1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Juicy J
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Jordan Michael Houston, known professionally as Juicy J, is an American rapper, songwriter and record producer from Memphis, Tennessee. He is a member of the Southern hip hop group Three 6 Mafia. In 2002, he released his debut album Chronicles of the Juice Man. In 2011, Juicy J announced that he was a part-owner and A&R rep for Wiz Khalifas Taylor Gang Records, Juicy J released Stay Trippy, his third studio album under the aforementioned labels on August 27,2013. He is the brother of frequent collaborator and fellow rapper Project Pat. In 1991, Juicy J was a co-founder of the Southern hip hop group, along with DJ Paul and Lord Infamous, rappers Crunchy Black, Gangsta Boo and Koopsta Knicca later joined the group. Alongside DJ Paul, Juicy J has launched Prophet Entertainment, in 1994, they left the label to their business partner Nick Scarfo Jackson, and subsequently launched Hypnotize Minds. In 1995, the released their first official album called Mystic Stylez. Since then the group has released 8 albums, on July 2,2002, he released his solo debut studio album Chronicles of the Juice Man, under North North Records. In 2006, Juicy J, along with DJ Paul, Crunchy Black, on June 16,2009, his second studio album Hustle Till I Die, was released under Hypnotize Minds and Select-O-Hits. From 2009 through 2011, Juicy J moved away from Three 6 Mafia, during this time, he frequently collaborated with Wiz Khalifa, appearing on his mixtapes and releasing some of his own including Blue Dream & Lean. In December 2011, Juicy J confirmed these rumors about him as the newest member of Wiz Khalifas Taylor Gang imprint, in 2012, he was featured alongside his Taylor Gang label-mates, on the cover of Source Magazines May 2012 issue. In 2012, he released the single to his third album Stay Trippy, the chart topping Bandz a Make Her Dance. The song was created in a two bedroom apartment in Washington, D. C. and was produced by Mike Will Made It, the song has peaked at number 29 on the US Billboard Hot 100. In September 2012, Juicy J secured a contract with Columbia Records. In November 2012, Juicy J announced his third studio album Stay Trippy would be released in 2013 and he had shown some interest in working with Nas, Dr. Dre and Jay-Z on the album. He later announced that guest appearances on the album would include Wiz Khalifa, The Weeknd, Lil Wayne,2 Chainz, Nicki Minaj, Chris Brown, Project Pat, Young Jeezy, Yelawolf and Big Sean. Juicy J revealed the album would feature production from frequent collaborators Lex Luger, Sonny Digital, Mike Will Made It, Dr. Luke, on January 20,2013, it was announced Juicy J would perform at the 2013 Paid Dues festival on March 30,2013
3.
Peabody Hotel
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The Peabody Memphis is a luxury hotel in Downtown Memphis, Tennessee. The hotel is known for the Peabody Ducks that live on the hotel rooftop, the Peabody Memphis is a member of Historic Hotel of America the official program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. The hotel was a success, and Brinkley gave it to his daughter Anna Overton Brinkley. Snowden as a gift not long after it opened. The hotel had 75 rooms, with bathrooms, and numerous elegant public rooms. Among its guests were Presidents Andrew Johnson and William McKinley and Confederate Generals Robert E. Lee, jefferson Davis, the former President of the Confederacy, lived there in 1870 when he worked as president of an insurance company. The hotel closed in 1923 in preparation for a one block away. The building was demolished and Lowensteins department store was constructed there, the current Peabody Hotel building, on Union Avenue, is an Italian Renaissance structure designed by noted Chicago architect Walter W. Ahlschlager. Construction began less than a month after the old hotel closed, the new hotel was built on the previous site of the Fransioli Hotel, a structure which looked nearly identical to the original Peabody Hotel. The new hotel opened on September 1,1925, before the mid-1960s, alcoholic beverages were sold in Tennessee only as sealed bottles in licensed liquor stores. A patron could bring a bottle acquired elsewhere into the bar, The Creel. The hotel was sold to the Alsonett Hotel Group in 1953, deeply in debt by the early 1960s, it went bankrupt in 1965 and was sold in a foreclosure auction to Sheraton Hotels. As downtown Memphis decayed in the early 1970s, the hotel suffered financially, an Alabama investment group purchased the hotel in 1974 and reopened it briefly under its original name, but they declared bankruptcy on April 1,1975 and it closed again. Isadore Edwin Hanover purchased the hotel from the county on July 31,1975 for $400,000 and sold it to his son-in-law, Jack A. Belz, Belz spent the next several years and $25 million renovating the landmark structure. The grand reopening in 1981 is widely considered a major catalyst for the Memphis downtown areas ongoing revitalization, the Peabody Hotel is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Peabody Hotel Group operated two additional properties under the Peabody name for many years, the Peabody Orlando, near Orlando, Florida opened in 1986 as the second Peabody Hotel. It was sold on August 28,2013 and was renamed Hyatt Regency Orlando on October 1,2013 and they also operated properties for a number of years under the Hilton name in Greenville, South Carolina and Little Rock, Arkansas. The Peabody is probably best known for a custom dating back to the 1930s, the General Manager of the time, Frank Schutt, had just returned from a weekend hunting trip in Arkansas
4.
