Salamanders in folklore
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The salamander is an amphibian of the order Urodela which once, like many real creatures, often was suppositiously ascribed fantastic and sometimes occult qualities by pre-modern authors, as in the al
A salamander unharmed in the fire (Bestiary, 14th century)
Salamander in a copy of Dioscurides―Vienna ms. 6th cent.
A salamandra in a tub. ―MS Bern 318 (Latin Physiologus), fol. 17v
Salamander depicted in bestiary (detail)―MS Harley 3244, fol. 63r. c. 1236.
Bestiary
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A bestiary is a compendium of beasts. Originating in the ancient world, bestiaries were made popular in the Middle Ages in illustrated volumes that described various animals and even rocks. The natura
Monoceros and Bear. Bodleian Library, MS. Ashmole 1511, The Ashmole Bestiary, Folio 21r, England (Peterborough?), Early 13th century.
"The Leopard" from the 13th-century bestiary known as the "Rochester Bestiary"
The Peridexion Tree
Adam naming the animals, in a detail from the 12th century Aberdeen Bestiary