1.
Ponferrada
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Ponferrada is the capital city of El Bierzo in the Province of León, Spain. It lies on Sil River and it is surrounded by mountains. It is the last major town on the French route of the Camino de Santiago before it reaches Santiago de Compostela, in 2008, it had a population of 69,769. In pre-Roman times the region was populated by the Astures, a Hispano-Celtic Gallaecian people, numerous Roman mining sites are still visible in the area, one of the most spectacular being Las Médulas, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1997. Romans also imported grapevines, and wine production thrived in the region until the propagation of Phylloxera at the end of the 19th century, the railroad arrived in Ponferrada in 1881, and during World War I local tungsten deposits were exploited to supply the arms industry. In 1918 the Ponferrada Mining, Iron and Steel Company was founded to exploit coal deposits in the region, the Spanish National Energy Corporation was founded in 1944 and in 1949 it opened Spains first coal-fueled power plant in Ponferrada, Compostilla I. In 1960 the Bárcena Dam opened and by the half of the 20th century the economy of the city was mainly based on mining and electricity generation. Starting in the late 1980s most mines were closed, and after the collapse of the mining industry Ponferrada was for a while in a crisis. The economy is now based mainly on tourism, agriculture, wind power generation and slate mining, with a mild, the tallest building in Ponferrada is the Torre de la rosaleda in the Roseleda district. Ponferrada lies in the Way of St. James, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Las Médulas, ancient Roman gold mines also included in the UNESCO World Heritage Site List, are only a few kilometres away from the city. Ponferrada is also noted for its Castillo de los Templarios, a Templar castle which covers approximately 16,000 square meters. In 1178, Ferdinand II of León donated the city to the Templar order for protecting the pilgrims on the Way of St. James who passed through El Bierzo in their road to Santiago de Compostela, the castle hosted the Knights Templars Grand Master of Castille. However, the Templars were only able to enjoy the use of their fortress for about twenty years before the order was disbanded, several noble houses fought over the assets until Alfonso XI allotted them to the Count of Lemos in 1340. Finally the Catholic Monarchs incorporated Ponferrada and its castle into the Crown in 1486, as with many other historical sites in Europe, many of the blocks that at one point formed the walls of the castle were removed and used in local construction projects. The Basilica de la Encina is a built in the Renaissance style in 1573. Its baroque tower dates from 1614, the National Energy Museum is currently under construction, sponsored by the Energy City Foundation. It will include the building and equipment of Compostilla I. The church of Santiago de Peñalba, the Hermitage of Santo Tomás de las Ollas, the city and its surroundings offer many opportunities for outdoor activities
2.
El Bierzo
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El Bierzo is a comarca in the province of León, Spain. Its capital is the town of Ponferrada, other major towns are Bembibre and Villafranca del Bierzo, the historical capital. The territory of El Bierzo includes most of the basin of the Sil river. It is surrounded by mountains on all sides, which makes this area remarkably isolated from all neighbouring lands, in pre-Roman times the region was populated by the Astures, a Hispano-Celtic Gallaecian people. Numerous Roman mining sites are visible in the area, one of the most spectacular being Las Médulas. Romans also imported grapevines, and wine production thrived in the region until the propagation of Phylloxera at the end of the 19th century, El Bierzo developed its own peculiarities as Galician and Leonese traditions mixed under Castilian influence, and thus was granted the administrative status of comarca. Spanish is the language, but local dialects of Galician. In the 12th century there was a colony of immigrants from Poitou in the Bierzo, the status of El Bierzo as a shire is recognized by law, and it is the only one officially recognized in the autonomous community of Castile and León. The predominant language nowadays is Spanish but the local vernaculars can be classified as either Galician or Leonese, the use of Galician and Leonese in everyday speech has mixed usages. Although both have enjoyed a recent revival through the work of different associations that promote their use and study, Galician has been more favored, Leonese continues to have a very limited use. In addition to that, the Statute of Autonomy of Castile and Leon,5, states, Shall respect and protect the Galician language and language patterns in places where the language is habitually used. The number of Galician speakers in El Bierzo is estimated to be about 35,000 people concentrated in the westernmost municipalities of the region. Pachuezu or patsuezu is the western Asturleonese variant most entrenched in the north of El Bierzo, the railroad arrived in the region in 1881, and during World War I local tungsten deposits were exploited to supply the arms industry. In 1918 the Ponferrada Mining, Iron and Steel Company was founded to exploit coal deposits in the region, the Spanish National Energy Corporation was founded in 1944 and in 1949 it opened Spains first coal-fueled power plant in Ponferrada, Compostilla I. In 1960 the Bárcena Dam opened and by the half of the 20th century the economy of the region was mainly based on mining and electricity generation. Starting in the late 1980s most mines were closed, and after the collapse of the industry the region was for a while in a crisis. The economy is now based mainly on tourism, agriculture, wind power generation, montes Aquilanos Bercian dialect Bierzo Edict El Bierzo Regional Council Official Website Consejo Regulador de la Denominación de Origen Bierzo Instituto de Estudios Bercianos
3.
