1.
SEC TV
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SEC TV was a syndicated package featuring live broadcasts of college football and basketball events from the Southeastern Conference. It was owned and operated by ESPN Plus and shown in more than 50 percent of households in the United States, SEC TVs football games typically aired in the noon eastern slot that was former home to the Jefferson-Pilot/Raycom Sports SEC game of the week. Games were shown locally on broadcast stations, regional networks, as well as on ESPN GamePlan, ESPN Full Court. SEC TV was replaced with a 24-hour cable network devoted to the conference, also named SEC Network, the first SEC televised game by the syndicated SEC Network was the Tennessee Volunteers football teams 63-7 blowout win over the WKU Hilltoppers on September 5,2009. Dave Neal and Andre Ware were the commentators, and Cara Capuano was the sideline reporter. Unlike Jefferson-Pilot/Raycom Sports, SEC TV also carried some regular season Womens basketball games in syndication on Sunday afternoons during basketball season, SEC TV was available through 102 over-the-air television stations in the now-11-state SEC footprint, and beyond into the rest of the United States. Game telecast by SEC TV was also available through seven regional sports networks serving areas outside the SEC footprint, in addition, SEC TVs broadcasts were also made available via ESPN GamePlan, ESPN Full Court, and ESPN3. S. Markets without a station carrying SEC TV in their home area, in 2013, with the announcement that ESPN would be launching an SEC cable network under the same name in 2014, SEC Network was re-branded as SEC TV on September 7,2013. The syndication package was duly canceled following the 2013 football season, Dave Neal Carter Blackburn Dave Baker Andre Ware Mark Gottfried Dave Lamont Clay Matvick Cara Capuano Kara Lawson Barry Booker Kyle Macy Joe Dean, Jr. Markets without an SEC TV broadcast partner accessed the broadcasts via Regional sports networks, in terms of market size, the only media market without an SEC TV partner was the New York City area. The following channels carried SEC TV, ESPN College Football ESPN College Basketball SECDigitalNetwork. com - Official Website
2.
ESPN Inc.
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ESPN Inc. is an American sports media conglomerate based in Bristol, Connecticut. ESPN markets itself as the Worldwide Leader in Sports, most programming on ESPN networks consist of live or tape-delayed sporting events, sports news programming, sports talk shows, and original series and documentaries. In August 2016, Disney purchased a 1/3 stake in BAMTech for $1 billion from MLB Advanced Media with the option to purchase a majority share, Disney purchased the stake to first develop a ESPN subscription streaming service. The service would not include any current ESPN channel or its content, ESPN ESPN International ESPN2 ESPN Australia ESPN Brasil ESPNews ESPN Classic ESPN PPV CTV Specialty Television/The Sports Network, Inc. TSN – five feeds RDS RDS2 RDS Info ESPN Classic Canada Through CTV Specialty Television, ESPN launched a domestic channel in the United Kingdom after acquiring a portion of the local rights package to the Premier League alongside Sky Sports, replacing the collapsing Setanta Sports. The contract lasted from the 2009-10 season to the 2012-13 season, however, by 2012, the network had begun to lose many of its key sports rights, including the Premier League, to BT Group. On January 25,2013, ESPN reached a deal to sell its business in the United Kingdom and Ireland, including ESPN Americas programming rights. The ESPN channel in the United Kingdom was placed under the control of BT Sport, while ESPN Classic, ESPN continues to operate digital properties targeting the United Kingdom, including its ESPN. co. uk, ESPN FC, ESPNcricinfo, and ESPNscrum websites. Two years later, ESPN reached a deal with BT Sport for British rights to ESPN original programming. ESPY Awards ESPN The Magazine The ESPN Sports Poll ESPN Broadband ESPN Books ESPNU
3.
The Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
4.
Hearst Communications
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Hearst Communications, often referred to as simply Hearst, is an American mass media and business information conglomerate. The Hearst company is based in the Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan and it was founded by William Randolph Hearst as an owner of newspapers, and the Hearst family remains involved in its ownership and management. Under William Randolph Hearsts will, a board of thirteen trustees administers the Hearst Foundation, the William Randolph Hearst Foundation. The foundations shared ownership until tax law changed to prevent this, Frank A. Bennack Jr. former chief executive officer and executive vice chairman of the corporation John G. Conomikes, former executive of the corporation Gilbert C. In 1880, George Hearst, mining entrepreneur, American publisher, on March 4,1887, he turned the Examiner over to his son, 23-year-old William Randolph Hearst. He pushed his staff to write exciting stories, and wrote editorials worded with force. Within a few years, the new Examiner was a success, in 1895, Hearst purchased the New York Journal, laying the foundation for one of the major newspaper dynasties in American history. He established Hearsts Chicago American in 1900, renamed the morning edition of the New York Journal as the New York American in 1901, the Los Angeles Examiner was launched in 1903 followed by the Boston American one year later. Hearst experimented with every aspect of publishing, from page layouts to editorial crusades. His newspapers introduced innovations such as presses, halftone photographs on newsprint, comic sections printed in color. Stories by Hearst correspondents from around the world were sold to newspapers, giving rise to the Hearst International News Service. In 1903, Hearst Magazines was begun with the publication of Motor magazine, within the next 10 years Hearst acquired several popular titles, starting in 1905 with Cosmopolitan and Good Housekeeping in 1911. Also in 1911, Hearst bought a middling monthly magazine called World To-Day, in June 1914, its title was shortened to Hearsts, and it was ultimately retitled Hearsts International in May 1922. In 1953 Hearst Magazines bought Sports Afield magazine which it kept until 1999 when it was sold to Robert E. Petersen, Hearst began producing film feature in the mid-1910s, creating one of the earliest animation studios, the International Film Service. Hearst established Cosmopolitan Pictures in the 1920s, distributing his films under the newly created Metro Goldwyn Mayer, in 1929, Hearst and MGM created the Hearst Metrotone newsreels. In order to spare serious cutbacks at San Simeon, Hearst merged Hearsts International magazine with Cosmopolitan effective March 1925, Hearst died in 1951, and the Hearsts International disappeared from the magazine cover altogether in April 1952. In the 1920s and 1930s, Hearst owned the biggest media conglomerate in the world, in 1924 he also merged his Milwaukee operations with the Pfister family, owners of The Milwaukee Sentinel. Hearst owned the evening Wisconsin News while the Pfisters kept the Sentinel adding Hearsts features from the now-folded Telegram, in 1925, Hearst sold the Syracuse Telegram to the owners of the Syracuse Journal, while selling the New York Mirror in 1928
5.
720p
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720p is a progressive HDTV signal format with 720 horizontal lines and an aspect ratio of 16,9, normally known as widescreen HDTV. The number 720 stands for the 720 horizontal scan lines of display resolution. The p stands for progressive scan, i. e. non-interlaced, when broadcast at 60 frames per second, 720p features the highest temporal resolution possible under the ATSC and DVB standards. The term assumes a widescreen ratio of 16,9. 720i is a term found in numerous sources and publications. Typically, it is an error in which the author is referring to the 720p HDTV format. However, in cases it is incorrectly presented as an actual alternative format to 720p. No proposed or existing broadcast standard permits 720 interlaced lines in a frame at any frame rate. Progressive scanning reduces the need to prevent flicker by anti-aliasing single high contrast horizontal lines and it is also easier to perform high-quality 50↔60 Hz conversion and slow-motion clips with progressive video. A 720p60 video has advantage over 480i and 1080i60 in that it reduces the number of 3,2 artifacts introduced during transfer from 24 frame/s film. However, 576i and 1080i50, which are common in Europe, generally do not suffer from pull down artifacts as film frames are simply played at 25 frames and the audio pitch corrected by 25/24ths. As a result, 720p60 is used for U. S. broadcasts while European HD broadcasts often use 1080i50 24* frame, arte, a dual-language French-German channel produced in collaboration by ARD, ZDF and France Télévisions, broadcasts in German at 720p50 but in French at 1080i50. EBU Technical paper on HDTV formats
6.
Letterboxing (filming)
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Letterboxing is the practice of transferring film shot in a widescreen aspect ratio to standard-width video formats while preserving the films original aspect ratio. The resulting videographic image has mattes above and below it, these mattes are part of the image, LBX or LTBX are the identifying abbreviations for films and images so formatted. The term refers to the shape of a box, a slot in a wall or door through which mail is delivered, being rectangular. Letterboxing is used as an alternative to a full-screen, pan-and-scan transfer of a film image to videotape or videodisc. This was often done for letterbox widescreen anime on VHS, though the practice of hiding subtitles within the lower matte also is done with symmetrical mattes, albeit with less space available. The placing of soft subtitles within the picture or matte varies according to the DVD player being used, the first use of letterbox in consumer video appeared with the RCA Capacitance Electronic Disc videodisc format. Initially, letterboxing was limited to several key sequences of a such as opening and closing credits. The first fully letterboxed CED release was Amarcord in 1984, and several others followed including The Long Goodbye, Monty Python, each disc contains a label noting the use of RCAs innovative wide-screen mastering technique. In some continents such as North America, almost all VHS titles were released in pan-and-scan versions. However, most later Laserdiscs and some VHS releases were released in their original widescreen versions, some DVD releases of films are in full screen only, due to whatever existing master is available or basing on what format demographics prefer to see on a certain title. In other territories, such as Europe and Asia, widescreen versions of films on VHS and Laserdisc were much more common in those territories and this is more apparent in pan-and-scanned movies that remain entirely on the center area of the film image. The term SmileBox is a trademark used to describe a type of letterboxing for Cinerama films. The image is produced with 3D mapping technology to approximate a curved screen, some titles that were previously released in full screen only on VHS and DVD are now being issued in their original widescreen ratio on recent DVDs and Blu-rays. Digital broadcasting allows 1.78,1 widescreen format transmissions without losing resolution, most television programming in the United States, Britain and France is in standard-definition 16,9 and is transmitted in anamorphic format on digital platforms. When using a 4,3 television, it is possible to display such programming in either a letterbox format or in a 4,3 centre-cut format. A letterboxed 14,9 compromise ratio was often broadcast in analogue transmissions in European countries making the transition from 4,3 to 16,9. Current high-definition television systems use video displays with an aspect ratio than older television sets. In addition to films produced for the cinema, some programming is produced in high definition
7.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
8.
