1.
AFL-CIO
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The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations is a national trade union center and the largest federation of unions in the United States. It is made up of national and international unions, together representing more than 12 million active. The AFL–CIO engages in political spending and activism. The AFL–CIO was formed in 1955 when the AFL and the CIO merged after a long estrangement, membership in the union peaked in 1979, when the AFL–CIO had nearly twenty million members. From 1955 until 2005, the AFL–CIOs member unions represented nearly all unionized workers in the United States, several large unions split away from AFL–CIO and formed the rival Change to Win Federation in 2005, although a number of those unions have since re-affiliated. The largest union currently in the AFL–CIO is the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, the AFL–CIO is a federation of international labor unions. As a voluntary federation, the AFL–CIO has little authority over the affairs of its unions except in extremely limited cases. As of June 2014, the AFL–CIO had 56 member unions representing 12.5 million members, the AFL–CIO was a major component of the New Deal Coalition that dominated politics into the mid-1960s. In recent years the AFL–CIO has concentrated its efforts on lobbying in Washington and the state capitals. For example, in the 2010 midterm elections, it sent 28.6 million pieces of mail, in addition,100,000 volunteers went door-to-door to promote endorsed candidates to 13 million union voters in 32 states. The AFL–CIO gave $6,123,437 to super PACs in 2012, in June 2016, it was reported that the AFL–CIO planned to endorse Hillary Clinton in the 2016 U. S. presidential election. The AFL–CIO is governed by its members, who meet in a quadrennial convention, Each member union elects delegates, based on proportional representation. The AFL–CIOs state federations, central and local councils, constitutional departments. The delegates elect officers and vice presidents, debate and approve policy, Executive council The AFL–CIO has three executive officers, president, secretary-treasurer and executive vice president. Each officers term is four years, and elections occur at the quadrennial convention, current officers are Richard Trumka, Liz Shuler and Tefere Gebre. The AFL–CIO membership elects 43 vice presidents at each convention, who have a term of four years, the AFL–CIO constitution permits the president of the federation to appoint up to three additional vice presidents during the period when the convention is not in session. Annual meetings From 1951 to 1996, the Executive Council held its meeting in the resort town of Bal Harbour. The meeting at the Bal Harbour Sheraton has been the object of frequent criticism, citing image concerns, the council changed the meeting site to Los Angeles
2.
International Federation of Journalists
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The International Federation of Journalists is a global union federation of journalists trade unions—the largest in the world. The organization aims to protect and strengthen the rights and freedoms of journalists and it is also dedicated to working for solidarity, social justice, labor rights, globalization, democracy, human rights, and fighting poverty and corruption. First founded in Paris in 1926, the federation was relaunched twice in 1946, today, the IFJ represents around 600,000 members in more than 100 countries. The main office is located in Brussels, Belgium and its official languages are English, French, and Spanish The IFJ states that The IFJ is the organisation that speaks for journalists within /. / the international trade union movement. But it claims that they do not subscribe to any given political viewpoint, full membership is open to journalists trade unions only. Other national organisations of journalists that are devoted to media freedom may be admitted as associate members and it has regional offices in Africa, the Asia-Pacific Region, and Latin America. The IFJ was also a founder in 2003 of the media safety coalition the International News Safety Institute, the IFJ launched the Ethical Journalism Initiative in 2008, a global campaign to defend standards and to raise awareness of the importance of quality journalism. Furthering quality in journalism is also the aim of a study on media diversity conducted by the Media Diversity Institute in which the IFJ was involved, jim Boumelha, is member of the International Advisory Board of the African Press Organization. Since 1990, the IFJ has published a report which documents cases of journalists. It uses the information to campaign for safety for journalists, particularly local and freelance reporters. The annual reports are archived on the website, with the same aim, Reporters without Borders publishes a barometer of press freedom to draw attention to journalists, media assistants or netizens killed or imprisoned. The IFJ Safety Fund was established in January 1992 and has become recognised as an important. It is the international assistance fund for journalists established by journalists. The Safety Fund is an part of the IFJ Safety Programme which includes casework, protests, campaigns. As the Safety Fund provides immediate financial relief to a particular journalist, formally launched on World Press Freedom Day, the institute is dedicated to the safety of journalists and media staff and committed to fighting the persecution of journalists everywhere. It also promotes safety standards that will make journalism safer and more professional and this has always been strongly disputed by the IFJ. A representative of the NFIJ believes tension between Israeli journalists and the IFJ began during the Second Lebanon War, during the war the Israeli Defence Forces began a bombing compaign of Al-Manar, Hezbollahs state-run media. It was reported that the IFJ did not offer any condemnation after Israeli journalists were wounded by Hezbollah militants, Israel and the European Union considers Al-Manar to be a vehicle for Hezbollah propaganda and has since banned their programs from satellite
3.
Clyde Kusatsu
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Clyde Kusatsu is an American actor of Japanese descent. Kusatsu was born on September 13,1948 in Honolulu, Hawaii, Kusatsu began acting in Honolulu summer stock, and after studying theatre at Northwestern University, started to make his mark on the small screen in the mid-1970s. During this period Kusatsu also worked with the Asian American theatre group East West Players in Los Angeles, Kusatsu was subsequently a regular on several series, but neither the adventure Bring Em Back Alive nor the Hawaiian-set medical drama Island Son lasted very long. His many television movies have included the adaptation of Farewell to Manzanar. Other television films and mini-series have been And The Sea Will Tell, series All American Girl, the first Asian American family sitcom in the U. S. He also guest starred in episodes of the 1990s ABC situation comedy Family Matters as Principal Shimata. Feature roles, beginning with Midway, have generally been small and he appeared as a high school English teacher in American Pie. Other recent films have been Shopgirl as Mr. Agasa, and in Sydney Pollacks The Interpreter as Lee Wu and he played the recurring role of Dr. Dennis Okamura on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. Kusatsu starred in Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay as Mr. Lee and he is also one of the most recognizable actors in the TV and movie industry whenever an ethnic character is needed. He also appeared as three different characters on Magnum, P. I, Clyde Kusatsu at the Internet Movie Database Official website Clyde Kusatsu 2008 interview on Asiance Magazine online Clyde Kusatsu 2013 interview with BlankmanInc
4.
Los Angeles
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Los Angeles, officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L. A. is the cultural, financial, and commercial center of Southern California. With a census-estimated 2015 population of 3,971,883, it is the second-most populous city in the United States, Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated county in the United States. The citys inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos, historically home to the Chumash and Tongva, Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 along with the rest of what would become Alta California. The city was founded on September 4,1781, by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence, in 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4,1850, the discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, delivering water from Eastern California, nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is known for its Mediterranean climate, ethnic diversity, and sprawling metropolis. Los Angeles also has an economy in culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine. A global city, it has been ranked 6th in the Global Cities Index, the city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields, and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area has a gross metropolitan product of $831 billion, making it the third-largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. The city has hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984 and is bidding to host the 2024 Summer Olympics and thus become the second city after London to have hosted the Games three times. The Los Angeles area also hosted the 1994 FIFA mens World Cup final match as well as the 1999 FIFA womens World Cup final match, the mens event was watched on television by over 700 million people worldwide. The Los Angeles coastal area was first settled by the Tongva, a Gabrielino settlement in the area was called iyáangẚ, meaning poison oak place. Gaspar de Portolà and Franciscan missionary Juan Crespí, reached the present site of Los Angeles on August 2,1769, in 1771, Franciscan friar Junípero Serra directed the building of the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel, the first mission in the area. The Queen of the Angels is an honorific of the Virgin Mary, two-thirds of the settlers were mestizo or mulatto with a mixture of African, indigenous and European ancestry. The settlement remained a small town for decades, but by 1820. Today, the pueblo is commemorated in the district of Los Angeles Pueblo Plaza and Olvera Street. New Spain achieved its independence from the Spanish Empire in 1821, during Mexican rule, Governor Pío Pico made Los Angeles Alta Californias regional capital
5.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
6.
