1.
Stockholm
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The city is spread across 14 islands on the coast in the southeast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago and the Baltic Sea. The area has settled since the Stone Age, in the 6th millennium BC. It is also the capital of Stockholm County, Stockholm is the cultural, media, political, and economic centre of Sweden. The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the countrys GDP and it is an important global city, and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region. The city is home to some of Europes top ranking universities, such as the Stockholm School of Economics, Karolinska Institute and it hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall. One of the citys most prized museums, the Vasa Museum, is the most visited museum in Scandinavia. The Stockholm metro, opened in 1950, is known for its decoration of the stations. Swedens national football arena is located north of the city centre, Ericsson Globe, the national indoor arena, is in the southern part of the city. The city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics, and hosted the equestrian portion of the 1956 Summer Olympics otherwise held in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Stockholm is the seat of the Swedish government and most of its agencies, including the highest courts in the judiciary, and the official residencies of the Swedish monarch and the Prime Minister. The government has its seat in the Rosenbad building, the Riksdag is seated in the Parliament House, and the Prime Ministers residence is adjacent at the Sager House. After the Ice Age, around 8,000 BCE, there were already a number of people living in the present-day Stockholm area. Thousands of years later, as the ground thawed, the climate became tolerable, at the intersection of the Baltic Sea and lake Mälaren is an archipelago site where the Old Town of Stockholm was first built from about 1000 CE by Vikings. They had a positive impact on the area because of the trade routes they created. Stockholms location appears in Norse sagas as Agnafit, and in Heimskringla in connection with the legendary king Agne, the earliest written mention of the name Stockholm dates from 1252, by which time the mines in Bergslagen made it an important site in the iron trade. The first part of the name means log in Swedish, although it may also be connected to an old German word meaning fortification, the second part of the name means islet, and is thought to refer to the islet Helgeandsholmen in central Stockholm. Stockholms core, the present Old Town was built on the island next to Helgeandsholmen from the mid 13th century onward. The city originally rose to prominence as a result of the Baltic trade of the Hanseatic League, Stockholm developed strong economic and cultural linkages with Lübeck, Hamburg, Gdańsk, Visby, Reval, and Riga during this time
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Sweden
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Sweden, officially the Kingdom of Sweden, is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. It borders Norway to the west and Finland to the east, at 450,295 square kilometres, Sweden is the third-largest country in the European Union by area, with a total population of 10.0 million. Sweden consequently has a low density of 22 inhabitants per square kilometre. Approximately 85% of the lives in urban areas. Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats/Götar and Swedes/Svear, Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested. Sweden is part of the area of Fennoscandia. The climate is in very mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence. Today, Sweden is a monarchy and parliamentary democracy, with a monarch as head of state. The capital city is Stockholm, which is also the most populous city in the country, legislative power is vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. Executive power is exercised by the government chaired by the prime minister, Sweden is a unitary state, currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. Sweden emerged as an independent and unified country during the Middle Ages, in the 17th century, it expanded its territories to form the Swedish Empire, which became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, the last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814, when Norway was militarily forced into personal union. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, maintaining a policy of neutrality in foreign affairs. The union with Norway was peacefully dissolved in 1905, leading to Swedens current borders, though Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars, Sweden engaged in humanitarian efforts, such as taking in refugees from German-occupied Europe. After the end of the Cold War, Sweden joined the European Union on 1 January 1995 and it is also a member of the United Nations, the Nordic Council, Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Sweden maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides health care. The modern name Sweden is derived through back-formation from Old English Swēoþēod and this word is derived from Sweon/Sweonas. The Swedish name Sverige literally means Realm of the Swedes, excluding the Geats in Götaland, the etymology of Swedes, and thus Sweden, is generally not agreed upon but may derive from Proto-Germanic Swihoniz meaning ones own, referring to ones own Germanic tribe
3.
Bonnier Group
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Bonnier AB is a privately held Swedish media group of 175 companies operating in 15 countries. It is controlled by the Bonnier family, the company was started in 1804 by Gerhard Bonnier in Copenhagen, Denmark, when Bonnier published his first book, Underfulde og sandfærdige kriminalhistorier. Gerhards sons later moved to Sweden, Bonnier Tidskrifter publishes magazines, including Veckans Affärer, Damernas Värld, Amelia, Sköna Hem, Teknikens Värld, Resume, nearly a dozen crossword magazines, and the tablet magazine C Mode. In Germany, Bonnier Media Deutschland includes Ullstein Buchverlage, Piper Verlag, Thienemann Verlag and Carlsen Verlag, in Norway, along with magazines from Bonnier Media and the movie chain SF Kino and film distribution company SF Norge, subsidiaries include book publisher Cappelen Damm. In January 2007, the Bonnier Magazine Group acquired 18 magazines from Time Inc, book publisher Weldon Owen is also part of the company. Bonnier Publishing USA was formed in August 2016, composed of the publisher Weldon Owen, the president of Little Bee, Shimul Tolia has become the CEO of this group. Bonnier owns business newspapers in Estonia, Lithuania, Poland and Slovenia, as well as journals in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Poland. Bonnier is also several digital startups, including the tablet publishing platform Mag+ and childrens toy app producer. Bonnier is controlled by around 75 family members, including some seventh-generation heirs, some well-known relatives and descendants of the Bonnier family include, In January 2007, the Bonnier Magazine Group agreed to acquire 18 magazines that Time Inc. was divesting. s Time4 Media Group. Also included were Parenting, and Babytalk, which were part of the Parenting Group and that price was believed to be a multiple of about 11 times cash flow for a group that had net income of around US$20 million and revenue of around $230 million. We think we did a deal, and we think Time did as well, said Jonas Bonnier. Official website Company Overview of Bonnier AB by Bloomberg Businessweek
4.
