1.
74th United States Congress
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It met in Washington, DC from January 3,1935 to January 3,1937, during the third and fourth years of Franklin Roosevelts presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fifteenth Census of the United States in 1930, both chambers had a Democratic supermajority. April 14,1935, Dust Bowl, The great dust storm hit eastern New Mexico, Colorado, may 27,1935, Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, the U. S. July 1,1935, Charles Watkins was appointed as the first officially recognized Parliamentarian, September 10,1935, Senator Huey Long of Louisiana died, as the result of being shot by an assassin on September 8. March 1,1936, Construction of Hoover Dam was completed, november 3,1936, General elections U. S. presidential election,1936, Franklin D. Roosevelt was reelected with 60. 8% of the vote over Alf Landon. United States House of Representatives elections,1936, Democrats gained twelve more net seats from the Republicans and this was the largest majority since Reconstruction. The last time a party won so decisively was in 1866, november 25,1936, Abraham Lincoln Brigade sailed from New York City on its way to the Spanish Civil War April 27,1935, Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, Sess. 85,49 Stat.163 July 5,1935, National Labor Relations Act,372,49 Stat.449 August 9,1935, Motor Carrier Act, Sess. 498,49 Stat.546 August 14,1935, Social Security Act, including Aid to Dependent Children, Old Age Pension Act, Pub. L. 531,49 Stat.620 August 23,1935, Banking Act of 193549 Stat.694 August 26,1935, Public Utility Act,687,49 Stat.803 August 30,1935, Revenue Act of 1935, Sess. 829,49 Stat.1014 August 31,1935, Neutrality Act of 1935,837,49 Stat.1081 February 29,1936, Neutrality Act of 1936, Sess. 106,49 Stat.1153 May 20,1936, Rural Electrification Act,432,49 Stat.1363 June 15,1936, Commodities Exchange Act, Sess. 545,49 Stat.1491 June 19,1936, Robinson Patman Act,592,49 Stat.1526 June 22,1936, Flood Control Act of 1936, Pub. L. 2, ch.688 June 29,1936, Merchant Marine Act,250,49 Stat.1985 June 30,1936, Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act, Sess. Bankhead, elected June 4,1936 Majority leader, William B, the names of members are preceded by their district numbers. The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress, official Congressional Directory for the 74th Congress, 1st Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 74th Congress, 1st Session, official Congressional Directory for the 74th Congress, 2nd Session. Official Congressional Directory for the 74th Congress, 2nd Session
2.
United States Statutes at Large
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Each act and resolution of Congress is called a slip law, which is classified as either public law or private law, and designated and numbered accordingly. At the end of a Congress session, slip laws are compiled into Statutes at Large and they are part of a three-part model for publication of federal statutes consisting of slip laws, session laws, and codification. Today, large portions of slip laws denominated as public laws are now drafted as amendments to the United States Code. Once enacted into law, an Act will be published in the Statutes at Large and will add to, modify, provisions of a public law that contains only enacting clauses, effective dates, and similar matters are not generally codified. Private laws also are not generally codified, some portions of the United States Code have been enacted as positive law and other portions have not been so enacted. Publication of the United States Statutes at Large began in 1845 by the firm of Little, Brown. During Little, Brown and Companys time as publisher, Richard Peters, George Minot, in 1874, Congress transferred the authority to publish the Statutes at Large to the Government Printing Office under the direction of the Secretary of State. 633, was enacted July 30,1947 and directed the Secretary of State to compile, edit, index,980, was enacted September 23,1950 and directed the Administrator of General Services to compile, edit, index, and publish the Statutes at Large. Since 1985 the Statutes at Large have been prepared and published by the Office of the Federal Register of the National Archives, sometimes very large or long Acts of Congress are published as their own volume of the Statutes at Large. For example, the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 was published as volume 68A of the Statutes at Large. Volumes 1 to 18 of the Statutes at Large made available by the Library of Congress Volumes 1 to 64 of the Statutes at Large made available by the Congressional Data Coalition via LEGISWORKS
3.