Charlotte, North Carolina
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Charlotte /ˈʃɑːrlət/ is the largest city in the state of North Carolina. It is the county seat of Mecklenburg County and the second-largest city in the southeastern United States, just behind Jacksonville, Charlotte is the third-fastest growing major city in the United States. In 2014 the estimated population of Charlotte according to the U. S. Census Bureau was 809,958, the Charlotte metropolitan area ranks 22nd-largest in the U. S. and had a 2014 population of 2,380,314. The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2014 U. S. Census population estimate of 2,537,990, residents of Charlotte are referred to as Charlotteans. It is listed as a global city by the Globalization. Charlotte Douglas International Airport is an international hub, and was ranked the 23rd-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in 2013. Charlotte has a subtropical climate. The city is located several miles east of the Catawba River and southeast of Lake Norman, Lake Wylie and Mountain Island Lake are two smaller man-made lakes located near the city. The Catawba Native Americans were the first to settle Mecklenburg County and were first recorded in European records around 1567, by 1759 half the Catawba tribe had been killed by smallpox. At the time of their largest population, Catawba people numbered 10,000, Mecklenburg County was initially part of Bath County of New Hanover Precinct, which became New Hanover County in 1729. The western portion of New Hanover split into Bladen County in 1734, Mecklenburg County formed from Anson County in 1762. Further apportionment was made in 1792, with Cabarrus County formed from Mecklenburg and these areas were all part of one of the original six judicial/military districts of North Carolina known as the Salisbury District. The area that is now Charlotte was settled by people of European descent around 1755, Thomas Polk, who later married Thomas Spratts daughter, built his house by the intersection of two Native American trading paths between the Yadkin and Catawba rivers. One path ran north–south and was part of the Great Wagon Road, within decades of Polks settling, the area grew to become Charlotte Town, incorporating in 1768. The crossroads, perched atop the Piedmont landscape, became the heart of Uptown Charlotte, in 1770, surveyors marked the streets in a grid pattern for future development. The east–west trading path became Trade Street, and the Great Wagon Road became Tryon Street, in honor of William Tryon, the intersection of Trade and Tryon—commonly known today as Trade & Tryon, or simply The Square—is more properly called Independence Square. While surveying the boundary between the Carolinas in 1772, William Moultrie stopped in Charlotte Town, whose five or six houses were very ordinary built of logs, local leaders came together in 1775 and signed the Mecklenburg Resolves, more popularly known as the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. While not a declaration of independence from British rule, it is among the first such declarations that eventually led to the American Revolution
9.
ESPN
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ESPN is a U. S. -based global cable and satellite sports television channel owned by ESPN Inc. a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation. ESPN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located in Bristol, Connecticut, the network also operates offices in Miami, New York City, Seattle, Charlotte, and Los Angeles. John Skipper currently serves as president of ESPN, a position he has held since January 1,2012, as of February 2015, ESPN is available to approximately 94,396,000 paid television households in the United States. In 2011, ESPNs history and rise was chronicled by These Guys Have All the Fun, Bill Rasmussen conceived the concept of ESPN in late May 1978, after he was fired from his job with the World Hockey Associations New England Whalers. One of the first steps in Bill and his son Scotts process was finding land to build the channels broadcasting facilities, the Rasmussens first rented office space in Plainville, Connecticut. However, the plan to base ESPN there was put on hold because a local ordinance prohibiting buildings from bearing rooftop satellite dishes and this helped the credibility of the fledgling company, however there were still many doubters to the viability of their sports channel concept. ESPN launched on September 7,1979, beginning with the first telecast of what would become the flagship program. Taped in front of a live audience inside the Bristol studios. ESPNs next big break came when the acquired the rights to broadcast coverage of the early rounds of the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament. It first aired the NCAA tournament in March 1980, creating the modern day television event known as March Madness. The channels tournament coverage also launched the career of Dick Vitale. In April of that year, ESPN created another made-for-TV spectacle, the next major stepping stone for ESPN came over the course of a couple of months in 1984. During this time period, the American Broadcasting Company purchased 100% of ESPN from the Rasmussens, for years, the NFL, NBA and Major League Baseball refused to consider cable as a means of broadcasting some of their games. However, with the backing of ABC, ESPNs ability to compete for major sports contracts greatly increased, later in 1984, the U. S. ESPNs Sunday Night Football games would become the highest-rated NFL telecasts for the next 17 years. In 1992, ESPN launched ESPN Radio, a sports talk radio network providing analysis. It became the fastest growing cable channel in the U. S. during the 1990s, ownership of ABC, and in effect control of ESPN, was acquired first by Capital Cities Communications in 1985, and then by The Walt Disney Company in 1996. In 2012, ESPN generated more revenue for Disney than any of its other properties combined, alongside its live sports broadcasts, ESPN also airs a variety of sports highlight, talk, and documentary-styled shows. 30 for 30 started airing in 2009 and continues airing to this day, each episode is through the eyes of a well known filmmaker and has featured some of the biggest directors in Hollywood
10.
ESPNU
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The channel is primarily dedicated to coverage of college athletics, and is also used as an additional outlet for general ESPN programming. ESPNU is based alongside ESPN Events at its headquarters in Charlotte, as of February 2015, ESPNU is available to approximately 73,594,000 pay television households in the United States. The network was launched on March 4,2005, with its first broadcast originating from the site of Gallagher-Iba Arena on the Oklahoma State University campus in Stillwater, Oklahoma. The networks first live event was a game of the Ohio Valley Conference mens basketball tournament between Southeast Missouri State University and Eastern Kentucky University. The network was launched as a response to rival College Sports Television, ESPN was also being investigated by the U. S. ESPN and XOS Technologies entered into a partnership for college athletics websites to compete directly with CSTVs growing internet presence. On August 28,2006, ESPNU launched a new SportsCenter spin-off focusing entirely on college sports, the program, SportsCenterU, was originally scheduled to be broadcast from ESPNs headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut, however ESPN instead chose to originate the show from Charlotte. Mike Hall was the lead anchor until August 2007, when he left for the new Big Ten Network. He was replaced by Mike Gleason and Lowell Galindo, the two are joined on-set by color commentators that vary depending on the sports season. The same day as SportsCenterUs debut, ESPNU launched the website ESPNU. com, the site included live streaming of college sports events, a multi-media player dedicated to college sports, podcasts and ESPN Motion clips of studio programming from the ESPNU television network. In addition to its sports coverage, ESPNU has simulcast ESPN Radios midday program over its airwaves since 2008. The program airing for the majority of time was The Herd with Colin Cowherd. Following Cowherds departure and several weeks of guest hosts taking over the timeslot, ESPNU was added to most Comcast systems in time for the start of the 2009–10 college football season. This ended several years of negotiations and somewhat of a feud between Comcast and ESPN over carriage of ESPNU, cablevision added ESPNU to its systems on March 23,2010. ESPN announced that the trial was a success and, although the channels are no longer available to Brazilians, ESPNU is carried on PlayStation Vue and Sling TV. The lawsuit claims ESPN violated the Most Favored Nations clause and we will not renegotiate settled contracts and will vigorously defend this legal action, the apparent sole purpose of which is to get a better deal. Dish Network moved the channel from its Classic Gold 250 package to its Classic Bronze 100 package on September 30,2009, however, it claimed that the move had nothing to do with the lawsuit
11.
DirecTV
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DirecTV is an American direct broadcast satellite service provider based in El Segundo, California and is a subsidiary of AT&T. Its satellite service, launched on June 17,1994, transmits digital television and audio to households in the United States, Latin America. Its primary competitors are Dish Network and cable television providers, DirecTV provides television and audio services to subscribers through satellite transmissions. Services include the equivalent of local television stations, broadcast television networks, subscription television services, satellite radio services. Subscribers have access to hundreds of channels, so its competitors are cable television service, most subscribers use reception antennas which are much smaller than the first generation antennas, which were typically a few yards across. Advances in antenna technology, including fractal antennas, have allowed a reduction in antenna size across all industries. Receiving equipment includes a dish, an integrated receiver/decoder and a DirecTV access card. Consumers who purchase DirecTV subscribe to various packages of DirecTV programming for which the subscriber pays a monthly fee, additional monthly fees may include a protection plan, DVR, additional receivers, HD channels, and other premium channel packages. A subscriber also can order pay-per-view and video on demand events, all programming distributed by DirecTV is delivered to its broadcast centers in Castle Rock, Colorado, and Los Angeles, where it is then digitized and compressed. The resulting signal is encrypted by DirecTV to prevent its unauthorized reception, DirecTV then transmits these signals to several satellites located in geostationary orbit. As of the quarter ended September 30,2012, DirecTV U. S. had 19.981 million subscribers, for the same period, DirecTV Latin America ended with 9.666 million subscribers and revenues of US$1.577 billion. In addition to serving residences, DirecTV offers service to bars, restaurants, hotels, dorms, the company also offered mobile service for cars, boats, and RVs as well as aircraft in cooperation with Connexion by Boeing. On November 30,2016, DirecTV Now, an internet streaming TV service was launched, in 1953, Howard Hughes created the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, to which he transferred full ownership of Hughes Aircraft. Ostensibly created as a medical research foundation, HHMI was accused of being used by Hughes as a tax shelter. Following Hughes death in 1976, HHMI was incorporated in 1977, in 1984, the court appointed a new board for HHMI, which proceeded to sell off Hughes Aircraft to General Motors on December 20,1985, for an estimated $5.1 billion. General Motors then merged Hughes Aircraft with its subsidiary Delco Electronics to create Hughes Electronics Corporation, the new subsidiary was initially composed of four units, Delco Electronics Company, Hughes Aircraft Company, Hughes Space and Communications Company, and Hughes Network Systems. Stanley E. Hubbard founded United States Satellite Broadcasting in 1981 and was a proponent for the development of direct-broadcast satellite service in the United States. USSB was awarded five frequencies by the FCC, at the coveted 101 degree west satellite location, Hughes Communications, Inc. was also awarded 27 frequencies at the same 101-degree location
12.
