1.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
2.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
3.
Cawood Ledford
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Cawood Ledford was a longtime radio play-by-play announcer for the University of Kentucky basketball and football teams. Ledfords style and professionalism endeared himself to sports fans in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. A native of Harlan, Kentucky, Ledford was educated at Hall High School and Centre College in Danville and he began broadcasting high school basketball and football games for WHLN radio in Harlan in 1951 and began broadcasting Kentucky Wildcats games in 1953 after moving to Lexington. He remained in his position of play-by-play announcer for University of Kentucky basketball for 39 years, in a gesture of appreciation, Duke head coach Mike Krzyzewski walked to the broadcast area immediately after the games conclusion and congratulated Ledford on his career. He also worked as the announcer for national radio broadcasts of the NCAA Mens Final Four on the CBS Radio Network. Ledford also announced broadcasts of games of the Kentucky Colonels. Listeners to his radio broadcasts found that he was able to paint an extremely detailed visual picture of the game. Fans observe that Ledford rarely let a call lag behind the action, Ledfords voice was generally higher pitched and mildly nasal, which allowed for clear enunciation. However, the quality of his voice was smokey and resonant. Bullseye – A made basket, especially a long-range shot He went to war on that one, – Used to describe a player who demonstrated exceptional or extraordinary effort on a play while encountering significant physical opposition. Said especially of players who drove the lane and shot the ball while drawing a foul, fiercely contested for a rebound, variant, When Kentucky played a road game, this changed to a local landmark. For example, after a long 3-point shot made by Rex Chapman in 1986 at Louisville, – During Kentucky football games, if a Wildcat player scored a long touchdown, Ledford would ask long-time broadcast partner and color commentator Ralph Hacker if the referee had thrown a flag. This question was as much about genuine concern that the play would be called back as much as his remembering how many similar plays were negated due to Kentucky penalties in previous games, the humorous question caught on with fans, and is perhaps Ledfords most memorable football saying. Fans of Ledford frequently share stories about listening to his University of Kentucky broadcasts over the years, perhaps because of the success of the University of Kentuckys mens basketball program, Ledford is generally best remembered as a basketball announcer. In a 2001 dedication, the University of Kentucky named its basketball court at Rupp Arena in Ledfords honor, the words Cawoods Court and a radio microphone are painted on the floor in commemoration. The microphone is located at the sideline opposite the scorers table close to where Ledford broadcast games, Cawood Ledford was inducted into the Kentucky Athletic Hall of Fame in 1987. He won three Eclipse Awards for outstanding coverage of thoroughbred racing and he was also named Kentuckys Sportscaster of the Year a record 22 times. Ledford is generally considered among the finest play-by-play commentators in the history of American sports broadcasting and is esteemed by his peers
4.
Ellerbe Becket
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Ellerbe Becket was an independent Minneapolis, Minnesota-based architectural, engineering, interior design and construction firm until 2009, when it was acquired by AECOM. As of May 2011 the company is doing business under the AECOM name. AECOM is ranked as one of the worlds largest architectural firms, with offices in Dallas, TX, Kansas City, MO, San Francisco, CA, Washington, DC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates and Doha, Qatar. The firm currently employs 475 people in seven locations and three countries, and has designed buildings in all of the 50 states and in 20 countries, the company originally called Ellerbe & Co. was founded by Franklin Ellerbe in 1909 in St. Paul, Minnesota. Its first clients included the Mayo Clinic and 3M, thomas Ellerbe took over the company in 1921 upon his fathers death. When he retired in 1966 it became an employee-owned company, in 1987 it merged with Welton Becket and Associates of Los Angeles and became Ellerbe Becket. In 1988 it opened a sports division in Kansas City. On October 26,2009 Ellerbe Becket joined the architecture, planning, Ellerbe Becket’s professional expertise and practice strengths in the design of healthcare, sports, government, corporate and higher education facilities complement the global AECOM platform
5.
Kentucky Wildcats
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The Kentucky Wildcats are the mens and womens intercollegiate athletic squads of the University of Kentucky, a founding member of the Southeastern Conference. Historically, the teams and athletes were referred to as the Lady Kats. Collectively, the fans of the Kentucky Wildcats are often referred to as the Big Blue Nation, the nickname Wildcats became synonymous with UK shortly after a 6–2 football road victory over Illinois on October 9,1909. Later the name Wildcats became more and more popular among UK followers as well as members of the media. As a result, the nickname was adopted by the university, the university adopted blue and white as its official colors in 1892. Originally, however, UK students had decided on blue and light yellow prior to the Kentucky-Centre College football game on December 19,1887, the shade of blue, which is close to a royal blue, was chosen when a student asked the question, What color blue. At the time, Richard C. Stoll pulled off his necktie, the students then adopted that particular shade of blue. A year later, UK students officially dropped the light yellow color for white because the two colors did not look good together, UK has won 11 national championships with its latest being crowned on April 2,2012 by the mens basketball team. UK also boasts the 1988 Womens Cross County national championship,2011 rifle, UK was also crowned an NCAA co-champion, after knocking off #1 Oklahoma in the 1951 Sugar Bowl to win the 1950 National Championship in college football. Beginning in the 1890s, students at the University of Kentucky started scheduling football games with neighboring colleges, the basketball program began on campus in 1902, originally as a womens sport, a mens team was added one year later. Several decades later, in 1930, then-high school coach Adolph Rupp was hired as a coach for the university. During his tenure, he led the Kentucky Wildcats to four NCAA crowns in 1948,1949,1951 and 1958. The Wildcats later won a championship under Joe B. Hall in 1978, another in 1996 under Rick Pitino, in 1998 under Orlando Tubby Smith. Calipari has been the coach since the 2009–10 season, in 2007, the university unveiled the Joe Craft Center, a $30 million state-of-the-art basketball practice facility for both the mens and womens teams. Considered to be an elite NCAA basketball program, the University of Kentucky mens basketball team is the winningest program in the history of college basketball, the team was the first ever Division I squad to reach 2,000 victories after defeating Drexel University on December 21,2009. Kentucky also leads all NCAA schools in all-time winning percentage with an record of 2111–661. The mens team has earned a total of eight NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championships, second only to UCLAs eleven championships. UKs eight championships were won by five different coaches – Adolph Rupp in 1948,1949,1951 and 1958, Joe B. Hall in 1978, Rick Pitino in 1996, Tubby Smith in 1998, the Wildcats also won two NIT Championships in 1946 and 1976
6.
National Collegiate Athletic Association
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The National Collegiate Athletic Association is a non-profit association which regulates athletes of 1,281 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals. It also organizes the programs of many colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. The organization is headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 2014, the NCAA generated almost a billion dollars in revenue. 80 to 90% of this revenue was due to the Division I Mens Basketball Tournament and this revenue is then distributed back into various organizations and institutions across the United States. In August 1973, the current three-division setup of Division I, Division II, under NCAA rules, Division I and Division II schools can offer scholarships to athletes for playing a sport. Division III schools may not offer any athletic scholarships, generally, larger schools compete in Division I and smaller schools in II and III. Division I football was divided into I-A and I-AA in 1978. Subsequently, the term Division I-AAA was briefly added to delineate Division I schools which do not field a football program at all, in 2006, Divisions I-A and I-AA were respectively renamed the Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision. Inter-collegiate sports began in the US in 1852 when crews from Harvard University, as other sports emerged, notably football and basketball, many of these same concepts and standards were adopted. Football, in particular, began to emerge as a marquee sport, the IAAUS was officially established on March 31,1906, and took its present name, the NCAA, in 1910. For several years, the NCAA was a group and rules-making body, but in 1921, the first NCAA national championship was conducted. Gradually, more rules committees were formed and more championships were created, a series of crises brought the NCAA to a crossroads after World War II. The Sanity Code – adopted to establish guidelines for recruiting and financial aid – failed to curb abuses, postseason football games were multiplying with little control, and member schools were increasingly concerned about how the new medium of television would affect football attendance. The complexity of problems and the growth in membership and championships demonstrated the need for full-time professional leadership. Walter Byers, previously an executive assistant, was named executive director in 1951. Byers wasted no time placing his stamp on the Association, as college athletics grew, the scope of the nations athletics programs diverged, forcing the NCAA to create a structure that recognized varying levels of emphasis. In 1973, the Associations membership was divided into three legislative and competitive divisions – I, II, and III, five years later in 1978, Division I members voted to create subdivisions I-A and I-AA in football. Until the 1980s, the association did not offer womens athletics, instead, the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, with nearly 1000 member schools, governed womens collegiate sports in the United States
7.
Kentucky Horsemen
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The Kentucky Horsemen were an indoor football team based in Lexington, Kentucky. The team played its games at Rupp Arena. The organization began as a 2003 expansion member of the National Indoor Football League and they yet lost to the Sioux Falls Storm. They made the playoffs again in 2006 advancing to United Bowl II, from 2008 through 2009, the Horsemen played in the af2. The team had announced intentions to compete in the new Arena Football League following the dissolution of the af2, the game was Head Coach Mike Zuckermans final game. The teams official mascot is Spike, a hero-like horseman, on August 22,2007 Horsemen owner Lenny House announced that the Horsemen had played their final game. Citing poor attendance and lowered revenue, a fate not unusual for UIF teams, with the move the Horsemen adopted new jerseys, that included a slight change in their blue color scheme. The Horsemen saw numerous changes occur aft the 2008 season, most notably, ownership changed hands from the House family to the newly formed not for profit Horsemen Charitable Foundation. The foundation was spearheaded by former Horsemen general manager Brian Boehm in an effort to keep Central Kentucky from losing yet another professional sports team, just when they were about to play in the new Arena Football League in 2010, the team shut down operations due to financial situations. However, on the official website, a newly designed logo is shown with Dont count us out yet. Underneath, possibly hinting at the making a comeback. First game On March 29,2003, the Horsemen played their first game in front of a crowd of 10,004 in Rupp Arena and they lost to the Lake Charles Land Sharks 41-50. Indoor Bowl IV In their second season, the Horsemen beat the Sioux Falls Storm in Sioux Falls 59-38 to win the Indoor Bowl Championship, United Bowl II Under first year QB Eddie Eviston, the Horsemen lost to the undefeated Sioux Falls Storm 64-72 in United Bowl II. They won the game 48-33 and advanced to the Eastern Conference championship with home field advantage, in the same game, running back Rayshawn Askew tied Hall of Fame NFL wide receiver Jerry Rice for most touchdowns by a professional football player with 208. The following week in the conference championship Askew broke the record on a touchdown catch from Eddie Eviston. The Horsemen won and advanced to the United Bowl
8.