Filmstaden
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Filmstaden was a film studio situated in Råsunda, Solna Municipality in Stockholm, Sweden. Built by the main Swedish film producer at the time, Svensk Filmindustri, in 1919–1920, some 400 movies have been created at Filmstaden. The first movie to be filmed at Filmstaden was The Phantom Carriage by director Victor Sjöström, practically all Swedish actors and film directors of the 20th century had some connection with Filmstaden. In 1969, Svensk Filminstustri finally left Filmstaden, and the studios were used by film producers, production of television dramas. One of the last major films to partly have been filmed at Filmstaden was The Emigrants, most of the buildings were quite well preserved until the beginning of the 21st century when Filmstaden had to make way for a housing development. Some buildings, however, have been renovated and Svensk Filmindustri has moved its headquarters back to a studio building. Anders Birkeland, Filmstaden 1919-2000, Stockholm, Streiffert,2000, ISBN 91-7886-217-5
5.
Solna Municipality
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Solna Municipality is a municipality in Stockholm County in south-east Sweden, located just north of the Stockholm City Centre. Its seat is located in the town of Solna, which is a part of the Stockholm urban area, the municipality is a part of Metropolitan Stockholm. None of the area is considered rural, which is unusual for Swedish municipalities, Solna is the third smallest municipality in Sweden in terms of area. There are two parishes in Solna Municipality, Råsunda and Solna, Solna is divided into eight traditional parts with no administrative functions, Bergshamra, Haga, Hagalund, Huvudsta, Järva, Råsunda, Skytteholm and Ulriksdal. The largest districts are Råsunda, Hagalund and Huvudsta, with the Solna Centrum in between them, the final matches of both the 1958 FIFA World Cup and the 1995 FIFA Womens World Cup were played at Råsunda Stadium, the national football stadium from 1937 to 2012. Solna has very low tax rates and has attracted a range of companies and authorities. Among the most important employers are the medical university Karolinska Institutet, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute are also located in Solna. As with all 290 municipalities of Sweden, Solna has a municipal assembly, an executive committee is appointed by its members. It was served by trams until 1959, trams returned after 54 years of absence when Tvärbanan was extended from Alvik to Solna centrum. A further extension will be opened in 2014, skanska has its head office in Solna. NextJet has its office in Solna. Mall of Scandinavia has opened in November 2015 and is located in Solna, the head office of Scandinavian Airlines and SAS Group is located in Solna. The airline head office was located on the property of Stockholm Arlanda Airport in Sigtuna Municipality. Haga Park, part of the Royal National City Park, was initiated by king Gustav III, the city features three of Swedens royal palaces. Friends Arena, the Swedish national arena of association football, the Solna Church was constructed in the 12th century. For defensive purposes, it was built as a round church, the following football clubs are located in Solna, AIK Blue Hill KF Råsunda IS Vasalunds IF Solna Gymnasium is the senior high school/sixth form college of Solna
6.
Filmmaking
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Filmmaking is the process of making a film. Filmmaking takes place in places around the world in a range of economic, social, and political contexts. Typically, it involves a number of people, and can take from a few months to several years to complete. Film production consists of five stages, Development, The first stage in which the ideas for the film are created, rights to books/plays are bought etc. Financing for the project has to be sought and greenlit, pre-production, Preparations are made for the shoot, in which cast and film crew are hired, locations are selected and sets are built. Production, The raw elements for the film are recorded during the film shoot, post-production, The images, sound, and visual effects of the recorded film are edited. Distribution, The finished film is distributed and screened in cinemas and released to home video. In this stage, the project producer selects a story, which may come from a book, play, another film, true story, video game, comic book, graphic novel, or an original idea, etc. After identifying a theme or underlying message, the works with writers to prepare a synopsis. Next they produce an outline, which breaks the story down into one-paragraph scenes that concentrate on dramatic structure. Then, they prepare a treatment, a 25-to-30-page description of the story, its mood and this usually has little dialogue and stage direction, but often contains drawings that help visualize key points. Another way is to produce a scriptment once a synopsis is produced, next, a screenwriter writes a screenplay over a period of several months. The screenwriter may rewrite it several times to improve dramatization, clarity, structure, characters, dialogue, however, producers often skip the previous steps and develop submitted screenplays which investors, studios, and other interested parties assess through a process called script coverage. A film distributor may be contacted at a stage to assess the likely market. All these factors imply a certain appeal of the film to a possible audience, not all films make a profit from the theatrical release alone, so film companies take DVD sales and worldwide distribution rights into account. The producer and screenwriter prepare a film pitch, or treatment and they will also pitch the film to actors and directors in order to attach them to the project. Many projects fail to move beyond this stage and enter so-called development hell, if a pitch succeeds, a film receives a green light, meaning someone offers financial backing, typically a major film studio, film council, or independent investor. The parties involved negotiate a deal and sign contracts, once all parties have met and the deal has been set, the film may proceed into the pre-production period
7.