Dish Network
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Dish Network is an American direct-broadcast satellite service provider. The company provides satellite television, satellite Internet access, audio programming, as of November 2016, the company provided services to 13.7 million television and 580,000 broadband subscribers. The company has approximately 16,000 employees, the company is headquartered in Meridian, Colorado, though the postal designation of nearby Englewood, Colorado is used in the corporate mailing address. In January 2008, Dish Network was spun off from its parent company EchoStar. The company began using Dish Network as its brand in March 1997, after the successful launch of its first satellite, EchoStar I. That launch marked the beginning of its television services, and EchoStar has since launched numerous satellites. EchoStar continues to be the technology partner to Dish Network. Joseph Clayton became president and chief officer of the company in June 2011. Clayton remained in the position until March 31,2015 when he retired leaving Ergen to resume the post, Dishs main service is satellite television. Its offerings are similar to satellite and cable companies. Viewers can choose from a series of bundles, paying more money for more channels. A la carte programming is available, however limited other than Premium channels, the company is currently working on diversifying its offerings. With its purchase of Blockbuster LLC, it now owns the Blockbuster trademarks and has used its intellectual property agreement to offer streaming, Dish Anywhere is Dishs subscriber-only streaming video service, which includes HBO and Cinemax programming. In May 2012, the American Customer Satisfaction Index ranked Dish second among American television providers and it weighs ten pounds, is protected from weather, and automatically searches for a signal. The only satellites that are compatible with the Tailgater are at Dishs 119,110. In March 2012, Dish began offering a video recorder called Dish Hopper that can automatically record all prime time programming on the four major television networks. The other half is for video on demand, a Hopper feature, called AutoHop, enables customers to view these programs without commercials, subject to time restrictions. AutoHop has attracted enthusiasts, critics, boycotts and legal action, at the 2013 Consumer Electronics Show Dish won an award for their AutoHop feature on the Hopper
13.
Hopper (DVR)
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Hopper is a line of digital video recording set-top boxes offered by the U. S. direct-broadcast satellite television provider Dish Network. The following year at the Consumer Electronics Show, Dish Network introduced a version known as Hopper with Sling. Due to the conflict of interest and its opinion of the device as being pro-innovation and pro-consumer, CES organizers removed CNET from the Best in Show program, however, its claim was rejected by the court. The Hopper is powered by a Broadcom 7420 system-on-chip, and contains a 2-terabyte hard drive, part of the drive is reserved for automatic recordings and it also includes an ethernet port, and eSATA and USB ports for attaching external storage. A ZigBee-based RF remote control is included, the Hopper with Sling model contains an upgraded Broadcom 7425 chip and built-in Wi-Fi, but is otherwise similar to the original model. In January 2014, Dish Network unveiled new Super Joey and wireless Joey units, virtual Joey apps were also unveiled for LG smart TVs, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation 4, which allow the devices to act as set-top boxes. The Hopper provides standard television functionality, including a program guide, picture-in-picture support. Internet-enabled apps on the Hopper on-launch included Blockbuster Video on Demand, CNBC, Facebook, MSNBC, Pandora Radio, Twitter, in April 2012, a feature called AutoHop was added, which automatically edits commercial breaks out of the PrimeTime Anytime recordings. Due to contractual restrictions implemented since the launch of Hopper, AutoHop functionality is no longer available for ABC, CBS, with an optional adapter, the Hopper can be used with Slingbox for place-shifting. In January 2017, Dish announced that Hopper would soon support pairing with Amazon Echo, the Hopper was critically praised by various technology publications, PC Magazine gave the Hopper an Excellent rating of 4. It easily earns our enthusiastic recommendation, CNET praised the Hopper with Sling for being cutting-edge technology that helps Dish make a strong case that its HD DVR is the most advanced out there. It subsequently nominated the new Hopper for the CES Best in Show award, however, CNETs parent company CBS Corporation vetoed the results and disqualified the device for legal reasons. The AutoHop functionality of the Hopper was met with considerable controversy from the owners of the four major U. S. networks. Leslie Moonves, CBS chief executive, asked rhetorically how he is to produce CSI without the revenue stream of commercials, news Corporation refused to accept Dish advertising for the device. A Forrester Research analyst said the move demonstrated Dishs desperation to keep customers at a time when programming is readily available via the Internet. On May 24,2012, Dish and the networks filed suit in court, the Dish case in Manhattan. On May 30, U. S. District Judge Laura Taylor Swain ruled the networks cases should not be filed in Los Angeles and asked for comments on a possible move of all cases to New York. David Shull, Dish senior vice president of programming, accused Hoak of effectively telling Dishs customers that they must watch commercials, eight days later, the two companies announced a distribution deal
14.
Verizon Fios
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Verizon Fios is a bundled Internet access, telephone, and television service that operates over a fiber-optic communications network with over 5 million customers in nine US states. The name, Fios, is an acronym for Fiber Optic Service, Fios service began in 2005, and networked areas expanded through 2010, although some areas do not have service or cannot receive TV and phone service because of franchise agreements. Verizon was one of the first major U. S. carriers to offer fiber to the home, other service providers use fiber optics in the network backbone and existing copper or coax infrastructure for residential users. Where available, select Verizon Wireless stores also sell Fios services, similar to AT&T offering DirecTV, the early stages of Fios began when Bell Atlantic was testing its video service Stargazer in 1995. This was the worlds first commercial VOD service, which was tested to 1,000 homes in northern VA, during this time there were talks of developing a fiber optic based service. This service was developed at a headquarters located in Reston, Virginia and this will be folded into our deployment of fiber to the curb, Mr. Townsend said, referring to Bell Atlantics plans to deploy a high-tech fiber-optic system. In September 2005, Verizon Communications, announced the launch of its Fios television service, Verizon aimed to replace copper wires with optical fibers, which would allow greater speed and quality of communication. In 2006, Verizon and Motorola partnered to bring its customers home DVR access, in 2006, The Wall Street Journal speculated, Verizon Communications Inc. is fielding offers for. Verizon also has been shopping a package dubbed GTE North that comprises about 3.4 million access lines in former GTE Corp. territories in Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, in addition to expanding its customer base, Verizon expanded its services in the first few years. Home Media DVR, a video recorder, was released in 2006. Fios updated its user interface in 2007, allowing customers to access widgets for localized content, such as weather, Verizon announced in January 2008 that one million people subscribed to the service. By the end of 2008, Fios offered more than 150 HD channels, price increases were announced in April 2008, when Fios was available to 6.5 million households. In January 2009, Fios was available to 12.7 million homes, as of June 2009, Fios Internet had 3.1 million customers. Estimates on December 31,2009, were 3.4 million Internet customers and 2.86 million for Fios TV, doug Michelson, an analyst at Deutsche Bank, concluded that Verizon has been overspending to acquire Fios customers. Some viewed the halt in expansion as a violation of Verizons agreements with municipalities and states. In New Jersey, Verizon collected an additional $15 billion in fees from customers, the New Jersey government altered the deal in 2014 to allow Verizon to substitute wireless internet access to fulfill its promise instead. Verizon defended itself, claiming that they had spent $13 billion building fiber optics in New Jersey, critics pointed out that wireless internet was slower and less reliable. In April 2010, Verizon announced that three people were subscribed to Verizon Fios
15.
CenturyLink
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It also provides long distance service. The earliest predecessor of CenturyLink was the Oak Ridge Telephone Company in Oak Ridge, Louisiana, in 1930, Hogan sold the company, with 75 paid subscribers, to William Clarke and Marie Williams, for $500. They moved the switchboard to the Williams family front parlor, in 1946, the Williams son, Clarke McRae Williams, received ownership of the familys telephone company as a wedding gift. In 1947, Clarke Williams learned the company in Marion. With a loan from business associate Joe Sydney Carter, Clarke purchased the Marion Telephone Company, CenturyLink still maintains offices in the former headquarters building. The company remained as a business until it became incorporated in 1968. By 1967, Oak Ridge Telephone Company served three states with 10,000 access lines and that year the company was incorporated as Central Telephone and Electronics. Clarke M. Williams served as president and chairman of the board, between 1975 and 1972, Clarke gradually moved his headquarters from Marion to Monroe, Louisiana, to access the larger employee base and to be near the airport. In 1971, the company was renamed as Century Telephone Enterprises, in 1972, Century Telephone acquired the La Crosse Telephone Corporation, of Wisconsin. On October 24,1978, Century Telephone moved to the New York Stock Exchange for the first time, Century Telephone performed well during the long bear market of the 1970s, as its stock rose over fourfold. The company provided service in parts of 14 states by that time. In 1981, Century Telephone acquired War Telephone in West Virginia, in 1982, Century Telephones earnings peaked at $14 million, then declined in 1983 following the early 1980s recession, and finally began to recover in 1984. However, the 1983 decline led to a loss of half the value of the stock in 1984. In 1985, both earnings and the price had recovered to new record highs. But by then, the company had accumulated $206 million in long-term debt, Century Telephone sold the operations of War Telephone and two other companies to Colonial Telephone for $4.66 million. In 1987, the price nearly doubled from its low that year. Earnings had steadily grown each year from their 1983 low, in 1989, Century Telephone Enterprises acquired Universal Telephone, Inc. for US$90 million in cash. During the late 1980s the company began a trend in which it performed extremely well
16.