AF2
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AF2 was the name of the Arena Football Leagues developmental league, it was founded in 1999 and played its first season in 2000. Like its parent AFL, the AF2 played using the arena football rules. League seasons ran from April through July with the postseason and ArenaCup championship in August, the AF2 continued to operate while the AFL suspended operations for its 2009 season. The league was disbanded in September 2009 when no team committed to playing in 2010. Like most other sports leagues, the AF2 existed to develop football players and also to help players adapt to the style. In addition, the AF2 was similar to minor leagues because AF2 teams played in smaller cities. Also in common with other professional sports leagues, players also earned less than in the AFL. The AF2 was founded in 1999 by the Arena Football League in an attempt to bring the game to mid-sized markets following the success of AFL on the national level. The AF2 was not intended to be a system for the AFL like the American Hockey League and Minor League Baseball are to the National Hockey League and Major League Baseball. The league was designed as a league that would develop the players in the interest of the higher league as a whole. The lack of AFL–AF2 team affiliations would prevent the AFL from stashing players in the league for later use. Players in the AF2 were signed to contracts, after the expiration of which they essentially became free agents to sign with whichever league. Each of these leagues, though they would fold, managed to last for multiple seasons. With Jim Fosters patent on arena football, the AF2 had the advantage of being the game as was being seen on the national level with the use of the rebound nets. Working on a scale, the AF2 would try to capitalize on local and regional rivalries. The Xtreme Football League was another upstart league trying to capitalize on the arena football phenomenon, although a logo was developed and venues had begun to be lined up, the league and its nine teams were purchased by the AF2 on July 29,1999. The AF2 finally took the field in March 2000 in a game between the Birmingham Steeldogs and Tennessee Valley Vipers, fifteen teams were fielded in 2000 with the rights for several more cities quickly secured. The Orlando Predators also purchased the competitor Indoor Football League, several teams would be absorbed into the AF2 for the 2001 season
9.
Kentucky Thoroughblades
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The Kentucky Thoroughblades were a minor professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League, who existed from 1996 to 2001. The Thoroughblades were based in Lexington, Kentucky, playing games at Rupp Arena. The Thoroughblades were an affiliate of the NHLs San Jose Sharks, the Thoroughblades were the first professional ice hockey team to play in Lexington, Kentucky. During the 1997–98 season, Kentucky averaged 7,741 fans per game, attendance decreased in the next three seasons, even with two consecutive division championships. In their final season, attendance averaged only 4,461 fans per game, in 2001, the team moved to Cleveland, Ohio, becoming the Cleveland Barons. In 2006, the team moved to Worcester, Massachusetts. In 2015, the moved to San Jose, California to become the San Jose Barracuda. The void in Lexington was replaced in 2001, by another minor league hockey team, the Lexington Men O War of the ECHL, lasting one season in Lexington. com
10.
American Hockey League
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The American Hockey League is a 30-team professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary developmental league for the National Hockey League. Twenty-seven AHL teams are located in the United States and the three are in Canada. The league offices are located in Springfield, Massachusetts, and its current president is David Andrews, the annual playoff champion is awarded the Calder Cup, named for Frank Calder, the first President of the NHL. The reigning champions are the Lake Erie Monsters, the AHL traces its origins directly to two predecessor professional leagues, the Canadian-American Hockey League, founded in 1926, and the first International Hockey League, established in 1929. With both leagues down to the minimum in membership, the governors of each recognized the need for action to assure their member clubs long-term survival. Their solution was to play an interlocking schedule, while the Can-Am was based in the Northeast and the IHL in the Great Lakes and Midwest, their footprints were close enough for this to be a viable option. The two older leagues eight surviving clubs began joint play in November 1936 as a new circuit of mutual convenience known as the International-American Hockey League. The four Can-Am teams became the I-AHL East Division, with the IHL quartet playing as the West Division. The IHL also contributed its former championship trophy, the F. G. Teddy Oke Trophy, the Oke Trophy is now awarded to the regular-season winners of the AHLs Northeast Division. A little more than a month into that first season, the balance, the makeshift new I-AHL played out the rest of its first season with just seven teams. At the end of the 1936–37 season, a modified playoff format was devised and a new championship trophy. The Syracuse Stars defeated the Philadelphia Ramblers in the final, three-games-to-one, the Calder Cup continues on today as the AHLs playoff championship trophy. After two seasons of interlocking play, the governors of the two leagues seven active teams met in New York City on June 28,1938, maurice Podoloff of New Haven, the former head of the Can-Am League, was elected the I-AHLs first president. The former IHL president, John Chick of Windsor, Ontario, the Bears remain the only one of these eight original I-AHL/AHL franchises to have been represented in the league without interruption since the 1938–39 season. The newly merged circuit also increased its schedule for each team by six games from 48 to 54. After the 1939–40 season the I-AHL renamed itself the American Hockey League and it generally enjoyed both consistent success on the ice and relative financial stability over its first three decades of operation. The number of teams competing for players rose from six to thirty in just seven years. Player salaries at all levels shot up dramatically with the increased demand and this did not seem to affect the AHL at first, as it expanded to 12 teams by 1970
11.
Lexington Men O' War
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The Lexington Men O War were a minor league professional ice hockey team and member of the ECHL. The name Man O War is from a race horse who was bred in Lexington. The Men O War played at Rupp Arena in Lexington, Kentucky from 2002 to 2003, like Lexingtons previous team before them, success on the ice did not bring good attendance figures. They finished with a record of 34-31-7 and 75 points, which placed fourth in the Northwest Division. However, they brought in an average of 2368 fans per game. The team drew the Toledo Storm in the first round of the playoffs that year, van Burgess led the team in points with 55, while Mark Smith paced the team with 22 goals. Jay Banach paced the team with 191 penalty minutes, dan Murphy played a team high 43 games in net, and won 21. The team folded following the 2002–03 season, and would later be revived as the Utah Grizzlies beginning in the 2005–06 season
12.
ECHL
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The ECHL is a mid-level professional ice hockey league based in Princeton, New Jersey, with teams scattered across the United States and one franchise in Canada. It is a tier below the American Hockey League, additionally, the leagues players are represented by the Professional Hockey Players Association in negotiations with the ECHL itself. Some 614 players have played at least one game in both the NHL and the ECHL. All but four National Hockey League teams have affiliations with an ECHL team with Columbus, Florida, New Jersey, however, these teams do sometimes lend contracted players to ECHL teams for development and increased playing time. The leagues regular season begins in October and ends in April, the current ECHL champion is the Allen Americans. Alaska, Bakersfield, Fresno, Idaho, Las Vegas, Long Beach, in a change reflective of the leagues now-nationwide presence, the East Coast Hockey League shortened its name to the orphan initialism ECHL on May 19,2003. The ECHL reached its largest size to date that season before being reduced to 28 teams for the 2004–05 season, the ECHL has attempted to be more tech-friendly to its fans. In 2008, the introduced the ECHL toolbar for internet browsers which gave users short cut access to statistics, scores, transactions. At the annual ECHL Board of Governors Meeting on June 15,2010, in Henderson, Nevada, the former American Conference was renamed the Eastern Conference, while the National Conference, was re-designated the Western Conference. Within the Eastern Conference, the East Division was renamed the Atlantic Division, the league lost its only Canadian team with the folding of the Victoria Salmon Kings subsequent to the 2010–11 season. The league increased to 20 teams for the 2011–12 season with the addition of the expansion franchise Chicago Express and the Colorado Eagles who previously played in the Central Hockey League. That number dropped to 22 for the 2013–14 season with the folding of the Trenton Titans, the league, because of geographical anomalies, has used unbalanced conferences and divisions, making for some extremely varied playoff formats and limited inter-conference play. Due to travel costs, the league has attempted to placate owners in keeping those costs down, the Board of Governors then votes whether or not to extend the franchises league licenses until the next Board of Governors Meeting. At the 2012 Board of Governors Meeting, the Board elected to limit the league to 26 teams, however, it was decided at the 2015 Board of Governors meeting that the cap should be expanded to 30 teams, hoping to eventually match the NHL and AHLs 30-team total. Reno has not had a minor hockey team since its WCHL franchise folded in 1998. After being listed for about a decade, Reno was eventually removed from the future markets page in spring 2016. However, in September 2016, new group called Reno Puck Club, LLC came forward. On February 8,2016, the announced its approval of the Worcester Railers HC as an expansion team in Worcester, Massachusetts
13.
Lexington, Kentucky
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Lexington, consolidated with Fayette County, is the second-largest city in Kentucky and the 61st largest in the United States. Known as the Horse Capital of the World, it is the heart of the states Bluegrass region, with a mayor-alderman form of government, it is one of two cities in Kentucky designated by the state as first-class, the other is the states largest city of Louisville. In the 2016 U. S. Census Estimate, the population was 318,449, anchoring a metropolitan area of 506,751 people. Lexington ranks tenth among US cities in college education rate, with 39. 5% of residents having at least a bachelors degree and this area of fertile soil and abundant wildlife was long occupied by varying tribes of Native Americans. European explorers began to trade with them but settlers did not come in force until the late 18th century, Lexington was founded by European Americans in June 1775, in what was then considered Fincastle County, Virginia,17 years before Kentucky became a state. A party of frontiersmen, led by William McConnell, camped on the Middle Fork of Elkhorn Creek at the site of the present-day McConnell Springs, upon hearing of the colonists victory in the Battles of Lexington and Concord on April 19,1775, they named their campsite Lexington. It was the first of what would be many American places to be named after the Massachusetts town, the risk of Indian attacks delayed permanent settlement for four years. In 1779, during the American Revolutionary War, Col. Robert Patterson and 25 companions came from Fort Harrod and they built cabins and a stockade, establishing a settlement known as Bryan Station. In 1780, Lexington was made the seat of Virginias newly organized Fayette County, colonists defended it against a British and allied Shawnee attack in 1782, during the last part of the American Revolutionary War. The town was chartered on May 6,1782, by an act of the Virginia General Assembly, the First African Baptist Church was founded c. 1790 by Peter Durrett, a Baptist preacher and slave held by Joseph Craig. Durrett helped guide The Travelling Church, a migration of several hundred pioneers led by the preacher Lewis Craig and Captain William Ellis from Orange County. It is the oldest black Baptist congregation in Kentucky and the third oldest in the United States, I would suppose it contains about five hundred dwelling houses, many of them elegant and three stories high. The country around Lexington for many miles in every direction, is equal in beauty and fertility to anything the imagination can paint and is already in a state of cultivation. Residents have fondly continued to refer to Lexington as The Athens of the West since Espys poem dedicated to the city, in the early 19th century, planter John Wesley Hunt became the first millionaire west of the Alleghenies. London Ferrill, second preacher of First African Baptist, was one of three clergy who stayed in the city to serve the suffering victims, additional cholera outbreaks occurred in 1848–49 and the early 1850s. Cholera was spread by using contaminated water supplies, but its transmission was not understood in those years. Often the wealthier people would flee town for outlying areas to try to avoid the spread of disease, planters held slaves for use as field hands, laborers, artisans, and domestic servants. In the city, slaves worked primarily as servants and artisans, although they also worked with merchants, shippers
14.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
15.