Trade union
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The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labour contracts with employers. The most common purpose of these associations or unions is maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment and this may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies. Unions may organize a section of skilled workers, a cross-section of workers from various trades. The agreements negotiated by a union are binding on the rank and file members, originating in Great Britain, trade unions became popular in many countries during the Industrial Revolution. Trade unions may be composed of workers, professionals, past workers, students. Trade union density, or the percentage of workers belonging to a union, is highest in the Nordic countries. The trade unions aim at nothing less than to prevent the reduction of wages below the level that is maintained in the various branches of industry. That is to say, they wish to prevent the price of labour-power from falling below its value, yet historian R. A. the other the aggressive-expansionist drive to unite all labouring men and women for a different order of things. The 18th century economist Adam Smith noted the imbalance in the rights of workers in regards to owners. In The Wealth of Nations, Book I, chapter 8, Smith wrote, We rarely hear, it has said, of the combination of masters. But whoever imagines, upon this account, that masters rarely combine, is as ignorant of the world as of the subject. Masters are always and everywhere in a sort of tacit, but constant and uniform combination, not to raise the wages of labor above their actual rate When workers combine, masters. As Smith noted, unions were illegal for many years in most countries, there were severe penalties for attempting to organize unions, up to and including execution. This pool of unskilled and semi-skilled labour spontaneously organized in fits and starts throughout its beginnings, Trade unions and collective bargaining were outlawed from no later than the middle of the 14th century when the Ordinance of Labourers was enacted in the Kingdom of England. In 1799, the Combination Act was passed, which banned trade unions, although the unions were subject to often severe repression until 1824, they were already widespread in cities such as London. Sympathy for the plight of the workers brought repeal of the acts in 1824, by the 1810s, the first labour organizations to bring together workers of divergent occupations were formed. Possibly the first such union was the General Union of Trades, also known as the Philanthropic Society, the latter name was to hide the organizations real purpose in a time when trade unions were still illegal. The Association quickly enrolled approximately 150 unions, consisting mostly of textile related unions, but also including mechanics, blacksmiths, and various others
7.
Film
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A film, also called a movie, motion picture, theatrical film or photoplay, is a series of still images which, when shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images due to the phi phenomenon. This optical illusion causes the audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects viewed rapidly in succession, the process of filmmaking is both an art and an industry. The word cinema, short for cinematography, is used to refer to the industry of films. Films were originally recorded onto plastic film through a photochemical process, the adoption of CGI-based special effects led to the use of digital intermediates. Most contemporary films are now fully digital through the process of production, distribution. Films recorded in a form traditionally included an analogous optical soundtrack. It runs along a portion of the film exclusively reserved for it and is not projected, Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them, Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating—or indoctrinating—citizens. The visual basis of film gives it a power of communication. Some films have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles to translate the dialog into the language of the viewer, some have criticized the film industrys glorification of violence and its potentially negative treatment of women. The individual images that make up a film are called frames, the perception of motion is due to a psychological effect called phi phenomenon. The name film originates from the fact that film has historically been the medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for a motion picture, including picture, picture show, moving picture, photoplay. The most common term in the United States is movie, while in Europe film is preferred. Terms for the field, in general, include the big screen, the screen, the movies, and cinema. In early years, the sheet was sometimes used instead of screen. Preceding film in origin by thousands of years, early plays and dances had elements common to film, scripts, sets, costumes, production, direction, actors, audiences, storyboards, much terminology later used in film theory and criticism apply, such as mise en scène. Owing to the lack of any technology for doing so, the moving images, the magic lantern, probably created by Christiaan Huygens in the 1650s, could be used to project animation, which was achieved by various types of mechanical slides
8.
Actor
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An actor is a person who portrays a character in a performance. Simplistically speaking, the person denominated actor or actress is someone beautiful who plays important characters, the actor performs in the flesh in the traditional medium of the theatre, or in modern mediums such as film, radio, and television. The analogous Greek term is ὑποκριτής, literally one who answers, the actors interpretation of their role pertains to the role played, whether based on a real person or fictional character. Interpretation occurs even when the actor is playing themselves, as in forms of experimental performance art, or, more commonly, to act, is to create. Formerly, in societies, only men could become actors. When used for the stage, women played the roles of prepubescent boys. The etymology is a derivation from actor with ess added. However, when referring to more than one performer, of both sexes, actor is preferred as a term for male performers. Actor is also used before the name of a performer as a gender-specific term. Within the profession, the re-adoption of the term dates to the 1950–1960s. As Whoopi Goldberg put it in an interview with the paper, Im an actor – I can play anything. The U. K. performers union Equity has no policy on the use of actor or actress, an Equity spokesperson said that the union does not believe that there is a consensus on the matter and stated that the. subject divides the profession. In 2009, the Los Angeles Times stated that Actress remains the term used in major acting awards given to female recipients. However, player remains in use in the theatre, often incorporated into the name of a group or company, such as the American Players. Also, actors in improvisational theatre may be referred to as players, prior to Thespis act, Grecian stories were only expressed in song, dance, and in third person narrative. In honor of Thespis, actors are commonly called Thespians, the exclusively male actors in the theatre of ancient Greece performed in three types of drama, tragedy, comedy, and the satyr play. Western theatre developed and expanded considerably under the Romans, as the Western Roman Empire fell into decay through the 4th and 5th centuries, the seat of Roman power shifted to Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire. Records show that mime, pantomime, scenes or recitations from tragedies and comedies, dances, from the 5th century, Western Europe was plunged into a period of general disorder
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Screen Actors Guild
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The Screen Actors Guild was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide. On March 30,2012, the leadership announced that the SAG membership voted to merge with the American Federation of Television. The Screen Actors Guild was associated with the Associated Actors and Artistes of America, AAAA is affiliated with the AFL–CIO. Internationally, the SAG was affiliated with the International Federation of Actors. C, since 1995, the guild annually awarded the Screen Actors Guild Awards, which are considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards. This award is continued by SAG-AFTRA, in 1925, the Masquers Club was formed by actors discontent with the grueling work hours at the Hollywood studios. This was one of the concerns which led to the creation of the Screen Actors Guild in 1933. A meeting in March 1933 of six led to the guilds foundation. Aubrey Smith, Charles Starrett, Richard Tucker, Arthur Vinton, Morgan Wallace, many high-profile actors refused to join SAG initially. This changed when the producers made an agreement amongst themselves not to bid competitively for talent, a pivotal meeting, at the home of Frank Morgan, was what gave SAG its critical mass. Cantors participation was critical, particularly because of his friendship with the recently elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt, after several years and the passage of the National Labor Relations Act, the producers agreed to negotiate with SAG in 1937. Robinson, Edwin Stanley, Gloria Stuart, Lyle Talbot, Franchot Tone, Warren William, Ten of those summoned, dubbed the Hollywood Ten, refused to cooperate and were charged with contempt of Congress and sentenced to prison. The president of SAG – future United States President Ronald Reagan – also known to the FBI as Confidential Informant T-10, testified before the committee but never publicly named names. He felt that lacking a definite stand on the part of the government, subsequently, a climate of fear, enhanced by the threat of detention under the provisions of the McCarran Internal Security Act, permeated the film industry. On November 17,1947, the Screen Actors Guild voted to force its officers to take a non-communist pledge, none of those blacklisted were proven to advocate overthrowing the government – most simply had Marxist or socialist views. The Waldorf Statement marked the beginning of the Hollywood blacklist that saw hundreds of people prevented from working in the film industry, unfortunately, there are no credits to restore, nor any other belated recognition that we can offer our members who were blacklisted. They could not work under assumed names or employ surrogates to front for them, an actors work and his or her identity are inseparable. The Screen Actors Guild Ethnic Minorities Committee was co-founded in 1972 by actors Henry Darrow, Edith Diaz, Ricardo Montalban, the Screen Actors Guild Womens Committee was founded in 1972. In 1998, Naomi Marquez filed suit against SAG and Lakeside Productions claiming they had breached their duty of fair representation, the claim was denied by the Supreme Court
10.