Google Fiber
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Google Fiber is part of the Access division of Alphabet Inc. It provides fiber-to-the-premises service in the United States, providing broadband Internet and cable television to a small, in mid-2016, Google Fiber had 68,715 television subscribers and was estimated to have about 453,000 broadband customers. The service was first introduced to the Kansas City metropolitan area, on August 10,2015, Google announced its intention to restructure the company moving less central services and products into a new umbrella corporation, Alphabet Inc. As part of this plan, Google Fiber would become a subsidiary of Alphabet and may become part of the Access. In October 2016, all plans were put on hold. Google Fiber will continue to service in the cities where it is already installed. Google Fiber offers four options, depending on location, a free Internet option, a 100 Mbit/s option, a 1 Gbit/s Internet option. The Internet service includes one terabyte of Google Drive service, the service includes a two terabyte DVR in addition to the Google Drive. The DVR can record up to eight live television shows simultaneously, in addition, television service will also stream live program content on iPad and Android tablet computers. Google offers several different service plans to their customers, Google also offers free Google Fiber Internet connectivity in each of its markets to select public, in order to avoid underground cabling complexity for the last mile, Google Fiber relies on aggregators dubbed Google Fiber Huts. From these Google Fiber Huts, the fiber cables travel along utility poles into neighborhoods and homes, the estimated cost of wiring a fiber network like Google Fiber into a major American city is $1 billion. The initial location was chosen following a selection process. Over 1,100 communities applied to be the first recipient of the service, the request form was simple, and, some have argued, too straightforward. This led to various attention-getting behaviors by those hoping to have their town selected, some examples are given below, Baton Rouge, Louisiana supporters remade the Supertramp song Give a Little Bit to Give a Gigabit. Greenville, South Carolina utilized 1,000 of their citizens, from an aerial view, the title Google was colorfully visible. Topeka, Kansas, temporarily renamed itself Google, a small plane bearing a banner reading Will Google Play in Peoria, IL. flew over the Google campus in Mountain View, California. The mayor of Duluth, Minnesota, jokingly proclaimed that every child will be named either Google Fiber or Googlette Fiber. The city of Rancho Cucamonga, California, dubbed their city, one of the islands in Sarasota, Florida, was temporarily renamed Google Island
17.
PlayStation Vue
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PlayStation Vue is an over-the-top internet television service that is owned and operated by Sony. As of March 2017, the service had approximately 400,000 subscribers, PlayStation Vue is available only in the United States. The service was rolled out in 2015 to residents in Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, Miami, New York City, Philadelphia, PlayStation Vue was launched across the United States on March 14,2016. Sony introduced Vue into 203 new markets, on October 27,2016, Sony announced that Playstation Vue would be available on Android TV. PC and Mac support was announced as coming soon. PC and Mac support became available in early November 2016, on November 17,2016, the service was launched on Apple TV. Initial activation Initial activation of PlayStation Vue and required profile creation can only be performed with a supported, TV-connected device with Internet access, activation and required profile creation with mobile or Chromecast is not supported. Roku activation As of October 2016, some users were complaining of Roku activation problems, mobile restrictions Some PlayStation Vue live content and Cloud DVR recordings of My Shows are mobile restricted. Program guide For those not satisfied with the PlayStation Vue user interface, particularly on Roku devices, Replay Replay and playback positioning work poorly in Roku devices as of November 2016. Amazon Fire TV devices may be an alternative to Roku. Sony has announced agreements with major content producers, including ABC, CBS, Disney, ESPN, Fox, NBC Universal, AMC Networks, Turner Broadcasting System, Home Box Office/Cinemax. On September 30,2016, a package was created. PlayStation Vue features four packages, In addition, users can also access programming from more than 60 networks TV Everywhere apps or websites, PlayStation Vue restrictions limit simultaneous streams to five devices. A single PlayStation Vue account can simultaneously stream PlayStation Vue on up to one PS4 console, additionally, Fire TV, Roku, Chromecast, iOS, and Android devices can be used for additional streams, with up to five total devices supported at once. Packages are billed on a basis and are allowed to be canceled at any time. No contract is required and a free trial is offered to any who would normally be able to access the service who have not previously redeemed a trial. The monthly rate is charged to the credit card if the service is not canceled before the end of the trial period. Currently, Univision has its own Over-the-Top service known as Univision Now, on November 8,2016, PlayStation Vue announced that it was dropping all Viacom networks from the service effective November 11,2016
18.
Sling TV
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Sling TV is an American over-the-top internet television service that is owned by Dish Network. Sling TV is led by CEO Roger Lynch, who served as the executive vice president of advanced technologies for Dish Network. The services precursor, the television service DishWorld, was also brought under the auspices of Sling TV LLC and was rebranded as Sling International. Sling TV officially launched on February 9,2015, after offering the service on a basis in January of that year. As of March 2017, the service has approximately 1.18 million subscribers. In November 2014, Dish Network chairman Charlie Ergen explained that the company planned to launch its OTT service by the end of the year and he explained, the regular linear MVPD business is a mature business. You cant just go back every day and say Im going to raise my rates to make my budget and you have to figure out other revenue streams and get other people to pay for your product and watch more minutes of your product. Dish did not provide any details on when the service would be launched. Sling TV CEO Roger Lynch explained that the service was designed to target the viewing habits of the 18–35 demographic and we would have ended up with $60 or $70 bundles. We dont think that is the way to reach that demographic and we spent a lot of time working with programmers to make sure we had smaller bundles, lower costs and more flexibility. He also noted the importance of reaching a deal to include ESPN in the service, after an invitation-only beta, Sling TV officially launched on February 9,2015. That same day, Sling announced a deal with AMC Networks, allowing networks such as AMC, IFC, BBC America. On February 16,2015, Sling TV announced an agreement to all four channels of Epix as a premium channel option to its customers. The premium channel was added to its service on April 9,2015, Sling TV debuted Sling Latino on June 4,2015. The service features two Spanish-language packages, Paquete Total and Paquete Esencial, customers can purchase two additional add-on packs, Colombia and España. This service does not require the purchase of the Best of Live TV package, in November 2015, the Blockbuster On Demand service by Blockbuster LLC was shut down and all customers were redirected to Sling. Sling TV began offering a Multi-Stream package on April 13,2016 that includes the FOX family of networks and this was attained by dropping ESPN, ESPN2, Disney Channel, and Freeform. Sling TV added FS2, FXX, Nat Geo Wild and Viacom Media Networks channels to the Multi-Stream package, Sling restructured their channel offerings on June 30,2016, creating the Sling Orange single-stream and Sling Blue multi-stream packages
19.
Streaming media
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Streaming media is multimedia that is constantly received by and presented to an end-user while being delivered by a provider. A client end-user can use their player to begin to play the data file before the entire file has been transmitted. For example, in the 1930s, elevator music was among the earliest popularly available streaming media, the term streaming media can apply to media other than video and audio such as live closed captioning, ticker tape, and real-time text, which are all considered streaming text. As of 2017, streaming is generally taken to refer to cases where a user watches digital video content or listens to audio content on a computer screen. With streaming content, the user does not have to download the digital video or digital audio file before they start to watch/listen to it. There are challenges with streaming content on the Internet, as of 2016, two popular streaming services are the video sharing website YouTube, which contains video and audio files on a huge range of topics and Netflix, which streams movies and TV shows. Live streaming refers to Internet content delivered in real-time, as events happen, Live internet streaming requires a form of source media, an encoder to digitize the content, a media publisher, and a content delivery network to distribute and deliver the content. Live streaming does not need to be recorded at the origination point, in the early 1920s, George O. Attempts to display media on computers date back to the earliest days of computing in the mid-20th century, however, little progress was made for several decades, primarily due to the high cost and limited capabilities of computer hardware. From the late 1980s through the 1990s, consumer-grade personal computers became powerful enough to various media. These technological improvement facilitated the streaming of audio and video content to users in their homes and workplaces. The band Severe Tire Damage was the first group to live on the Internet. On June 24,1993, the band was playing a gig at Xerox PARC while elsewhere in the building, as proof of PARCs technology, the bands performance was broadcast and could be seen live in Australia and elsewhere. Microsoft Research developed a Microsoft TV application which was compiled under MS Windows Studio Suite, realNetworks was also a pioneer in the streaming media markets, when it broadcast a baseball game between the New York Yankees and the Seattle Mariners over the Internet in 1995. The first symphonic concert on the Internet took place at the Paramount Theater in Seattle, the concert was a collaboration between The Seattle Symphony and various guest musicians such as Slash, Matt Cameron, and Barrett Martin. When Word Magazine launched in 1995, they featured the first-ever streaming soundtracks on the Internet.4 in 1999, in June 1999 Apple also introduced a streaming media format in its QuickTime 4 application. It was later widely adopted on websites along with RealPlayer. In 2000 Industryview. com launched its worlds largest streaming video archive website to help promote themselves
20.
WatchESPN
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WatchESPN is an Internet television website and mobile application operated by ESPN Inc. a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation. Bright House Networks began offering ESPN Networks on November 22,2010, Verizon FiOS began providing access to streams on the ESPN Networks website on February 17,2011. The ESPN Networks website was rebranded under the WatchESPN name on August 31,2011. com website. On August 28,2012, Midco began allowing access to WatchESPNs simulcasts for its customers, charter Communications added access to the service in mid-February 2013. Dish Network, the first satellite provider to provide access to WatchESPN, longhorn Network and SEC Network programs were added to the service upon SEC Networks launch on August 14,2014. As a result of this, ESPN Classic is the only remaining ESPN network that is not yet available for streaming on the service, ESPN Classic, which is phasing out linear distribution, is set to be added in 2015. In 2015, as part of a new agreement with The Walt Disney Company, eSPN3, a similar service that had operated separately from WatchESPN until it was integrated into the service in 2011, is available through many other cable providers including those listed above. In all cases, a TV Everywhere login through a service provider is required to access the services. Events available on the service that have recently been completed are archived, the WatchESPN player additionally features four modules, Featured Events, Stats, the Chat 140 section, and Facebook connect. WatchESPN is available through the ESPN app for Android and iOS, in December 2015, WatchESPNs streaming features were integrated directly into the main ESPN app for Android and iOS, with the standalone WatchESPN app discontinued on these platforms. Due to Verizon Wirelesss exclusive rights to stream NFL games on mobile devices to its subscribers, on June 19,2013, the service became available through Apple TV. WatchESPN became available on Roku streaming players on November 12,2013, chromecast support was added to the Android and iOS apps as part of an update released on June 3,2014. The WatchESPN app became available for download for compatible Windows 8, the WatchESPN service is available for download for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. The ESPN app for Xbox 360 was discontinued on March 23,2016, fox Sports Go NBC Sports Live Extra www. watchespn. com – WatchESPN official website espn. go. com/watchespn/faq. – WatchESPN Frequently Asked Questions page WatchESPN mobile app on the App Store WatchESPN mobile app on Google Play
21.