Lexington Center
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The Lexington Center is an entertainment, convention and sports complex located on an 11-acre site in downtown Lexington, Kentucky. It features a center, a shopping mall, the Hyatt Regency Hotel. Rupp Arena, a 24,000 seat arena, the worlds largest when it was constructed, the 1, 000-seat Lexington Opera House, located at the corner of Broadway and Short Streets. A95,000 square feet shopping mall. A70,000 square feet convention center, Triangle Park Cityscape of Lexington, Kentucky Official website Official website of Rupp Arena Official website of the Lexington Opera House Official website of Triangle Park Hyatt Regency Lexington
16.
Hyatt Regency Hotel, Lexington
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The Hyatt Regency Lexington is a 17-story, 366-room hotel located in Lexington, Kentucky. It opened in 1977 and is 190 feet in height, the hotel is located adjacent to Rupp Arena. It was designed by firms Ellerbe & Company and JR Architect, precast prestressed concrete planks were used as the flooring system. The tower structure utilizes 56 Pratt-type trusses, each 60 feet long, the hotel contains a seven-story atrium, the glass roof is supported by a space frame
17.
University of Kansas
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The University of Kansas, often referred to as KU or Kansas, is a public research university in the U. S. state of Kansas. The main campus in Lawrence, one of the largest college towns in Kansas, is on Mount Oread, two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area, the Edwards Campus in Overland Park, and the universitys medical school and hospital in Kansas City. There are also educational and research sites in Parsons, Topeka, Garden City, Hays, and Leavenworth, the university is one of the 62 members of the Association of American Universities. The university overall employed 2,814 faculty members in fall 2015, on February 20,1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence. The law was conditioned upon a gift from Lawrence of a $15,000 endowment fund, if Lawrence failed to meet these conditions, Emporia instead of Lawrence would get the university. The site selected for the university was a known as Mount Oread. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere, the philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary endowment fund, and the citizens of Lawrence raised the remaining cash by issuing notes backed by Governor Carney. On November 2,1863, Governor Carney announced that Lawrence had met the conditions to get the university. The schools Board of Regents held its first meeting in March 1865, work on the first college building began later that year. The university opened for classes on September 12,1866, during World War II, Kansas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. KU is home to the Robert J. Dole Institute of Politics, the Beach Center on Disability, Lied Center of Kansas and radio stations KJHK,90.7 FM, and KANU,91.5 FM. The university is host to several including the University of Kansas Natural History Museum. The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university, with five campuses, the university offers more than 345 degree programs. In its 2017 list, U. S. News & World Report ranked KU as tied for 118th place among National Universities and 56th place among public universities. The city management and urban policy program was ranked first in the nation, uSN&WR also ranked several programs in the top 25 among U. S. universities. The Bachelor of Architecture degree was added in 1920, in 1969, the School of Architecture and Urban Design was formed with three programs, architecture, architectural engineering, and urban planning. In 2001 architectural engineering merged with civil and environmental engineering, the design programs from the discontinued School of Fine Arts were merged into the school in 2009 forming the current School of Architecture, Design, and Planning. S in 2012. The University of Kansas School of Business is a business school on the main campus of the University of Kansas in Lawrence
18.
Adolph Rupp
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Adolph Frederick Rupp was one of the most successful coaches in the history of American college basketball. Rupp is ranked fifth in total victories by a mens NCAA Division I college coach, Rupp is also second among all mens college coaches in all-time winning percentage, trailing only Clair Bee. Rupp was enshrined in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame on April 13,1969, Rupp was born September 2,1901 in Halstead, Kansas to Heinrich Rupp, a German immigrant, and Anna Lichi, an Austrian immigrant. The fourth of six children, Rupp grew up on a 163-acre farm that his parents had homesteaded and he began playing basketball as a young child, with the help of his mother who made a ball for him by stuffing rags into a gunnysack. Mother sewed it up and somehow made it round, he recalled in 1977, Rupp was a star for the Halstead High School basketball team, one of the first in the area to play with a real basketball. He averaged 19 points a game, former teammates described Rupp as the teams unofficial coach. After high school, Rupp attended the University of Kansas from 1919 to 1923 and he worked part-time at the student Jayhawk Cafe to help pay his college expenses. He was a reserve on the team under legendary coach Forrest Phog Allen from 1919 to 1923. Assisting Allen during that time was his coach and inventor of the game of basketball, James Naismith. In Rupps junior and senior seasons, Kansas had outstanding basketball squads. Later, both of these standout Kansas teams would be awarded the Helms National Championship, recognizing the Jayhawks as the top team in the nation during those seasons and he received a MA from Teachers College, Columbia University. Rupp began his career in coaching by accepting a job at Burr Oak High School. After a one-year stay, Rupp moved on to Marshalltown, Iowa, where he coached wrestling and he did lead the Marshalltown team to a state wrestling title in 1926. In 1926–30, Rupp accepted the head coaching position at Freeport High School. During his four years at Freeport, Rupp compiled a record of 66-21, while at Freeport High School Rupp started William Mose Mosely, the first African-American to play basketball at Freeport and the second to graduate from the school. University of Illinois head basketball coach Craig Ruby was invited to speak at the banquet following the 1929–30 season. Ruby informed Rupp of the Kentucky head coaching job and followed up by recommending him for the job, during his time in Freeport, Rupp met his future wife, Esther Schmidt. Rupp coached the University of Kentucky mens basketball team from 1930 to 1972, there, he gained the nicknames, Baron of the Bluegrass, and The Man in the Brown Suit
19.
Kentucky Wildcats men's basketball
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The Kentucky Wildcats mens basketball team is an American college basketball team that represents the University of Kentucky. Kentucky is the most successful NCAA Division I basketball program in history in terms of both wins and all-time winning percentage. The Wildcats are currently coached by John Calipari, further, Kentucky has played in 17 NCAA Final Fours,12 NCAA Championship games, and has won 8 NCAA championships. In addition to these titles, Kentucky won the National Invitation Tournament in both 1946 and 1976, making it the school to win multiple NCAA and NIT championships. Kentucky also leads all schools with 61 20-win seasons,15 30-win seasons, throughout its history, the Kentucky basketball program has featured many notable and successful players, both on the collegiate level and the professional level. Kentucky holds the record for the most NBA Draft selections as well as the most #1 NBA Draft picks, the Wildcats have also been led by many successful head coaches, including Adolph Rupp, Joe B. Hall, Eddie Sutton, Rick Pitino, Tubby Smith, Kentucky is the only program with 5 different NCAA Championship coaches. The first recorded intercollegiate game at the college was a 15–6 defeat to nearby Georgetown College, the team went 1–2 for their first season, also losing to Kentucky University but defeating the Lexington YMCA. Through 1908, the team did not manage a winning season, in the fall of that year a full-time head coach was hired. This made him the first paid coach in Kentuckys basketball history and that year, the team went 5–4, and only three years later, boasted their first undefeated season with nine victories and no losses. During this early era Kentucky was unstable in that the school went through multiple coaches, in 1919, George Buchheit became the new head coach of the Wildcats. An alumnus of the University of Illinois, he brought him a new system of basketball. The Buchheit system or Illinois system, focused on defense and featured one player standing under each basket, buckheit varied the system he learned in Illinois in one important way. While the Illinois system employed a zone defense, Buchheits system used an aggressive man-to-man scheme, on offense, he used a complicated system of passing called the zig-zag or figure eight offense. Both of these teams were composed entirely of native Kentuckians, anchored by All-American Basil Hayden, the tournament victory was considered Kentuckys first major success, and the 1921 team became known as the Wonder Team. In 1922, the team was unable to build on the success of the Wonder Team, although every player was eligible in 1922, two key players, Hayden and Sam Ridgeway, were injured before the start of the season. Hayden returned from his injury during the season, but was never able to play at the level he had the previous year. Ridgeway fought a battle with diphtheria, and although he recovered
20.
College basketball
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The history of basketball is traced back to a YMCA International Training School, known today as Springfield College, located in Springfield, Massachusetts. The date of the first formal basketball game played at the Springfield YMCA Training School under Naismiths rules is generally given as December 21,1891, Basketball began to spread to college campuses by 1893. Governing bodies in Canada include U Sports and the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association, each of these various organizations are subdivided into from one to three divisions based on the number and level of scholarships that may be provided to the athletes. The first basketball games in the United States were played at YMCAs in 1891 and 1892, by 1893, the game was being played on college campuses. The original rules for basketball were very different from todays modern rules of the sport, in the beginning James Naismith established 13 original rules, The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist, a player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, the ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it, no shouldering, holding, pushing, striking, or tripping in any way of an opponent is allowed. A foul will be called when a player is seen striking at the ball with the fist, or when violations of rules 3 and 4, if either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, if the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal. When the ball out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field, the thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent, if any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and he shall have power to disqualify men according to rule 5. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to side it belongs. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals, the time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner, the following is a list of some of the major NCAA Basketball rule changes with the year they went into effect. The first known college to field a team against an outside opponent was Vanderbilt University
21.
Charlotte Coliseum
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Charlotte Coliseum was a multi-purpose sports and entertainment arena located in Charlotte, North Carolina. It was operated by the Charlotte Coliseum Authority, which oversees the operation of Bojangles Coliseum, the Charlotte Convention Center. It is best known as the home of the NBAs Charlotte Hornets from 1988 to 2002, the Coliseum hosted 364 consecutive NBA sell-outs from December 1988 to November 1997. It hosted its final NBA basketball game on October 26,2005, the city of Charlotte sold the property, and the building was demolished via implosion on June 3,2007. A mixed-use development is currently under construction at the property, construction on the Charlotte Coliseum began in 1986 and was opened on August 11,1988 with a dedication by the Rev. At the time the venue was seen as state-of-the-art, complete with luxury boxes, george Shinn had used the under-construction arena as his hole card to get the NBA to place a team in the city. With almost 24,000 seats, it was not only the largest venue in the league, some thought the Coliseum was too big, but Shinn believed the areas longstanding support for college basketball made the Coliseum a more-than-viable home for an NBA team. The day after the dedication, the United States Olympic basketball team was scheduled to play a game at the Coliseum. The Hornets would go on to lead the NBA in attendance over the course of their first seven seasons playing in The Hive, at one point, they sold out 364 consecutive games—almost nine consecutive seasons. When the Hornets relocated to New Orleans, Louisiana in 2002, one of the Coliseums last functions before being shuttered was ironically as a shelter for people fleeing New Orleans in the wake of Hurricane Katrina in the fall of 2005. The arena was used for a variety of collegiate basketball events. It also hosted the 1991 NBA All-Star Game and it was also the site of WWE Unforgiven 1999 and Judgment Day 2003. The Coliseum was home to filming of the movie Eddie in 1996 and it was also featured in 2002s Juwanna Mann. In addition to the sporting events hosted at the Coliseum. The first concert was not long after the opening and featured Frank Sinatra. The final performance in the arena was by Rick Sammons, although the Hornets were the best-known tenants of the Coliseum, many other teams called The Hive home. The Charlotte Sting of the WNBA began play in the Coliseum upon their inception in 1997, during most Sting games, the upper level and a portion of the lower level were curtained off, reducing capacity to around 10,000. However, during the Stings unexpected run to the WNBA Finals in 2001, the Charlotte 49ers played in the Coliseum during their final days in the Sun Belt Conference from 1988 through 1993
22.