Variety (magazine)
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Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation. The last daily printed edition was put out on March 19,2013, Variety originally reported on theater and vaudeville. Variety has been published since December 16,1905, when it was launched by Sime Silverman as a weekly periodical covering vaudeville with its headquarters in New York City, on January 19,1907, Variety published what is considered the first film review in history. In 1933, Sime Silverman launched Daily Variety, based in Hollywood, Sime Silverman had passed on the editorship of the Weekly Variety to Abel Green as his replacement in 1931, he remained as publisher until his death in 1933 soon after launching the Daily. His son Sidne Silverman, known as Skigie, succeeded him as publisher of both publications, both Sidne and his wife, stage actress Marie Saxon, died of tuberculosis. Their only son Syd Silverman, born 1932, was the heir to what was then Variety Inc. Young Syds legal guardian Harold Erichs oversaw Variety Inc. until 1956, after that date Syd Silverman was publisher of both the Weekly Variety in New York and the Daily Variety in Hollywood, until the sale of both papers in 1987 to the Cahners Corp. In L. A. the Daily was edited by Tom Pryor from 1959 until 1988, for twenty years its editor-in-chief was Peter Bart, originally only of the weekly New York edition, with Michael Silverman running the Daily in Hollywood. Bart had worked previously at Paramount Pictures and The New York Times, in April 2009, Bart moved to the position of vice president and editorial director, characterized online as Boffo No More, Bart Up and Out at Variety. From mid 2009 to 2013, Timothy M. Gray oversaw the publication as Editor-in-Chief, after over 30 years of various reporter, in October 2014, Eller and Wallenstein were upped to Co-Editors in Chief, with Littleton continuing to oversee the trades television coverage. This dissemination comes in the form of columns, news stories, images, video, Cahners Publishing purchased Variety from the Silverman family in 1987. On December 7,1988, Barts predecessor, Roger Watkins, proposed, upon its launch, the new-look Variety measured one inch shorter with a washed-out color on the front. In October 2012, Reed Business Information, the periodicals owner, PMC is the owner of Deadline. com, which since the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike has been considered Varietys largest competitor in online showbiz news. In October,2012, Jay Penske announced that the paywall would come down, the print publication would stay. A significant portion of the advertising revenue comes during the film-award season leading up to the Academy Awards. During this Awards Season, large numbers of colorful, full-page For Your Consideration advertisements inflate the size of Variety to double or triple its usual page count, paid circulation for the weekly Variety magazine in 2013 was 40,000. Each copy of each Variety issue is read by an average of three people, with a total readership of 120,000. Variety. com has 17 million unique monthly visitors, Variety is a weekly entertainment publication with a broad coverage of movies, television, theater, music and technology, written for entertainment executives
11.
Pension fund
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A pension fund, also known as a superannuation fund in some countries, is any plan, fund, or scheme which provides retirement income. Pension funds typically have large amounts of money to invest and are the investors in listed. They are especially important to the market where large institutional investors dominate. The largest 300 pension funds collectively hold about $6 trillion in assets, the Federal Old-age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund is the worlds largest public pension fund which oversees $2.645 trillion USD in assets. Open pension funds support at least one pension plan with no restriction on membership while closed pension funds support only pension plans that are limited to certain employees, in certain countries the distinction between public or government pension funds and private pension funds may be difficult to assess. In others, the distinction is made sharply in law, with specific requirements for administration. Provident Fund is applicable across for employees across establishments, EPF is the Largest Social Security Organisations in India with Assets well over ₹5 Lakh Crore as of 2014. Indian citizens between the age of 18-55 are eligible to join, the Financial Supervisory Authority - Private Pension is responsible for the supervision and regulation of the private pension system.06. Armed Forces Pension Fund OYAK provides its members with supplementary retirement benefits apart from the retirement fund, T. C. Emekli Sandığı/SSK. OYAK is incorporated as an entity under its own law subject to Turkish civic. OYAK while fulfilling its duties, as set in the Law, also provides its members with social services such as loans, home loans. The initial source of OYAKs funds is a compulsory 10 percent levy on the salary of Turkeys 200,000 serving officers who, together with 25,000 current pensioners. Some other Turkish private pension funds, YAPI ve KREDİ BANKASI A. Ş, mensupları Yardım ve Emekli Sandığı Vakfı AKBANK T. A. Ş. Mensupları Tekaüt Sandığı Vakfı TÜRKİYE GARANTİ BANKASI A. Ş, memur ve Müstahdemleri Emekli ve Yardım Sandığı Vakfı TÜRKİYE ODALAR BORSALAR VE BİRLİK PERSONELİ SİGORTA VE EMEKLİ SANDIĞI VAKFI TÜRKİYE İŞ BANKASI A. Ş. Mensupları Emekli Sandığı Vakfı In the United States pension funds include schemes which result in a deferral of income by employees, the United States has $24.5 trillion in retirement and pension assets as of June 30,2014. The largest 200 pension funds accounted for $4.540 trillion as of September 30,2009
12.
Ken Howard
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Howard was elected president of the actors union, Screen Actors Guild, in September 2009 and reelected to a second term, in September 2011. Howard was born in El Centro, California, the son of Martha Carey and Kenneth Joseph Howard, Sr. a stockbroker, being the elder of their two sons. His younger brother, the late Don Howard, was also an actor, famous for directing Deathtrap, in 1980, starring William Shatner and his approximately 6-foot 6-inch stature earned him the nickname Stork as a high school student. He grew up in Manhasset, New York, Howard had basketball in his blood well before The White Shadow debuted. The nickname The White Shadow was given to him by the Long Island press in 1961, a member of the National Honor Society in high school, Howard turned down several offers of basketball scholarships in favor of a more focused academic education. He was a graduate of Amherst College, where he served as captain of the basketball team and he was also a member of the a cappella singing group, The Zumbyes. He attended Yale School of Drama but left to make his Broadway debut before completing his masters degree, Howard began his career on Broadway in Promises, Promises with Jerry Orbach. In 1970, he won a Tony Award as Best Supporting or Featured Actor for Childs Play, Howard later starred on Broadway as Thomas Jefferson in 1776 and reprised the role in the 1972 film. His other Broadway appearances included Seesaw in 1973 and The Norman Conquests, Howard portrayed several U. S. presidents in the 1975 Broadway musical 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue and appeared as Warren G. Harding in Camping with Henry and Tom in 1995. He appeared in theater in many cities, most recently as Tip ONeill in a one-man show According to Tip, at the New Repertory Theatre in Watertown. On television, Howard appeared as Ken Reeves, a Los Angeles high school coach, in The White Shadow. Howard had the role in the 1973 TV series Adams Rib opposite his good friend. He starred in The Manhunter, a drama that was part of CBSs lineup for the 1974–75 television season. Howard starred in the TV movie Father Damien in 1980 and won a Daytime Emmy Award in 1981 for his performance as the father in the CBS afternoon special The Body Human. He played the character in the 1984 American Playhouse production of Mark Twains Puddnhead Wilson. Later, he appeared as Garrett Boydston in Dynasty and its spin-off The Colbys, in the early 1990s, he appeared on Murder, She Wrote and, from 2001-04, in Crossing Jordan as the title characters father. In 2007, he appeared in the acclaimed series Cane. Howard guest-starred on numerous television dramas and he was guest villain in Hart to Hart Returns, a 1993 made-for-TV movie
13.