Memphis, Tennessee
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Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the fourth Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf, Memphis had a population of 653,450 in 2013, making it the largest city in the state of Tennessee. It is the largest city on the Mississippi River, the third largest in the greater Southeastern United States, the greater Memphis metropolitan area, including adjacent counties in Mississippi and Arkansas, had a 2014 population of 1,317,314. This makes Memphis the second-largest metropolitan area in Tennessee, surpassed by metropolitan Nashville, Memphis is the youngest of Tennessees major cities, founded in 1819 as a planned city by a group of wealthy Americans including judge John Overton and future president Andrew Jackson. A resident of Memphis is referred to as a Memphian, and the Memphis region is known, particularly to media outlets, as Memphis and the Mid-South. Occupying a substantial bluff rising from the Mississippi River, the site of Memphis has been a location for human settlement by varying cultures over thousands of years. The historic Chickasaw Indian tribe, believed to be their descendants, French explorers led by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle and Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto would encounter the Chickasaw in that area, in the 16th century. J. D. L. Chickasaw Bluffs, located on the Mississippi River at the present day location of Memphis, spain and the United States vied for control of this site, which was a favorite of the Chickasaws. The United States gained the right to navigate the Mississippi River, the Spanish dismantled the fort, shipping its lumber and iron to their locations in Arkansas. Captain Isaac Guion led an American force down the Ohio River to claim the land, by this time, the Spanish had departed. The forts ruins went unnoticed twenty years later when Memphis was laid out as a city, the city of Memphis was founded on May 22,1819 by John Overton, James Winchester and Andrew Jackson. They named it after the ancient capital of Egypt on the Nile River, Memphis developed as a trade and transportation center in the 19th century because of its flood-free location high above the Mississippi River. Located in the delta region along the river, its outlying areas were developed as cotton plantations. The cotton economy of the antebellum South depended on the labor of large numbers of African-American slaves. Through the early 19th century, one million slaves were transported from the Upper South, Many were transported by steamboats along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. This gave planters and cotton brokers access to the Atlantic Coast for shipping cotton to England, the citys demographics changed dramatically in the 1850s and 1860s under waves of immigration and domestic migration. Due to increased immigration since the 1840s and the Great Famine, ethnic Irish made up 9.9 percent of the population in 1850, but 23.2 percent in 1860, when the total population was 22,623. They had encountered considerable discrimination in the city but by 1860 and they also gained many elected and patronage positions in the Democratic Party city government, and an Irish man was elected as mayor before the Civil War
5.