Kit (association football)
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In association football, kit is the standard equipment and attire worn by players. The sports Laws of the Game specify the minimum kit which a player must use, footballers generally wear identifying numbers on the backs of their shirts. Professional clubs also usually display players surnames or nicknames on their shirts, Football kit has evolved significantly since the early days of the sport when players typically wore thick cotton shirts, knickerbockers and heavy rigid leather boots. The Laws of the Game set out the equipment which must be worn by all players in Law 4. Five separate items are specified, shirt, shorts, socks, footwear, goalkeepers are allowed to wear tracksuit bottoms instead of shorts. While most players wear studded football boots, the Laws do not specify that these are required, shirts must have sleeves, and goalkeepers must wear shirts which are easily distinguishable from all other players and the match officials. Thermal undershorts may be worn, but must be the colour as the shorts themselves. Shin pads must be covered entirely by the stockings, be made of rubber, plastic or a similar material, and provide a reasonable degree of protection. The only other restriction on equipment defined in the Laws of the Game is the requirement that a player must not use equipment or wear anything that is dangerous to himself or another player. In the event of a match between teams who would wear identical or similar colours the away team must change to a different colour. The England national team plays in red shirts even when it is not required. Many professional clubs also have a kit, ostensibly to be used if both their first-choice and away colours are deemed too similar to those of an opponent. Most professional clubs have retained the basic colour scheme for several decades. Teams representing countries in international competition generally wear national colours in common with other sporting teams of the same nation, shirts are normally made of a polyester mesh, which does not trap the sweat and body heat in the same way as a shirt made of a natural fibre. Depending on local rules, there may be restrictions on how large these logos may be or on what logos may be displayed, competitions such as the Premier League may also require players to wear patches on their sleeves depicting the logo of the competition. The captain of team is usually required to wear an elasticated armband around the left sleeve to identify him as the captain to the referee. Most current players wear specialist football boots, which can be either of leather or a synthetic material. Modern boots are cut slightly below the ankles, as opposed to the high-ankled boots used in former times, studs may be either moulded directly to the sole or be detachable, normally by means of a screw thread
4.
Away colours
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Away colours are a choice of coloured clothing used in team sports. They are required to be worn by one team during a game between teams that would wear the same colours as each other, or similar colours. This change prevents confusion for officials, players, and spectators, in most sports it is the visiting team that must change – second-choice kits are commonly known as away kits or change kits in British English, and road uniforms in American English. Some sports leagues mandate that teams must always wear an alternative kit. In some sports, conventionally the home team has changed its kit, in most cases, a team wears its away kit only when its primary kit would clash with the colours of the home team. However, sometimes teams wear away colours by choice, occasionally even in a home game, at some clubs, the away kit has become more popular than the home version. Replica home and away kits are available for fans to buy. Some teams also have produced third-choice kits, or even old-fashioned throwback uniforms, in American sports, road teams usually wear a change uniform regardless of a potential colour clash. Further, almost all road uniforms are white in American football, in the National Basketball Association, home uniforms are white or yellow, and visiting teams wear a darker colour. In the United States, color vs. color games are a rarity, most teams choose to wear their color jerseys at home, with the road team changing to white in most cases. White road uniforms gained prominence with the rise of television in the 1950s, a white vs. color game was easier to follow in black-and-white. According to Phil Hecken, until the mid 1950′s, not only was color versus color common in the NFL, even long after the advent of color television, the use of white jerseys has remained in almost every game. The NFLs current rules require that a home jerseys must be either white or official team color throughout the season. If a team insists on wearing its home uniforms on the road, the road team might instead wear a third jersey, such as the Seattle Seahawks Wolf Grey alternate. According to the Gridiron Uniform Database, the Cleveland Browns wore white for home game of the 1955 season. The only times they wore brown was for games at Philadelphia and the New York Giants, in 1964 the Baltimore Colts, Browns, Vikings and Rams wore white regularly for their home games according to Tim Brulias research. The St. Louis Cardinals wore white for several of their home games, until 1964 Dallas had worn blue at home, but it was not an official rule that teams should wear their colored jerseys at home. The use of white jerseys was instigated by general manager Tex Schramm, the Cowboys still wear white at home today
5.