Kentucky Wildcats women's basketball
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The Kentucky Wildcats womens basketball team represent the University of Kentucky in the Southeastern Conference, which has historically been the most dominant conference in womens basketball. However, despite reaching national rankings as high as #4, the team has never reached the championship semifinals. The first University of Kentucky womens basketball team was organized in 1902, after 50 years, womens basketball was granted varsity status in 1974, and most of the official records maintained by the university only reflect games since that time. The team, coached by Sue Feamster, was given the nickname Lady Kats, led by UK all-time leading scorer Valerie Still, Patty Jo Hedges, and Lea Wise, the Lady Kats won the SEC Tournament in 1982. The following year, the trio led the team to a #4 ranking in the country. The team is coached by Matthew Mitchell. Recently the team has played occasional games in the 23,500 seat Rupp Arena. In January 2007, the university opened the Joe Craft Center, St. John Thomson Bryant C. W. Leaphart Walter C. Fox John J. P. St. John 1905 Unknown 1906 0-1 Thomson Bryant 1907 No Games Thomson Bryant 1908 3-0-1 C. W. Leaphart 1908–09 4-1 Walter C, fox 1909–10 7-1 No Coach Listed 1910–11 No Record 1911–12 4-1 J. J. Tigert 1915–16 2-2 William Tuttle 1916–17 5-0 J. J, tigert 1917–18 1-4 Jim Park 1918–19 2-0 Andy Gill 1919–20 0-3-1 Sarah Blanding 1920–21 1-7 Sarah Blanding 1921–22 2-4 Sarah Blanding 1922–23 7-3 A. B
23.
Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball
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The Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team represents the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee in NCAA womens basketball competition. The university considers either Lady Volunteers or Lady Vols acceptable, the Lady Vols have won at least a share of the SEC regular season championship 17 times, won 17 SEC tournament championships, made 18 Final Four appearances, and won 8 national championships. The Lady Vols were coached by Pat Summitt for over four decades, under Summitt, the Lady Vols won numerous SEC titles, appeared in 18 NCAA Final Fours and 4 AIAW Final Fours, and won 8 NCAA titles including an undefeated season. Additionally, Tennessee is the team to have appeared in all 36 NCAA Tournaments. Summitts teams are known for participating in a regular season schedule, often toughest in the nation. This tough schedule has caused Tennessee to build up rivalries with many prominent teams, including Texas, Stanford, Louisiana Tech, Old Dominion, like other Tennessee teams, the Lady Vols compete in the SEC, which has historically been the most dominant conference in the sport. Within the conference, Tennessees main rivals are LSU, Vanderbilt, Summitt has led Tennessee to 1000 victories, with an 84. 2% win rate. The numbers at home are even stronger, as Tennessee has won 91% of home games and 93. 1% of in-conference home games, Lady Vols basketball began at the beginning of the 20th century. However, most seasons consisted of three or four games, the sport was dropped in 1926 and was not picked up again until 1960. Coach Joan Cronan went 8–10 over two seasons before being replaced by Margaret Hutson, who coached for four years with a 60–18 record, in 1974, Pat Head was named the new coach. Head had previously played basketball for the UT-Martin Pacers, and had just graduated. In the 1974–1975 season, Pat Head took over a 25–2 Lady Vols team, in her opening season, the Lady Vols won the TCWSF Eastern District Championship for the third straight year. However, the team finished only 4th overall in the TCWSF, after finishing 16–11 her second season, Head directed two 20-win teams, winning back-to-back AIAW Region-II championships. 1978 included the Lady Vols defeating 3-time AIAW champion Delta State by 20,1978 saw the Lady Vols participate in their first AIAW Final Four, where they finished 3rd. Head also recorded her 100th win during this season, a 79–66 victory over NC State, Tennessee finished up the 1970s by winning the first ever SEC tournament, and returning to the Final Four, where they finished runner-up to Old Dominion, 68–53. During the 1980–1981 season, the Lady Vols went 25–6, the team made it to the AIAW Final Four for the third straight year, but wound up as runner-up for the second consecutive year, losing to Louisiana Tech, 79–59. The 1981–1982 season featured the first ever NCAA Womens basketball tournament, the Lady Vols were one of 32 teams invited and named a 2 seed in their region. In the region championship, the Lady Vols upset first seeded USC 91–90 in overtime to advance to the Final Four and they would lose their Final Four match-up with Louisiana Tech who ended up winning the tournament
24.
Villanova University
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Villanova University is a private research university located in Radnor Township, a suburb northwest of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, within the Archdiocese of Philadelphia in the United States. Named after Saint Thomas of Villanova, the school is the oldest Catholic university in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, U. S. News & World Report ranks Villanova as tied for the 50th best National University in the U. S. for 2017. The university is a member of the Augustinian Secondary Education Association, in October 1841, two Augustinian friars from Saint Augustines Church in Philadelphia purchased the 200-acre Belle Air estate in Radnor Township with the intention of starting a school. The school, which was called the Augustinian College of Vilanova, however, the Philadelphia Nativist Riots of 1844 that burned Saint Augustines Church in Philadelphia caused financial difficulties for the Augustinians, and the college was closed in February 1845. The college reopened in 1846 and graduated its first class in 1847, in March 1848, the governor of Pennsylvania incorporated the school and gave it the power to grant degrees. In 1859, the first masters degree was conferred on a student, in 1857, the school closed again as the demand for priests in Philadelphia prevented adequate staffing, and the crisis of the Panic of 1857 strained the school financially. The school remained closed throughout the Civil War and reopened in September 1865 and its prep department later moved to Malvern, a town along the Main Line, and is still run by the order. The School of Technology was established in 1905, in 1915, a two-year pre-medical program was established to help students meet medical schools new requirements. This led to a four-year pre-medical program, the B. S. in biology, Villanova was all-male until 1918, when the college began evening classes to educate nuns to teach in parochial schools. In 1938, a laywoman received a Villanova degree for the first time and it was not until the nursing school opened in 1953 that women permanently began attending Villanova full-time. In 1958, the College of Engineering admitted its first female student, Villanova University became fully coeducational in 1968. During World War II, Villanova was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission, after World War II, Villanova expanded, returning veterans swelling enrollments and the faculty growing fourfold. Additional facilities were built, and in 1953, the College of Nursing, Villanova achieved university status on November 18,1953. Between 1954 and 1963,10 new buildings were built or bought on land adjacent to the campus, including Bartley, Mendel, during the 1970s and 1980s, Villanova worked to become a nationally recognized university. The quality of faculty and students improved dramatically and international studies programs were introduced, additional residential and recreational facilities were constructed, and efforts to increase the endowment were undertaken. In the 1980s, endowed chairs were established in theology, philosophy, engineering, and business, scholarship funding was increased, and the curriculum expanded and improved. An extensive building campaign created facilities for the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Engineering, Commerce, and Finance, as well as student residences on the south, in 1985, the school also won the Mens NCAA basketball tournament, giving the school increased national exposure. Augustine High School in San Diego, which was established in 1922 with teaching staff dispatched from Villanova, Villanova University sits on 254 acres just 12 miles from Center City Philadelphia
25.
San Jose Barracuda
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The San Jose Barracuda are a professional ice hockey team in the American Hockey League which began play in the 2015–16 season. Affiliated with the National Hockey Leagues San Jose Sharks, the Barracuda share the SAP Center with its parent club, the Barracuda are a relocation of the former Worcester Sharks AHL franchise, joining several other AHL franchises to form a new AHL Pacific Division. The team will play at the SAP Center at San Jose, neither the Sharks nor Barracuda would comment, however, they stated that an official announcement would come later in the week. The name and logo were confirmed the day in a joint press release. Friday October 9,2015 marked the first official game in Barracuda history and they took on the Rockford IceHogs at home, coming up on the losing end of a 4-2 score. Micheal Haley scored the first ever goal while on a power play in the first period. The Barracuda picked up the first win in history while visiting the Stockton Heat on October 15,2015 by a score of 4-1. On February 10,2016, head coach Roy Sommer broke the record for most wins as an AHL coach, the Barracuda finished the season 31-26-8-3. Their.527 winning percentage meant that they were matched up against the Ontario Reign during the Pacific Division semifinals. After splitting the first two games of the series, the Barracuda came out on the losing end of game three by a 3-1 score, and also lost game four by a score of 4-1 to end their season. Bryan Lerg and Nikolay Goldobin led the team in goals with 21, goaltender Aaron Dell played a team high 40 games in net for the Barracuda, while winning 17 of them. The teams average attendance of 4,412 placed them 24th of 30 in the AHL
26.
Ice hockey
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Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
27.
Arena football
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Arena football is a variety of indoor gridiron football played by the Arena Football League and China Arena Football League. It used to be a game but the patent expired in 2007. The game is played indoors on a field than American or Canadian outdoor football, resulting in a faster. The sport was invented in 1981, and patented in 1987, by James F. Foster, Jr. a former executive of the National Football League and the United States Football League. Though not the only variant of indoor American football, it is the most widely known, and the one on which most other forms of modern indoor football are at least partially based. As a key part of plan, while residing in the Chicago area, he tested the game concept through several closed door practice sessions in late 1985. After fine tuning the rules, he secured additional operating capital to play several test games in the MetroCentre in April 1986. On June 19,1987, the Pittsburgh Gladiators hosted the Washington Commandos in the first league game after a training camp for all four charter teams in Wheaton. AFL football operations and training was overseen by veteran college and pro head coach, Mouse Davis, the other two 1987 teams were the Chicago Bruisers and the Denver Dynamite. As the AFL grew into a league with close to 20 teams, it defined itself as a major market pro sports product. The growth and establishment of the AFL as a major market league spawned a developmental league that Foster also helped co-found, a minor league called Arena Football 2, in 2000. The league was set up to operate in medium size markets around the U. S. where it has enjoyed growth under the guidance of af2 President, other people have started their own indoor football minor leagues. Arena football is played indoors, in arenas usually designed for either basketball or ice hockey teams. The field is the width and length as a standard NHL hockey rink. The scrimmage area is 50 yards long, and each end zone is approximately eight yards deep, depending on the venue in which a game is being played, the end zones may be rectangular or, where necessary because of the building design, rounded. Each sideline has a heavily padded barrier, with the padding placed over the hockey dasher boards, the goalpost uprights are 9 feet wide, and the crossbar is 15 feet above the playing surface. Taut rebound nets on either side of the posts bounce any missed field goals back into the field of play, the ball is live when rebounding off these nets or their support apparatus. The entire goalframe and goalside rebound net system is suspended on cables from the rafters, the bottom of the two goalside rebound nets are 8 feet off the playing surface
28.