Activision
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Activision Publishing, Inc. also known as Activision, is an American video game publisher. It was founded on October 1,1979 and was the worlds first independent developer and its first products were cartridges for the Atari 2600 video console system published from July 1980 for the US market and from August 1981 for the international market. As of January 2017, Activision is one of the largest third party video game publishers in the world and was also the top publisher for 2016 in the United States, before Activision, third-party developers did not exist. Software for video game consoles were published exclusively by makers of the systems for which the games were designed, for example, Atari was the only publisher of games for the Atari 2600. This was particularly galling to the developers, as they received financial rewards nor credit for games that sold well. Kaplan, who called the others the best designers for the in the world, recalled that Kassar called the four men towel designers and that anyone can do a cartridge. Crane, Miller, and Whitehead left Atari and founded Activision in October 1979 with former music industry executive Jim Levy and venture capitalist Richard Muchmore, David Crane has said the name Activision was based on Jim Levys idea to combine active and television. The original name proposed for the company was VSync, Inc, unlike Atari, the company credited and promoted game creators along with the games themselves. The steps taken for this included devoting a page to the developer in their instruction manuals and these approaches helped the newly formed company attract experienced talent. In recognition of this step, Kaplan, Levy, Miller, the departure of the four programmers, whose titles made up more than half of Ataris cartridge sales at the time, caused legal action between the two companies not settled until 1982. As the market for game consoles started to decline, Activision branched out, producing titles for home computers. In 1982, Activision released Pitfall. on the Atari 2600, designed and developed by David Crane, it was a huge success. Many clones of the game were introduced, including arcade games. On June 13,1986, Activision purchased struggling text adventure pioneer Infocom, Jim Levy was a big fan of Infocoms titles and wanted the company to remain solvent. About six months after the InfoWedding, Bruce Davis took over as CEO of Activision, Davis was against the merger from the start and was heavy-handed in its management. Five of them accepted this offer, in 1988, Activision began involvement in software besides video games, such as business applications. As a result, Activision changed its name to Mediagenic to better represent all of its activities. After taking over the company, the new management filed for a Chapter 11 reorganization, in the reorganization, Mediagenic merged with The Disc Company with Mediagenic being the surviving company
14.
Electronic Arts
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Electronic Arts Inc. is an American video game company headquartered in Redwood City, California. Currently, EA develops and publishes games under several labels including EA Sports titles FIFA, Madden NFL, NHL, NCAA Football, NBA Live, and SSX. EA also owns and operates major gaming studios, EA Tiburon in Orlando, EA Canada in Burnaby, BioWare in Edmonton as well as Montreal, the company began developing games in-house and supported consoles by the early 1990s. EA later grew via acquisition of several successful developers, by the early 2000s, EA had become one of the worlds largest third-party publishers. In a note to employees, EA CEO John Riccitiello called this an important milestone for the company. EA began to move toward direct distribution of games and services with the acquisition of the popular online gaming site Pogo. com in 2001. In 2009, EA acquired the London-based social gaming startup Playfish, and in June 2011, EA launched Origin, there is also a On The House feature in Origin that lets you download full versions of EA games for free, it is updated regularly. In July 2011, EA announced that it had acquired PopCap Games, in February 1982, Trip Hawkins arranged a meeting with Don Valentine of Sequoia Capital to discuss financing his new venture, Amazin Software. Valentine encouraged Hawkins to leave Apple Inc. in which Hawkins served as Director of Product Marketing, on May 28,1982, Trip Hawkins incorporated and established the company with a personal investment of an estimated US$200,000. The company was not named Amazin Software, but instead Electronic Arts, seven months later in December 1982, Hawkins secured US$2 million of venture capital from Sequoia Capital, Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, and Sevin Rosen Funds. For more than seven months, Hawkins refined his Electronic Arts business plan, with aid from his first employee, Rich Melmon, the original plan was written, mostly by Hawkins, on an Apple II in Sequoia Capitals office in August 1982. The business plan was refined in September and reissued on October 8,1982. By November, employee headcount rose to 11, including Tim Mott, Bing Gordon, David Maynard, having outgrown the office space provided by Sequoia Capital, the company relocated to a San Mateo office that overlooked the San Francisco Airport landing path. Headcount rose rapidly in 1983, including Don Daglow, Richard Hilleman, Stewart Bonn, David Gardner and he recruited his original employees from Apple, Atari, Xerox PARC, and VisiCorp, and got Steve Wozniak to agree to sit on the board of directors. Hawkins was determined to sell directly to buyers, combined with the fact that Hawkins was pioneering new game brands, this made sales growth more challenging. Retailers wanted to buy known brands from existing distribution partners, after more flyers were handed out, former CEO Larry Probst arrived as VP of Sales in late 1984 and helped the company sustain growth into US$18 million in its third full year. This policy of dealing directly with retailers gave EA higher margins and better market awareness, in December 1986, David Gardner and Mark Lewkaspais moved to the UK to open a European headquarters. Up until that point publishing of Electronic Arts Games, and the conversion of many of their games to compact cassette versions in Europe was handled by Ariolasoft
15.
Insomniac Games
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Insomniac Games presents Full Moon Show is a podcast which is released on the first and third Thursday of the month It began airing on March 1,2007. The show is running its second season which began airing on January 17,2008. The second season is currently introduced by only a musical clip, as per fan requests there has been little change in the second season from the format of the first. The Full Moon Show is notable as it was one of the first videogame developer podcasts, later on in the series this segment focuses on the release of demos, production of discs, and finally the release of the game. During the mystery guest segment the team talks to a mystery guest who does not work at Insomniac. These clues are available on the Insomniac Games website. The show has featured several notable personas within the industry, several clans from Resistance. For each mystery guest that appears on the show $500 is donated to the Childs Play charity, as positions at Insomniac Games are much sought after, and in short supply, this segment sees employees of Insomniac discussing how they got their jobs at the company with the team. In this section the team discusses updates to Resistance, Fall of Man such as new content, gameplay changes, new map packs, during this section the team also talk about updates to MyResistance and the community section of Insomniacs own website. This segment has become noticeably shorter since the earlier podcasts, However this is due to continuing development on Ratchet & Clank Future. Season 2 started with heavy focus on MyResistance due to the development of Resistance 2, during this segment, Rolf Mohr an employee at Insomniac rants and raves about whatever has been on his mind since the last episode. Rolf is quite popular among the listeners and is instantly recognized because of his distinctive accent. He often focuses on U. F. O sightings and occasionally conspiracy theories, However he also focuses on music, movies, games and various other things he finds interesting. He has also had special guests, this includes interviewing Ted Price before the main team. Midway through the season of the podcast, the segment was disbanded due to Rolf no longer working at Insomniac Games
16.
Take-Two Interactive
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Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. is an American multinational publisher distributor of video games and video game peripherals. Take-Two wholly owns publishers Rockstar Games and 2K Games, the companys headquarters are in New York City, with international headquarters in Windsor, United Kingdom. Development studio locations include San Diego, Vancouver, Toronto and Novato, notable game series published by Take-Two include Grand Theft Auto, Civilization, NBA 2K, BioShock and Borderlands. As owner of 2K Games, Take-Two publishes its 2K Sports titles and it also acted as the publisher of Bethesda Softworkss 2006 game, The Elder Scrolls IV, Oblivion. As of 2016, it is the third largest publicly-traded game company in North America Take-Two was founded in 1993 by Ryan Brant, the son of Peter Brant, newsprint heir and co-owner of Interview. In March 1998, Take-Two acquired BMG Interactive Entertainment, the game publishing division of BMG Entertainment, from Bertelsmann. Take 2 published a game called Rats. in 1998, developed by Tarantula Games, later BMG Interactive was re-formed into Rockstar Games in late 1998. In February 1999, Take-Two published the game Biosys through the company Jumpstart Interactive, the game is a point-and-click adventure which follows protagonist Professor Alan Russell. It is set inside the fictional ecological facility, Biosphere Four, in July 1999, Take-Two published Hidden & Dangerous, one of the pioneering tactical first/third person shooters, and its follow-up Hidden & Dangerous 2 in 2003. In 2004, Take-Two paid US$22.3 million to Infogrames for the rights to the Civilization series, in 2005, Take-Two began a host of acquisitions, spending more than US$80 million buying game developers. Take-Two formed the publishing companies 2K Games and 2K Sports to manage a group of newly acquired development studios, then in November, Take-Two acquired Firaxis for US$27 million including possible performance bonuses. In February 2007 Ryan Brant pleaded guilty to falsifying business records and he faced up to four years in prison and received a lighter sentence by agreeing to cooperate in a plea agreement to cooperate with prosecutors. At the annual meeting in March 29,2007, ZelnickMedia staged a takeover of the company together with some of Take-Two Interactives largest investors and that is, Take-Two investors ousted five of six board members. The investors controlled 46% of the stock, in March 2007, Take-Two filed a lawsuit against Jack Thompson, to prevent him from filing a public nuisance complaint in Florida court as he did with Bully. On May 22,2007, Oasys Mobile signed a deal to bring several of the Sid Meier licenses to the mobile market, the original Sid Meier games are developed by Take-Twos company Firaxis Games. Oasys was to bring games to the mobile market some time in 2008. Rumors of a buyout had been floating around the several weeks prior. Stocks went up by 54% on Monday, following the Sunday announcement, closing over the US$26 offer price, whilst EAs own stock prices went down by 5%, the largest loss in over a year
17.
Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment
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WB Games Inc. doing business as Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment, is a division of Warner Bros, Interactive Entertainment licensed out their first game property under their current name, Batman Forever to Acclaim Entertainment. In 2003, they co-published their first video game, Looney Tunes, electronic Arts was the other publisher of the game. In 2004, Warner Bros. acquired developer Monolith Productions, in 2005, the WB Games label was created. The first game that Monolith developed in conjunction with Warner Bros, Entertainment was The Matrix Online which SEGA helped co-publish. Warner Bros. also helped distribute both Enter the Matrix and The Matrix, Path of Neo for the Matrix series, in 2006, they bought a 10. 3% stake in SCi Entertainment, the owner of Eidos Interactive. That same year, they released their first self-published title, Justice League Heroes, in April 2008, they increased their stake to 35% gaining distribution right of all Eidos games in the United States, Canada and Mexico. On January 28,2009, The Hollywood Reporter reported the deal also gave Warner the rights of the Tomb Raider film series, previously owned by Paramount Pictures. On February 12,2009, SQEX Ltd, an owned subsidiary of Square Enix, announced a takeover offer worth GB£84.3 million for Eidos plc. Square Enix eventually took over the company April 22,2009, Warner Bros. announced on February 4,2009 it had purchased independent developer Snowblind Studios. Terms of the deal were not disclosed, but the acquisition serves to strengthen the internal development effort. In 2009, Warner purchased most of the assets of American publisher Midway Games, operating under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, for US$49 million. The assets purchased include Midways studio in Chicago and Surreal Software, resulting in the ownership to the rights to the Joust, Mortal Kombat, The Suffering, Spy Hunter, Midway Games had previously worked with Warner Bros. on several games including Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe. Midway intended to hold an auction of its assets on June 29,2009, on July 10,2009, the sale to Warner was completed for approximately US$49 million. In the process, WB Games became the owner of the Blitz, on July 28,2009, Midways Mortal Kombat team was rebranded WB Games Chicago by its new owners and, in 2010 was merged with Midway Games to form NetherRealm Studios. On January 13,2010, it was announced that Warner Bros, Interactive Entertainment will produce and have exclusive rights to Sesame Street video games starting in fall 2010 with Elmos A-to-Zoo Adventure and Cookies Counting Carnival. On February 23,2010, Warner Bros, home Entertainment Group announced it had acquired majority stake in Rocksteady Studios, an independent development studio based in London. Rocksteady and Warner had previously worked together in Batman, Arkham Asylum and Batman, Arkham City, on March 22,2010, Warner Bros
18.
NBCUniversal
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NBCUniversal is an American multinational media conglomerate. It has a significant presence in broadcasting through a portfolio of domestic and international properties, including terrestrial, via the Universal Parks & Resorts division, the company is also the third-largest operator of amusement parks in the world. NBC Universal was formed on May 12,2004 by the merger of General Electrics National Broadcasting Company with Vivendis Vivendi Universal Entertainment, as of March 19,2013, it is wholly owned by Comcast who bought GEs ownership stake. NBC and Universal Television had a long-standing partnership dating back to 1950 and this partnership continued throughout a number of name changes and changes of ownership. NBC Universal Television has its roots in a series of expansions undertaken by NBC. In the late 1980s, NBC began pursuing a strategy of diversification, NBC also had partial ownership of several regional sports channels and other cable channels such as American Movie Classics and Court TV. In 1995, NBC began operating NBC Desktop Video, a news service that delivered live video to personal computers. The following year, NBC announced an agreement with Microsoft to create an all-news cable television channel, a separate joint venture with Microsoft included establishing a news website, MSNBC. com. In 1998, NBC partnered with Dow Jones & Co, the two companies combined their financial news channels outside the US. The new networks included NBC Europe, CNBC Europe, NBC Asia, CNBC Asia, NBC Africa, in 1999, NBC took a 32% stake in the Paxson group, operator of PAX TV. Five years later, NBC decided to sell its interest in PAX TV and end its relationship with PAX owner, in 2001, NBC acquired the US Spanish-language broadcaster Telemundo, which included the bilingual Mun2 Television. That same year NBC acquired the cable channel Bravo, the sale and resulting merger formed NBC Universal. The new company was 80% owned by GE, and 20% owned by Vivendi, Universal Music Group was not included in the deal and is not part of NBC Universal. On August 2,2004, the divisions of NBC. NBC Studios series bought into the company include the NBC dramas Las Vegas, Crossing Jordan, Universal Network Television bought the Law & Order franchise and The District—in fact, Universal Network Television had co-produced American Dreams with NBC before the merger. Entertainment shows produced by the new group include The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Late Night with Jimmy Fallon, Last Call with Carson Daly, and Saturday Night Live. The formation of NBC Universal saw the establishment of NBC Universal Cable, which oversees the distribution, marketing, NBC Universal Cable also manages the companys investments in The Weather Channel and TiVo. The cable division also used to operate NBC Weather Plus until 2008 and it also owned a 50% stake in Canal+ and also owned a 15% stake in A+E Networks until 2012
19.
Mega TV (United States)
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Mega TV is an American broadcasting television network based in San Juan, Puerto Rico, owned by Spanish Broadcasting System. The networks flagship is WSBS-TV, a station licensed to Key West, Florida. Mega TV was launched on March 1,2006 and its original slate of programming includes productions aimed to young Hispanic viewers. Mega TV seems to be following the same pattern traced by larger rivals such as the Hispanic Telemundo, Univision, in early 2007, the station cut 55 employees to save production costs. A vast majority of locally produced programs such as Desvelados, Xpediente, El Noticero, El Vacilon, Entre Fichas, puerta Astral, Agenda del Inmigrante were supposedly placed on hiatus. The channel is scheduled for a run with changes in hosts. WHDO, WFHD, WHDC, KLPS, and KSDI show Mega TV on digital subchannels
20.
