Run-length limited
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Run-length limited is a line coding technique that is used to send arbitrary data over a communications channel with bandwidth limits. RLL is used in both telecommunication and storage systems that mo
Seagate ST11R, an 8-bit ISA RLL hard disk controller produced in 1990.
Hard disk drive
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A hard disk drive, hard disk, hard drive, or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical computer data storage device that stores and retrieves digital data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid rapid
Run-length limited
…media to reliably store the maximal amount of data in a given space. Degenerate RLL encoding schemes, such as FM and MFM code, which were widely used in hard disk drives until the mid-1980s. Higher-density (2,7) RLL and (1,7) RLL codes became the de facto industry standard for hard disks by the early 1990s. Higher order…
A partially disassembled IBM 350 hard disk drive (RAMAC)
Hitachi 500GB 3.5" drive, 2011, opened to show the disk platters and read/write arm
A 3.5" and a 2.5" HDD with front covers removed to show their internals
Recording of single magnetisations of bits on a 200 MB HDD-platter (recording made visible using CMOS-MagView)