2013 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
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The 2013 NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament was a single-elimination tournament that involved 68 teams playing to determine the national champion of mens NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 19,2013, and concluded with the game on April 8,2013. This was the 75th edition of the NCAA Mens Basketball Championship, selection Sunday, when CBS announced the participants and tournament brackets, occurred on March 17,2013. By winning the West Region, Wichita State became the first #9 seed, the last #9 seed to reach the Final Four was Penn, and the last MVC team to do so was Indiana State, both in 1979. Louisville defeated Michigan in the game by a final score of 82-76. The tournament featured several notable upsets, the Eagles were given the #15 seed in the South Region and defeated Georgetown in the round of 64. They followed that up by defeating #7 seed San Diego State in the round of 32, Florida Gulf Coast was defeated in their next game by Florida. Florida Gulf Coasts run was not the only upset of the tournament, for the first time since 2010, a #14 seed won as Harvard defeated New Mexico in the West Region. The same region saw #13 La Salle, who won in the round, defeat #4 Kansas State. In addition to that, the top seed, Gonzaga, was defeated in the round of 32 by eventual region winner Wichita State. The Pac-12 saw two of its schools qualify as #12 seeds and both won, in the Midwest Region, Oregon advanced to the Sweet Sixteen by defeating #5 seed Oklahoma State and #4 Saint Louis. California, who was placed in the East Region, knocked off #5 UNLV before falling to eventual region winner Syracuse, by contrast #6 seed Pac-12 team UCLA was upset by #11 seed Minnesota in their opening round matchup. With their loss to Florida Gulf Coast, Georgetown has lost to a seed in their last five NCAA tournament appearances. A notable absence from the tournament was Connecticut, who won twenty games in 2012-13, two other teams also earned their first ever NCAA Tournament victory, Ivy League champion Harvard and Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference champion North Carolina A&T. Liberty became the first 20-loss team in five years to earn an NCAA bid, having finished its season with five wins to secure the Big South championship. For the first time since 1977, the 10-member basketball selection committee did not choose a single NCAA team from the state of Texas for the tournament, for the first time since 1994, no team from Utah was selected for the tournament. For the first time since the 1987 Final Four, the Final Four did not feature any of the 5 teams with the most Final Four appearances, UCLA, Duke, North Carolina, Kansas, or Kentucky. C. J. Louisville was selected as the top seed
29.
Southeastern Conference
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The Southeastern Conference is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the Southern part of the United States. Its fourteen members include the public universities of ten states. The conference is headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, the SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I in sports competitions, for football, it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision, formerly known as Division I-A. The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a game for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series. The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey, the conference sponsors team championships in nine mens sports and twelve womens sports. The SEC consists of 14 member institutions located within the borders of 11 contiguous states and these divisional groupings are applied exclusively to football and baseball as well as their scheduling and standings. The other charter members were, The University of the South left the SEC on December 13,1940 and it is currently a member of the Division III Southern Athletic Association. Georgia Institute of Technology left the SEC in 1964, in 1975, it became a founding member of the Metro Conference, one of the predecessors to todays Conference USA. Georgia Tech competed in the Metro Conference in all sports except football, in 1978, Georgia Tech joined another Southern Conference offshoot, the Atlantic Coast Conference, for all sports, where it has remained ever since. Tulane University left the SEC in 1966, along with Georgia Tech, it was a charter member of the Metro Conference. Unlike Tech, however, Tulane remained in the Metro Conference until it merged with the Great Midwest Conference in 1995 to form Conference USA, Tulane remained an independent in football until C-USA began football competition in 1996. Tulane left C-USA in 2014 for the American Athletic Conference, in 1990, the SEC expanded from ten to twelve member universities with the addition of the Arkansas Razorbacks and the South Carolina Gamecocks. The two new members began SEC competition with the 1991–1992 basketball season, at the same time, the SEC organized competition for some sports into two divisions. Initially, the format was used in football, baseball. The divisional format was dropped for mens basketball following the 2011–2012 season, the 1992 and 1993 championship games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, and all championship games from 1994 onward have been held at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. On November 6,2011 the SEC commissioner announced that the University of Missouri would also join the SEC on July 1,2012, for football, Texas A&M was scheduled to compete in the Western Division, and Missouri in the Eastern Division. Texas A&M and Missouri both left the Big 12 Conference, the office of Commissioner was created in 1940. Under the leadership of Michael F, the SECU rebranded its mission to better serve as a means through which the collaborative academic endeavors and achievements of Southeastern Conference universities would be promoted and advanced
30.
Vanderbilt University
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Vanderbilt University is a private research university founded in 1873 and located in Nashville, Tennessee. It was named in honor of shipping and rail magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt hoped that his gift and the greater work of the university would help to heal the sectional wounds inflicted by the Civil War. Today, Vanderbilt enrolls approximately 12,000 students from all 50 U. S. states and over 90 foreign countries in four undergraduate and six graduate, despite its urban surroundings, the campus itself is a national arboretum and features over 300 different species of trees and shrubs. Vanderbilt is ranked as one of the top universities for its teaching, research opportunities. It is ranked 15th on the list of best national universities generated by U. S. News & World Report, however, lack of funds and the ravaged state of the Reconstruction Era South delayed the opening of the college. Indeed, the McTyeires had met at St. Francis Street Methodist Church in Mobile, Cornelius Vanderbilt, who was the wealthiest man in the United States at the time, was considering philanthropy as he was at an advanced age. He had been planning to establish a university on Staten Island, New York, however, McTyeire convinced him to donate $500,000 to endow Central University in order to contribute to strengthening the ties which should exist between all sections of our common country. The endowment was increased to $1 million and would be only one of two philanthropic causes financially supported by Vanderbilt. Though he never expressed any desire that the university be named after himself, McTyeire, Vanderbilt died in 1877 without seeing the school named after him. One of the trustees, Hezekiah William Foote, was a Confederate veteran. The Treasurer of the Board of Trust from 1872 to 1875, Alexander Little Page Green, whose portrait hangs in Kirkland Hall, was a Methodist preacher and a former slave owner. His son-in-law, Robert A. Young, was a Methodist minister who served as the Financial Secretary on the Board of Trust from 1874 to 1882, retiring from the board in 1902. The first building, Main Building, later known as Kirkland Hall, was designed by William Crawford Smith, in the fall of 1875, about 200 students enrolled at Vanderbilt, and in October the university was dedicated. Bishop McTyeire was named Chairman of the Board of Trust for life by Vanderbilt as a stipulation of his endowment, McTyeire named Landon Garland, his mentor from Randolph-Macon College in Virginia and then-Chancellor of the University of Mississippi, as chancellor. Garland shaped the structure and hired the schools faculty, many of whom were renowned scholars in their respective fields. However, most of this faculty left after disputes with Bishop McTyeire, when the first fraternity chapter, Phi Delta Theta, was established on campus in 1876, it was shut down by the faculty, only to be reestablished as a secret society in 1877. Meanwhile, Old Gym, designed by Dutch-born architect Peter J. Williamson, was built in 1879–1880, by 1883, the Board of Trust passed a resolution allowing fraternities on campus, and more chapters were established in 1884. During the first 40 years, the Board of Trust, and therefore the university, was under the control of the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, conflicts escalated after James H. Kirkland was appointed chancellor in 1893
31.
Ohio Valley Conference
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The Ohio Valley Conference is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States. It participates in Division I of the NCAA, the football programs compete in the Football Championship Subdivision. The OVC has 12 members,9 of which compete in football in the conference, the plan was put on hold due to World War II, but it was resurrected after the conclusion of the war. In 1948, the three schools joined with Louisville, Morehead State, and Evansville to form the Ohio Valley Conference, historically, the OVC was a pioneer in racial desegregation with Morehead State signing the conferences first black athlete, Marshall Banks, in 1958. The rest of the OVC soon followed in Morehead States wake, all other HBCUs in NCAA Division I are members of either the MEAC or SWAC, conferences made up entirely of HBCUs. The OVC has also been a leader in advancement of sports opportunities for women, since 2009, the OVC has been led by Commissioner Beth DeBauche, one of only six female commissioners for the thirty-two Division I conferences. When the national debate on the problem reached its apex in the mid-1990s, principles of fair play, ethical conduct and respect for ones opponent. Since then, the OVC has also introduced individual, team, founded by six schools, the expansions of 2007 and 2011 have brought the Ohio Valley Conference membership to twelve schools, the most in its history. In its first two years, the network provided well over 600,000 viewings of streamed live video of more than 1400 events. Note Morehead States football team competes in the Pioneer Football League, Notes Notes Columbus State dropped rifle after the 2014–15 school year. Austin Peays football team left the OVC after the 1996 season to compete as an NCAA D-I FCS Independent, after four seasons as an Independent, the team joined the Pioneer Football League in 2001, and remained there through the 2005 season. Austin Peay then returned to football, spending the 2006 season as an Independent before re-entering OVC football competition in 2007. Starting with the 2012–13 school year, the member schools divided into two divisions for those sports in which all schools compete. In the 2014–15 season, womens sports with twelve teams returned to a 12 team ranking, the Ohio Valley Conference currently offers championship competition in eighteen NCAA sanctioned sports, eight for men, nine for women, and rifle for mens, womens, and coed teams. All competing OVC schools have coed teams, and Tennessee-Martin has both a womens and a coed team, womens varsity sports not sponsored by the Ohio Valley Conference which are played by OVC schools ‡ = Rodeo is sanctioned by the National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association, not the NCAA. While UT-Martin considers rodeo to be a varsity sport, Murray State operates their rodeo teams a club sport within the Hutson School of Agriculture, ¶ = Eastern Illinois is one of only 14 schools playing NCAA-sanctioned rugby. The NCAA currently classifies rugby as a sport for women. The NCAA has never governed mens rugby and this is a list of the champions since 2000
32.