Estrella TV
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Estrella TV is an American Spanish-language broadcast television network that is owned by Liberman Broadcasting. Estrella TVs programming, production and advertising operations are headquartered in the Los Angeles suburb of Burbank, the networks operations are overseen by Lenard Liberman, president, CEO and executive vice president of Liberman Broadcasting. S. On August 31,1998, Liberman converted KRCA into an independent station with a programming format. The station ran a block of Spanish language programs during its daytime schedule – running from 7,00 a. m. to 5,00 p. m, by 2002, KRCA dropped its Asian-imported programming and became a Spanish language outlet full-time. Liberman acquired two stations over the next six years, in 2001, the company bought English independent KZJL in Houston. One of its earliest programs, the reality game show Gana la Verde, caused controversy after several immigrant advocacy groups, by 2006, the company had adopted a consistent branding for its three television stations under the brand Estrella TV. Liberman expanded the Estrella TV format to other markets where it acquired television stations, featuring much of the programs as those aired by the Los Angeles, Dallas. As Liberman expanded its programming to other O&Os, its mix of programming shifted to appeal towards various Hispanic and Latino audiences and helped the pseudo-network beat its major competitors. Liberman had explored the possibility of developing a network in 2007. LBI Medias decision to launch the network came despite experiencing revenue declines that affected other broadcasting companies during the Great Recession. The initial original programming-focused slate made up the majority of its schedule, over time, Estrella TV made major inroads in approaching viewership parity with Univision, Telemundo and Telefutura. By November 2012, Estrella TV ranked in fourth place in total viewers among all Hispanic broadcast networks, as of 2015, Estrella TV operates on a 113½-hour network programming schedule. Its base programming feed provides various types of entertainment programming Monday through Fridays from 6,00 a. m. to 12,00 a. m. Eastern and Pacific Time, consisting of dubbed versions of wildlife, the networks series programming primarily covers formats common in Spanish language television broadcasters in the U. S. Much of Estrella TVs programming consists of variety series, comedy series, reality programs, the program was also joined by two daily newsmagazine programs, the hour-long Estrellas Hoy and the half-hour En Vivo, entertainment-based shows focusing on popular Latino celebrities. Gratas expanded his duties in 2011, with a weekly investigative newsmagazine El Momento con Enrique Gratas. Pedro Ferriz Híjar was named anchor of Cierre de Edición and En La Lucha on February 2,2016, and debuted later that month. Dellanos left the network on April 24,2015, and was replaced on Noticiero Estrella TV by Adriana Ruggiero
21.
Los Angeles Times
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The Los Angeles Times, commonly referred to as the Times or LA Times, is a paid daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008, the Times is owned by tronc. The Times was first published on December 4,1881, as the Los Angeles Daily Times under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and it was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T. J. Unable to pay the bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the Times continued publication, in July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the papers editor. Otis made the Times a financial success, in an era where newspapers were driven by party politics, the Times was directed at Republican readers. As was typical of newspapers of the time, the Times would sit on stories for several days, historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment. Otiss editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles, the efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1,1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged, the American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Upon Otiss death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios, the site also includes a memorial to the Times Building bombing victims. The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980, Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his familys paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nations most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times, believing that the newsroom was the heartbeat of the business, Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with the Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for news organizations. During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined, eventually the coupon-clipping branches realized that they could make more money investing in something other than newspapers. Under their pressure the companies went public, or split apart, thats the pattern followed over more than a century by the Los Angeles Times under the Chandler family. The papers early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big and it has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades. In 2000, the Tribune Company acquired the Times, placing the paper in co-ownership with then-WB -affiliated KTLA, which Tribune acquired in 1985
22.
United States Department of Labor
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The department is headed by the U. S. Secretary of Labor. In carrying out this mission, the Department of Labor administers and enforces more than 180 federal laws and these mandates and the regulations that implement them cover many workplace activities for about 10 million employers and 125 million workers. The U. S. Congress first established a Bureau of Labor Statistics in 1884 with the Bureau of Labor Act, to information about labor. This bureau was under the Department of the Interior, the Bureau started collecting economic data in 1884, and published their first report in 1886. Later, the Bureau of Labor became an independent Department of Labor and it became a bureau again within the Department of Commerce and Labor, which was established February 15,1903. President William Howard Taft signed the March 4,1913, bill establishing the Department of Labor as a Cabinet-level Department, William B. Wilson was appointed as the first Secretary of Labor on March 5,1913 by President Wilson. Secretary Wilson chaired the first meeting of the International Labour Organization in October 1919, the Federal Employees Compensation Act, signed Sept.7,1916, provided benefits to workers who are injured or contract illnesses in the workplace. Frances Perkins, the first female member, was appointed to be Secretary of Labor by President Roosevelt on March 4,1933. Perkins served for 12 years, making her the longest serving Secretary of Labor, during the John F. Kennedy Administration, planning was undertaken to consolidate most of the departments offices, then scattered around more than 20 locations. Construction on the New Labor Building began in the mid‑1960s and finished in 1975 and it was named in honor of Perkins in 1980. President Lyndon Johnson asked Congress to consider the idea of reuniting Commerce and he argued that the two departments had similar goals and that they would have more efficient channels of communication in a single department. However, Congress never acted on it, in the 1970s, following the civil rights movement, the Labor Department under Secretary George P. Shultz made a concerted effort to promote racial diversity in unions. In 1978, the Department of Labor created the Philip Arnow Award, Department officials said the program was modern and fair and that it was part of ongoing contract negotiations with the local. In August 2010, the Partnership for Public Service ranked the Department of Labor 23rd out of 31 large agencies in its annual Best Places to Work in the Federal Government list. In December 2010, then-Department of Labor Secretary Hilda Solis was named the Chair of the U. S. Interagency Council on Homelessness, in July 2011, the Department was rocked by the resignation of Ray Jefferson, Assistant Secretary for VETS, in a contracting scandal. On March 4,2013, the Department began commemorating its centennial, tom Perez was appointed as Secretary of Labor on July 23,2013. According to remarks by Perez at his swearing-in ceremony, Boiled down to its essence, did not earn a satisfactory overall grade. Title 20 of the Code of Federal Regulations Equal Employment Opportunity Commission National Labor Relations Board Occupational Information Network Ticket to Work Lombardi, labors Voice in the Cabinet, A History of the Department of Labor from Its Origins to 1921
23.
Office of Labor-Management Standards
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The Office of Labor-Management Standards of the U. S. Department of Labor administers and enforces most provisions of the Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959. The LMRDA was enacted primarily to ensure standards of democracy. Unions representing U. S. Postal Service employees became subject to the LMRDA with the passage of the Postal Reorganization Act of 1970, OLMS also enforces standards on officers of unions representing U. S. government workers defined by the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978. Office of Labor-Management Standards Office of Labor-Management Standards in the Federal Register
24.
NPR
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NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming. Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs that are produced and its content is also available on-demand via the web, mobile, and podcasts. The organizations legal name is National Public Radio and its brand is NPR. Is NPR has been used by its hosts for many years. However, National Public Radio remains the name of the group. National Public Radio replaced the National Educational Radio Network on February 26,1970 and this act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, which created the Public Broadcasting Service in addition to NPR. A CPB organizing committee under John Witherspoon first created a Board of Directors chaired by Bernard Mayes, the board then hired Donald Quayle to be the first president of NPR with 30 employees and 90 charter member stations, and studios in Washington, D. C. NPR aired its first broadcast in April 1971, covering United States Senate hearings on the Vietnam War, a month later, the afternoon drive-time newscast All Things Considered began, on May 3,1971, first hosted by Robert Conley. NPR was primarily a production and distribution organization until 1977, when it merged with the Association of Public Radio Stations, NPR suffered an almost fatal setback in 1983 when efforts to expand services created a deficit of nearly US$7 million. After a congressional investigation and the resignation of NPRs president, Frank Mankiewicz, NPR also agreed to turn its satellite service into a cooperative venture, making it possible for non-NPR shows to get national distribution. It took NPR approximately three years to pay off the debt, delano Lewis, the president of C&P Telephone, left that position to become NPRs CEO and president in January 1994. In November 1998, NPRs board of directors hired Kevin Klose, NPR spent nearly $13 million to acquire and equip a West Coast 25, 000-square-foot production facility, NPR West, which opened in Culver City, Los Angeles County, California, in November 2002. C. In November 2003, NPR received US$235 million from the estate of the late Joan B, Kroc, the widow of Ray Kroc, founder of McDonalds Corporation. This was the largest monetary gift ever to a cultural institution, in 2004 NPRs budget increased by over 50% to US$153 million due to the Kroc gift. US$34 million of the money was deposited in its endowment, the endowment fund before the gift totaled $35 million. NPR will use the interest from the bequest to expand its news staff, the 2005 budget was about US$120 million. In August 2005, NPR entered podcasting with a directory of over 170 programs created by NPR, by November of that year, users downloaded NPR and other public radio podcasts 5 million times
25.