Encino, Los Angeles
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Encino is a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California. Fray Juan Crespi, a Franciscan missionary travelling with the expedition, all of Crespis name was later dropped except encino. Rancho Los Encinos was established in 1845 when a parcel of former Mission San Fernando land was granted to three Mission Indians by governor Pio Pico. Many ranchos were created after the secularization of the California missions, Encino derives its name from the rancho. In 2008, the city estimated that the resident population had increased to 44,581, in 2000 the median age for residents was 42, considered old for city and county neighborhoods, the percentages of residents aged 50 and older were among the countys highest. The neighborhood was considered not especially diverse ethnically within Los Angeles, the breakdown was whites,80. 1%, Latinos,8. 5%, Asians,4. 9%, blacks,2. 4%, and others,4. 1%. Iran and Russia were the most common places of birth for the 32. 8% of the residents who were born abroad—an average percentage for Los Angeles, the median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $78,529, considered high for the city. The percentage of households that earned $125,000 and up was high for Los Angeles County, the average household size of 2.3 people was low when compared to the rest of the city and the county. Renters occupied 38. 4% of the stock and house- or apartment-owners held 61. 6%. The percentages of divorced residents and of widowed men and women were among the countys highest, in 2000 military veterans amounted to 10. 6% of the population, a high rate for the county. Encino is situated in the portion of the southern San Fernando Valley. It is flanked on the north by Reseda and the Sepulveda Basin, on the east by Sherman Oaks, on the southeast by Bel-Air, on the south by Brentwood, the local economy provides jobs primarily in health care, social services, and professional services sectors. There are approximately 3,800 businesses employing about 27,000 people at a payroll of $1,400,000,000. Encino is in Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors district 3 and it is also represented within the city of Los Angeles by the Encino Neighborhood Council, an advisory body under the auspices of the city Department of Neighborhood Empowerment. The United States Postal Service operates the Encino Post Office at 5805 White Oak Avenue, forty-six percent of Encino residents aged 25 and older had earned a four-year degree by 2000, a high percentage for both the city and the county. The percentage of residents with a masters degree or higher was also high for the county. Lull Special Education Center, LAUSD,17551 Miranda Street Lanai Road Elementary School, LAUSD,4241 Lanai Road As of 2009, public high schools serving portions of Encino are Birmingham High School in Lake Balboa, and Reseda High School in Reseda. In 1982 the board considered closing Rhoda Street Elementary School in Encino, in April 1983 an advisory committee of the LAUSD recommended closing eight LAUSD schools, including Rhoda Street School
6.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
7.
Studio City, Los Angeles
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Studio City is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles, California, in the San Fernando Valley. It is named after the lot that was established in the area by film producer Mack Sennett in 1927. Originally known as Laurelwood, the area Studio City occupies was part of Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando. In 1899, however, the area lost most water rights to Los Angeles and therefore subdivision, construction of the Los Angeles Aqueduct began in 1908 and water reached the San Fernando Valley in November,1913. Whitley platted the area of present-day Studio City from portions of the town of Lankershim as well as the eastern part of the new acquisition. In 1927, Mack Sennett began building a new studio on 20 acres donated by the land developer, the area around the studio was named Studio City. In 1955, Studio Citys Station 78 became the first racially integrated station in the Los Angeles City Fire Department, in 2008, the city estimated that the resident population had increased to 37,201. In 2000, the age for residents,38, was considered old for city and county neighborhoods. The neighborhood was considered not especially diverse ethnically, with a percent of White residents. The breakdown was whites, 78%, Latinos,8. 7%, Asians,5. 4%, blacks,3. 7%, and others,4. 1%. Iran and the United Kingdom were the most common places of birth for the 21. 1% of the residents who were born abroad—a low percentage for Los Angeles, the median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $75,657, considered high for the city. The percent of households earning $125,000 and up was high for Los Angeles County, the average household size of 1.9 people was low when compared to the rest of the city and the county. Renters occupied 55. 9% of the stock and house- or apartment-owners held 44. 1%. In 2000, there were 837 families headed by single parents, there were 2,591 veterans,8. 8% of the population, a high figure for the city. The percentages of residents with a masters degree was also high for the county. Schools within the Studio City boundaries are, Harvard-Westlake School, private, the Studio City Recreation Center is in Studio City. Moorpark Park, a pocket park in Studio City, has a childrens play area. Woodbridge Park on the border of Studio City has a children
8.
Hip hop music
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It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements, MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing. Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records, while often used to refer solely to rapping, hip hop more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture. Hip hops early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum machines became available and affordable. Turntablist techniques such as scratching and beatmatching developed along with the breaks and Jamaican toasting, rapping developed as a vocal style in which the artist speaks or chants along rhythmically with an instrumental or synthesized beat. The Sugarhill Gangs 1979 song Rappers Delight is widely regarded to be the first hip hop record to gain popularity in the mainstream. The 1980s marked the diversification of hip hop as the genre developed more complex styles, prior to the 1980s, hip hop music was largely confined within the United States. However, during the 1980s, it began to spread to scenes in dozens of countries. New school hip hop was the wave of hip hop music, originating in 1983–84 with the early records of Run-D. M. C. The Golden age hip hop period was a period between the mid-1980s and the early 1990s. Notable artists from this era include the Juice Crew, Public Enemy, & Rakim, Boogie Down Productions and KRS-One, EPMD, Slick Rick, Beastie Boys, Kool G Rap, Big Daddy Kane, Ultramagnetic MCs, De La Soul, and A Tribe Called Quest. Gangsta rap is a subgenre of hip hop that often focuses on the violent lifestyles, in the West Coast hip hop style, G-funk dominated mainstream hip hop for several years during the 1990s. I. G. In the 1990s, hip hop began to diversify with other regional styles emerging, such as Southern rap, at the same time, hip hop continued to be assimilated into other genres of popular music, examples being Neo soul and nu metal. Hip hop became a pop music genre in the mid-1990s. The popularity of hip hop music continued through the 2000s, with hip hop influences also increasingly finding their way into mainstream pop, the United States also saw the success of regional styles such as crunk, a Southern genre that emphasized the beats and music more than the lyrics. Starting in 2005, sales of hip hop music in the United States began to severely wane, during the mid-2000s, alternative hip hop secured a place in the mainstream, due in part to the crossover success of artists such as OutKast and Kanye West. Creation of the hip hop is often credited to Keith Cowboy, rapper with Grandmaster Flash. However, Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was known as disco rap. Cowboy later worked the hip hop cadence into a part of his stage performance, the first use of the term in print was in The Village Voice, by Steven Hager, later author of a 1984 history of hip hop
9.