Movie theater
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A movie theater or movie theatre is a venue, usually a building, that contains an auditorium for viewing films, for entertainment. Most, but not all, movie theaters are commercial operations catering to the general public, Some movie theaters, however, are operated by non-profit organizations or societies which charge members a membership fee to view films. The film is projected with a projector onto a large projection screen at the front of the auditorium while the dialogue, sounds. Since the 1970s, subwoofers have used for low-pitched sounds. In the 2010s, most movie theaters are equipped for digital cinema projection, removing the need to create, a great variety of films are shown at cinemas, ranging from animated films for children, blockbusters for general audiences and documentaries for patrons who are interested in non-fiction topics. The smallest movie theaters have a viewing room with a single screen. In the 2010s, most movie theaters have multiple screens, the largest theater complexes, which are called multiplexes—a design developed in the U. S. in the 1960s—have up to 25 screens. The audience members sit on padded seats which in most theaters are set up on a sloped floor. Movie theaters typically sell soft drinks, popcorn and candy and some theaters also sell hot fast food, in some jurisdictions, movie theaters are licensed to sell alcoholic drinks. A movie theater may also be referred to as a theatre, movie house, film house. In the US, theater has long been the preferred spelling, while in the UK, Canada, the latter terms, as well as their derivative adjectives cinematic and kinematic, ultimately derive from Greek κινῆμα, κινήματος —movement, motion. In the countries where those terms are used, the theatre is usually reserved for live performance venues. Colloquial expressions, mostly applied to motion pictures and motion picture theaters collectively, include the silver screen, specific to North American term is the movies, while specific terms in the UK are the pictures, the flicks and for the facility itself the flea pit. A screening room is a theater, often a private one. Open air place in ancient times for viewing spectacles and plays, the term theater comes from the Old French word theatre, from the 12th century and. The use of the theatre to mean a building where plays are shown dates from the 1570s in the English language. The earliest precursors to movies were magic lantern shows, magic lanterns used a glass lens, a shutter and a powerful lamp to project images from glass slides onto a white wall or screen. The invention of the Argand lamp in the 1790s, limelight in the 1820s, the magic lantern could project rudimentary moving images, which was achieved by the use of various types of mechanical slides
8.
Aktiebolag
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Aktiebolag is the Swedish term for limited company or corporation. When used in names, it is abbreviated AB, Ab, or A/B, roughly equivalent to the abbreviations Ltd. The State authority responsible for registration of aktiebolag in Sweden is called the Swedish Companies Registration Office, all aktiebolag are divided into two categories, private limited companies and public limited companies. The name of a limited company may not contain the word publikt. A public limited company is legally denoted as AB in Sweden or Abp in Finland, a Swedish public limited company must have a minimum share capital of 500,000 Swedish kronor and its shares can be offered to the general public on the stock market. For a private limited company in Sweden, the share capital is 50,000 Swedish kronor. The main Swedish statutes regulating limited companies are The Companies Act, the law provisions in ABL stipulate that parent companies and subsidiaries are separate legal persons and legal entities. The abbreviation AB is seen in names such as IFS AB, MySQL AB, Mojang AB, Spotify AB. The term aktiebolag is also used in Finland Swedish, alongside the Finnish osakeyhtiö, the choice and ordering of terms tends to indicate the companys primary working language
9.
Ingmar Bergman
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Ernst Ingmar Bergman was a Swedish director, writer, and producer who worked in film, television, theatre and radio. He directed over sixty films and documentaries for cinematic release and for television and he also directed over 170 plays. From 1953 he forged a creative partnership with his full-time cinematographer Sven Nykvist. Among his company of actors were Harriet and Bibi Andersson, Liv Ullmann, Gunnar Björnstrand, Erland Josephson, Ingrid Thulin, most of his films were set in Sweden, and numerous films from Through a Glass Darkly onward were filmed on the island of Fårö. His work often dealt with death, illness, faith, betrayal, bleakness and insanity. Ingmar Bergman was born in Uppsala, Sweden, the son of Erik Bergman, a Lutheran minister and later chaplain to the King of Sweden, and Karin and he grew up with his older brother Dag and sister Margareta surrounded by religious imagery and discussion. His father was a parish minister with strict ideas of parenting. Ingmar was locked up in dark closets for infractions, such as wetting the bed, there was everything that ones imagination could desire—angels, saints, dragons, prophets, devils, humans. Although raised in a devout Lutheran household, Bergman later stated that he lost his faith at age eight and only came to terms with this fact while making Winter Light in 1962. His interest in theatre and film began early, At the age of nine, he traded a set of tin soldiers for a magic lantern, a possession that altered the course of his life. Within a year, he had created, by playing with this toy and he fashioned his own scenery, marionettes, and lighting effects and gave puppet productions of Strindberg plays in which he spoke all the parts. Bergman attended Palmgrens School as a teenager and his school years were unhappy, and he remembered them unfavorably in later years. Bergman wrote in a response that he had disliked the emphasis on homework. In 1934, aged 16, he was sent to Germany to spend the vacation with family friends. He attended a Nazi rally in Weimar at which he saw Adolf Hitler, Bergman commented that Hitler was unbelievably charismatic. The Nazism I had seen seemed fun and youthful, Bergman did two five-month stretches of mandatory military service. In 1937 he entered Stockholm University College to study art and literature and he spent most of his time involved in student theatre and became a genuine movie addict. At the same time, a romantic involvement led to a break with his father lasted for years
10.