Deadline (magazine)
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Deadline was a British comics magazine published between 1988 and 1995. Created by 2000 AD artists Brett Ewins and Steve Dillon, Deadline featured a mix of comic strips, Deadline was published by Deadline Publications Ltd. The magazines origins lie in the earlier publication Strange Days, a title created by Ewins, Brendan McCarthy. Much of the non-strip content centred on alternative and indie music, coupled with the subversive nature of many of the comic strips, the magazine had a distinctive counterculture ethos and post-punk sensibility. The magazine was owned and financed by Tom Astor, and initially edited by Steve Dillon and Brett Ewins before transferring editorship to Dave Elliott, then Si Spencer, Elliott also arranged for content from the magazine to be reprinted in the US by Dark Horse Comics as Deadline USA. However, the failure of the Tank Girl film and the crossing over of the alternative scene into the mainstream saw the magazine eventually fold at the end of 1995. In the late 2000s, Alan Grant edited the title Wasted, which owed much to the style and ethos of Deadline a decade and a half earlier. com Online version of the Deadline strip Sadist
26.
George Meany
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William George Meany was an American labor union leader for 57 years. He was the key figure in the creation of the AFL-CIO and served as the AFL-CIOs first president, Meany, the son of a union plumber, became a plumber at a young age, as well. He became a union official 12 years later. As an officer of the American Federation of Labor, he represented the AFL on the National War Labor Board during World War II and he served as president of the AFL from 1952 to 1955. He proposed its merger with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1952 and he then served as president of the merged AFL-CIO for the next 24 years. Meany had a reputation for integrity and consistent opposition to corruption in the labor movement and he was the best known union leader in the United States in the mid-20th century. Meany was born into a Roman Catholic family in Harlem, New York City on August 16,1894 and his parents were Michael Meany and Anne Cullen Meany, who were both American-born and of Irish descent. His ancestors had immigrated to the United States in the 1850s and his father was a plumber and a strong supporter of the trade union movement and served as president of his plumbers union local. Michael Meany was also a precinct level activist in the Democratic Party, Meany grew up in the Port Morris neighborhood of The Bronx, where his parents had moved when he was five years old. Always called George, he learned that his real first name was William only when he got a permit as a teenager. Following his fathers path, Meany quit high school at 16 to work as a plumbers helper. He then served an apprenticeship as a plumber and got his journeymans certificate in 1917, with Local 463 United Association of Plumbers and Steamfitters of the United States. His father died suddenly of an attack in 1916 after a bout of pneumonia. When Meanys older brother joined the US Army in 1917, George became the source of income for his mother. He supplemented his income for a while by playing as a baseball catcher. In 1919, he married Eugenia McMahon, a garment worker, in 1920, Meany was elected to the executive board of Local 463 of the Plumbers Union. In 1922, he became a business agent for the local. In 1923, he was elected secretary of the New York City Building Trades Council and he won a court injunction against a lockout in 1927, then considered an innovative tactic, opposed by many of the older leaders, for a union
27.
Lane Kirkland
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Joseph Lane Kirkland was a US labor union leader who served as President of the AFL-CIO for over sixteen years. Kirkland was born in Camden, South Carolina and rose over his career to head the 16-million-member American labor movement. In 1941, Kirkland entered the United States Merchant Marine Academy, graduated 1942, after the war, he worked in the Research Department of the AFL. He received a B. S. degree from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University, Kirkland married Edith Draper Hollyday in June 1944, with whom he had five daughters. A year after their divorce in 1972, he married the Czech-born Irena Neumann, from 1979 to 1995 Kirkland was president of the American Federation of Labor – Congress of Industrial Organizations. During his tenure, union membership in the United States declined precipitously, the unions suffered some of their most serious defeats, including the 1981 air traffic controllerss strike and the 1985 Hormel meat packers strike. He also served on the Federal Prison Industries, Incorporated board from 1980-1988, on the international front, Kirklands support of the Solidarity movement in Poland contributed to the decline of communism. At the time, the Carter administration, including its two prominent Polish Americans, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Ed Muskie advised against such aid fearing Soviet reaction, Kirkland boldly took the initiative persuading Zbigniew Brzezinski of the wisdom of supporting the Solidarity movement. In all US union support of Solidarity far exceeded its European counterparts, Solidarity aid was part of Lane Kirklands internationalist vision for the labor movement and the building of the global consensus on human rights. After the changes in Eastern Europe, Kirkland became a mentor for many prominent labor leaders who saw him as a visionary and he befriended Lech Walesa as well as Marian Krzaklewski who replaced Lech Walesa at the helm of Solidarity. Kirkland was awarded posthumously with the highest Polish award, the Order of the White Eagle. The Polish American Freedom Foundation has established a grant in Lane Kirklands honor. His best remembered quotation is, If hard work were such a wonderful thing, on November 13,1989, Kirkland was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Bush In 1994, Kirkland was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Clinton. In 1999, Lane Kirkland was awarded the Truman-Reagan Medal of Freedom, Lane Kirkland died in Washington, D. C. aged 77, from complications of cancer. Lane Kirkland, Champion of American labor, the American Presidency Project Lane Kirkland AFL-CIO history page. American Center for International Labor Solidarity, formerly the International Affairs Department of the AFL-CIO, Lane Kirkland, The AFL-CIOs last cold warrior by Jim Smith Freedoms Labors, Lane Kirkland worked for more than his union by Fred Siegel. Tuesday, March 8,200512,01 a. m
28.
John Sweeney (labor leader)
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John Joseph Sweeney is a labor leader and served as president of the AFL-CIO from 1995 to 2009. Born in The Bronx, New York, Sweeney is the son of James and Agnes, sweeenys family moved to Yonkers in 1944, where Sweeney attended St. Barnabas Elementary School and graduated from Cardinal Hayes High School. Sweeneys father took him to numerous meetings, and it is there that Sweeney began his lifelong commitment to the American labor movement. Sweeney enrolled at Iona College in New Rochelle in 1952, Sweeney worked as a grave-digger and building porter to pay his tuition, and joined his first union at this time. In 1956, he graduated with a degree in economics, after graduation, Sweeney became a clerk at IBM. But his commitment to the movement led Sweeney to take a two-thirds cut in pay to become a researcher with the International Ladies Garment Workers Union in 1956. In time, Sweeney met Thomas R. Donahue, then a representative with the Building Service Employees International Union. Donahue asked Sweeney to leave the ILGWU, and he became a director with BSEIU Local 32B in 1960. BSEIU changed its name to the Services Employees International Union in 1968, in 1972, Sweeney became assistant to the president of Local 32B in addition to his existing duties as contract director. He was elected to the board of Local 32B the same year. In 1973, Sweeney was elected president of the local. In 1976, John Sweeney was elected president of Local 32B and he resigned his position as contract director. Three months after taking office, Sweeney led the 45,000 members of SEIU out on a strike against the New York Realty Advisory Board a day before the unions contract was due to expire. After 17 days, the union won a new contract with significant wage, in 1977, Sweeney merged Local 32B with Local 32J to form Local 32BJ. In 1979, Sweeney led the workers of Local 32BJ out on strike again. In 1980, Sweeney was elected president of the national SEIU, Sweeney continued to serve as president of Local 32BJ until mid-1981, and drew a salary as a consultant to the local until 1995. Under Sweeneys tenure, SEIU made rapid gains in membership, the union began the decade with about 625,000 members. But Sweeney began pushing for expansion into new sectors and base areas
29.