WWE Backlash
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WWE Backlash is a professional wrestling pay-per-view event, that was produced every April by WWE, a professional wrestling promotion based in Connecticut. The event was created in 1999, with its inaugural event produced as an In Your House event in April of that year, the event in 2000 was rebranded as an annual PPV event for WWE. To coincide with the extension, the event was made exclusive to the Raw brand in 2004. In 2007, to follow the format of WrestleMania, all PPV events became tri-branded, extreme Rules replaced Backlash in 2010. Backlash was announced as returning as a SmackDown exclusive event in 2016, the 2017 event will return as a post-WrestleMania pay-per-view event for SmackDown brand in exchange for Raw event Payback. Backlash consists of an event and undercard which feature championship matches. The first Backlash was originally promoted as an In Your House event for World Wrestling Federation, the In Your House event was titled Backlash, In Your House. It took place on April 25,1999 and aired live on PPV, in 2002, WWF was court ordered to change their name, which resulted in the promotion changing its name to WWE. A couple of months before the change that year, WWE held a draft that split its roster into two distinctive brands of wrestling—Raw and SmackDown. and ECW in 2006. Before the draft, matches featured wrestlers from the roster without any limitations, after the draft, the first Backlash event to be produced under the WWE banner and with roster limitations was Backlash, which took place on April 27,2003. Following the second extension in July 2016, WWE announced the return of Backlash as a SmackDown brand event to be held on September 11,2016. Each Backlash event has held in an indoor arena, with twelve events taking place in the United States. The inaugural event took place on April 25,1999 at the Providence Civic Center in Providence, eight professional wrestling matches were scheduled on the card as well as four matches on Sunday Night Heat before the show aired live. Backlash, In Your House was the twenty eighth and final event to be produced under the In Your House chronology, the event had an attendance of 10,939. The main event scheduled on the card was a No Disqualification Special Guest Referee match for the WWF Championship, the match featured Steve Austin defeating The Rock to retain his championship with guest referee as Shane McMahon. The second Backlash event was held on April 30,2000 at the MCI Center in Washington, nine professional wrestling matches were scheduled on the card. The event had an attendance of 19,101, the main event was a Special Guest Referee match for the WWF Championship. The match was between reigning champion, Triple H, and challenger The Rock with guest referee Shane McMahon, the Rock defeated Triple H to win the championship
33.
Backlash (2006)
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Backlash was a professional wrestling pay-per-view event produced by World Wrestling Entertainment, which took place on April 30,2006, at the Rupp Arena in Lexington, Kentucky. It was the event under the Backlash name and featured wrestlers. Seven professional wrestling matches were scheduled on the card, which saw three main matches. The first of these events was a Triple Threat match for the WWE Championship. The second main event was Shawn Michaels and God versus Vince and Shane McMahon in a No Holds Barred match, which was won by the McMahons. The third main event was a Title vs. Briefcase match that pitted Mr. Money in the Bank Rob Van Dam against Intercontinental Champion Shelton Benjamin, Van Dam defeated Benjamin, thus retaining his Money in the Bank briefcase and winning the Intercontinental Championship. The event received 273,000 pay-per-view buys, which was more than the years event received. This contributed to WWEs pay-per-view revenue increasing by $4.3 million from the previous year, when the event was released on DVD, it peaked at second on Billboards DVD sales chart for recreational sports. Backlash featured professional wrestling matches involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds, plots. Wrestlers portrayed a villain or a hero as they followed a series of events that built tension, all wrestlers were from World Wrestling Entertainment s Raw brand—a storyline division in which WWE employees are assigned to a television program of the same name. Triple H lost the Royal Rumble match, but won the 2006 Road to WrestleMania Tournament to face John Cena for the WWE Championship at WrestleMania, Cena defeated Triple H at WrestleMania to retain the title after forcing him to submit to the STFU. However, Cena won back the title at the Royal Rumble, Edge claimed that it was time for a new opponent for the WWE Championship, after stating that at WrestleMania, Triple H didnt win the title against Cena. All three men had a series of Handicap matches, with Triple H pinning Cena after a pedigree, Cena forcing Edge to submit to the STFU and it was then announced that Cena would defend the WWE Championship in a Triple Threat match against Triple H and Edge at Backlash. Another rivalry heading into the event was Vince McMahon and Shane McMahon versus Shawn Michaels, at the event, Michaels applied Harts own finisher, the Sharpshooter, and McMahon called for the bell, in an event known as the Montreal Screwjob. Michaels interrupted McMahon and told him to let it go and move on from the events of Survivor Series, in reply McMahon told Michaels that he indeed screwed Bret Hart and added, Shawn, do not make me screw you. At the Royal Rumble, Shane McMahon made an appearance when he eliminated Michaels from the Rumble match. McMahon informed Michaels that he would face his son Shane on the March 18,2006, McMahon ordered Shane to apply the Sharpshooter on Michaels, and, after he executed the submission move, McMahon called for the bell, similar to the 1997 Survivor Series match. Mr. McMahon booked himself and Michaels in a No Holds Barred match at WrestleMania 22, at WrestleMania, the Spirit Squad and Shane McMahon interfered on McMahons behalf, but Michaels defeated Vince McMahon after he performed Sweet Chin Music and captured the pinfall victory
34.
University of Kentucky
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The University of Kentucky is a public co-educational university in Lexington, Kentucky. S. The institution comprises 16 colleges, a school,93 undergraduate programs,99 master programs,66 doctoral programs. The University of Kentucky has fifteen libraries on campus, young Library, a federal depository, hosting subjects related to social sciences, humanities, and life sciences collections. In recent years, the university has focused expenditures increasingly on research, the directive mandated that the university become a Top 20 public research institution, in terms of an overall ranking to be determined by the university itself, by the year 2020. Courses were offered at Ashland, The Henry Clay Estate, three years later, James Kennedy Patterson became the first president of the land-grant university and the first degree was awarded. In 1876, the university began to offer degree programs. Two years later, A&M separated from Kentucky University, which is now Transylvania University, for the new school, Lexington donated a 52-acre park and fair ground, which became the core of UKs present campus. A&M was initially a male-only institution, but began to admit women in 1880, in 1892, the official colors of the university, royal blue and white, were adopted. An earlier color set, blue and light yellow, was adopted earlier at a Kentucky-Centre College football game on December 19,1891, the particular hue of blue was determined from a necktie, which was used to demonstrate the color of royal blue. On February 15,1882, Administration Building was the first building of three completed on the present campus, three years later, the college formed the Agricultural Experiment Station, which researches issues relating to agribusiness, food processing, nutrition, water and soil resources and the environment. This was followed up by the creation of the universitys Agricultural Extension Service in 1910, the extension service became a model of the federally mandated programs that were required beginning in 1914. Patterson Hall, the schools first womens dormitory, was constructed in 1904, residents had to cross a swampy depression, where the Student Center now stands, to reach central campus. Four years later, the name was changed to the State University, Lexington, Kentucky upon reaching university status. The university led to the creation of the College of Home Economics in 1916, the College of Commerce was established in 1925, known today as the Gatton College of Business and Economics. In 1929, Memorial Hall was completed, dedicated to the 2,756 Kentuckians who died in World War I and this was followed up by the new King Library, which opened in 1931 and was named for a long-time library director, Margaret I. The universitys graduate and professional programs became racially integrated in 1949 when Lyman T. Johnson, African Americans would not be allowed to attend as undergraduates until 1954, following the US Supreme Courts Brown v. Board of Education decision. In 1939, Governor Happy Chandler appointed the first woman trustee on the University of Kentucky Board of Trustees and she served from 1939 to 1960. In 1962, Blazer Hall was opened as the Georgia M Blazer Hall for Women in tribute to her years of service as a University of Kentucky trustee
35.
Memorial Coliseum (University of Kentucky)
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Memorial Coliseum is a 10, 000-seat multi-purpose arena in Lexington, Kentucky. The facility, which opened in 1950, is home to three teams at the University of Kentucky—basketball, volleyball, and gymnastics. Before Rupp Arena opened in 1976, it housed the mens basketball team. Memorial Coliseum also housed the universitys swimming and diving team prior to the 1989 completion of the Lancaster Aquatics Center, the facility was built as a memorial to Kentuckians who had died in World War I, World War II and the Korean War. Later, the names of all Kentuckians who died in the Vietnam War were added, originally, it had an official capacity of 12,000, making it the largest arena in the South at the time. However, the Coliseum frequently drew crowds of over 13,000 for many UK basketball games, the seating is now mostly located on the sidelines, and the mens NCAA basketball championship banners still hang on the walls. The building is known for its air of great tradition, while it was the home of the UK mens basketball team, it hosted the NCAA Mens Basketball Tournament ten times, four times as a regional site and six more as a sub-regional site. Overall, in 26 seasons, the University of Kentucky Wildcats mens basketball team posted a record of 307–38. Memorial hosted a game in the 2009 National Invitation Tournament on March 17,2009 between the Wildcats and the UNLV Running Rebels, with the Wildcats winning 70–60. The game was held at Memorial instead of Rupp Arena due to a conflict with the KHSAA boys high school basketball state tournament scheduled at Rupp that week. The Coliseum was also the home of the Kentucky Boys Sweet Sixteen State Basketball Tournament from 1951 to 1964, since then, it has hosted numerous high school basketball tournaments over the years. The Coliseum stands across the street from the site of Stoll Field/McLean Stadium. Prior to the building of the Coliseum, the Kentucky basketball teams played at Alumni Gymnasium, a 2, 800-seat arena built in 1924 and still standing just down the street
36.
University of Tennessee
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The University of Tennessee is a public sun- and land-grant university in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It hosts almost 28,000 students from all 50 states, in its 2017 universities ranking, U. S. News & World Report ranked UT 103rd among all national universities and 46th among public institutions of higher learning. Seven alumni have been selected as Rhodes Scholars, James M. Buchanan,41, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Economics. Also affiliated with the university are the Howard H. Baker, the university is a direct partner of the University of Tennessee Medical Center, which is one of two Level I trauma centers in East Tennessee. UT is one of the oldest public universities in the United States, when Samuel Carrick, its first president and only faculty member, died in 1809, the school was temporarily closed until 1820. When it reopened, it began experiencing growing pains, thomas Jefferson had previously recommended that the college leave its confining single building in the city and relocate to a place it could spread out. Ironically, in the Summer of 1826, the trustees explored Barbara Hill as a potential site, in 1840, the college was elevated to East Tennessee University. Tennessee was a member of the Confederacy in 1862 when the Morrill Act was passed, on February 28,1867, Congress passed a special Act making the State of Tennessee eligible to participate in the Morrill Act of 1862 program. In January 1869, ETU was designated as Tennessees recipient of the Land-Grant designation, in accepting the funds, the university would focus upon instructing students in military, agricultural, and mechanical subjects. ETU eventually received $396,000 as its endowment under the program, Trustees soon approved the establishment of a medical program under the auspices of the Nashville School of Medicine and added advanced degree programs. East Tennessee University was renamed the University of Tennessee in 1879 by the state legislature, during World War II, UT was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. The campus is headed by a Chancellor who functions as the executive officer of the campus, responsible for its daily administration. The chancellor reports to the president of the university system and is elected annually by the UT Board of Trustees at the recommendation of the system president, jimmy Cheek has been Chancellor of the Knoxville campus since February 1,2009. Joseph A. DiPietro has been president since January 1,2011. Provost and Senior Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs Susan D. Martin is responsible for the administration of the Knoxville campus. On December 15,2016 the UT Board of Trustees confirmed Dr. Beverly J. Davenport as the next Chancellor of the Knoxville campus and she will begin her role on February 15,2017. Campus policing and security is provided by the University of Tennessee Police Department.4 percent from 2000 to 2009, many doctors and nurses at UTMC have integrated careers as teachers and healthcare professionals, and the center promotes itself as the areas only academic, or teaching hospital. The new UT Medical Center Heart Hospital received its first patient on April 27,2010, in Fall 2016, the university enrolled 21,863 undergraduate and 5,982 graduate and professional students, 50% of students are female, 50% are male
37.