Children's literature
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Childrens literature or juvenile literature includes stories, books, magazines, and poems that are enjoyed by children. Modern childrens literature is classified in two different ways, genre or the age of the reader. Childrens literature can be traced to stories and songs, part of an oral tradition. The development of childrens literature, before printing was invented, is difficult to trace. Even after printing became widespread, many childrens tales were originally created for adults. Since the 15th century, a quantity of literature, often with a moral or religious message, has been aimed specifically at children. The late nineteenth and early centuries became known as the Golden Age of Childrens Literature as this period included the publication of many books acknowledged today as classics. There is no single or widely used definition of childrens literature and it can be broadly defined as anything that children read or more specifically defined as fiction, non-fiction, poetry, or drama intended for and used by children and young people. The International Companion Encyclopedia of Childrens Literature notes that the boundaries of genre. are not fixed but blurred, sometimes, no agreement can be reached about whether a given work is best categorized as literature for adults or children. Rowlings Harry Potter series was written and marketed for young adults, the series extreme popularity led The New York Times to create a separate best-seller list for childrens books. Despite the widespread association of childrens literature with picture books, spoken narratives existed before printing, seth Lerer, in the opening of Childrens Literature, A Readers History from Aesop to Harry Potter, says, This book presents a history of what children have heard and read. The history I write of is a history of reception, early childrens literature consisted of spoken stories, songs, and poems that were used to educate, instruct, and entertain children. It was only in the 18th century, with the development of the concept of childhood, that a genre of childrens literature began to emerge, with its own divisions, expectations. French historian Philippe Ariès argues in his 1962 book Centuries of Childhood that the concept of childhood only emerged in recent times. He explains that children were in the past not considered as different from adults and were not given significantly different treatment. Pre-modern childrens literature, therefore, tended to be of a didactic and moralistic nature, with the purpose of conveying conduct-related, educational, during the 17th century, the concept of childhood began to emerge in Europe. Adults saw children as separate beings, innocent and in need of protection, the English philosopher John Locke developed his theory of the tabula rasa in his 1690 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. A corollary of this doctrine was that the mind of the child was born blank, and he also suggested that picture books be created for children
11.
Astrid Lindgren
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Astrid Anna Emilia Lindgren was a Swedish writer of fiction and screenplays. As of January 2017, she is the worlds 18th most translated author, Lindgren has sold roughly 144 million books worldwide. Astrid Lindgren grew up in Näs, near Vimmerby, Småland, Sweden, Lindgren was the daughter of Samuel August Ericsson and Hanna Jonsson. She had two sisters, Stina and Ingegerd, and a brother, Gunnar Ericsson, who became a member of the Swedish parliament. Upon finishing school, Lindgren took a job with a newspaper in Vimmerby. She had a relationship with the editor, who was married. She declined and moved to the city of Stockholm, learning to become a typist. In due time, she gave birth to her son, Lars, in Copenhagen and left him in the care of a foster family. Although poorly paid, she saved whatever she could and travelled as often as possible to Copenhagen to be with Lars, often just over a weekend, spending most of her time on the train back and forth. Eventually, she managed to bring Lars home, leaving him in the care of her parents until she could afford to raise him in Stockholm, in 1931 she married her employer, Sture Lindgren, who left his wife for her. Three years later, in 1934, Lindgren gave birth to her child, Karin. The character Pippi Longstocking was invented for her daughter to amuse her while she was ill in bed, Lindgren later related that Karin had suddenly said to her, Tell me a story about Pippi Longstocking, and the tale was created in response to that request. The family moved in 1941 to an apartment on Dalagatan, with a view over Vasaparken, Astrid Lindgren died in her home in central Stockholm. Her funeral took place in the Storkyrkan in Gamla stan, among those attending were King Carl XVI Gustaf with Queen Silvia and others of the royal family, and Prime Minister Göran Persson. The ceremony was described as the closest you can get to a state funeral, Lindgren worked as a journalist and secretary before becoming a full-time author. She served as a secretary for the 1933 Swedish Summer Grand Prix, in 1944 Lindgren won second prize in a competition held by Rabén & Sjögren, a new publishing house, with the novel Britt-Marie lättar sitt hjärta. A year later she won first prize in the competition with the chapter book Pippi Långstrump. Since then it has one of the most beloved childrens books in the world and has been translated into 60 languages
12.
