The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly called Safavid Iran, Safavid Persia or the Safavid Empire, was one of the largest and longest-lasting Iranian empires. It was ruled by the Safavid dynasty from 15
Portrait of Shah Ismail I, painted from life by Kamal al-din Behzad, his director of the royal atelier. Topkapı Palace Museum, H.2169.
Shāh Ismaʿīl in the Safavid conquest of Shirvan (1501), according to the Shāhnāmah Shāh Ismaʿīl (Tabriz, 1541)
Battle of Merv between Shah Ismail (right) and Uzbek warlord Muhammad Shaybani Khan (left) in 1510. After the battle Ismail purportedly gilded the skull of Shaybani Khan for use as a wine goblet. Chehel Sotoun Palace, Isfahan, painted c. 1647.
Artwork of the Battle of Chaldiran. Chehel Sotoun, painted in 1801–1802.
The Timurid Empire was a late medieval Turco-Mongol, culturally Persianate, Muslim empire that dominated Greater Iran in the early 15th century, comprising modern-day Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, much of
Safavid Iran
…Safavid history, before dying, Ali had designated his young brother Ismail as the spiritual leader of the Safaviyya. Following the decline of the Timurid Empire (1370–1506), Iran was politically fragmented, giving rise to numerous religious movements. The demise of Timur's political authority created a space…
Original location of Timur's Mongol Barlas tribe
Battle between Timur (left) and Tokhtamysh (right). Topkapi H.2153, 1420–1440, possibly Herat.
Contemporary depiction of the Qara Qoyunlu forces of Qara Iskandar (left) in battle against the Timurid forces of Ibrahim Sultan (right) in April 1429. Shahnama of Ibrahim Sultan (c.1430) frontispiece.
Earliest known portrait of Timur, commissioned right after his death in 1405–1409, by his grandson Khalil Sultan.