Drexel Dragons
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The Drexel Dragons are the athletic teams of Drexel University. The schools athletic program includes eighteen NCAA Division I sports including nine mens and nine womens teams, Drexels athletic department was ranked first in gender equity by U. S. News. The university has demonstrated a level of student-athlete academic performance. In addition to the DAC which is located inside the Main Campus, Drexel utilizes fields located at 43rd and Powelton Avenues, Drexels first intercollegiate event was a basketball game played against Temple University in January 1895, a game that Drexel won by a score of 26 to 1. The Dragons joined Division I in 1973, Drexel has received bids to four Division I NCAA Basketball Tournaments in 1986,1994,1995 and 1996. During the 1996 tournament, Malik Rose led the team to their second round NCAA appearance after an upset of fifth-seeded Memphis. Prior to this, Drexel had appeared in four Division II NCAA tournaments in 1957,1960,1966 and 1967, behind Colonial player of the year Gabriela Marginean, Drexel captured its first-ever CAA Basketball championship with a 64-58 victory against James Madison University. The win also marked the teams 16th straight since starting off the season with an 8 and 8 record, the Dragons received a number twelve seeding in the 2009 NCAA Womens Division I Basketball Tournament where they lost to Kansas State 68-44. The 2012-2013 Drexel Dragons finished third in the CAA with a 13-5 conference record and were invited to the Womens National Invitation Tournament. Drexels field hockey won the 2012 CAA Title for the first time in program history with a 2-1 overtime victory against Northeastern. In 2009, womens field hockey reached a number of program milestones, the team won the CAA regular season title, earned its first NCAA Tournament berth and picked up its first NCAA Tournament victory. The teams 19 victories broke their 2008 record of 16 wins, the Dragons defeated No.5 University of Connecticut, 3-2, in the first round of the NCAA Womens Field Hockey Championship. They reached the round of eight losing to No.1 ranked and undefeated University of Maryland. In 2008, Drexel was also ranked at 14th in the nation, Drexel trailed by three with five minutes to play in the fourth quarter, but rallied to force the overtime, earn the automatic NCAA bid and win their eighth straight game. In 2010, mens reached their highest ever ranking at number 7 in the nation, in 2008 the Dragons were ranked 15th and reached the Colonial Tournament finals before losing 10-9 in overtime to Hofstra. Drexels 1998 lacrosse squad finished the year with a school record of twelve wins against two defeats. The season included a 14 to 10 defeat of a top 20 team, Towson University, eleven straight wins to start the season and this win total has since been eclipsed by the 2008 lacrosse team which had 13 victories. In 72 seasons, Drexel has had 44 lacrosse All-Americans since beginning the sport in 1941, prior to 2014, Drexel had not appeared in the NCAA Division I Mens Lacrosse Championship, but the team did get an invitation to the 1972 and 1973 USILA small college tournament
38.
WWE SmackDown
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WWE SmackDown, also currently referred to as SmackDown Live or simply SmackDown, is a professional wrestling television program that debuted on August 26,1999. The shows name is used to refer to the SmackDown brand, in which WWE employees are assigned to work and perform on that program, currently the other brands are Raw. SmackDown is currently broadcast live on Tuesday nights on the USA Network, debuted in the United States on the UPN television network on April 29,1999, but after the merger of UPN and the WB, SmackDown. Began airing on The CW in September 2006, the show was moved to MyNetworkTV in October 2008, to Syfy on October 1,2010 and to USA Network on January 7,2016. It complements Raw as the second of WWEs two main weekly programs, for international broadcast listings, see below. The show celebrated its 15th anniversary on October 10,2014, the early set included an oval-shaped TitanTron entrance and stage which made it stand out from the Raw set with its rectangular Titantrons. Later productions gained the ability to move the Ovaltron either to the left or to the right of the stage, throughout the shows early existence, The Rock routinely called SmackDown. His show, in reference to the fact that the name was derived from one of his catchphrases, in August 2001, as part of celebrating SmackDown. s second anniversary, the show received a new logo and set. As a result of that incident, a new set debuted the week and it consisted of a fist centered above the entrance. In March 2002, WWE underwent the brand extension, a process in which WWE divided itself into two branches with separate rosters, storylines and authority figures, the two divisions, hosted by and named after Raw and SmackDown. The split resulted from WWE purchasing its two biggest competitors, World Championship Wrestling and Extreme Championship Wrestling, and the subsequent doubling of its roster, Michael Cole was joined in commentary by Tazz on April 4,2002 until June 9,2006. Cole and Tazz also appeared as the commentators on February 22,2001 through June 28,2001, wrestlers began to wrestle exclusively for their specific show. At the time, this excluded the WWE Undisputed Championship and Womens Championship, in August 2002, then WWE Undisputed Champion, Brock Lesnar, refused to defend the title on Raw, in effect causing his title to become exclusive to SmackDown. Following this, the Womens Championship soon became a Raw exclusive as well, as a result of the brand extension, an annual draft was instituted to exchange members of each roster and generally refresh the lineups. SmackDown was the brand for many top WWE stars including Eddie Guerrero, The Undertaker, Kurt Angle, Big Show. Guerrero would go on to become the WWE Champion as part of the show, thus becoming the feature of SmackDown throughout 2004. The biggest star of the decade, John Cena, started his WWE career on this show. He won his first WWE Championship during his tenure on the brand, on June 6,2005, then WWE Champion John Cena switched brands from SmackDown. to Raw as part of the month-long draft lottery
39.
WWE Superstars
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WWE Superstars, or simply Superstars, was a professional wrestling television program produced by WWE that originally aired on WGN America in the United States and later broadcast on the WWE Network. It debuted on April 16,2009 and ended its broadcasting on April 7,2011. After the final domestic TV broadcast, the moved to an internet broadcast format while maintaining a traditional television broadcast in international markets. The show featured mid-to-low card WWE superstars in a similar to the former shows Heat. Enhancement talent bouts also happened often, big names such as John Cena, Randy Orton and Triple H appeared on the show at its beginning. On December 19,2008, WWE and WGN America announced an agreement to create a new weekly, at the beginning, the show featured stars from all the WWE brands. In early 2009, WGN put out a press release hyping the revived series, Superstars aired Thursday nights at 8, 00PM Eastern/7, 00PM Central. A replay aired at noon on Sunday on WGN America, until early 2010 the replay also aired on WGN-TV. However, it was removed, hence eliminating distribution of the show from the Canadian fanbase, Superstars had its debut show on April 16,2009. On March 17,2011, WGN America announced that they would not renew their domestic broadcasts rights to WWE Superstars, online reports stated that the network did not renew the series because it didnt live up to its expectations. WWE. com aired the show from April 14 to September 22,2011, the show continued to be produced for international broadcasting until November 25,2016. On November 28,2016, it was announced that Superstars had been canceled by WWE, WWE Main Event would serve as the complementary show featuring Raw and SmackDown talents. Past episodes of WWE Superstars were viewable on the streaming website Hulu Plus and WWE Network along with episodes of SmackDown. The last theme song for WWE Superstars was New Day Coming by CFO$ featuring Todd Clark, the final commentators were Tom Phillips and Corey Graves, and JoJo was the last ring announcer. Matches featured on Superstars were taped earlier in the week, during the Raw events on Monday nights, the program aired on Thursdays until January 2015 when SmackDown moved to same night. Superstars was then moved to Fridays on WWE Network, with its first Friday night airing on January 16, in addition to being broadcast in the United States on WWE Network, WWE Superstars was also broadcast internationally. List of former WWE television programming Official website WWE Superstars on Facebook WWE Superstars show on YouTube WWE Superstars at the Internet Movie Database WWE Superstars at TV. com
40.
Eastern Michigan University
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Eastern Michigan University is a comprehensive, co-educational public university located in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Ypsilanti is 35 miles west of Detroit and eight miles east of Ann Arbor, the university was founded in 1849 as Michigan State Normal School. Today, the university is governed by an eight-member Board of Regents whose members are appointed by the Governor of Michigan for eight-year terms, the school belongs to the Mid-American Conference and is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. Since 1991 EMU athletics has gone by the name Eagles, then in 1994, Swoop was officially adopted by the university as the schools mascot. The universitys site is composed of an academic and athletic campus spread across 800 acres, EMU has a total enrollment of more than 23,000 students. The university was founded in 1849 and opened its doors in 1853 as Michigan State Normal School, Michigan State Normal School was the first in Michigan and the first normal school created outside the original 13 colonies. One hundred and twenty-two students started classes March 29,1853, adonijah Welch served as Michigan State Normal Schools first principal. Michigan created an educational system modeled on that of Germany. The normal schools were to train teachers for schools, which were being established rapidly in new towns in the state. In 1899, the became the Michigan State Normal College when it created the first four-year curriculum for a normal college in the nation. Normal began the 20th century as Michigans premier teacher-preparatory school and had become the first teacher-training school in the United States to have a degree program. Just like many universities during World War I, the Great Depression and World War II. With the additions of departments and the large educational enrollment after WWII, in 1959 the school became a university gaining the title Eastern Michigan University after establishing the Graduate School. In the early 1970s, international student exchange schemes were organised, in 2005, the Honors Program became the Eastern Michigan University Honors College. More recently, extended programs were added such as Continuing Education, the Centers for Corporate Training, today the universitys total student population averages about 23,000, of whom roughly 5,000 are graduate students. Most programs are undergraduate or masters level, although the university has programs in Educational Leadership, Technology. EMU former-President Susan W. Martin, Ph. D, other institutions of higher education established by law having authority to grant baccalaureate degrees shall each be governed by a board of control which shall be a body corporate. The board shall have general supervision of the institution and the control and it shall, as often as necessary, elect a president of the institution under its supervision
41.