IPTV
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Unlike downloaded media, IPTV offers the ability to stream the source media continuously. As a result, a client media player can begin playing the data almost immediately and this is known as streaming media. Although IPTV uses the Internet protocol it is not limited to television media streamed from the Internet, IPTV in the telecommunications arena is notable for its ongoing standardisation process. Historically, many different definitions of IPTV have appeared, including elementary streams over IP networks, transport streams over IP networks and these services may include, for example, Live TV, Video On Demand and Interactive TV. These services are delivered across an access agnostic, packet switched network that employs the IP protocol to transport the audio, video, the term IPTV first appeared in 1995 with the founding of Precept Software by Judith Estrin and Bill Carrico. Precept developed an Internet video product named IP/TV, the software was written primarily by Steve Casner, Karl Auerbach, and Cha Chee Kuan. Precept was acquired by Cisco Systems in 1998, Internet radio company AudioNet started the first continuous live webcasts with content from WFAA-TV in January 1998 and KCTU-LP on January 10,1998. The operator added additional VoD service in October 2001 with Yes TV, kingston was one of the first companies in the world to introduce IPTV and IP VoD over ADSL as a commercial service. The service became the reference for various changes to UK Government regulations, in 2006, the KIT service was discontinued, subscribers having declined from a peak of 10,000 to 4,000. In 1999, NBTel was the first to commercially deploy Internet protocol television over DSL in Canada using the Alcatel 7350 DSLAM, the service was marketed under the brand VibeVision in New Brunswick, and later expanded into Nova Scotia in early 2000 after the formation of Aliant. IMagic TV was later sold to Alcatel, in 2002, Sasktel was the second in Canada to commercially deploy Internet Protocol video over DSL, using the Lucent Stinger DSL platform. In 2005, SureWest Communications was the first North American company to offer high-definition television channels over an IPTV service, in 2005, Bredbandsbolaget launched its IPTV service as the first service provider in Sweden. As of January 2009, they are not the biggest supplier any longer, TeliaSonera, in 2007, TPG became the first internet service provider in Australia to launch IPTV. Complementary to its ADSL2+ package this was, and still is, free of charge to customers on eligible plans and now offers over 45 local free to air channels, by 2010, iiNet and Telstra launched IPTV services in conjunction to internet plans but with extra fees. In 2008, PTCL launched IPTV under the name of PTCL Smart TV in Pakistan. S. Markets with an IPTV service called Prism and this was after successful test marketing in Florida. During the 2014 Winter Olympics Shortest path bridging was used to deliver 36 IPTV HD Olympic channels, in 2016, KCTV introduced the Set-top box called Manbang, claiming to provide video-on-demand services in North Korea via quasi-internet protocol television. According to KCTV, viewers can use the service not only in Pyongyang, stating that the demands for the equipment are particularly high in Sinuiju, with several hundred users in the region
22.
Southeastern Conference
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The Southeastern Conference is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the Southern part of the United States. Its fourteen members include the public universities of ten states. The conference is headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, the SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I in sports competitions, for football, it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision, formerly known as Division I-A. The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a game for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series. The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey, the conference sponsors team championships in nine mens sports and twelve womens sports. The SEC consists of 14 member institutions located within the borders of 11 contiguous states and these divisional groupings are applied exclusively to football and baseball as well as their scheduling and standings. The other charter members were, The University of the South left the SEC on December 13,1940 and it is currently a member of the Division III Southern Athletic Association. Georgia Institute of Technology left the SEC in 1964, in 1975, it became a founding member of the Metro Conference, one of the predecessors to todays Conference USA. Georgia Tech competed in the Metro Conference in all sports except football, in 1978, Georgia Tech joined another Southern Conference offshoot, the Atlantic Coast Conference, for all sports, where it has remained ever since. Tulane University left the SEC in 1966, along with Georgia Tech, it was a charter member of the Metro Conference. Unlike Tech, however, Tulane remained in the Metro Conference until it merged with the Great Midwest Conference in 1995 to form Conference USA, Tulane remained an independent in football until C-USA began football competition in 1996. Tulane left C-USA in 2014 for the American Athletic Conference, in 1990, the SEC expanded from ten to twelve member universities with the addition of the Arkansas Razorbacks and the South Carolina Gamecocks. The two new members began SEC competition with the 1991–1992 basketball season, at the same time, the SEC organized competition for some sports into two divisions. Initially, the format was used in football, baseball. The divisional format was dropped for mens basketball following the 2011–2012 season, the 1992 and 1993 championship games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, and all championship games from 1994 onward have been held at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. On November 6,2011 the SEC commissioner announced that the University of Missouri would also join the SEC on July 1,2012, for football, Texas A&M was scheduled to compete in the Western Division, and Missouri in the Eastern Division. Texas A&M and Missouri both left the Big 12 Conference, the office of Commissioner was created in 1940. Under the leadership of Michael F, the SECU rebranded its mission to better serve as a means through which the collaborative academic endeavors and achievements of Southeastern Conference universities would be promoted and advanced
23.
ESPN Events
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ESPN Events is an American sporting event planning division that is owned by ESPN Inc. ESPN Inc. is a joint venture between the Disney–ABC Television Group division of The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation, ESPN Events is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, and shares its operations with ESPNU. The company was founded as Creative Sports, a sports programming syndicator that merged with Don Ohlmeyers Ohlmeyer Communications Corporation Sports in 1996, after ESPN purchased the merged company, the division was renamed ESPN Regional Television. Most of ESPNs syndicated broadcasts had been presented under the on-air name ESPN Plus, however, the brand has since been phased out from its productions in favor of conference brands, such as SEC TV and the Big 12 Network. ESPN largely exited the business by 2015, moving its conference sports broadcast to dedicated cable networks. The company traces its history to Creative Sports, Inc. a North Carolina-based sports syndicator owned and founded by Bray Cary, ESPN Inc. purchased Creative Sports, Inc. and OCC Sports, Inc. in the mid-1990s. ESPN Regional Television was formed in 1996, through ESPN Inc. s combination of Creative Sports and OCC Sports, under the direction of Chuck Gerber, on March 12,1999, ESPN Regional Television was incorporated in New York. In January 2000, Loren Matthews left ESPN Regional Television for a position at sister division ABC Sports. In 2001, ESPN Regional Television moved beyond broadcasting college football bowl games, in August 2008, ESPN Regional Television secured a 15-year broadcast rights agreement with the Southeastern Conference, assuming the conference syndication rights from Raycom Sports. In 2015, ESPN mostly exited the syndication business and integrated its remaining properties into its cable networks and into its online services, WatchESPN. ESPN Events remains active as an event organizer, Conference USA – Broadcast rights were for regular-season football games. The American Sports Network, a college sports programming syndicator. Mid-American Conference basketball – Broadcast rights were assumed by SportsTime Ohio in 2010, mountain West Conference – Broadcast rights to MWC football and basketball games are now held by CBS Sports Network and NBCSN. Big Ten Conference – Broadcast rights to Big Ten Conference football and basketball games not selected to air regionally or nationally on CBS, ESPN Plus lost the Big Ten rights to the network when it launched in August 2007. The conference rights were held by Raycom Sports, and before that Lincoln Financial Sports. Sun Belt Conference football and men’s basketball, the Sun Belt Network ceased operations in 2014. Western Athletic Conference - ESPN Plus broadcast WAC men’s and women’s basketball until 2014, ERT acquired its first bowl game in 2001, with its purchase of the Las Vagas Bowl from the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority. The company moved into the area as it saw some of their conference partners had teams that were qualified to appear in a bowl game
24.
North Carolina
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North Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U. S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties, the most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City. The state has a range of elevations, from sea level on the coast to 6,684 feet at Mount Mitchell. The climate of the plains is strongly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the falls in the humid subtropical climate zone. More than 300 miles from the coast, the western, mountainous part of the state has a highland climate. North Carolina is bordered by South Carolina on the south, Georgia on the southwest, Tennessee on the west, Virginia on the north, the United States Census Bureau places North Carolina in the South Atlantic division of the southern region. So many ships have been lost off Cape Hatteras that the area is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, the most famous of these is the Queen Annes Revenge, which went aground in Beaufort Inlet in 1718. The coastal plain transitions to the Piedmont region along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, the Piedmont region of central North Carolina is the states most populous region, containing the six largest cities in the state by population. It consists of rolling countryside frequently broken by hills or low mountain ridges. The Piedmont ranges from about 300 feet in elevation in the east to about 1,500 feet in the west, the western section of the state is part of the Appalachian Mountain range. Among the subranges of the Appalachians located in the state are the Great Smoky Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, the Black Mountains are the highest in the eastern United States, and culminate in Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet, the highest point east of the Mississippi River. North Carolina has 17 major river basins, the five basins west of the Blue Ridge Mountains flow to the Gulf of Mexico, while the remainder flow to the Atlantic Ocean. Of the 17 basins,11 originate within the state of North Carolina, but only four are contained entirely within the states border – the Cape Fear, the Neuse, the White Oak, and the Tar-Pamlico basin. Elevation above sea level is most responsible for temperature change across the state, the climate is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream, especially in the coastal plain. These influences tend to cause warmer winter temperatures along the coast, the coastal plain averages around 1 inch of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all. North Carolina experiences severe weather in summer and winter, with summer bringing threat of hurricanes, tropical storms, heavy rain
25.