Nordic countries
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The Nordic countries or Nordics are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic, where they are most commonly known as Norden. They consist of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden, the population of the Nordic countries are mainly Scandinavian or Finnish, with Greenlandic Inuit and the Sami people as minorities. Of todays native languages, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic, the non-Germanic languages spoken are Finnish, Greenlandic and several Sami languages. The main religion is Lutheran Christianity, the Nordic countries have much in common in their way of life, history, their use of Scandinavian languages and social structure. Politically, Nordic countries do not form an entity. Especially in English, Scandinavia is sometimes used as a synonym for the Nordic countries, Scandinavian Peninsula on the other hand covers mainland Norway and Sweden as well as the northernmost part of Finland. At 3,425,804 square kilometers, the area of the Nordic countries would form the 7th-largest country in the world. Uninhabitable icecaps and glaciers comprise about half of area, mostly in Greenland. In January 2013, the region had a population of around 26 million people, the Nordic countries cluster near the top in numerous metrics of national performance, including education, economic competitiveness, civil liberties, quality of life, and human development. Although the area is linguistically heterogeneous, with three unrelated groups, the common linguistic heritage is one of the factors making up the Nordic identity. The North Germanic languages Danish, Norwegian and Swedish are considered mutually intelligible and these languages are taught in school throughout the Nordic countries. Swedish, for example, is a subject in Finnish schools. Danish is mandatory in Faroese and Greenlandic schools, as these states are a part of the Danish Realm. Iceland also teaches Danish, since Iceland too was a part of the Danish Realm until 1918, there is a high degree of income redistribution and little social unrest. The Nordic countries consists of historical territories of the Scandinavian countries, areas that share a common history and it is meant unambiguously to refer to this larger group, since the term Scandinavia is narrower and sometimes ambiguous. The Nordic countries are considered to unambiguously refer to Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The term is derived indirectly from the local term Norden, used in the Scandinavian languages, unlike the Nordic countries, the term Norden is in the singular. The demonym is nordbo, literally meaning northern dweller, especially outside of the Nordic region the term Scandinavia is often used incorrectly as a synonym for the Nordic countries
13.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
14.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds
15.
STX Entertainment
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STX Entertainment is an American entertainment company founded on March 10,2014 by Robert Simonds and Bill McGlashan. They specialize in film and television production, as well as digital media, the conversation led to the launch of STX Entertainment in 2014, with a mission to finance, develop, produce, market and self-distribute 8 to 10 medium budget star-driven films worldwide per year. Rather than pursuing the traditional process, STX has direct distribution agreements with North American theater chains AMC, Regal, Cinemark, Marcus Theatres. STX is backed by venture capital firm TPG, Chinese private equity firm Hony Capital, the studio has announced plans to invest over $1 billion per year through 2018 in making, marketing and distributing films. STX closed a further round of financing in August 2016 that valued the company at close to $1.5 billion, additional major strategic investments were made from companies including Chinese technology giant Tencent and Hong Kong-based telecommunications firm PCCW. Later in August 2016, STX acquired VR content producer Surreal to begin powering some of their own efforts in the virtual reality space, terms of the deal were not disclosed. STX also acquired rights to the action film Hardcore Henry for $10 million after its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival. In April 2016, it was announced that Barbra Streisand and Barry Levinson will be producing a version of the Broadway musical Gypsy for STX. At the 2016 CinemaCon in Las Vegas, STX announced it would be working with Sylvester Stallone on a new project. In May 2016, it was announced that STX would develop the teen comedy Alex Strangelove, to be directed by Craig Johnson from his own script, and to be produced by Ben Stillers Red Hour Films. Additionally, STX announced it would have an animation and family division, sTXs first television project was the 13-episode series State of Affairs, which was developed by STX and sold to NBC. The drama/thriller stars Katherine Heigl and Alfre Woodard and it premiered on NBC on November 17,2014. STX is also producing the NBC pilot Problem Child, based on the 1990 film of the same name, in September 2014, former Universal Pictures chairman Adam Fogelson was hired as STX’s Chairman of the Motion Picture Group division. In April 2016, David Kosse announced he would be leaving as CEO of British production company Film4 to join STX as president of its new STX International division
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StudioCanal
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Studiocanal is a French film production and distribution company that owns the third-largest film library in the world. The company is a unit of the Canal+ Group, owned by Vivendi, the company was founded in 1987 by Pierre Lescure as a spin-off of the Canal+ pay-TV network. The original function was to focus on French and European productions, StudioCanals most notable productions from its early years include Terminator 2, Judgment Day, JFK, Basic Instinct, Cliffhanger, Under Siege, Free Willy, and the original Stargate movie. In those days, it was known as Le Studio Canal+ and it has strong links to Universal Studios. Other films the company financed include U-571, Bully, and Bridget Joness Diary, StudioCanal also funded the last third of David Lynchs film Mulholland Drive. StudioCanal also financed French-language films, such as Brotherhood of the Wolf, StudioCanal acquired film libraries from studios that either went defunct or had merged with it over the years. As a result, the library is the third-largest in the world, behind Warner Bros. 2 years later, their expansion into an international market took place with StudioCanals acquisition of German distributor Kinowelt who had distributed their films up to that point. Both companies have since then been renamed StudioCanal, StudioCanals acquisition of Australian-New Zealand distributor Hoyts Distribution took place in 2012-and was StudioCanals third expansion into an international market. In June 2016, StudioCanal acquired the rights to the Paddington Bear brand, along with the Copyrights Group. StudioCanal then announced that it would be producing three more Paddington films, sony Pictures Home Entertainment handles distribution of StudioCanal/Hoyts Distribution films in Australia and New Zealand on DVD and Blu-ray. StudioCanal also handles home video distribution of 550 titles from the Miramax library internationally since February 2011
17.