Kemosabe Records
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Kemosabe Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment based in Los Angeles, California. In November 2011, Sony Music Entertainment partnered with Dr. Luke to create Kemosabe Records, the company releases records with Sony Music Entertainment. Łukasz Gottwald will be able to hire his own staff, sign artists, and develop talent, the deal gives Sony exclusive rights to Dr. Luke’s services as a producer for five years. As of April 2016, nine artists are signed to Kemosabe. Kesha – Warrior Kesha – Deconstructed Becky G – Play It Again Various Artists – Music from and Inspired by The Smurfs 2 Juicy J – Stay Trippy Elliphant – Look Like You Love It G. R. L
10.
Columbia Records
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Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
11.
Taylor Gang Entertainment
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Taylor Gang Ent. is an American entertainment company. It operates as an independent record label, music management, music production and film based in Pittsburgh. The production side of the company is home to Sledgren, Ricky P, the Taylor Gang was originally coined in 2006 to refer to Taylors who are supporters of Wiz Khalifa. Taylor Gang Ent. was founded in 2008 by Khalifa, the record label was named after Khalifas alma mater, Taylor Allderdice High School, and his affinity for Converse Chuck Taylor All-Star sneakers. Taylor Gang Ent. began as Khalifas fan base network, street team, the entity later became a full entertainment company encompassing record label, management services, production & film companies. Chevy Woods, Berner, and Tuki Carter all signed to the label in 2011. In December 2012, Juicy J joined the entertainment company, in 2013, Ty Dolla $ign joined the company as well. In 2014, J. R. Donato signed to the label, King Ken & Kmatic KelZ signed to the label in early 2016. The record label also doubles as a group and announced plans to release an album as a group in 2016. The label signed a deal with Atlantic Records although some artists on the label are still distributed by EMPIRE. Wiz Khalifa Ty Dolla $ign Juicy J Project Pat Chevy Woods Berner TM88 Lil Orlando Raven Felix Tuki Carter Sosamann J. R. Donato Ricky P Raw Boo Man King Ken Kmatic KelZ Cardo Lola Monroe
12.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
13.
Wiz Khalifa
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Cameron Jibril Thomaz, better known by his stage name Wiz Khalifa, is an American rapper, songwriter, and actor. He released his album, Show and Prove, in 2006. His Eurodance-influenced single, Say Yeah, received radio airplay, charting on the Rhythmic Top 40. Khalifa parted with Warner Bros. and released his album, Deal or No Deal. He released the mixtape Kush and Orange Juice as a download in April 2010. He is also known for his debut single for Atlantic, Black and Yellow. His debut album for the label, Rolling Papers, was released on March 29,2011 and he followed that album with O. N. I. F. C. On December 4,2012, which was backed by the singles Work Hard, Play Hard, Wiz released his fourth album Blacc Hollywood on August 18,2014, backed by the lead single We Dem Boyz. In March 2015, he released See You Again for the soundtrack of the film Furious 7, Khalifa was born Cameron Jibril Thomaz on September 8,1987 in Minot, North Dakota, to parents serving in the military. His parents divorced when Khalifa was about three years old and he is a military brat with his parents military service caused him to move regularly. Khalifa lived in Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan before settling in Pittsburgh where he attended Taylor Allderdice High School and his stage name is derived from Khalifa, an Arabic word meaning successor, and wisdom, which was shortened to Wiz when Khalifa was a young boy. He got a tattoo of his name on his 17th birthday. He cites Jimi Hendrix, Camp Lo, The Notorious B. I. G. Rostrum Records president Benjy Grinberg first heard about Wiz Khalifa in 2004 when the rappers contribution to a mixtape of various new Pittsburgh artists attracted his interest. Khalifa signed to the label shortly after and began a period of artist development. Khalifa released his first mixtape, Prince of the City, Welcome to Pistolvania, the mixtape paved the way for his first full-length album entitled Show and Prove in 2006. Khalifa was declared an artist to watch that year in Rolling Stone magazine and his debut Warner Bros. single Say Yeah reached number 25 on the Billboard Rhythmic Top 40 music chart and number 20 on Billboards Hot Rap Tracks. The song samples Better Off Alone by Alice Deejay, Khalifa appeared with The Game, David Banner and Play-n-Skillz at U92s Summer Jam at the USANA Amphitheatre in West Valley City, Utah on August 2,2008. Khalifa released the mixtapes Star Power in September 2008, and Flight School in April 2009 on Rostrum Records, Khalifa parted ways with Warner Bros. Records in July 2009 after numerous delays in releasing his planned debut album for the label, First Flight
14.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
15.