South Carolina
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South Carolina /ˌsaʊθ kærəˈlaɪnə/ is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state is bordered to the north by North Carolina, to the south and west by Georgia across the Savannah River, South Carolina became the eighth state to ratify the U. S. Constitution, doing so on May 23,1788. South Carolina became the first state to vote to secede from the Union on December 20,1860, after the American Civil War, it was readmitted into the United States on June 25,1868. South Carolina is the 40th most extensive and the 23rd most populous U. S. state and its GDP as of 2013 was $183.6 billion, with an annual growth rate of 3. 13%. The capital and largest city is Columbia with a 2013 population of 133,358, South Carolina is named in honor of King Charles I of England, under whose reign the English colony was first formed, with Carolus being Latin for Charles. There is evidence of activity in the area about 12000 years ago. Along the Savannah River were the Apalachee, Yuchi, and the Yamasee, further west were the Cherokee, and along the Catawba River, the Catawba. These tribes were village-dwellers, relying on agriculture as their food source. The Cherokee lived in wattle and daub houses made with wood and clay, about a dozen separate small tribes summered on the coast harvesting oysters and fish, and cultivating corn, peas and beans. Travelling inland as much as 50 miles mostly by canoe, they wintered on the plain, hunting deer and gathering nuts. The names of these survive in place names like Edisto Island, Kiawah Island. The Spanish were the first Europeans in the area, in 1521, founding San Miguel de Gualdape, established with 500 settlers, it was abandoned within a year by 150 survivors. In 1562 French settlers established a settlement at what is now the Charlesfort-Santa Elena archaeological site on Parris Island, three years later the Spanish built a fort on the same site, but withdrew following hostilities with the English navy. In 1629, King Charles I of England established the Province of Carolina an area covering what is now South and North Carolina, Georgia, in the 1670s, English planters from the Barbados established themselves near what is now Charleston. Settlers built rice plantations in the South Carolina Lowcountry, east of the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, settlers came from all over Europe. Plantation labor was done by African slaves who formed the majority of the population by 1720, another cash crop was the Indigo plant, a plant source of blue dye, developed by Eliza Lucas. Meanwhile, in Upstate South Carolina, west of the Fall Line, was settled by farmers and traders. Colonists overthrew the rule, seeing more direct representation
26.
South Carolina Gamecocks
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The University of South Carolinas varsity sports teams are known as the Gamecocks. All of the Universitys varsity teams compete at the Division I level of the NCAA, Mens soccer competes in Conference USA and womens beach volleyball competes in the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association because the SEC does not sponsor those sports. South Carolina usually calls itself Carolina, USC, or SC in athletics, causing confusion with the North Carolina Tar Heels. Sports networks often use the abbreviation SCAR during their coverage of Gamecocks sports, however, some, the athletic department is supported with private money from the Gamecock Club. It was originally formed as the B. A. M, Club in 1939 and 1940 to benefit the athletic programs from privately raised funds. The universitys athletic programs have earned ten national titles and produced many Olympians. Tim Brando was quoted as saying, You wont find any more fans in the country than those who follow the South Carolina Gamecocks. In 1900, the team was first referred to as the Gamecocks by The State newspaper. The nickname was a reference to the tactics of General Thomas Sumter. The University of South Carolina was a member of the Southern Conference for mens basketball and football from 1922 until it became a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference in 1953. The Gamecocks left the ACC in 1971, following disputes over the ACCs recruiting regulations. USC then competed as an independent until 1983 when it joined the Metro Conference for all sports except football, in 1991, the Gamecocks joined the Southeastern Conference when it increased its membership to 12 schools and split into two divisions. Since joining the SEC, the Gamecocks have been part of the leagues East Division, womens beach volleyball competed as an independent before joining the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association for the 2016 season. On December 6,2015, Will Muschamp was named the head coach, the team plays its home games at Williams-Brice Stadium, the 20th largest stadium in college football. Accomplishments include the 2010 SEC East title, the 1969 ACC championship, in 1980, George Rogers won the Heisman Trophy. Players inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame include George Rogers, the South Carolina Gamecocks mens basketball team represents the University of South Carolina and competes in the Southeastern Conference. The program also won the 1997 SEC championship, National Invitation Tournament titles in 2005 and 2006, most recently, the Gamecocks won the 2017 NCAA East Regional Championship, reaching the Final Four for the first time in school history. Frank Martin is the current head coach, and the plays at the 18
27.
Michael Slive
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Michael Lawrence Slive is an American attorney and college sports executive. Slive is the commissioner of the Southeastern Conference, a college athletics association. As part of his role as the SEC Commissioner, he served as the coordinator of the Bowl Championship Series for the 2006 and 2007 regular seasons. He was a member of the NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Committee through September 2009 and he has announced that he will retire July 31,2015 as SEC Commissioner. A native of Utica, New York, Slive graduated from Dartmouth College with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1962. He earned a J. D. from the University of Virginia School of Law in 1965, Slive became the seventh commissioner of the SEC on July 1,2002. He was the first commissioner of Conference USA from 1995 to 2002, early in his life, he practiced law in New Hampshire, serving as judge of the Hanover District Court from 1972 to 1977, and was a partner in a Chicago law firm. He was assistant director of athletics at Dartmouth College, assistant executive director of the Pacific-10 Conference, in 1990, he became senior partner and founder of the Mike Slive-Mike Glazier Sports Group, a legal practice specializing in representing colleges and universities in athletics-related matters
28.
Big Ten Network
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It is the first internationally distributed network dedicated to covering a single collegiate athletic conference. The network reaches approximately 90 million households nationwide, and is available up to an estimated 100 million pay television households in the United States and it is headquartered in the former Montgomery Ward & Co. Catalog House building at 600 West Chicago Avenue in Chicago, Illinois, the network has agreements with more than 300 providers. In Canada, it is available on Shaw Direct, Shaw Cable, Rogers Cable, Cogeco Cable, the network is available on cable in 19 of the 20 largest U. S. media markets. The Big Ten Network is also carried on PlayStation Vue, the networks foundation traces back to 2004, following negotiations between the Big Ten and ESPN on an extension of the conferences broadcast contract with the network. With three years remaining in the deal, the conference sought a significant increase in rights fees. ESPN, however, balked, causing Big Ten commissioner Jim Delany to begin exploring the creation of his own network, the launch of the Big Ten Network was announced on June 21,2006, as a 20-year joint project between the Big Ten Conference and Fox Entertainment Group. At launch, the conference owned 51% of the network, while Fox owned a minority interest, the network was positioned to be the first ever cable channel dedicated to a single collegiate conference. The network also has a commitment to event equality, stating it would produce and distribute an equal number of mens and womens events across all platforms, the deal was meant to replace the Big Tens television contract with ESPNs ESPN Plus regional television package. ESPN Plus games were only seen on one broadcast television station in a teams local market. Big Ten Network was launched at 8,00 p. m. Eastern Time on August 30,2007, on September 2, the network aired its first womens sports event and its first mens non-revenue sports event. The new network suffered from limited carriage on its launch, as it was carried by two major television providers. By the following year, the network had reached its goal to attain carriage on the extended basic tiers of cable providers in all Big Ten markets. While no specifics were revealed, Fox increased its stake in the Big Ten Network to 51% in June 2010, acquiring majority control, the service was initially available to subscribers of Time Warner Cable, Charter Communications, DirecTV and Dish Network. The network was temporary blacked out for eight days beginning on September 14, Big Ten Tonight – a weekly half-hour show airing on Sundays that is similar to ESPNs SportsCenter, it offers highlights and discussion of Big Ten sporting events. The program is anchored by Dave Revsine, Rick Pizzo, Mike Hall. Other reporters and analysts appear depending on the sport being discussed, Big Ten Football Saturday – a program airing Saturdays during the college football season, which features discussions and highlights of the days games. It is hosted by Dave Revsine, with analysis provided by Gerry DiNardo and it was host was Mike Hall, with correspondents Charissa Thompson and Chicago-area improv actors Jordan Klepper, Steve Waltien, and Tim Baltz
29.
Pac-12 Network
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Pac-12 Network is an American sports-oriented digital cable and satellite television network that is owned by the Pac-12 Conference. The networks studio and production facilities are headquartered in San Francisco and it is the third sports network to be devoted to a specific collegiate athletic conference and the first to be owned by a conference outright without support from outside companies. The networks feature 24-hour coverage of Pac-12 sanctioned sporting events, including olympic sports as well as broadcasts of archived sports telecasts, the contract ensures that every football and mens basketball game is televised nationally. Sports not featured on the national Pac-12 Network are instead carried through the networks as well as on the Pac-12 Digital Network. The infrastructure of the Pac-12 Networks,12 member institutions and CMCs operations in Denver, master control origination services, including compression and satellite front-haul services, satellite receiver authorizations, and disaster recovery are also run through the CMC in Denver. The Pac-12 Networks produce telecasts of roughly 850 collegiate events each year, the national network includes 35 football games,100 mens basketball games and 40 womens basketball games on an annual basis. The Pac-12 national network also features all spring football games, coaches shows, the Pac-12 network has also shown rugby matches played by schools from the PAC Rugby Conference, even though college rugby is not a sport sanctioned by the NCAA. Presidents, chancellors, and professors supply additional context, providing viewers a unique and poignant look at the history, culture. The agreements did not guarantee that the Pac-12 Networks would be available in all areas within the territory of a Pac-12 university, the agreements complimented a 12-year deal that the Pac-12 Conference had struck with Fox Sports and ESPN that began in 2012. In addition, the network entered into extended negotiations with satellite providers, as of September 7,2013, the Pac-12 Network has not yet signed carriage deals with DirecTV, Charter Communications and Verizon FiOS. On July 28,2012, Frontier Communications announced on one of its official Facebook accounts that the company would carry the channel on Frontier FiOS TV, the deal was officially announced on August 1,2012. Several smaller providers reached carriage agreements with the network during the month of August 2012, on August 1, Oregon-based cable providers BendBroadband announced an intention to carry the Pac-12 Network as well as the Pac-12 Digital Network on their bendbroadband2go TV Everywhere platform. Two days later on August 3,2012, Arizona-based Western Broadband, on August 6, Astound Broadband announced an intention to carry the Pac-12 Bay Area Network. A day later on August 7, Wave Broadband announced an intention to carry the Pac-12 Bay Area, Oregon, on August 8,2012, CC Communications announced its intent to carry the Pac-12 National Network and one Pac-12 regional channel. Network also revealed on their official Facebook page that it would carry the Pac-12 Network, on August 21,2012, Canby Telecom announced an intention to carry the Pac-12 National Network as well as all Pac-12 regional networks. On September 8,2012, Dish Network announced that it would carry the Pac-12 National Network starting on September 8, on February 1,2016, however, Pac-12 restricted access to the regional channels for DISH subscribers. On September 6,2013, Pac-12 Networks entered into a deal with AT&T U-verse to carry the main feed on channel 759. As of 2015, the Pac-12 Networks were available in 90 million homes, Pac-12 Now is available through web browsers, mobile and iOS devices, with content accessible via a login through a pay television provider
30.
