STOVL
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A short take-off and vertical landing aircraft is a fixed-wing aircraft that is able to take off from a short runway and land vertically. The formal NATO definition is:A Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing aircraft is a fixed-wing aircraft capable of clearing a 15 m obstacle within 450 m of commencing take-off run, and capable of landing vertically.
A Sea Harrier launches from the flight deck of HMS Illustrious in 2001
Takeoff
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Takeoff is the phase of flight in which an aerospace vehicle leaves the ground and becomes airborne. For aircraft traveling vertically, this is known as liftoff.
An F/A-18 taking off from an aircraft carrier
An Embraer E-175 taking off
Three airliners taking off simultaneously (note similar pitch attitudes)
A Boeing 737-800 retracting its undercarriages during takeoff