Travis Scott
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Jacques Webster, Jr. better known by his stage name Travis Scott, is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer from Houston, Texas. In 2012, Scott signed a deal with Epic Records. In November of the year, Scott signed a deal with Very GOOD Beats. In April 2013, it was announced he signed with T. I. s Grand Hustle imprint and he released his first full-length project, a mixtape titled Owl Pharaoh, in May 2013. He then released his second mixtape Days Before Rodeo in August 2014 and his debut album Rodeo, was released on September 4,2015. His sophomore album, Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight, was released on September 2,2016, jacques Webster, Jr. was born on April 30,1992 in Houston, Texas. He grew up in Missouri City, a suburban area bordering southwest Houston. Scott stayed with his grandmother in the hood from ages one to six, but later moved to the suburbs, Scott attended the University of Texas at San Antonio before dropping out to fully pursue his music career. At the age of 16, Scott began his career as a record producer. He subsequently entered his first partnership with his friend, Chris Holloway. In 2008, the duo released their untitled first EP on Myspace, the following year, both Scott and Holloway formed with OG Chess, and formed a group, entitled The Classmates. The Classmates released two projects with Buddy Rich in 2009 and Cruisn USA in 2010, Scott mainly handled production work on both projects. Later in the year, personal conflicts and financial disputes lead to the disbanding of the group, after Scott left college, Scott moved from Houston, Texas to Washington, New York, where Scott began work with friend Mike Waxx, who owned the music website Illroots. Eventually frustrated in New York, Scott moved to Los Angeles, rapper T. I. subsequently listened to one of Scotts produced songs, entitled Lights. While in Los Angeles, T. I. s rep contacted Scott, during the meeting, T. I. freestyled over Animal, one of Scotts instrumental productions. His first project, titled Owl Pharaoh was set to be released as a download for 2012. However, the project was delayed, and was announced to be slated for the 2012 release, Scott released his track, called Blocka La Flame, a remix of fellow GOOD Music signee Pusha Ts single Blocka. The song was produced by Young Chop, with the production by Scott himself
16.
ASAP Rocky
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Rakim Mayers, better known by his stage name ASAP Rocky, is an American rapper, record producer, director, actor and model from the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan, New York. He is a member of the hip hop group A$AP Mob, Rocky released his debut mixtape Live. A$AP, in 2011 to critical acclaim, the success of his mixtape led to a record deal with Polo Grounds Music, RCA Records, and Sony Music Entertainment. He subsequently recorded his 2013 debut album Long, A$AP, which was also well received by critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. In 2015, Rocky released his studio album titled At. The album debuted at one on the Billboard 200, making it Rockys second consecutive album to debut at number one and has received critical acclaim from music critics. Rocky has also directed videos for himself, Danny Brown. He is also a record producer, producing under the pseudonym Lord Flacko. Rakim Mayers was born on October 3,1988, in the Harlem neighborhood of Manhattan and his father was from Barbados, and his mother is African American. He has a sister, Erika B. Mayers first name was taken from the hip hop artist Rakim and his cousin is fellow ASAP Mob member ASAP Nast. Rocky started rapping at the age of 8, when he moved to Harrisburg and he learned how to rap from his older brother, who also wore the French braids hairdo that Mayers later adopted. When Mayers was 12 years old, his father went to jail in connection with selling drugs, when Mayers was 13, his brother was killed in Harlem. The death inspired Rocky to take rapping more seriously, Mayers grew up admiring Harlem-based rap group The Diplomats. He was also influenced by Mobb Deep, Three 6 Mafia, UGK, Run DMC, Wu-Tang Clan, A$AP Rocky sold drugs while moving around homeless shelters with his mother and sister. At the age of 15, he was selling crack in the Bronx, after living for a period in a shelter with his mother in New York City, he moved to midtown Manhattan. It had been formed by A$AP Yams, A$AP Bari and A$AP Illz, in July 2011, Rocky released his lesser known first mixtape Deep Purple which includes his first debut single Purple Swag. In August 2011, Rockys debut single Peso, was leaked online, after he released a music video for his song Purple Swag, he received attention from several record labels
17.