Third jersey
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Alternate jerseys are also a means for professional sports organizations to generate revenue, by sales to fans. Of North American sports leagues, the NFL generates $1.2 billion annually in jersey sales, another use of the alternate uniform is for identifying with causes, like the Central Coast Mariners wear an alternate pink kit on pink ribbon day. Extra alternate uniforms or fourth/fifth kits are not commonly used, but are required when teams other uniforms cause color clashes. In cases where teams have more than three kits in the same season, the extra kits were usually recycled from previous seasons. Third-choice jerseys or uniforms are used in all four North American major professional sports leagues, Third kits are commonplace in professional European association football and in some professional European rugby union clubs. Alternate guernseys or jerseys are common in Australias two biggest domestic leagues, the Australian Football League and National Rugby League, for home and away jerseys in North America, historical convention has often dictated the colors used by teams in a given league. Teams generally have one jersey which is primarily in a team color, white at home is the convention in baseball, basketball, minor league professional hockey, and college hockey. White while away is the convention in football, major professional hockey. Association football does not have a white at home or a white while away convention, the NBA and NHL both enforce the color/white rule strictly, any NHL team seeking to wear white at home must get express permission from the league office to do so. In American sports, throwback jerseys are generally used for special team games. In American football a third jersey may be a uniform based on designs the team used in the past. In association football, meanwhile, it is commonly a radically different design. Initially, the NFL rule stated that a team may wear their third only once a year. There are currently no rules on wearing alternate pants, teams are also permitted to wear alternate jerseys as often as desired in playoff games, the only team to do so was the 2008 San Diego Chargers. Some teams will use one of their third jersey allotments against a particular division opponent each year. The New York Giants were known to wear their red jerseys at home against the Dallas Cowboys until the red jerseys were retired in 2009. The Washington Redskins wear their uniform on home games to commemorate their annual homecoming game once a year since 2012. When wearing their jerseys, especially if the team is wearing a throwback uniform
6.
Soccer-specific stadium
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A soccer-specific stadium may host other sporting events and concerts, but the design and purpose of a soccer-specific stadium is primarily for soccer. Some facilities have a permanent stage at one end of the used for staging concerts. A soccer-specific stadium typically has amenities, dimensions and scale suitable for soccer in North America, including a scoreboard, video screen, luxury suites, the field dimensions are within the range found optimal by FIFA, 110–120 yards long by 70–80 yards wide. These soccer field dimensions are wider than the regulation American football field width of 53 1⁄3 yards, the playing surface typically consists of grass as opposed to artificial turf, since the latter is generally disfavored for soccer matches since players are more susceptible to injuries. However, some soccer stadiums, such as Portlands Providence Park. Lastly, the capacity is generally small enough to provide an intimate setting. Soccer-specific stadiums first came into use in the 1990s, after the multi-purpose stadium era, the term soccer-specific stadium was coined by Lamar Hunt, who financed the construction of the Columbus Crew Stadium, the first soccer specific stadium used in Major League Soccer. In the 2000s, other Major League Soccer teams in the United States began constructing their own stadiums, canadas first soccer-specific stadium was BMO Field in Toronto, home to Toronto FC. This stadium was renovated to accommodate Canadian football for the 2016, of the three Canadian cities that host both MLS and CFL teams, only one has separate stadiums for each. In 2011 Bob Lenarduzzi confirmed that the Vancouver Whitecaps are now committed to BC Place, all USL teams will be required to play in self-owned, soccer-specific stadiums by the 2020 season. The term tends to have a different meaning in these countries. Some soccer stadiums in Europe are also used for sports, including Rugby Football, American Football
7.
Seating capacity
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Seating capacity is the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, in terms of both the physical space available, and limitations set by law. Seating capacity can be used in the description of anything ranging from an automobile that seats two to a stadium that seats hundreds of thousands of people. The International Fire Code, portions of which have adopted by many jurisdictions, is directed more towards the use of a facility than the construction. It specifies, For areas having fixed seating without dividing arms and it also requires that every public venue submit a detailed site plan to the local fire code official, including details of the means of egress, seating capacity, arrangement of the seating. Once safety considerations have been satisfied, determinations of seating capacity turn on the size of the venue. For sports venues, the decision on maximum seating capacity is determined by several factors, chief among these are the primary sports program and the size of the market area. Seating capacity of venues also plays a role in what media they are able to provide, in contracting to permit performers to use a theatre or other performing space, the seating capacity of the performance facility must be disclosed. Seating capacity may influence the kind of contract to be used, the seating capacity must also be disclosed to the copyright owner in seeking a license for the copyrighted work to be performed in that venue. Venues that may be leased for private functions such as ballrooms and auditoriums generally advertise their seating capacity, seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas. The seating capacity for restaurants is reported as covers, a restaurant that can seat 99 is said to have 99 covers, seating capacity differs from total capacity, which describes the total number of people who can fit in a venue or in a vehicle either sitting or standing. Use of the term public capacity indicates that a venue is allowed to more people than it can actually seat. Again, the total number of people can refer to either the physical space available or limitations set by law
8.