Conceive (magazine)
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Conceive Magazine is a health and lifestyle publication that provides information about womens health and fertility, about various methods of conception, and about adoption. The magazine has its headquarters in Orlando, Florida, Conceive was founded by Kim Hahn and offers information and support to women interested in starting or expanding their families. The content also includes articles on nutrition, exercise, emotional wellbeing, sex, the magazine also covers early pregnancy. In addition to the magazine, the Conceive brand includes a website, e-newsletters, in October 2009 Conceive was acquired by the Bonnier Corporation, the U. S. branch of a large Swedish media company, with over 50 titles in the United States. Conceive joined Bonniers Parenting Group, which includes the magazines Parenting, Babytalk, and Working Mother
18.
Cycle World
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Cycle World is a motorcycling magazine in the United States. It was founded in 1962 by Joe Parkhurst, who was inducted to the Motorcycle Hall of Fame as, as of 2001 Cycle World was the largest motorcycling magazine in the world. The magazine is headquartered in Irvine, California, regular contributors include Peter Egan and Nick Ienatsch. Occasional contributors have included Hunter S. Thompson and professional riding coach Ken Hill, Parkhurst sold Cycle World to CBS in 1971. CBS executive Peter G. Diamandis and his associates bought CBS Magazines from CBS in 1987, forming Diamandis Communications, in 2011, Hachette sold the magazine to Hearst Corporation, which in turn sold Cycle World to Bonnier Corporation the same year
19.
Field & Stream
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Field & Stream is a magazine featuring fishing, hunting, and other outdoor activities in the United States. Together with Sports Afield and Outdoor Life, it is considered one of the Big Three of American outdoor publishing. Founded in 1895 by John P. Burkhard and Henry Wellington Wack, Field & Stream has more than 1 million print subscribers, in addition to those departments, each issue contains a longform featured articles, for which it is renowned. Warren H. Miller was its editor from 1910 to 1918. The magazine absorbed its competitor, Forest and Stream, in 1930. Henry Holt and Company purchased the magazine in 1951. in 2001, sid Evans was brought in to replace Slaton White, who remained on staff, as editor. Field and Stream was one of 18 magazines sold to Bonnier Group in February 2007, anthony Licata was then appointed editor, and under Licata the magazine won two coveted National Magazine Awards for General Excellence, in 2009 and 2014. The magazines current contributors include C. J. Chivers, Jonathan Miles, Bill Heavey, T. Edward Nickens, Phil Bourjaily, Rick Bass, and David E. Petzal. Notable past contributors include Robert Ruark, Ted Trueblood, Ed Zern, Nick Lyons, Tom Kelly, Thomas McGuane, Gene Hill, the magazine is currently edited by Colin Kearns, who was promoted from senior deputy editor in late 2016. Corey Ford Outside Field & Stream
20.
Flying (magazine)
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Flying is an aviation magazine published since 1927. It is read by pilots, aircraft owners, and aviation-oriented executives in business and it has the largest paid subscription, newsstand, and international circulation of any U. S. -based aviation magazine, according to the publisher, Bonnier Corporation. They promote it as The Worlds Most Widely Read Aviation Magazine, new York City as the Official Organ of the Aero Club of America, measuring 30 cm. by 22 cm. and illustrated in black and white, including extensive advertising. Its volumes ran from February each year to the January issue of the following year and it was absorbed by the weekly magazine Aerial Age in 1922 after completion of the tenth volume, Feb. 1921–Jan. Flying had a position regarding copyright, announcing in their banner that The object of FLYING being principally to widen the circle of interest. Publications may reproduce articles and cuts and it is only requested that credit be given to FLYING. Richard Bach Gordon Baxter Richard L. Collins Peter Garrison Len Morgan Official site
21.
Outdoor Life
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Outdoor Life is an outdoors magazine about camping, fishing, hunting, and survival. It is a magazine of Field & Stream. Together with Sports Afield, they are considered the Big Three of American outdoor publishing by Money, Outdoor Life was launched in Denver, Colorado in January 1898. McGuire, intended Outdoor Life to be a magazine for sportsmen, written by sportsmen, the first issue covered topics including a moose hunt in Alaska and advice about Native Americans. Some of the sections were titled, Photography, Trap and Target. Outdoor Life was an innovative publication, in 1903, the first photograph was printed on the cover in black and white. A short time later, in 1906, the first color cover appeared on the magazine, in 1934, Outdoor Life moved from its original location in Denver to New York City, where it remains today. For many years, Outdoor Life was owned by the Popular Science Publishing Company, Time Inc. bought the Times Mirror magazines in 2001. In 2007, Time Warner sold Outdoor Life and several publications to Bonnier Corporation. Outdoor Lifes editorial coverage followed its audiences interests in new developments, such as aviation, boating, however, it stayed true to its original focus, the outdoorsman. Other famous contributors include Amelia Earhart, Clark Gable, and Babe Ruth, the Outdoor Life Network name was retained on the Canadian version of the channel. The Outdoor Life Conservation Award was first given in 1923 to those who “accomplish the greatest good for the cause in the United States. McGuire, Jimmy Carter is the most famous recipient, there is also an Outdoor Life Conservation Pledge. Established in 1946 and then revised in 1993, it has taken by thousands of people including Harry Truman and Al Gore. The pledge reads, “I pledge to protect and conserve the resources of America. I promise to educate future generations so they may become caretakers of our water, air, land and wildlife. ”In 2004, the editorial content of the magazine has been critical of PETA and other animal rights groups, and anti-hunting groups. Official website AliveOutdoor Corey Ford Outside
22.