Texas A&M Aggies football
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The Texas A&M Aggies football program represents Texas A&M University in the sport of American football. The Aggies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, Texas A&M football claims three national titles and eighteen conference titles. The team plays all games at the newly redeveloped Kyle Field. Kevin Sumlin is currently the head coach. Texas A&M first fielded a team in 1894, under the direction of head coach F. D. Perkins. The team compiled a 1–1 record, W. A. Murray served as A&Ms head coach from 1899-1901, compiling a record of 7–8–1. From 1902-1904, J. E. Platt served as A&Ms head coach, from 1909-1914, A&M compiled a 38–8–4 record under head coach Charley Moran. Morans 1909 team finished undefeated, and all but one of Morans other seasons the Aggies only lost one each year. Under head coach Edwin Harlan, the Aggies compiled a record of 12–5 in two seasons and joined the Southwest Conference, Bible became Texas A&Ms head coach in 1919, leaving LSU, and under his tutelage the Aggies compiled a record of 72–19–9 in ten seasons. In the 1922 Dixie Classic, Bible made his most visible, Bible had a roster of only eighteen players, who had to play both offense and defense against the heavily favored Centre College. He lost three players to early in the game, but the Aggies took the lead. The Aggies wouldnt need Gills help to win, but since then A&M students stand throughout football games to show their willingness to play if needed, Bible departed the Aggies after the 1928 season to accept the Nebraska head coaching position. After Bibles departure, A&M brought in Matty Bell from TCU to lead the Aggies football program, under Bells tutelage, the Aggies compiled a record of 24–21–3. However, the Aggies did not play up to the set by Dana Bibles tenure. Homer Norton was hired away from Centenary to replace Bell in 1934, A&M enjoyed great successes under Norton. The 1939 Texas A&M team went 11–0, beating Tulane in the Sugar Bowl, nortons record at Texas A&M was 82–53–9, giving him the second most wins of any coach in Texas A&M Aggies football history. Among the many stars that Norton developed were John Kimbrough and Joe Routt, Norton was fired in 1947 when his team went 3–6–1 and lost to archrival Texas for the eighth straight year. In December 1947, Harry Stiteler was promoted from running backs coach to coach for the Texas A&M football team following the firing of Homer Norton
31.
South Carolina Gamecocks football
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The South Carolina Gamecocks football program represents the University of South Carolina in the sport of American football. The Gamecocks compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, will Muschamp currently serves as the teams head coach. They play their games at Williams-Brice Stadium. Currently, it is the 20th largest stadium in college football, USCs SEC tenure has been highlighted by an SEC East title in 2010, Final Top-25 rankings in 2000,2001,2010,2011,2012 and 2013, and four wins over Top-5 SEC opponents. From 1953 through 1970, the Gamecocks played in the Atlantic Coast Conference, winning the 1969 ACC championship and finishing No.15 in the 1958 final AP poll. From 1971 through 1991, they competed as a independent, producing 1980 Heisman Trophy winner George Rogers, six bowl appearances. The Gamecocks have produced a National Coach of the Year in Joe Morrison and they also have four members of the College Football Hall of Fame in former players George Rogers and Sterling Sharpe, and former coaches Lou Holtz and Steve Spurrier. Carolina fielded its first football team on Christmas Eve, in Charleston, South Carolina, at that time the football team was not sanctioned by the University. They provided their own uniforms and paid their own train fare in order to participate in the game and they were nicknamed the College Boys by The News and Courier and their supporters wore garnet and black. USC won its first game in its season, on November 2,1895 against Columbia AA. The squad designated their first head coach, W. H. Dixie Whaley, the 1896 season also saw the inaugural game against arch-rival Clemson on November 12, which Carolina won 12–6. From 1902 to 1903, coach Bob Williams led the Gamecocks to a 14–3 record, in 1902, South Carolina beat Clemson, coached by John Heisman, for the first time since 1896, the first year of the rivalry. After the game on Thursday, the Clemson guys frankly told the Carolina students that if you bring this poster, and naturally, of course, the Carolina students brought the poster to the parade. If you give someone an ultimatum and they’re your rival, they’re going to do exactly what you told them not to do, as expected, another brawl broke out before both sides agreed to mutually burn the poster in an effort to defuse tensions. The immediate aftermath resulted in the stoppage of the rivalry until 1909,1903 also heralded the programs first 8-win season with an overall record of 8–2. Future senator and former player for South Carolina and UVA. 1904s captain Gene Oliver played against Georgia with a broken jaw, within months The Board of Trustees reversed their decision after hearing pleas, and receiving petitions, from students and alumni alike. Play was allowed to resume in 1907, a hastily assembled football team, coached by Board of Trustees member Douglas McKay, competed in an abbreviated season that same year, and the squad won all three games
32.
Temple Owls football
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The Temple Owls football team represents Temple University in the sport of college football. The Temple Owls compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision as a member of the American Athletic Conference and they play their home games at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia. The Owls were a member of the Big East Conference from 1991 until 2004. Temple was expelled from the due to a lack of commitment to the football program from university officials. Temple played the 2005 and 2006 seasons as an independent before playing in the Mid-American Conference from 2007 to 2011, in March 2012, the Owls rejoined the Big East Conference, with football membership beginning in the 2012 season and all other sports beginning conference play in 2013. That same year, the conference was renamed the American Athletic Conference after several basketball-only schools split off to form a new conference that kept the Big East name, Temple is the last original Big East football member still in the The American. Five of the eight members play in the ACC, while the other two teams play in the Big 12 and the Big Ten. Temple began playing organized football in 1894, a decade after the school was founded, physical education instructor and basketball coach Charles M. Williams organized an 11-man squad that won their first game against Philadelphia Dental College. For its first few years, the team played small schools. The Owls modern era began in 1925 and that was the year that Henry J. Heinie Miller was hired as head coach, and for a time, the Owls were a regional power. In the 1927 season, after wildly mismatched victories over Blue Ridge College, Juniata, Gallaudet and Washington College and their only loss that season came from Dartmouth, and a 44-year long rivalry with Bucknell College began with Temple posting a 19–13 victory. To start the 1928 season, the Owls moved to Temple Stadium, Miller coached eight seasons and compiled a 50–15–8 record, with two notable victories over growing regional football power Penn State. Following Millers departure in 1933, the Owls made a splash with the hiring of their next coach. Warner had spent the previous 19 years at Pittsburgh and Stanford and he ended his career at Temple, going 31–18–2 in six seasons. In 1934, the Owls went 7–0–2 in the season and were invited to play in the inaugural Sugar Bowl on New Years Day,1935. In 1936, the Owls were ranked in the AP Poll in its first year for two weeks, in Warners last game, Temple upset Florida 20–12, who were coached by future Temple coach Josh Cody. From the time Warner retired at the end of the 1938 season until 1963, Warners top assistant, Fred H. Swan, took over as head coach in 1939. He lasted one season before Temple hired SMU coach Ray Morrison, during this time, Temple had several successful seasons and had All-American and All-Star players
33.
Vanderbilt Commodores football
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The Vanderbilt Commodores football program represents Vanderbilt University in the sport of American football. The Commodores compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and they are currently coached by former Tennessee Titans wide receiver Derek Mason. Vanderbilt plays their games at Vanderbilt Stadium, located on the universitys Nashville. Adopting the nickname the Commodores after the 1897 season, the team has played in 1,250 games over 126 seasons. In that time, six coaches have led the Commodores to a bowl appearance, Art Guepe, Steve Sloan, George MacIntyre, Bobby Johnson, James Franklin. Four have led them to a championship, R. G. Acton, W. H. Watkins, James H. Henry. McGugin is the leader in seasons coached and games won, with 198 victories during his thirty years at Vanderbilt and he was awarded two National Championships retroactively by Clyde Berryman. Of the twenty-eight different head coaches who have led the Commodores, McGugin, Ray Morrison, Henry Russell Sanders, the current head coach is Derek Mason. Ole Miss is Vanderbilts cross-divisional rival in the SEC, Vanderbilt and Ole Miss have played 87 times since 1894. Ole Miss leads the series 50–38–2, the largest margin of victory was by 91 points won by Vanderbilt in 1915. Vanderbilt also holds the longest win streaks in the series from 1894 to 1938, having started in 1893, the Georgia-Vanderbilt football series has been played annually since 1968. The two are divisional opponents in the SEC East, the two are divisional opponents in the SEC East. The series, which rotates between Nashville, Tennessee and Lexington, Kentucky, is tied at 42–42–4 with the score being Vanderbilt 17-Kentucky 15.6. Vanderbilt and Tennessee have played 107 times since 1892, Tennessee leads the series 75–30–5, when the rivalry first started Vanderbilt dominated by taking 19 of the first 24 with 3 ties. After 1928, UT has dominated the rivalry with a record of Vanderbilt 71–11–2, the largest margin of victory for Vanderbilt was by 76 points in 1918 at Old Dudley Field in Nashville. The largest defeat was 65 points in 1994 at Vanderbilt Stadium, the longest win streaks for Vanderbilt is from 1901 to 1913. The longest win streak for Tennessee is 22, from 1983 to 2004, Vanderbilt and the Sewanee Tigers were both founding members of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, the Southern Conference, and the Southeastern Conference. It is the oldest of Vanderbilts rivalries, dating back to 1891 when Vanderbilt played its football game
34.
Eastern Time Zone
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Places that use Eastern Standard Time when observing standard time are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern Daylight Time, when observing daylight saving time DST is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, in the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2,00 a. m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3,00 a. m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap, on the first Sunday in November, at 2,00 a. m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1,00 a. m, southern parts of the zone do not observe daylight saving time. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States, the act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2,00 a. m. EST to 3,00 a. m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, in Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. However, a handful of communities unofficially observe Eastern Time because they are part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area – Phenix City, Smiths Station, Lanett, and Valley. Florida, All of Florida is in the Eastern Time zone except for the portion of the Florida Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as the Eastern–Central zone boundary approaches the Gulf of Mexico, it follows the Bay/Gulf county line. Indiana, All of Indiana observes Eastern Time except for six counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Kentucky, Roughly, the half of the state, including all of metropolitan Louisville, is in the Eastern Time Zone. Historically the entire state observed Central Time, when daylight saving time was first introduced, the Lower Peninsula remained on DST after it formally ended, effectively re-aligning itself into the Eastern Time Zone. The Upper Peninsula continued to observe Central Time until 1972, when all, Tennessee, Most of the eastern third of Tennessee is legally on Eastern Time. Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States, since it includes the capital and the largest city. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, for example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time. Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time, national broadcast networks generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8,00 p. m. with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7,00 p. m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7,00 p. m. local time, as Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7,00 p. m. local time
35.