Alfonso XIII of Spain
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Alfonso XIII was King of Spain from 1886 until the proclamation of the Second Republic in 1931. Alfonso was monarch from birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year, Alfonsos mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as regent until he assumed full powers on his sixteenth birthday in 1902. With the political failure of the dictatorship, Alfonso impelled a return to the democratic normality with the intention of regenerating the regime, nevertheless, it was abandoned by all political classes, as they felt betrayed by the kings support of the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. He left Spain voluntarily after the elections of April 1931. In exile, he retained his claim to the throne until 1941. Buried in Rome, his remains were not transferred until 1980 to the Pantheon of the Kings in the monastery of El Escorial, Alfonso was born in Madrid on 17 May 1886. He was the son of Alfonso XII of Spain, who had died in November 1885. The French newspaper Le Figaro described the king in 1889 as the happiest. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, served as his regent until his 16th birthday, during the regency, in 1898, Spain lost its colonial rule over Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to the United States as a result of the Spanish–American War. When he came of age in May 1902, the week of his majority was marked by festivities, bullfights, balls, by 1905, Alfonso was looking for a suitable consort. On a state visit to the United Kingdom, he stayed at Buckingham Palace with King Edward VII, there he met Princess Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg, the Scottish-born daughter of Edwards youngest sister Princess Beatrice, and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. He found her attractive, and she returned his interest, there were obstacles to the marriage. Victoria was a Protestant, and would have to become a Catholic, Victorias brother Leopold was a haemophiliac, so there was a 50 percent chance that Victoria was a carrier of the trait. Victoria was willing to change her religion, and her being a carrier was only a possibility. Maria Christina was eventually persuaded to drop her opposition, in January 1906 she wrote an official letter to Princess Beatrice proposing the match. Victoria met Maria Christina and Alfonso in Biarritz, France, later that month, in May, diplomats of both kingdoms officially executed the agreement of marriage. Alfonso and Victoria were married at the Royal Monastery of San Jerónimo in Madrid on 31 May 1906, with British royalty in attendance, including Victorias cousins the Prince, the wedding was marred by an assassination attempt on Alfonso and Victoria by Catalan anarchist Mateu Morral. As the wedding procession returned to the palace, he threw a bomb from a window which killed or injured several bystanders and members of the procession, on 10 May 1907, the couples first child, Alfonso, Prince of Asturias, was born
9.
Exhibition game
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An exhibition game is a sporting event whose prize money and impact on the players or the teams rankings is either zero or otherwise greatly reduced. In team sports, matches of this type are used to help coaches and managers select. If the players play in different teams in other leagues. The games can be held between separate teams or between parts of the same team, international competitions like the Olympic Games may also hold exhibition games as part of a demonstration sport. In the early days of football, known simply as football or soccer. However, since the development of The Football League in England in 1888, league tournaments became established, in addition to lengthy derby, since the introduction of league football, most club sides play a number of friendlies before the start of each season. Friendly football matches are considered to be non-competitive and are used to warm up players for a new season/competitive match. There is generally nothing competitive at stake and some rules may be changed or experimented with, although these events may involve sponsorship deals and the awarding of a trophy and may even be broadcast on television, there is little prestige attached to them. Frequently such games take place between a club and small clubs that play nearby, such as those between Newcastle United and Gateshead. International teams also play friendlies, generally in preparation for the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments and this is essential, since national squads generally have much less time together in which to prepare. The biggest difference between friendlies at the club and international levels is that international friendlies mostly take place during club league seasons and this has on occasion led to disagreement between national associations and clubs as to the availability of players, who could become injured or fatigued in a friendly. Players can be booked in international friendlies, and can be suspended from international matches based on red cards or accumulated yellows in a specified period. Caps and goals scored also count towards a players career records, in the UK and Ireland, exhibition match and friendly match refer to two different types of matches. A bounce game is generally a non-competitive football match played between two sides usually as part of an exercise or to give players match practice. Managers may also use bounce games as an opportunity to observe a player in action before offering a contract, usually these games are played on a training ground rather than in a stadium with no spectators in attendance. Exhibition fights were common in boxing. Jack Dempsey fought many exhibition bouts after retiring, joe Louis fought a charity fight on his rematch with Buddy Baer, but this was not considered an exhibition as it was for Louis world Heavyweight title. Muhammad Ali fought many exhibitions, including one with Lyle Alzado, in more modern times, Mike Tyson, Julio Cesar Chavez Sr. and Jorge Castro have been involved in exhibition fights
10.
Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa
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Cultural y Deportiva Leonesa, is a Spanish football team based in León, in the autonomous community of Castile and León. Founded in 1923 it currently plays in Segunda División B – Group 1, holding home games at Estadio Reino de León, ahead of the 2014–15 season, the club released a kit designed to look like a tuxedo. The kit, which attracted attention in the media and social networking sites, was worn in a pre-season charity match in support of local charities for mining families. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality, note, this list includes players that have appeared in at least 100 league games and/or have reached international status. Miguel Ángel Rubio Júpiter Leonés is the team of the club. Founded in 1929, later known as Cultural de León and finally changed to its current name Cultural, after the 2009–10, the team was dissolved after Cultural was relegated to Tercera División due to its debts. In 2014, it was re-founded as the team and after two promotions it currently plays in the fifth tier. Official website Futbolme team profile Unofficial website Club & Stadium History at Estadios de España
11.
La Liga
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The Primera División, commonly known as La Liga and as La Liga Santander for sponsorship reasons, is the top professional association football division of the Spanish football league system. A total of 60 teams have competed in La Liga since its inception, nine teams have been crowned champions, with Real Madrid winning the title a record 32 times and Barcelona 24 times. Real Madrid dominated the championship from the 1950s through the 1980s, from the 1990s onwards, Barcelona and Real Madrid both dominated, though La Liga also saw other champions, including Atlético Madrid, Valencia, and Deportivo de La Coruña. In more recent years, Atlético Madrid has joined a coalition of now three teams dominating La Liga alongside Real Madrid and Barcelona. Its clubs have won the most UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, UEFA Super Cup, and FIFA Club World Cup titles, and its players have accumulated the highest number of Ballon dOr awards. La Liga is one of the most popular sports leagues in the world. The competition format follows the usual double round-robin format, during the course of a season, which lasts from August to May, each club plays every other club twice, once at home and once away, for a total of 38 matchdays. Teams receive three points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss, teams are ranked by total points, with the highest-ranked club at the end of the season crowned champion. A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Primera División and the Segunda División, the top teams in La Liga qualify for the UEFA Champions League. The first, second, and third placed teams enter the group stage. Teams placed fifth and sixth play in the UEFA Europa League, if both teams in the cup final finish in the top six, an additional berth in the Europa League is given to the team that finishes in seventh. In April 1927, José María Acha, a director at Arenas Club de Getxo, first proposed the idea of a national league in Spain. After much debate about the size of the league and who would take part, Real Madrid, Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao, Real Sociedad, Arenas Club de Getxo and Real Unión were all selected as previous winners of the Copa del Rey. Atlético Madrid, Espanyol and Europa qualified as Copa del Rey runners-up, only three of the founding clubs, Real Madrid, Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao, have never been relegated from the Primera División. They were also runners-up in 1932 and 1933, in 1935, Real Betis, then known as Betis Balompié, won their only title to date. Primera División was suspended during the Spanish Civil War, in 1937, the teams in the Republican area of Spain, with the notable exception of the two Madrid clubs, competed in the Mediterranean League and Barcelona emerged as champions. Seventy years later, on 28 September 2007, Barcelona requested the RFEF to recognise that title as a Liga title and this action was taken after RFEF was asked to recognise Levante FCs Copa de la España Libre win as equivalent to Copa del Rey trophy. Nevertheless, the body of Spanish football has not made an outright decision yet
12.
Real Madrid C.F.
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Real Madrid Club de Fútbol, commonly known as Real Madrid, or simply as Real outside Spain frontiers, is a professional football club based in Madrid, Spain. Founded in 1902 as Madrid Football Club, the team has worn a white home kit since inception. The word Real is Spanish for Royal and was bestowed to the club by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the crown in the emblem. The team has played its matches in the 85, 454-capacity Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947. Unlike most European sporting entities, Real Madrids members have owned and operated the club throughout its history. The club was estimated to be worth €3.24 billion in 2015, the club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world. Real Madrid is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never relegated from the top division, along with Athletic Bilbao. The club holds many long-standing rivalries, most notably El Clásico with Barcelona, Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s, winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times. This success was replicated in the league, where the club won five times in the space of seven years. In domestic football, the club has won a record 32 La Liga titles,19 Copa del Rey, nine Supercopa de España, a Copa Eva Duarte, and a Copa de la Liga. Real Madrid was recognised as the FIFA Club of the 20th Century on 23 December 2000, the club received the FIFA Centennial Order of Merit in 2004. The club is ranked first in the latest IFFHS Club World Ranking, setting a new ranking-points record, the club also leads the current UEFA club rankings. They founded Football Club Sky in 1897, playing on Sunday mornings at Moncloa and it split into two clubs in 1900, New Foot-Ball de Madrid and Madrid Football Club. On 6 March 1902, after a new Board presided by Juan Padrós had been elected, three years after its foundation, in 1905, Madrid FC won its first title after defeating Athletic Bilbao in the Spanish Cup final. The club became one of the sides of the Royal Spanish Football Federation on 4 January 1909. After moving between grounds the team moved to the Campo de ODonnell in 1912, in 1920, the clubs name was changed to Real Madrid after King Alfonso XIII granted the title of Real to the club. In 1929, the first Spanish football league was founded, Real Madrid led the first league season until the last match, a loss to Athletic Bilbao, meant they finished runners-up to Barcelona. Real Madrid won its first League title in the 1931–32 season, Real won the League again the following year, becoming the first team to have won the championship twice
13.