Popular Science
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Popular Science is an American bi-monthly magazine carrying popular science content, which refers to articles for the general reader on science and technology subjects. Popular Science has won over 58 awards, including the American Society of Magazine Editors awards for its excellence in both 2003 and 2004. With roots beginning in 1872, PopSci has been translated into over 30 languages and is distributed to at least 45 countries. The Popular Science Monthly, as the publication was called, was founded in May 1872 by Edward L. Youmans to disseminate scientific knowledge to the educated layman. Youmans had previously worked as an editor for the weekly Appletons Journal, early issues were mostly reprints of English periodicals. William Jay Youmans, Edwards brother, helped found Popular Science Monthly in 1872 and was an editor as well and he became editor-in-chief on Edwards death in 1887. The publisher, D. Appleton & Company, was forced for economic reasons to sell the journal in 1900, james McKeen Cattell became the editor in 1900 and the publisher in 1901. Cattell had a background in academics and continued publishing articles for educated readers, by 1915 the readership was declining and publishing a science journal was a financial challenge. The existing journal would continue the tradition as Scientific Monthly. Existing subscribers would remain subscribed under the new name, Scientific Monthly was published until 1958 when it was absorbed into Science. The Modern Publishing Company acquired the Popular Science Monthly name and this company had purchased Electrician and Mechanic magazine in 1914 and over the next two years merged several magazines together into a science magazine for a general audience. The October 1915 issue was titled Popular Science Monthly and Worlds Advance, the volume number was that of Popular Science but the content was that of Worlds Advance. The new editor was Waldemar Kaempffert, an editor of Scientific American. The change in Popular Science Monthly was dramatic, the old version was a scholarly journal that had eight to ten articles in a 100-page issue. There would be ten to twenty photographs or illustrations, the new version had hundreds of short, easy to read articles with hundreds of illustrations. Editor Kaempffert was writing for the craftsman and hobbyist who wanted to know something about the world of science. The circulation doubled in the first year, from the mid-1930s to the 1960s, the magazine featured fictional stories of Gus Wilsons Model Garage, centered on car problems. An annual review of changes to the new model year cars ran in 1940 and 41 and it continued until the mid-1970s when the magazine reverted to publishing the new models over multiple issues as information became available
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Salt Water Sportsman
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Salt Water Sportsman is a magazine about recreational marine fishing in the United States and throughout the world. Originally published in Boston, Massachusetts in 1939, Salt Water Sportsman expanded from its roots covering New England waters to address saltwater fishing issues throughout the world, the magazine is based in Winter Park, Florida. Glenn Law is the editor-in-chief of the magazine, topics covered in Salt Water Sportsman include fishing techniques, knots, rods and reels, fishing line, lures, rigs, boats and marine and outboard motors. The magazine has published articles on how to catch specific kinds of fish, including dolphin, yellowfin tuna, in recent years, the magazine has taken stances on conservation issues such as commercial overfishing, catch and release, mercury contamination and marine habitat degradation
24.
Saveur
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Saveur is a gourmet, food, wine, and travel magazine that specializes in essays about various world cuisines. Its slogan—Savor a World of Authentic Cuisine—signals the publications focus on enduring culinary traditions, the publication was co-founded by Dorothy Kalins, Michael Grossman, Christopher Hirsheimer, and Colman Andrews, who was also the editor-in-chief from 1996 to 2001. It was started by Meigher Communications in 1994, World Publications bought Saveur and Garden Design in 2000. World Publications was renamed Bonnier Corporation in 2007, a popular feature is the Saveur 100, an annual list of favorite restaurants, food, drink, people, places and things. Saveur was created by Dorothy Kalins, then editor-in-chief of Metropolitan Home magazine, Kalins launched the new food magazine with the help of Christopher Hirsheimer and Colman Andrews. Kalins served as Saveurs founding editor-in-chief, with Michael Grossman as creative director, Andrews as executive editor, Saveur was originally published six times a year by Meigher Communications, a now-defunct publishing company founded by Chris Meigher, a former Time Inc. executive. Saveur has always been based in New York City, do you see the world food first. Kalins wrote in her first First column, the letter from the editor. We think its time for a new kind of food magazine—one that reconnects us with the ingredients, the process and we think its time to stop and smell the rosemary. Kalins departed Saveur in 2000 after the magazine was purchased by World Publications, under World Publications the magazine was published eight times a year. Andrews served as in editor-in-chief until 2006, he departed shortly after Bonnier, James Oseland, a regular Saveur writer who was brought on by Andrews as executive editor, became editor-in-chief in 2006. Oseland, whose first cookbook, Cradle of Flavor, Home Cooking from the Spice Islands of Indonesia, Singapore and these themed packages and issues included not only recipes and techniques, but also multiple narratives, providing diverse perspectives on each topic of focus. In 2010, Saveur opened nominations for the inaugural Best Food Blog Awards in nine categories, in 2011, readers voted for their favorite food blogs in 17 categories, including Best Food Photography, Best Regional Cuisine Blog, and Best Kitchen Tools and Hardware Coverage. 2014 was the first year featuring Readers Choice and Editors Choice winners, the 2015 awards honored 78 blogs in 13 categories. Saveur has a circulation of 325,000 subscribers, and Saveur. com has 2 million unique visitors monthly, Saveur has been awarded 23 James Beard Journalism Awards. It has been a finalist for the American Society awards 19 times, Saveur official site 2012 Best Food Blog Awards 2013 Best Food Blog Awards 2014 Best Food Blog Awards 2015 Best Food Blog Awards
25.