Ty Dolla Sign
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Tyrone William Griffin Jr. known professionally as Ty Dolla Sign, is an American singer, rapper, songwriter, and record producer. He first gained recognition in 2010 for his feature on YGs Toot It and Boot It. In the summer of 2013, he signed a deal with Wiz Khalifas Taylor Gang Records. In November 2015, he released his studio album, Free TC. Ty Dolla Sign is perhaps best known for his singles Paranoid, Or Nah, and Blasé, as well as his contributions to Loyal, Post to Be. Aside from his music career, Ty Dolla Sign is also a member of production team D. R. U. G. S. Alongside Chordz 3D, Buddah, Nate 3D, James Koo, Fuego, Ty Dolla Sign was born Tyrone William Griffin Jr. on April 13,1985, in Los Angeles, California. Growing up in South Central Los Angeles, Ty Dolla Sign was a member, representing the Bloods. Ty Dolla Sign is the son the musician Tyrone Griffin, a member of the band Lakeside, Ty Dolla Sign began his music career by learning how to play the bass guitar and later learned how to play drums, guitars, keyboards, and the MPC. Ty Dolla Sign and his partner Kory were signed a deal with Venus Brown and Buddah Brown Entertainment, subsequently releasing a mixtape. The duo also made guest appearances on albums by other artists such as Sa-Ra Creative Partners. They also sang on songs such as U, which was featured on the latter 2007s recording Popular Demand, eventually, however, the partners had a falling out related to these ventures. He then became affiliated with YGs group Pu$haz Ink, in 2011, Ty Dolla Sign released his first solo song, titled All Star featuring Joe Moses, and produced by Fuego. Ty Dolla Sign then released My Cabana, featuring Young Jeezy, Ty Dolla Sign co-founded the production team D. R. U. G. S. Alongside longtime friends and fellow music producers Chordz 3D and G Casso, including Nate 3D, Buddah Shampoo, Fuego, DJ Mustard and DJ Dahi. In 2012, Ty Dolla Sign signed a contract with Atlantic Records. After signing with Atlantic Records, he released his first solo mixtape, titled Beach House and he followed with the mixtapes sequel, Beach House 2, on July 1,2013. Beach House 2 features guest appearances from Too $hort, Wiz Khalifa, Juicy J and Kirko Bangz, the following day, it was revealed that Ty Dolla Sign signed a deal with Wiz Khalifas Taylor Gang Records
18.
