academy straddle the counties of Berkshire and Surrey. The county border is marked by a stream known as the Wish Stream. The main entrance is located on the east of the Academy, the nearest railway station is Camberley. The present Royal Military Academy Sandhurst was founded in 1947 with the merger of two institutions, the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich and the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. The first Military Academy had been established in 1720 at Woolwich, known as the Shop, this academy moved to a permanent site at Woolwich Common in 1806 and was granted royal status in 1841. In 1806, the Military Academy took on the training of Royal Engineers officer cadets and, later, coincidentally,1802 was also the year of foundation of Saint-Cyr in France and of West Point in the United States. In 1812 the Junior Department of the Royal Military College moved from Great Marlow into buildings designed by James Wyatt at Sandhurst. A few years later, the Junior Department was joined at Sandhurst from High Wycombe by the Senior Department, which in 1858 became a separate institution, in 1984, the Womens Officer Training College Bagshot moved to Sandhurst. In 1992 a new Commissioning Course finally unified the training of male, female, the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Collection illustrates the history of the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. The collection includes the Gentlemen Cadet registers, historic archives, uniforms, paintings, photographs, for the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, the newly created Academy hosted the running leg of the modern pentathlon competition. Contemporary training at Sandhurst was the subject of a television series, first broadcast by BBC television in October 2011. In 2012 Sandhurst accepted a £15 million donation from the government of United Arab Emirates for the Zayed Building, an accommodation block, named after the UAEs founding ruler. In 2013 Sandhurst accepted a donation of £3 million from the government of Bahrain for the refurbishment of Mons Hall and it was renamed as King Hamad Hall in honour of the King of Bahrain, which generated some controversy in the United Kingdom. In 2015 Sandhurst appointed Lucy Giles as the first female commander in its history. Potential officers are identified by the Army Officer Selection Board situated in Westbury in Wiltshire, nearly 10 percent of British cadets are female and nearly 10 percent of all cadets come from overseas. More than eighty percent of entrants are university graduates, although a degree is not required for admission, the course is accredited by various academic and professional institutions
United Kingdom
British Army