Paul McCartney
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Sir James Paul McCartney, MBE is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer. With John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, he gained fame with the rock band the Beatles, largely considered the most popular. His songwriting partnership with Lennon is the most celebrated of the post-war era, after the bands break-up, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine. McCartney has been recognised as one of the most successful composers and performers of all time, More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song Yesterday, more than any other copyrighted song in history. Wings 1977 release Mull of Kintyre is one of the all-time best-selling singles in the UK.5 million RIAA-certified units in the United States. McCartney, Lennon, Harrison and Starr all received The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire in 1965, McCartney has released an extensive catalogue of songs as a solo artist and has composed classical and electronic music. He has taken part in projects to promote international charities related to subjects as animal rights, seal hunting, land mines, vegetarianism, poverty. He has married three times and is the father of five children, James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 in Walton Hospital, Liverpool, England, where his mother, Mary Patricia, had qualified to practise as a nurse. His father, James McCartney, was absent from his sons birth due to his work as a firefighter during World War II. Paul has one brother, Michael. Though the children were baptised in their mothers Catholic faith, their father was a former Protestant turned agnostic, McCartney attended Stockton Wood Road Primary School in Speke from 1947 until 1949, when he transferred to Joseph Williams Junior School in Belle Vale because of overcrowding at Stockton. In 1953, with three others out of ninety examinees, he passed the 11-Plus exam, meaning he could attend the Liverpool Institute. In 1954, he met schoolmate George Harrison on the bus from his home in Speke. The two quickly became friends, McCartney later admitted, I tended to talk down to him because he was a year younger. McCartneys mother Mary was a midwife and the primary wage earner, her earnings enabled them to move into 20 Forthlin Road in Allerton. She rode a bicycle to her patients, McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at about three in the morning streets, on 31 October 1956, when McCartney was fourteen, his mother died of an embolism. McCartneys loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, McCartneys father was a trumpet player and pianist, who had led Jim Macs Jazz Band in the 1920s. He kept a piano in the front room, encouraged his sons to be musical and advised Paul to take piano lessons
42.
George Strait
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George Harvey Strait is an American country music singer, songwriter, actor, and music producer. He is known as the King of Country and is considered one of the most influential, Straits success began when his first single Unwound was a hit in 1981. During the 1980s, seven of his albums reached number one on the country charts. In the 2000s, Strait was named Artist of the Decade by the Academy of Country Music, was elected into the Country Music Hall of Fame, and won his first Grammy award for the album Troubadour. Strait was named CMA Entertainer of the Year in 1989,1990 and 2013 and he has been nominated for more CMA and ACM awards and has more wins in both categories than any other artist. In 2009, he broke Conway Twittys previous record for the most number-one hits on Billboards Hot Country Songs chart when his 45 number one singles surpassed Twittys 40, Strait is also known for his touring career when he designed a 360- degree configuration and introduced festival style tours. For example, the Strait Tours earned $99 million in three years and his concert at AT&T Stadium in Arlington, TX in June 2014 drew 104,793 people, marking a new record for largest indoor concert in North America. Strait was successful innovating country music and in aspects of being a part of popular music. Strait has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the music artists of all time. His certifications from the RIAA include 13 multi-platinum,33 platinum and his best-selling album is Pure Country, which sold 6 million. His highest certified album is Strait Out of the Box, which sold 2 million copies, according to the RIAA, Strait is the 12th best-selling album recording artist in the United States overall. George Harvey Strait was born on May 18,1952, in Poteet, Texas, to John Byron Strait, Sr. and Doris Jean Couser. He grew up in nearby Pearsall, in Frio County, where his father was a high school mathematics teacher. The family worked at the ranch on the weekends and in the summers, when George was in the fourth grade, his father and mother were divorced, and his mother moved away with his sister, Pency. George and his brother John, Jr. or Buddy, were raised by their father, Strait began his musical interest while attending Pearsall High School, where he played in a rock and roll garage band. The Beatles were popular when Strait was in high school, the Beatles were big, Strait confirmed. I listened to them a lot and that bunch of groups that were popular then. His musical preference soon turned to country with singers Hank Thompson, Lefty Frizzell, Merle Haggard, George Jones, Bob Wills, Hank Williams, Strait did not tune to the country music radio often as a youth, usually listening to the news and the farmers report
43.
Billy Joel
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William Martin Billy Joel is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. Since releasing his first hit song, Piano Man, in 1973, Joel has become the sixth best-selling recording artist and his compilation album Greatest Hits Vol.1 &2 is one of the best-selling albums in the US. Joel had Top 40 hits in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, achieving 33 Top 40 hits in the US and he is also a six-time Grammy Award winner who has been nominated for 23 Grammy Awards. He has sold more than 150 million records worldwide, making him one of the artists of all time. Joel was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in 2001, Joel received the Johnny Mercer Award from the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2013, Joel received the Kennedy Center Honors, the nations highest honor for influencing American culture through the arts, with the exception of the 2007 songs All My Life and Christmas in Fallujah, Joel stopped writing and releasing pop/rock material after 1993s River of Dreams. However, he continues to tour, and he plays songs from all eras of his solo career. William Martin Joel was born in the Bronx on May 9,1949, in 1963, when ZIP codes were assigned, the section of Levittown in Oyster Bay was given a Hicksville, New York ZIP code and has since been part of Hicksville. Joels father, Howard Joel, a classical pianist, was born in Germany, to a Jewish family, Howard immigrated to Switzerland and later to the US to escape the Nazi regime. Joels mother, Rosalind, was born in England to Jewish parents, Philip, Rosalind and Howard Joel divorced in 1957. Howard Joel moved to Vienna, Austria, Billy Joel has a sister, Judith, and a half-brother, Alexander Joel, a classical conductor in Europe, who was the chief musical director of the Staatstheater Braunschweig from 2001 to 2014. He reluctantly began piano lessons at an age, at his mothers insistence, his teachers including the noted American pianist Morton Estrin. As a teenager, Joel took up boxing so he could defend himself and he boxed successfully on the amateur Golden Gloves circuit for a short time, winning 22 bouts, but abandoned the sport shortly after his nose was broken in his 24th boxing match. Joel attended Hicksville High School until 1967, but he did not graduate with his class, though Joel was a comparatively strong student, at the end of his senior year, he did not have enough credits to graduate. Rather than attend school to earn his diploma, Joel decided to begin a career in music, I told them. If Im not going to Columbia University, Im going to Columbia Records, Joel did eventually sign with Columbia. In 1992, he submitted essays to the board and was awarded his diploma at Hicksville Highs annual-graduation ceremony,25 years after leaving. After seeing The Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show, Joel decided to pursue a career in music, in an interview he said of the groups impact, That one performance changed my life … Up to that moment Id never considered playing rock as a career
44.
Guns N' Roses
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Guns N Roses is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles formed in 1985. The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler. The current lineup consists of Rose, Slash, McKagan, keyboardists Dizzy Reed and Melissa Reese, guitarist Richard Fortus, the success of the debut was followed by the eight-song album G N R Lies which reached number two on the Billboard 200. The cover album The Spaghetti Incident. was the bands last studio album to feature Slash and it debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 but undersold industry expectations, despite mostly positive critical reception. Former members Slash and McKagan both rejoined the band in 2016, embarking on the Not in This Lifetime, Guns N Roses has been credited with reviving the mainstream popularity of rock n roll, at a time when popular music was dominated by dance music and glam metal. The bands classic lineup, along with later members Reed and drummer Matt Sorum, was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012, in 1984, Hollywood Rose member Izzy Stradlin was living with L. A. Guns needed a new vocalist, Stradlin suggested Hollywood Rose singer Axl Rose, Guns N Roses was formed in March 1985 by Rose and rhythm guitarist Stradlin, along with lead guitarist Tracii Guns, bassist Ole Beich, and drummer Rob Gardner of L. A. Guns. The band coined its name by combining the names of both previous groups, rejected names for the band included Heads of Amazon and AIDS. After a short time, during which the band played two or three shows, Beich was fired and replaced by Duff McKagan. Tracii Guns left the band after an argument with Rose leading to his replacement by Rose and Stradlins one-time Hollywood Rose bandmate, Gardner quit soon after and was replaced by another former Hollywood Rose member, Steven Adler. Slash had also played with McKagan and Adler in Road Crew. In June 1985, four days after the lineup was finalized, through the bands increasing presence on the Hollywood club scene – playing famed bars such as The Troubadour and The Roxy – Guns N Roses drew the attention of major record labels. The group was signed by Geffen Records in March 1986, receiving a $75,000 advance. In December of that year, the released the four-song EP Live. *@ Like a Suicide. The EP contained covers of Rose Tattoos Nice Boys and Aerosmiths Mama Kin, although billed as a live recording, the four songs were taken from the bands demo tapes and overdubbed with crowd noise. Live. *@ Like a Suicide was released on the Geffen subsidiary Uzi Suicide, Guns N Roses debut album Appetite for Destruction was released July 21,1987. The band stated the artwork was a symbolic social statement. The revised cover was done by Andy Engell, based on a design by tattoo artist Bill White Jr. who had designed the artwork for a tattoo Rose had acquired the previous year, the artwork featured each of the five band members skulls layered on a cross
45.
Tim McGraw
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Samuel Timothy Tim McGraw is an American singer, songwriter and actor. He has been married to singer Faith Hill since 1996, and is the son of the baseball player Tug McGraw. McGraw has released fourteen studio albums,10 of those albums have reached number 1 on the Top Country Albums charts, with his 1994 breakthrough album Not a Moment Too Soon being the top country album of 1994. All of these albums have produced 65 singles,25 of which have reached number 1 on the Hot Country Songs or Country Airplay charts. Three of these singles — Its Your Love, Just to See You Smile, and Live Like You Were Dying — were the top songs of 1997,1998. He has also won three Grammy Awards,14 Academy of Country Music awards,11 Country Music Association awards,10 American Music Awards, and three Peoples Choice Awards. His Soul2Soul II Tour with Faith Hill is one of the highest grossing tours in music history. McGraw has ventured into acting, with supporting roles in The Blind Side, Friday Night Lights, The Kingdom, Tomorrowland, and Four Christmases and he was a minority owner of the Arena Football Leagues Nashville Kats. McGraw is of Italian and Irish descent on his mothers side, and of Scots-Irish, English, Scottish, Swiss, Dutch, Czech, and German descent on his fathers side. In 1966, Tug was a pitcher for the Jacksonville Suns, and he lived in an apartment above Betty DAgostino, the pair had a relationship, and when Betty became pregnant, her parents sent her to Louisiana to live with relatives and to have the baby. Raised by his mother in Start, also in Richland Parish, east of Monroe, McGraw grew up believing his stepfather, from the time of his mothers marriage until the time he met his biological father, his last name was Smith. At age 11, McGraw discovered his birth certificate while searching his mothers closet to look for Christmas presents, after his discovery, his mother revealed that his biological father was Tug McGraw, and took Tim to meet him for the first time. For seven years, Tug denied being Tims father, Tim was 18 years old when Tug first realized how much Tim looked like him at that age, and he acknowledged paternity. They remained close until Tugs death in 2004, as a child, McGraw loved to play competitive sports, including baseball, even though he did not know his biological father was a professional athlete. He was also a member of the FFA, a knee injury sustained while playing baseball prevented him from pursuing a career in sports and therefore, he decided to drop out of college and move to Nashville. During his college period, he learned to play guitar, and would perform and sing for tips. His mother, Betty, returned to Jacksonville, Florida in 1987 and he attended Florida Community College at Jacksonville for one term, and occasionally sat in with local bands. In 1989, on the day his hero Keith Whitley died, McGraw dropped out of college to head to Nashville, McGraw came to the attention of Curb Records in 1990