Celta de Vigo
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Real Club Celta de Vigo, or simply Celta Vigo or sometimes just Celta, is a Spanish professional football club based in Vigo, Galicia, currently playing in the La Liga. It was founded on 23 August 1923 following the merger of Real Vigo Sporting, nicknamed Os Celestes, they play in sky blue shirts and socks along with white shorts. The clubs home stadium is Balaídos, which seats 29,000 spectators, celtas name is derived from the Celts who were once present in the region. Its main rival is fellow Galician club Deportivo de La Coruña, Celta have never won the league title nor Copa del Rey, although it has reached the final three times in the latter. One of the teams best seasons was 1970–71, when they finished unbeaten at home and were known as the giant-killers, Celta came sixth that season and qualified for the UEFA Cup for the first time. More recently, the finished in their best-ever position of fourth in 2002–03, qualifying for the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League. Celta de Vigo was formed as a result of the ambition of Vigos teams to more at national level. The idea was to both teams to create a more powerful team at national level. The standard-bearer of this movement was Manuel de Castro Handicap, a writer for the Faro de Vigo who, from 1915. The slogan of his movement was Todo por y para Vigo and it was backed unanimously when De Castro himself presented the motion at the assembly of the Royal Spanish Football Federation in Madrid on 22 June 1923. On 12 July 1923, at the general meetings of Vigo and Fortuna held at the Odeon Theatre and in the Hotel Moderno, respectively. Thus the Team of Galicia was born, as it was dubbed, in the last AGM of Fortuna and Vigo to approve the formation of a new club held on 10 August 1923, the members decided upon the teams name. Various names suggested include Real Unión de Vigo, Club Galicia, Real Atlántic, Breogán, the latter name was popular, but they eventually decided on Real Club Celta, an ethnic race linked to Galicia. The first president of Celta was Manuel Bárcena de Andrés, the Count of Torre Cedeira, the club would qualify for the 2003–04 UEFA Champions League eventually going out in the last 16 to Arsenal 5-2 on aggregate. Celta had a reversal of fortune in 2003–04. In the previous season, they finished fourth in the league, Celta entered the group phase after eliminating Slavia Prague, and eventually reached the last 16 before being knocked out by Arsenal. However, their form was disastrous, finishing second-to-last in La Liga. Although the squad was heavily dismantled following the demotion, Celta earned a return to the top flight after finishing second in 2004–05
14.
Universidad de Las Palmas CF
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Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Club de Fútbol was a Spanish football team based in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, in the Canary Islands. Founded in 1994 as Vegueta-Universidad, it was dissolved in 2011 due to economic problems. It acted as the club of University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Universidad was founded in 1994, following interactions between lawyers and college students. It first began playing football, under the name Vegueta-Universidad. After two promotions in two years, the club played in the second level in 2000–01, being relegated immediately. During the campaign, Universidad played at Maspalomas, as its grounds were only artificial then, at the end of the 2010–11 season, Universidad was relegated to the fourth level for failing to pay its players. On 7 July 2011, the club was dissolved due to its enormous debts,1 season in Segunda División 12 seasons in Segunda División B1 season in Tercera División 3 seasons in Categorías Regionales Universidad de Las Palmas CF B, reserve team
15.