Arkansas Razorbacks
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The Razorbacks, also known as the Hogs, are the names of college sports teams at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, Arkansas. The Arkansas Razorbacks are the major sports team in the US with a porcine nickname. The University of Arkansas currently fields 19 total varsity teams in 13 sports, the Arkansas Razorbacks compete in the NCAAs Division I and is currently a member of the Southeastern Conference. Inside the state of Arkansas, the University of Arkansas has continued to maintain the policy of not competing against other in-state Division I schools. ASU is the school of the three to compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision, UALR does not have football, while UAPB. After classes were first held at the university, a contest was held on campus to select school colors, cardinal was selected over heliotrope, a shade of moderate purple. The first Arkansas football team was formed that year and was known as the Arkansas Cardinals. Sometime around the year 2000, the color black began making its way onto Razorback merchandise, indeed, for some time, the Collegiate Licensing Company touted the universitys colors as red and black instead of cardinal red and white. While this has been corrected, many manufacturers of UA related merchandise still make product according to the red, Arkansas merchandise sold at the highest levels in school history during the 2012–13 academic year when royalties through CLC ranked 10th best in the nation. In 1909, the team finished a 7–0 season, allowing only 18 points on defense. College Football Hall of Fame coach Hugo Bezdek proclaimed his team played like a band of razorback hogs. The name proved so popular that it was changed for the 1910 season, the tradition of calling the hogs, Woo, Pig. Sooie was added in the 1920s, in 1957, Frank Broyles was hired as the head football coach and served in that position for 19 years. Broyles team was awarded the 1964 National Championship by the Football Writers Association of America, at the time, The AP and UPI both awarded the designation before bowl games, and gave the award to Alabama. However, Alabama lost their game to Texas, while Arkansas won theirs against Nebraska. The FWAA and HAF both awarded their National Championship designations to Arkansas, who was the team to go undefeated through bowl games that year. Both the University of Arkansas and the University of Alabama claimed National Championships for the year 1964, in 1969, Broyles team was ranked #2 and played the #1-ranked Texas Longhorns, coached by Darrell Royal, in Fayetteville. The game, known as The Big Shootout is perhaps the most notable game in Razorback history
36.
Creighton Bluejays
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The Creighton Bluejays, or Jays, are the athletic teams that represent Creighton University, a Jesuit/Catholic University in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. They compete in NCAA Division I in the Big East Conference, Creighton University sponsors six mens and eight womens teams in NCAA sanctioned sports, Note = Womens rowing competes in the West Coast Conference. Creightons baseball team played its first Big East season in 2014 and they are coached by Ed Servais who is entering his eighth season as head coach of the Bluejays. His record at Creighton is 254-149, the team plays its home games at TD Ameritrade Park Omaha, also the home of the College World Series. 1991 College World Series Creighton appeared in the NCAA College World Series for the time in 1991. The Jays advanced to the CWS by defeating the Hawaii Rainbows 15-8 in finals of the NCAA West I Regional in Los Angeles, prior to the victory over Hawaii, the Jays swept the four-game regional by beating Pepperdine, Minnesota and host team USC in a 10-inning 8-7 victory. The seventh-seeded Bluejays opened play against the second seeded Clemson Tigers in front of then record crowd of more than 16,000 at Rosenblatt Stadium, the game ended with an 8-4 Creighton victory, setting up a second round match with MVC rival Wichita State. The Jays had finished the 1991 regular season with an record of 46-18. The Shockers had swept the regular season series with the Jays. In one of the more games in College World Series history. The game was ranked third in the list of the 25 greatest games in College World Series history by the Omaha World-Herald. The Jays bounced back to defeat Long Beach State 13-4 in an elimination game, a trip to the title game for Creighton was not to be, however, as Wichita State advanced to the National Championship game after defeating Creighton for the eighth time that season, 11-3. LSU defeated Wichita State 6-3 to win the 1991 NCAA Baseball National Championship, the Bluejays Head Coach during that memorable 1991 season, Jim Hendry, is a former General Manager of the Chicago Cubs. Jim Hendry is also the only former Creighton Bluejay to have his number retired and his name and number hang on the center field fence of Creighton Sports Complex. Creightons mens basketball program has a member of the Big East Conference since the 2013–14 season, prior to the 2013–14 season, the Jays were members of the Missouri Valley Conference from 1978–2013. Prior to the 1977–78 season, the Jays participated as an Independent from 1948–1977, creightons current head coach is Greg McDermott. He became head coach on April 27,2010, following stints as the coach at Wayne State, Northern Iowa. The mens team plays all of their games at the CenturyLink Center Omaha
37.
SEC on CBS
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CBS has been a television partner with the SEC since 1996, when the network returned to carrying regular-season college football on a weekly basis during the season. Televised games featuring teams outside the Southeastern Conference are branded as College Football on CBS, CBS was reduced to airing the Cotton Bowl Classic, which it had aired since 1958. It added the Sun Bowl in 1968, which remains on CBS to this day as of 2016, from 1974 to 1977, it also aired the Fiesta Bowl, and from 1978 to 1986 it carried the Peach Bowl. For the 1982 season, CBS was made a partner in the NCAA contract. CBS broadcast games from major conference, as well as the games of the then major independents such as Penn State, Notre Dame. As required by the NCAA, the network also televised Division I-AA, II and III games to very small audiences, giving such as The Citadel. The pregame show was titled The NCAA Today in the vein of its pro football counterpart The NFL Today, both shows were hosted by Brent Musburger. However, for the NCAA pregame show, Pat OBrien and Ara Parseghian were the analysts/feature reporters, gary Bender was the lead play-by-play announcer for game coverage, working with analysts such as Pat Haden and Steve Davis. Other CBS game commentators were Verne Lundquist, Lindsey Nelson, Frank Herzog, Jack Snow and this arrangement was in place during the 1982 and 1983 seasons. In 1984, after the U. S. Supreme Court invalidated the NCAA contract in NCAA v. However, the Big Ten and Pac-10 conferences were not included in this package, and signed their own agreement with CBS. Miami also reached an agreement for CBS to televise its most important home games, and in 1985, in 1985, Musburger took over the role of lead play-by-play voice, with Parseghian moving to the booth with him. Jim Nantz succeeded Musburger as studio host, in 1987, CBS took over the CFA contract, which it would hold until 1990. For 1987 and 1988, Pat Haden joined Musburger in the booth, with John Dockery manning the sidelines, Verne Lundquist, Tim Brant, Dick Stockton, Steve Zabriskie and Brad Nessler also called games for CBS during the CFA period. In 1989, Nantz became lead play-by-play announcer, but Haden remained the lead analyst for that year, after 1990, ABC obtained exclusive network coverage of regular season college football, as it won back the CFA and retained the Pac-10/Big Ten rights. As the 1990s began, CBS Division I-A college football coverage was reduced to its bowl game contracts, which it had with the then-John Hancock, Cotton and the then-Blockbuster bowls. However, it lost the rights to the Cotton Bowl to NBC after the 1992 game, CBS televised Major League Baseball from 1990 to 1993, so as a result the network was not without major sports coverage on Saturdays during the fall after the loss of college football. In 1994 and 1995, CBS did not have any major sports coverage in the fall. Under the terms of the contract, which ran from 1995 through 1997, CBS aired the Fiesta Bowl and Orange Bowl, CBS was the first network to air a Bowl Alliance national championship game, as Nebraska defeated Florida in the 1996 Fiesta Bowl
38.
Conference USA
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Conference USA is a collegiate athletic conference whose member institutions are located within the Southern United States. The conference participates in the NCAAs Division I in all sports, C-USAs offices are located in the Las Colinas business district of the Dallas suburb of Irving, Texas. C-USA was founded in 1995 by the merger of the Metro Conference and Great Midwest Conference, two Division I conferences that did not sponsor football. To even out at 12 members the conference invited the University of Houston, the conference immediately started competition in all sports except for football, which did not launch until 1996. To even out at 12 members the conference invited the University of Houston, the conference immediately started competition in all sports, except football which started in 1996. The conference saw radical changes for the 2005–06 academic year, the stage for these changes was set in 2003, when the Atlantic Coast Conference successfully lured Miami and Virginia Tech to make a move from the Big East Conference in 2004. Boston College would later make the move, joining the ACC in 2005. In response to that series of moves, which depleted the Big East football conference, five C-USA members departed for the Big East, including three football-playing schools and two non-football schools. Another two schools left for the Atlantic 10, TCU joined the Mountain West, and a member, Army. With the loss of these teams, C-USA lured six teams from other conferences, UCF and Marshall from the MAC, as well as Rice, SMU, Tulsa, and later UTEP from the WAC. Note that UCF played in the MAC for football only, for all other sports, with C-USAs membership now consisting of 12 schools, all of which sponsor football, the conference has adopted a two-division alignment. In 2013, C-USA entered its next phase with the departure of four schools for the American Athletic Conference and this was again the result of Big East schools leaving for the ACC, this time being Syracuse and Pittsburgh. It was announced in early 2012 that Conference USA was in talks with the Mountain West Conference about forming either a football alliance or conference merger in the future, as a result, both C-USA and the MW backed away from a full merger. As of April 2012, the likeliest scenario was an alliance in which both conferences retain separate identities. However, after the MW added more members, the alliance was apparently abandoned. For mens soccer, there was a chance that the MW, SEC, and C-USA along with the one Sun Belt member, however, the only MW member school that ultimately moved to C-USA mens soccer was New Mexico. For the 2013–14 season C-USA invited five new members to join their conference, UTSA and Louisiana Tech joined from the WAC and North Texas and FIU, from the Sun Belt Conference. Old Dominion, which already housed five of its sports in C-USA, moved the rest of its program from the CAA