Richard Trumka
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Richard Louis Trumka is an organized labor leader in the United States. He was elected President of the AFL-CIO on September 16,2009, at the labor federations convention in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He served as the Secretary-Treasurer of the AFL-CIO from 1995 to 2009, Trumka was named one of Esquire Magazines Americans of the Year in 2011. Trumka was born in Nemacolin, Pennsylvania, near Pittsburgh, to an Italian American mother, Eola Elizabeth, and he went to work in the mines in 1968. He received a bachelor of degree from Pennsylvania State University in 1971. He married Barbara Vidovich in 1982, from 1974 to 1979, Trumka was a staff attorney with the United Mine Workers at their headquarters in Washington, D. C. He was elected to the board of directors of UMWA District 4 in 1981, a major issue in the dispute was Pittstons refusal to pay into the industrywide health and retirement fund created in 1950. Trumka encouraged non-violent civil disobedience to confront the company and relied on a corporate campaign, the United Mine Workers conducted a nationwide strike against Peabody Coal in 1993. Trumka was asked to respond to the possibility that some companies might hire permanent replacement workers. He told the Associated Press in September 1993, Im saying if you strike a match and you put your finger in it and he also said, That doesnt mean Im threatening to burn you. That just means if you strike the match, and you put your finger in it, common sense will tell you that in these strikes, that when you inject scabs, a number of things happen. And a confrontation is one of the potentials that can happen, do I think it can happen. Yes, I think it can happen, the Associated Press reported that he was not threatening violence, and noted that UMWA staff had spent thousands of man hours trying to prevent anything from happening. To our members or by our members, besides his domestic labor activities, Trumka established an office that raised U. S. mineworker solidarity with the miners in South Africa while they were fighting apartheid. He further served as the U. S, shell boycott chairman, which challenged the multinational Royal Dutch/Shell Group for its continued business dealings in South Africa. For these steps, Trumka received the 1990 Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Award and he chaired the AFL-CIO Industrial Union Council, a consortium of manufacturing unions focusing on key issues in trade, health care and labor law reform. He co-chairs the China Currency Coalition, an alliance of industry, agriculture, services, but Trumkas tenure as Secretary-Treasurer was not without controversy. In 1996, Teamsters president Ron Carey was locked in a reelection battle with James P. Hoffa, son of disappeared Teamsters president Jimmy Hoffa
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Alliance for Retired Americans
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Its predecessor organization was known as the National Council of Senior Citizens. As of 2012, the Alliance has more than 4 million members nationwide and has programs in 33 states. The political environment began to change in the late 1950s, the Eisenhower administration began to study the needs of the aged, and liberal Republicans began to support health insurance for the elderly. As President Eisenhowers administration drew to a close in 1960, planning began for the first White House Conference on Aging, the by-now merged AFL-CIO held some influence in the Republican White House. It was Rockefeller who had responsibility for planning the upcoming conference. Meany, meanwhile, assigned Nelson Cruikshank, director of the AFL-CIOs Department of Social Security, when it came time to appoint a chair for the conference, Cruikshank suggested Robert Kean, a liberal Republican congressman from New Jersey. If the White House Conference on Aging were to recommend national health insurance legislation, Kean was also not likely to use the power of his chairmanship against labor in the conferences hearings or votes on its final report. Working with Rockefeller and his staff, the AFL-CIO then was able to get health insurance assigned to the committee on income maintenance. Meanwhile, events occurred during the 1960 presidential election actually helped boost Cruikshanks chances at the Conference on Aging. During the 1960 presidential election, the AFL-CIO worked to build a coalition in favor of health insurance for the aged. As Senator John F. Kennedy stacked up primary wins, the AFL-CIO convinced the Kennedy team on August 12,1960, the goal of the group was ostensibly to help the candidate develop policy proposals on health care for the aged. Rep. Aime J. Forand was named chair of the group, after Kennedy won the election, the AFL-CIO used the coalition built by Senior Citizens-for-Kennedy to push its agenda at the 1961 White House Conference on Aging. The AFL-CIO coordinated the work of groups during the conference. It established a center, and mobilized witnesses and votes as needed. Whenever health insurance for the aged was brought up in any other than the Social Security committee. When the Conference voted on its report, the AMA was surprised to find a health insurance proposal part of the recommended legislative package. The AFL-CIO coalition had grown to more than 500 groups, the success of the AFL-CIO coalition during the 1961 White House Conference on Aging led Forand to suggest that an organization be formed to push for similar legislation in the future. The American Association of Retired Persons, founded in 1958, did not have a substantial membership yet, the Democratic National Committee and AFL-CIO then worked together to transform the Kennedy group into the National Council of Senior Citizens
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Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance
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The Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance is a nonprofit organization of Asian-Pacific American trade union members affiliated with the AFL-CIO. It was the first and only organization for Asian Pacific American union members. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, a number of AFL-CIO affiliates became concerned with sweatshop work, APALAs first president was Kent Wong. Its first executive director was Matthew Finucane and it has a biennial membership convention, which meets in even-numbered years. APALA also works to build awareness of the movement among Asian-Pacific American workers. APALA is also active in voter registration, education and mobilization, and is active in federal and state legislative efforts on immigration reform, APALAs president is Johanna Hester, a member of AFSCME/UDW. Executive director Gloria Caoile stepped down in March 2008, malcolm Amado Uno, APALAs Deputy Director since August 2007, was tapped to replace her. Uno was previously the National Organizing Director of Asian Pacific Islander American Vote and Policy, the current Executive Director is Gregory Cendana. APALA is a member of the National Council of Asian Pacific Americans, the Challenge of Diversity and Inclusion in the AFL-CIO. A New Labor Movement for the New Century, New York City, Monthly Review Press,1998. Organized Labor Wants You, After Decades of Overt Exclusion, Big Labor Opens Its Doors to Asian Americans, Organizing Asian Pacific American Workers in the AFL-CIO, New Opportunities. Li, David K. Asian-American Labor Caucus Organized, Some Activists Fear Domination by AFL-CIO Leadership, Organizing Immigrant Workers, Case Studies from Southern California. In Rekindling the Movement, Labors Quest for 21st Century Relevance, lowell Turner, Harry Katz and Richard Hurd, eds. From the Bottom Up, The New Asian Pacific Islander Labor Activism, the Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance. Training Union Organizers in the Middle of a Fight, The AFL-CIO’s Organizing Institute, building An Asian Pacific Labor Movement. In Legacy to Liberation, Politics and Culture of Revolutionary Asian Pacific America, building Unions in Asian Pacific Communities. Wong, Kent, Monroe, Julie, and Yasuda, Kathleen, Voices for Justice, Asian Pacific American Organizers and the New Labor Movement. Los Angeles, Center for Labor Research & Education, University of California, ISBN 0-89215-190-0 Wong, Janelle S. Democracys Promise, Immigrants and American Civic Institutions
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Coalition of Black Trade Unionists
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The Coalition of Black Trade Unionists is a nonprofit organization of African American trade union members affiliated with the AFL-CIO. More than 50 different international and national trade unions are represented in CBTU and there are 50 chapters in the United States of America and one in Ontario, at the time, it was the largest single gathering of black unionists in the history of the American labor movement. Five black labor leaders called the new organization the Coalition of Black Trade Unionists and they believed AFL-CIO President George Meany had been ignoring the voice of black trade unionists. They also believed that the AFL-CIO might attempt to declare its neutrality in the forthcoming U. S. presidential campaign in which President Richard Nixon was seeking re-election, between 35 and 40 percent of the delegates who attended the first meeting were black women. Five of them served on the first executive committee of the CBTU, the CBTU executive council subsequently organized the National Womens Committee, which now holds conferences and workshops. The CBTU held its first convention in Washington, D. C. in May 1973, there was opposition to the new labor organization. Bayard Rustin claimed that the CPTU was redundant because black trade unionists had already assumed leadership roles in their own unions and communities. Since its founding, CBTU has been involved in a number of causes including the rights of workers, promoting black leadership. In 1974, it was the first labor organization in the United States to pass resolutions for the boycott of South Africa in response to its policies of apartheid. CBTU has also passed resolutions highlighting political and human rights issues in Namibia, in 2013, William Lucy left the presidency after 40 years of service to the organization. Terrence L. Melvin was elected and became the president of the CBTU. Black Unionists Warn, Dont Restructure Us Out, Coalition of Black Trade Unionists Congressional Black Caucus Foundation, Inc. Coalition of Black Trade Unionists, Ontario, Canada Chapter Coalition of Black Trade Unionists Records, walter P. Reuther Library of Labor and Urban Affairs