Penalty shoot-out (association football)
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A penalty shoot-out is a method of determining the winner of an association football match that is drawn after the regulation as well as extra playing time. Although the procedure for taking kicks from the penalty mark resembles that of a penalty kick, most notably, neither the kicker nor any player other than the goalkeeper may play the ball again once it has been kicked. The method of breaking a draw in a match requiring a winner is determined beforehand by the organizing body. Although employed in football commonly since the 1970s, penalty shoot-outs remain unpopular with some, during a shoot-out, coaches, players other than the kicker and the goalkeepers must remain in the centre circle. The kicking teams goalkeeper stands at the intersection of the goal line, goals scored during the shoot-out are not included in the final score, nor are they added to the goalscoring records of the players involved. A tie is a result in football. Exceptionally, a shoot-out after a league or round-robin match may be provided for and this provision appears for occasions where opposing teams in a final-day match finish the group with identical records, which can result in an immediate shoot-out. This happened in Group A of the 2003 UEFA Womens Under-19 Championship, several leagues, such as the J-League, have experimented with penalty shoot-outs immediately following a drawn league match, with the winner being awarded an extra point. A team that loses a penalty shoot-out is eliminated from the tournament but it does not count as a defeat, for instance, the Netherlands are considered to have concluded the 2014 FIFA World Cup undefeated, despite being eliminated at the semi-final stage. The following is a summary of the procedure for kicks from the penalty mark, the procedure is specified in Law 10 of the IFABs Laws of the Game document. The referee tosses a coin to decide the goal at which the kicks will be taken, the choice of goal by the coin toss winner may only be changed by the referee for safety reasons or if the goal or playing surface becomes unusable. The referee tosses the coin a second time to determine which team will take the first kick, all players other than the kicker and the goalkeepers must remain in the pitchs centre circle. Each kick will be taken in the manner of a penalty kick. Each kick will be taken from the penalty mark, which is 12 yards from the line and equidistant from each touch line. Each team is responsible for selecting from the players the order in which they will take the kicks. The referee is not informed of the order, each kicker can kick the ball only once per attempt. Once kicked, the kicker may not play the ball again, no other player on either team, other than the designated kicker and goalkeeper, may touch the ball. The ball may touch the goalkeeper, goal posts, or crossbar any number of times before going into the goal as long as the referee believes the motion is the result of the initial kick
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Granada CF
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Granada Club de Fútbol (Spanish pronunciation, or simply Granada CF, is a Spanish football club based in Granada, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded on 14 April 1931, it plays in La Liga. Granada was the third Andalusian football team after Betis and Sevilla to compete in La Liga, the team is located at position 24 of the historical points classification of the First Division, where it has participated in 20 seasons and achieved 6th place twice. Granada was Copa del Rey runner-up in 1959, Granada Club de Fútbol was founded on 14 April 1931, originally as Recreativo de Granada, the first president was Julio López Fernández. The first football match was played against Deportivo Jaén, which resulted in a 2–1 victory, the first goal in the match, and in the clubs history, was scored by Antonio Bombillar. In the 1931–32 season, the won the Tercera Regional – Región Sur championship. After several promotions, in 1941–42 the club made its La Liga debut, in 1959 Granada achieved its greatest sports landmark, being runner-up of the Copa del Generalísimo. In the final, played at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, the team lost to Barcelona 4–1. In the 1980s, Granada had some appearances in the second division. After four seasons in the division, former Real Madrid president Lorenzo Sanz, along with his son Paco. With their help, the Andalusian side was promoted to the third category. In 2006–07, Granada played in Group IV of the level after four seasons in Tercera. Three years later, in July 2009, the club was in financial difficulty that it was on the brink of closing. At the end of the season, Granada won its group then promoted in the play-offs, in 2010–11, Granada finished in fifth position, with most of the players loaned by Udinese still on board. Back in the top-flight after such an absence, it was always going to be difficult. By the end of the 2011–12 season, Granada managed to survive though, players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules, players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. After its foundation, the team played its matches at Campo de Las Tablas
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Lucena CF
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Lucena Club de Fútbol, S. A. D. is a Spanish football team based in Lucena, Córdoba, in the autonomous community of Andalusia. Founded in 1968 it plays in Tercera División – Group 10, holding home games at Ciudad Deportiva de Lucena, Lucena Club de Fútbol was founded in 1968. It was originally named Atlético Lucentino Industrial Club de Fútbol, receiving its current name in 2006, on 29 December 2015, the club resigned to continue playing in the 2015–16 edition of the Tercera División championship. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality, official website Exclusive Lucena Cf website Futbolme team profile
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CD Tenerife