United States Code
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The Code of Laws of the United States of America is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes of the United States. It contains 52 titles, and a further three titles have been proposed, the main edition is published every six years by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives, and cumulative supplements are published annually. The official version of those laws not codified in the United States Code can be found in United States Statutes at Large, the official text of an Act of Congress is that of the enrolled bill presented to the President for his signature or disapproval. Upon enactment of a law, the bill is delivered to the Office of the Federal Register within the National Archives. After authorization from the OFR, copies are distributed as slip laws by the Government Printing Office, the Archivist assembles annual volumes of the enacted laws and publishes them as the United States Statutes at Large. By law, the text of the Statutes at Large is legal evidence of the laws enacted by Congress, slip laws are also competent evidence. The Statutes at Large, however, is not a convenient tool for legal research and it is arranged strictly in chronological order so that statutes addressing related topics may be scattered across many volumes. Statutes often repeal or amend laws, and extensive cross-referencing is required to determine what laws are in force at any given time. The United States Code is the result of an effort to make finding relevant and effective statutes simpler by reorganizing them by subject matter, the Code is maintained by the Office of the Law Revision Counsel of the U. S. House of Representatives. The LRC updates the Code accordingly, because of this codification approach, a single named statute may or may not appear in a single place in the Code. Often, complex legislation bundles a series of provisions together as a means of addressing a social or governmental problem, for example, an Act providing relief for family farms might affect items in Title 7, Title 26, and Title 43. When the Act is codified, its various provisions might well be placed in different parts of those various Titles, usually, the individual sections of a statute are incorporated into the Code exactly as enacted, however, sometimes editorial changes are made by the LRC. Though authorized by statute, these changes do not constitute positive law, the authority for the material in the United States Code comes from its enactment through the legislative process and not from its presentation in the Code. For example, the United States Code omitted 12 U. S. C. §92 for decades, apparently because it was thought to have been repealed. In its 1993 ruling in U. S. National Bank of Oregon v. Independent Insurance Agents of America, by law, those titles of the United States Code that have not been enacted into positive law are prima facie evidence of the law in effect. The United States Statutes at Large remains the ultimate authority, if a dispute arises as to the accuracy or completeness of the codification of an unenacted title, the courts will turn to the language in the United States Statutes at Large. This process makes that title of the United States Code legal evidence of the law in force, where a title has been enacted into positive law, a court may neither permit nor require proof of the underlying original Acts of Congress. The distinction between enacted and unenacted titles is largely academic because the Code is nearly always accurate, the United States Code is routinely cited by the Supreme Court and other federal courts without mentioning this theoretical caveat
4.
George W. Norris
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George William Norris was a U. S. politician from the state of Nebraska and a leader of progressive and liberal causes in Congress. Norris was defeated for reelection in 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt called him the very perfect, gentle knight of American progressive ideals, and this has been the theme of all of his biographers. A1957 advisory panel of 160 scholars recommended that Norris was the top choice for the five best Senators in U. S. history. Norris was born in 1861 in York Township, Sandusky County, Ohio and was the child of poor, uneducated, farmers of Scots-Irish. He graduated from Baldwin University and earned his LL. B. degree in 1883 at the law school of Valparaiso University and he moved to Beaver City, Nebraska to practice law. In 1889 he married Pluma Lashley, the couple had three daughters before her 1901 death, Norris then married Ellie Leonard in 1903, they had no children. Norris relocated to the town of McCook in 1900, where he became active in local politics. In 1902, running as a Republican, he was elected to the House of Representatives for Nebraskas 5th congressional district, a prominent insurgent after 1908, he led the revolt against Speaker Joseph G. Cannon in 1910. By a vote of 191 to 156, the House created a new system in which seniority would automatically move members ahead, in January 1911, he helped create the National Progressive Republican League and was its vice president. La Follette, Sr. for the 1912 presidential nomination but then switched to Roosevelt, however, he refused to bolt the convention and join Roosevelts Progressive Party. He instead ran for the Senate as a Republican, as a leading Progressive Republican, Norris supported the direct election of senators. He also promoted the conversion of all state legislatures to the unicameral system and this was implemented in 1934 only in the Nebraska Legislature, all other states have retained a two-house system. Norris supported some of President Woodrow Wilsons domestic programs but became a firm isolationist, in the face of enormous pressure from the media and the administration, Norris was one of only six senators to vote against the declaration of war on Germany in 1917. Looking at the war in Europe he said, Many instances of cruelty and inhumanity can be found on both sides, Norris believed that the government wanted to take part in this war only because the wealthy had already aided the British financially in the war. War brings prosperity to the gambler on Wall Street–to those who are already in possession of more wealth than can be realized or enjoyed. He joined the irreconcilables who vehemently opposed and defeated the Treaty of Versailles, seniority brought him the chairmanship of the Agriculture and Forestry and the Judiciary committees. Norris was a leader of the Farm Bloc, advocated the rights of labor, sponsored the Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution, and proposed to abolish the Electoral College. Norris twice succeeded in getting Congress to pass legislation for an electric power system based at Muscle Shoals
5.