Science Illustrated
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Science Illustrated is a multilingual popular science magazine published by Bonnier Publications International A/S. Science Illustrated was launched simultaneously in Denmark, Norway and Sweden in 1984, the Finnish version was started in Finland in 1986. It is published in Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Germany, United States, Greece, Netherlands, the Australian version was launched in late 2009 by Australian Media Properties, who also publish technology-focused title Popular Science. According to official websites, the magazine – with a circulation of 370,000 copies – is the biggest in the Nordic countries on nature, technology, medicine. With the March/April 2013 issue, Bonnier has ceased publication of Science Illustrated in USA, current American subscribers are being transferred to Popular Science for the remainder of their subscription. The Danish version of the magazine had a circulation of 54,515 copies in 2010 and 52,595 copies in 2011 and it was 46,812 copies in 2012. The circulation of the Swedish edition was 89,400 copies in 2014, List of Norwegian magazines List of magazines in Denmark Bonnier Publications Australia Greece
26.
Working Mother
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Launched in 1979, Working Mother magazine is the only national magazine for career-committed mothers, WorkingMother. com gives working mothers home and work advice, solutions, and ideas. 2010 marked the 25th anniversary of Working Mother’s signature research initiative, Working Mother 100 Best Companies, the 2014 Working Mother 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers were announced September 16,2014. The launching editor of the magazine is Vivian Cadden, in 2014 the magazine named Meghan Stabler one of its Working Mothers of the Year, making her the first openly transgender woman to receive that honor. Working Mother Media, a division of Bonnier Corporation, includes the National Association for Female Executives, Diversity Best Practices, Working Mother Media’s mission is to serve as a champion of culture change. Bonnier Group Paid family leave Official website
27.
FHM
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FHM was a UK monthly mens lifestyle magazine. It contained features such as the FHM100 Sexiest Women in the World, on 17 November 2015, FHM announced on its website that it would be suspending publication. Circulation expanded to newsagents as a quarterly by the spring of 1987 and it subsequently dominated the mens market and began to expand internationally, being published in 27 countries including Pakistan and India. FHM was sold as part of the company sale, from EMAP to Hamburg based company Bauer Media Group in February 2008. On 17 November 2015, FHM announced their intention to suspend publication alongside that of mens magazine ZOO. Each of FHMs international editions publish yearly rankings for the sexiest women alive based on public, dates of magazine issues, winners, ages of winners at the time of selection, and pertinent comments are listed below. The data below refer only to the British edition, FHM was published in the following territories. The Girls of FHM List of mens magazines Official website
28.
National Geographic
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National Geographic is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society. It has been published continuously since its first issue in 1888 and it primarily contains articles about science, geography, history, and world culture. The magazine is known for its thick square-bound glossy format with a rectangular border. The magazine is published monthly, and additional map supplements are also included with subscriptions and it is available in a traditional printed edition and through an interactive online edition. On occasion, special editions of the magazine are issued and this includes a US circulation of 3.5 million. From the 1970s through about 2010 the magazine was printed in Corinth, Mississippi, the current Editor-in-Chief of the National Geographic Magazine is Susan Goldberg. Goldberg is also Editorial Director for National Geographic Partners, overseeing the print and she is responsible for News, Books, National Geographic Traveler magazine, National Geographic History magazine, Maps, and all digital content with the exception of National Geographic Kids. Goldberg reports to Declan Moore, CEO of National Geographic Partners, the first issue of National Geographic Magazine was published on September 22,1888, nine months after the Society was founded. The June 1985 cover portrait of the presumed to be 12-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula, shot by photographer Steve McCurry, in the late 1990s, the magazine began publishing The Complete National Geographic, a digital compilation of all the past issues of the magazine. It was then sued over copyright of the magazine as a work in Greenberg v. National Geographic and other cases. The magazine eventually prevailed in the dispute, and in July 2009 it resumed publishing a compilation containing all issues through December 2008. The compilation was updated to make more recent issues available. National Geographic Kids, the version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the name National Geographic World. The January 2017 issue of National Geographic has a nine-year-old transgender girl on the cover, the magazine printed articles on Berlin, de-occupied Austria, the Soviet Union, and Communist China that deliberately downplayed politics to focus on culture. In its coverage of the Space Race, National Geographic focused on the scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the connection to nuclear arms buildup. There were also articles in the 1930s, 40s and 50s about the individual states and their resources. Many of these articles were written by longtime staff such as Frederick Simpich, there were also articles about biology and science topics. In later years articles became outspoken on issues such as issues, deforestation, chemical pollution, global warming
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Carlsen Verlag
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Carlsen Verlag is a subsidiary of the homonymous Danish publishing house which in turn belongs to the Swedish media company Bonnier. The branch was founded on 25 April 1953 in Hamburg, the publishers program focuses on books for children, i. e. Harry Potter, Rugrats, and The Adventures of Tintin. By 2005 Carlsen Comics, the comic division, had grown to be one of the three biggest comic publishers in Germany. Carlsen is one of the ten biggest publishers of childrens books, daisuki Petzi Sky Doll Official website