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Club Deportivo Tenerife, S. A. D. is a Spanish football club based in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Tenerife, in the Canary Islands. Founded in 1912, it plays in Segunda División, holding home matches at the Estadio Heliodoro Rodríguez López, with a 23. Club Deportivo Tenerife was founded in 1912 as Sporting Club Tenerife, the club changed its name to Club Deportivo Tenerife in 1922. La Liga started in 1928, but the played in regional divisions until it was promoted to Segunda División in 1953. In 1985, when Tenerife were relegated to the division for a second time. The side was promoted this year to the level and. In 1991, Jorge Valdano took charge of the club as manager, german Jupp Heynckes became coach of Tenerife in 1995, leading the club to another fifth position and the quarter-finals of the domestic cup. In the 1996–97 UEFA Cup the islanders fared better, reaching the last-four after defeating Maccabi Tel Aviv, Lazio, Feyenoord and Brøndby, Tenerife then went on a downward spiral which eventually led to relegation to the silver category in 1999, prompting various managerial changes within the club. Pepe Mel became the new trainer but the first division season never took off, as Tenerife were beaten heavily at home by Barcelona 0–6, Javier Clemente, formerly with the Spain national team, took the reins, but could not help prevent the eventual immediate relegation. Tenerife suffered from economic problems in the following years, owing more than €40 million. On 13 June 2009, Tenerife secured a top flight return after a seven-year absence after a 1–0 win at Girona, in the following season, even though the team held on until the last round, another relegation befell, after the 0–1 loss at third-placed Valencia. 2010–11 brought with it three coaching changes, as Tenerife eventually suffered relegation, returning to the third division after 24 years. On 2 June 2013, the club, led by Álvaro Cervera, players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules, players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules, players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Fans of Tenerife are called Chicharreros because in early days, the inhabitants of a fishing village called Santa Cruz consumed chicharros as a main part of their diet. Other inhabitants of Tenerife and Canary Islands used the moniker as a pejorative name, CD Tenerife B Official website Futbolme. com profile Armada Sur, fansite Frente Blanquiazul, fansite
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Girona FC
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Girona Futbol Club, S. A. D. is a Spanish football team based in Girona, in the autonomous community of Catalonia. Founded on 23 July 1930 it plays in Segunda División, holding home games at Estadi Montilivi, the club also has youth and amateur womens teams for competition. On 23 July 1930, in the cafè Norat in La Rambla of Girona, Girona Fútbol Club was founded upon the disappearance of Unió Esportiva Girona for economic reasons. In 1968 Estadi Montilivi began being built, with matches being held there on a permanent basis from 1970 onwards. In the following decades Girona alternated between the third and the division, even spending three seasons in the regional championships. On 16 June 2008, after defeating Ceuta 1–0 in the play–offs, in 2011 Girona created a reserve team, having previously grown a natural grass pitch in Palau. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality, note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality, note, Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality, Girona FC B CF Riudellots Official website Futbolme team profile BDFutbol team profile
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Copa del Rey
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The Copa del Rey is an annual football cup competition for Spanish football teams. Its full name is Campeonato de España - Copa de Su Majestad el Rey de Fútbol, the competition was founded in 1903, thus making it the oldest Spanish football competition. Typically, the winner of Copa del Rey goes to the UEFA Europa League, Barcelona are the current holders, who won their 28th Copa del Rey against Sevilla at the 2016 Copa del Rey Final held at the Vicente Calderón Stadium. Four other teams joined Madrid FC for the competition, FC Barcelona, Club Español de Foot-Ball, New Foot-Ball de Madrid and that cup is on display in the Athletic Bilbao museum and the club includes the victory in its honours list. Nevertheless, it is considered only the forerunner of the Copa del Rey, Copa del Rey was Spains football National Championship from 1903 until the foundation of the Campeonato de Liga — League Championship — in 1928. It was initially known as the Copa del Ayuntamiento de Madrid, between 1905 and 1932, it was known as the Copa de Su Majestad El Rey Alfonso XIII. Athletic Bilbao were declared winners in 1904 after their opponents Español de Madrid failed to show up. In 1937, during the Spanish Civil War, clubs in the Republican area of Spain entered the Copa de la España Libre, because of the dispute regarding the 1902 competition, the statistics regarding the leading winners are also disputed. Barcelona have won the Copa 28 times, Athletic Bilbao are just behind, with either 24 or 23 titles, throughout the history of the competition, there have been 12 actual trophies. Trophies have been awarded to clubs for winning the competition either three times in a row or on five separate occasions and for other special reasons. Thus, four trophies have been awarded to Barcelona, three to Bilbao and one to Real Madrid. In December 2010, the cup was given to Sevilla, the 2010 winners, before the formation of La Liga in 1929, the competition was effectively a national championship. Teams qualified to enter via their regional leagues, over the years, various formats, including group stages have been used. Unlike the English FA Cup, entry is limited, only teams from the Primera División, Segunda A, about 23 teams from the Segunda B and the Tercera División champions are invited to enter. The early rounds are one-off games with teams from the lower divisions given home advantage, the round of 32, the round of 16, the quarter-finals, and semi-finals are played over two legs. The final is a game played at a neutral venue. The winners qualify for both the Supercopa de España and the UEFA Europa League the following season. There had been a precedent for this, Real Madrid were allowed to keep the last Copa de la República, Sevilla, the first Copa del Generalísimo and, Atlético Madrid, a new trophy was made by Madrid jeweller Federico Alegre
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