Rae Sremmurd
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Rae Sremmurd is an American hip hop duo originating from Tupelo, Mississippi formed by brothers, Swae Lee and Slim Jxmmi. In 2013, they signed a deal with Mike Will Made-Its EarDrummers imprint. The group released their debut album SremmLife in January 2015, which went on to sell over 1,000,000 copies in the US and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and their sophomore album, SremmLife 2 was released in August 2016. They also created their own label, SremmLife Crew, the same year, the name Rae Sremmurd is derived from their home label, EarDrummers, by spelling each word backwards. Aaquil Ibinshaman Brown and his little brother Khalif Malikibnsham Brown were born in Inglewood, California in December 29,1991 and in June 7,1993 respectively. They grew up with their mother, Bernadette Walker, and their brother, Michael and their mother worked for the army, she was regularly deployed in different states. The family moved several times, leaving California for Mississippi, Maryland, the two brothers started practicing, dancing and writing music together at an early age. In Texas, at some point around his 10th birthday, Khalif learned to produce music using Fruity Loops. While the two boys were in school, the family left Texas and moved back to Mississippi to join Bernadettes new companion, Floyd Sullivan. They settled in the city of Tupelo, Mississippi, in the notorious Ida Street housing projects, the young couple had a son named Floyd Jr. Sullivan. To support the family and to keep the boys in school, Brown brothers met Jemiah Middlebrooks at Tupelo, while he was playing basketball at a local park. They decided to found the hip hop band Dem Outta St8 Boyz with him, Aaquil took the stage name CaliBoy, Khalif choosed Kid Krunk and Jemiah took Lil Pantz. They used money from their jobs to buy equipment and to produce music at home. The two brothers were composing their own beats and the trio were rapping on it, visibly inspired by Soulja Boy, the boys released songs and dance videos on social networks of the time. It was at the time that the group met and became friends with Jermarcus Jackson aka JJ. He since became the DJ of the group, shortly after, Bernadette Walker and her companion were splitting up. Following the break-up, the two started to skipping school. They also worked more seriously on music which brought them to coming in at all hours of the night while they had school the next morning, in order to deal with this situation, the mother started kicking her sons out the house, leaving them homeless
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Quavo
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Migos is an American hip hop group formed in 2009, from Lawrenceville, Georgia. The group is composed of three rappers, known by their stage names Quavo, Takeoff and Offset, Migos released their commercial debut single Versace, in 2013, taken from their mixtape Y. R. N. They went on to several successful singles, such as Fight Night, Look at My Dab. The group released its debut album Yung Rich Nation, in 2015 and its second album, Culture, was released in January 2017. Migos are managed by Coach K, the manager of prominent Atlanta-based rappers Gucci Mane and Young Jeezy. Migos was formed in 2009, by Quavo, Takeoff and Offset, originally from Lawrenceville, the three members are directly related and were raised together, Quavo is Takeoffs uncle, and Offset is Quavos cousin. The group released their first full-length project, a mixtape titled Juug Season, on August 25,2011 and they followed with the mixtape No Label, on June 1,2012. In 2013, Migos released their breakout single Versace, the single was produced by Zaytoven and peaked at number 99 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart. Later that year, Canadian rapper Drake brought the more recognition when he remixed the song, adding a verse. On June 13, Migos released their mixtape Y. R. N. which features the lead single Versace, to critical acclaim. Brandon Soderberg of Spin gave it 8 out of 10 stars, commenting that it is a super-cut of Dirty South vibes, on June 15,2013, the group performed at rap radio station Hot 107. 9s Birthday Bash. In October 2013, the group was featured in XXLs section Show & Prove, Y. R. N. was named the 27th best album of 2013 and sixth best hip-hop album of 2013 by SPIN. On February 25,2014, Migos released the sequel to their second mixtape, the tape was downloaded over 100,000 times in the first week of its release and was certified gold on popular mixtape sharing site DatPiff. No Label 2 was met generally positive reviews from music critics. Consequence of Sound described it as the mix of raucous party tunes and triumphant rap anthems for your next BBQ or block party. Commented that it is packed with potential hits, vibe also praised the production on the tape, calling it extensive and impressive. On March 14,2014, it was revealed by Migos mixtape Y. R. N,2, that this project has turned out to be a full-fledged album. The trio are looking to put it up for amount of 20 songs on their effort, in June 2014, it was then revealed, that Migos has signed a deal to 300 Entertainment, which is distributed by Atlantic Records
20.
Tory Lanez
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Daystar Peterson, better known by his stage name Tory Lanez, is a Canadian hip hop recording artist. He received major recognition from the mixtape Lost Cause and the singles, Say It, and Luv, which peaked at number 23, in 2015, Tory Lanez signed to Mad Love Records and Interscope Records. Lanez released his studio album, I Told You on August 19,2016. Daystar Peterson was born on July 27,1992, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the family was based in Montreal, before moving to Miami, Florida. Daystar was known to practice and refine his skills throughout his childhood. Following his mothers death, his father working as an ordained minister and missionary. Daystars father later remarried and the moved to Atlanta, Georgia, where Daystar met his friend Hakeem. In 2006, he was sent to live with older brother, Orane Forrest, in Jamaica, Queens, New York, Daystar then was forced to return to Toronto with his grandmother. Since she refused to care of him, he was on his own at the age of 15. I ended up moving downtown with these three dudes that I didn’t really know, I came into the house and I didn’t realize how things worked. From like fifteen to eighteen, I was just fighting them and it was every man for himself. That’s what made me a man, having to fend for myself and being in a situation there is no dad, no grandma. It changed the person that I am today, he says and he then once again started rapping, before giving himself a nickname, Notorious, and adopted into his new moniker Tory Lanez. At the age of 16, Daystar dropped out of the tenth grade, at the age of 17, Daystar began singing, which he found an interest in. However, he had never received any vocal training, Daystar also goes by the name Argentina Fargo. In an interview, he said When I put foreign and banking together, i’m a Canadian dude, walking around America. When you look at me, it’s like looking at foreign money, so I call myself Argentina Fargo—like foreign money. In 2009, Tory Lanez released his mixtape, T. L2 T. O
21.
