Rudolf Heinrich Friedrich was a Swiss attorney and politician. He served as a member of the Federal Council (Switzerland) for the Free Democratic Party from 1982 to 1984, where he held the position as Head of the Federal Department of Justice and Police. He resigned from this position due to health reasons. Previously, Friedrich served as a member of the National Council (Switzerland) from 1975 to 1982.

The Federal Department of Justice and Police is one of the seven departments of the Swiss federal government. As of 2024, it is headed by Federal Councillor Beat Jans. Until 1979, the department was known as the Department of Justice and Police.