Nebraska
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Nebraska /nᵻˈbræskə/ is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States. Its area is just over 77,220 sq mi with almost 1.9 million people and its largest city is Omaha, which is on the Missouri River. The state is crossed by many trails and was explored by the Lewis. Nebraska was admitted as the 37th state of the United States in 1867 and it is the only state in the United States whose legislature is unicameral and officially nonpartisan. Nebraska is composed of two major regions, the Dissected Till Plains and the Great Plains. The Dissected Till Plains is a region of rolling hills. The Great Plains occupy most of western Nebraska, characterized by treeless prairie, the state has a large agriculture sector and is a major producer of beef, pork, corn, and soybeans. Two major climatic zones are represented in Nebraska, the half of the state has a humid continental climate, and the western half. Indigenous peoples lived in the region of present-day Nebraska for thousands of years before European exploration. The historic tribes in the state included the Omaha, Missouria, Ponca, Pawnee, Otoe, when European exploration, trade, and settlement began, both Spain and France sought to control the region. In the 1690s, Spain established trade connections with the Apaches, by 1703, France had developed a regular trade with the native peoples along the Missouri River in Nebraska, and by 1719 had signed treaties with several of these peoples. After war broke out between the two countries, Spain dispatched an expedition to Nebraska under Lieutenant General Pedro de Villasur in 1720. The party was attacked and destroyed near present-day Columbus by a force of Pawnees and Otoes. The massacre of the Villasur expedition effectively put an end to Spanish exploration of Nebraska for the remainder of the 18th century, in 1762, during the Seven Years War, France ceded the Louisiana territory to Spain. Frances withdrawal from the area left Britain and Spain competing for dominance along the Mississippi, by 1773, later that year, Mackays party built a trading post, dubbed Fort Carlos IV, near present-day Homer. In 1819, the United States established Fort Atkinson as the first U. S. Army post west of the Missouri River, the army abandoned the fort in 1827 as migration moved further west. European-American settlement did not begin in any numbers until after 1848, on May 30,1854, the US Congress created the Kansas and the Nebraska territories, divided by the Parallel 40° North, under the Kansas–Nebraska Act. The Nebraska Territory included parts of the current states of Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, the territorial capital of Nebraska was Omaha
6.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd President of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. A Democrat, he won a record four presidential elections and emerged as a figure in world events during the mid-20th century. He directed the United States government during most of the Great Depression and he is often rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U. S. Presidents, along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. Roosevelt was born in 1882 to an old, prominent Dutch family from Dutchess County and he attended the elite educational institutions of Groton School, Harvard College, and Columbia Law School. At age 23 in 1905, he married Eleanor Roosevelt, and he entered politics in 1910, serving in the New York State Senate, and then as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson. In 1920, Roosevelt was presidential candidate James M. Coxs running mate and he was in office from 1929 to 1933 and served as a reform governor, promoting the enactment of programs to combat the depression besetting the United States at the time. In the 1932 presidential election, Roosevelt defeated incumbent Republican president Herbert Hoover in a landslide to win the presidency, Roosevelt took office while in the United States was in the midst of the worst economic crisis in its history. Energized by his victory over polio, FDR relied on his persistent optimism and activism to renew the national spirit. He created numerous programs to support the unemployed and farmers, and to labor union growth while more closely regulating business. His support for the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 added to his popularity, the economy improved rapidly from 1933–37, but then relapsed into a deep recession in 1937–38. The bipartisan Conservative Coalition that formed in 1937 prevented his packing the Supreme Court, when the war began and unemployment ended, conservatives in Congress repealed the two major relief programs, the WPA and CCC. However, they kept most of the regulations on business, along with several smaller programs, major surviving programs include the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Wagner Act, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Social Security. His goal was to make America the Arsenal of Democracy, which would supply munitions to the Allies, in March 1941, Roosevelt, with Congressional approval, provided Lend-Lease aid to Britain and China. He supervised the mobilization of the U. S. economy to support the war effort, as an active military leader, Roosevelt implemented a war strategy on two fronts that ended in the defeat of the Axis Powers and initiate the development of the worlds first atomic bomb. His work also influenced the creation of the United Nations. Roosevelts physical health declined during the war years, and he died 11 weeks into his fourth term. One of the oldest Dutch families in New York State, the Roosevelts distinguished themselves in other than politics. One ancestor, Isaac Roosevelt, had served with the New York militia during the American Revolution, Roosevelt attended events of the New York society Sons of the American Revolution, and joined the organization while he was president
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