Runes are the letters in a set of related alphabets, known as rune-rows, runic alphabets or futharks, native to the Germanic peoples. Runes were primarily used to represent a sound value but they were
An inscription using cipher runes, the Elder Futhark, and the Younger Futhark, on the 9th-century Rök runestone in Sweden
A Younger Futhark inscription on the 12th-century Vaksala Runestone in Sweden
Ring of Pietroassa (c. 250–400 AD) by Henri Trenk, 1875
A bind rune, or bindrune, is a Migration Period Germanic ligature of two or more runes. They are extremely rare in Viking Age inscriptions, but are common in earlier and later inscriptions.
A boat whose mast is formed with the bind runes þ=r=u=t=a=ʀ= =þ=i=a=k=n, on the runestone Sö 158 at Ärsta, Södermanland, Sweden. The bind runes tell that the deceased was a strong thegn.
Cryptic runic inscription on a silver knife mount, with several bind runes
The "Derbyshire bone plate", showing the name Hadda with ligatured double ᛞ
A bind rune for the word runaʀ on the Sønder Kirkeby Runestone in Denmark