Jaycen Joshua
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Jaycen Joshua is a three-time Grammy Award winning mix engineer who works at Larrabee Sound Studios in North Hollywood, California. Joshua started his mix career in 2006 when he became partners with his mentor Dave Pensado, Joshua has won multiple Grammys and mixed many Grammy Award winning records such as Single Ladies by Beyoncé and Blame It by Jamie Foxx, as well as over 60 #1 singles and albums. Joshua has worked with Mariah Carey, Justin Timberlake, Sean Combs, Jay-Z, Chris Brown, Miley Cyrus, Christina Aguilera, Mary J. Blige, Rihanna, R. Kelly, Celine Dion, J-Lo, T. I. Usher, Michael Jackson, Nicki Minaj, Katy Perry, Snoop Dogg, Justin Bieber, Seal, Nas, Chris Brown, Joshua is managed by Terry Ross for Innersound Management, LLC. Sasha Fierce Justin Bieber - My World 2.0 Lookin for a mix engineer
22.
Lex Luger
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He is best known for his work with the National Wrestling Alliance, World Championship Wrestling, and the World Wrestling Federation. Luger is a two-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion and one-time WWA World Heavyweight Champion and he is also a five-time NWA/WCW United States Heavyweight Champion who holds the records for consecutive days and total days as champion. Although he never won a championship in the WWF, he challenged for every title in the organization and was the 1994 Royal Rumble co-winner with Bret Hart. Pro Wrestling Illustrated readers voted Luger the Most Popular Wrestler of the Year in 1993, Luger attended high school and played football in Orchard Park, New York. He sat out the 1978 season as a transfer student in Coral Gables. In 1979, Luger played for the Miami Hurricanes, which featured future NFL Hall of Fame quarterback Jim Kelly, Jim Burt, Mitch Guittar, Fred Marion and Mark Richt. Upon leaving Miami, he played football for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League where he played in the 67th Grey Cup against the Edmonton Eskimos. He returned to the Packers training camp in 1983, but he was released before the season began. Luger wore number 66 for the Packers, the last player to do so before it was retired for Ray Nitschke, in 1984, Luger finished his football career playing in the United States Football League for the Tampa Bay Bandits, Memphis Showboats and Jacksonville Bulls. He was a teammate with future WCW rival Ron Simmons while playing for the Tampa Bay Bandits, roop arranged for Luger to be trained by Hiro Matsuda, who had previously trained Hulk Hogan and Mr. Wonderful Paul Orndorff. Luger adopted the ring name Lex Luger, being a fan of the comic book villain Lex Luthor and he was featured alongside Percy Pringle and Rick Rude. Luger began wrestling in the Championship Wrestling from Florida territory of the National Wrestling Alliance and he got his first victory on October 31,1985, against Cocoa Samoa and won the Southern Heavyweight Championship from Wahoo McDaniel the next month. For a short time, he feuded with Barry Windham before they began teaming up against Sir Oliver Humperdink and his team of Ed The Bull Gantner, Kareem Muhammed, and The White Ninja. On September 1,1986, he fought NWA World Heavyweight Champion Ric Flair for the title at a show Battle of the Belts III, as a result, Flair retained the title. Towards the end of his run in Florida, Luger was involved in angles with Kevin Sullivan and he was also in a steel cage match with Bruiser Brody, where Brody stopped cooperating, leading to Luger climbing over the cage leaving the match. He was first booked as an associate to Ric Flairs Four Horsemen stable until Ole Anderson was kicked out and his first big feud was with Nikita Koloff, whom he defeated for the NWA United States Heavyweight Championship on July 11,1987. Manager James J. Dillon threw a chair over the top of the cage while the referee, Luger knocked Koloff unconscious with it and then lifted up Koloff in the Torture Rack. A revived Hebner then dropped Koloffs arm three times with no response and awarded Luger a submission victory and he held the title until JCPs first pay-per-view event Starrcade in November, when he dropped it to Dusty Rhodes in a steel cage
