1.
Adelaide
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Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia. In June 2016, Adelaide had a resident population of 1,326,354 million. South Australia, with a total of 1, the demonym Adelaidean is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km from the coast to the foothills, and 94 to 104 km from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to King William IV, Colonel William Light, one of Adelaides founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the River Torrens, in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people. Lights design set out Adelaide in a layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares. Early Adelaide was shaped by prosperity and wealth—until the Second World War, it was Australias third-largest city and it has been noted for early examples of religious freedom, a commitment to political progressivism and civil liberties. It has been known as the City of Churches since the mid-19th century, as South Australias seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the boulevard of North Terrace, King William Street. Today, Adelaide is noted for its festivals and sporting events, its food and wine, its long beachfronts. It ranks highly in terms of liveability, being listed in the Top 10 of The Economist Intelligence Units Worlds Most Liveable Cities index in 2010,2011,2012 and 2015. It was also ranked the most liveable city in Australia by the Property Council of Australia in 2011,2012 and 2013, prior to its proclamation as a British settlement in 1836, the area around Adelaide was inhabited by the indigenous Kaurna Aboriginal nation. Kaurna culture and language was almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the European settlement of South Australia in 1836, however, extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both language and culture. South Australia was officially proclaimed as a new British colony on 28 December 1836, the event is commemorated in South Australia as Proclamation Day. The site of the capital was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light. Adelaide was established as a colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from religious persecution. Wakefields idea was for the Government to survey and sell the land at a rate that would maintain land values high enough to be unaffordable for labourers and journeymen
2.
Australia
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Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia
3.
Hugo Weaving
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Hugo Wallace Weaving is a Nigerian-born English-Australian film and stage actor. Weavings first television role was in the 1984 Australian television series Bodyline, in film, he first rose to prominence for his performance as Martin in the Australian drama Proof. Weaving played Anthony Tick Belrose/Mitzi Del Bra in the comedy-drama The Adventures of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert and his roles as a voice actor include Rex in Babe, Noah in Happy Feet and Happy Feet Two, and Megatron in the Transformers film series. Weavings awards for acting include a Satellite Award, MTV Movie Award, while in England, he attended The Downs School, Wraxall, near Bristol, and Queen Elizabeths Hospital. His family moved back to Australia in 1976, where he attended Knox Grammar School in Sydney and he graduated from Sydneys National Institute of Dramatic Art in 1981. Weavings first television role was in the 1984 Australian television series Bodyline, Weaving appeared in the Australian miniseries The Dirtwater Dynasty in 1988 and as Geoffrey Chambers in the drama Barlow and Chambers, A Long Way From Home. He starred opposite Nicole Kidman in the 1989 film Bangkok Hilton, in 1991, Weaving received the Australian Film Institutes Best Actor award for his performance in the low-budget Proof. He appeared as Sir John in the 1993 Yahoo Serious comedy Reckless Kelly, in 1998, he received the Best Actor award from the Montreal Film Festival for his performance as a suspected serial killer in The Interview. Weaving played the enigmatic and evil–minded Agent Smith in the 1999 film The Matrix and he later reprised that role in the films 2003 sequels, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions. He was an actor in the cartoon film The Magic Pudding. He garnered additional acclaim in the role of half–elven lord Elrond in Peter Jacksons three-film adaptation of The Lord of the Rings, Weaving was the main actor in Andrew Kotatkos award-winning film Everything Goes. He starred as a heroin-addicted ex-rugby league player in the 2005 Australian indie film Little Fish, opposite Cate Blanchett. Weaving played the role as V in the 2006 film V for Vendetta, in which he was reunited with the Wachowskis, creators of The Matrix trilogy. Actor James Purefoy was originally signed to play the role, but was fired six weeks into filming over creative differences, Weaving reshot most of James Purefoys scenes as V apart from a couple of minor dialogue-free scenes early in the film. Stuntman David Leitch performed all of Vs stunts, Weaving reprised his role as Elrond for the video game The Lord of the Rings, The Battle for Middle-Earth II. He regularly appears in productions by the Sydney Theatre Company, in 2006, he worked with Cate Blanchett on a reprise of the STC production of Hedda Gabler in New York City. Weaving himself was unaware of the controversy and had accepted the role based on Michael Bays personal request, in a November 2008 Sun Herald interview, though Weaving reprised his role in two sequels, he does not have much personal investment in the Transformers films. In February 2010, Weaving revealed to The Age, Director Michael Bay talks to me on the phone and we were doing the voice for the second one and I still hadnt seen the first one
4.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, the BBC is the worlds oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 20,950 staff in total,16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting, the total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own
5.
Out of the Blue (2008 TV series)
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Out of the Blue is an Australian serial drama commissioned by the BBC, produced by Australias Southern Star Entertainment. It began screening on BBC One on weekday afternoons on 28 April 2008, the programme attracted lower than desired ratings figures, prompting the broadcaster to shift it to its second channel BBC Two from 19 May 2008. The BBC eventually decided not to commission a series. An investigation follows as the attempts to discover which one of them was the killer. The BBC announced the commissioning of Out of the Blue on 30 November 2007 as a replacement for Neighbours, produced by John Edwards and Julie McGauran of production company Southern Star Entertainment, filming began in early 2008, with the BBC initially ordering 130 episodes. The show launched on 28 April in the UK, on 29 January 2008, Network Ten announced that they had gained the rights to air Out of the Blue in Australia. The show started airing on the network on 17 November 2008 at 10. 30pm, from January 2009, due to lower ratings compared to TEN Late News, it was moved to a weekly Sunday slot. Early on in 2009, Ten would air episodes that were classified M on a late Sunday night slot, the series made its Irish debut on 5 May 2008 on RTÉ One. Screening the show five days a week, RTÉ went on to overtake the UK and began to premiere individual episodes, the series has been airing all over Africa on the GO channel, a satellite TV channel. Five episodes are shown on Wednesday evenings, repeated at various times during the week, on 5 January 2009, the series started to air on NET5 in the Netherlands. The series is shown at 2pm, on the same day, Net 5 started to show Home and Away which airs twice a day at 2. 30pm and 6. 30pm. Nevertheless, the stated that the BBC hoped for the show to be a long-stay resident of the daytime schedule. Other early reviews were generally positive. The Daily Telegraph said that the show looked quite promising and described its murder mystery hook as quite neat, a reviewer for The Daily Mirror wrote, Oo-er. Meanwhile, The Guardian remarked upon the difference in style between Out of the Blue and Neighbours, writing, Au-ssies, stepping into Neighbours slot is something a little more grown up, with drink, gangs and even a murder. In November 2008, the shows Australian premiere attracted a response from critics. A review in The Australian criticised the programme for having clunky dialogue and over the top villains, however, The Daily Telegraph was more positive, predicting that the show would prove popular for Aussie soap fans who prefer their fare more grown-up than Neighbours. The shows UK premiere, which consisted of two episodes broadcast back-to-back, attracted 1. 2m viewers, the BBC described this performance as encouraging, but noted that it would take some time to consider whether viewers would accept the show in the long-term
6.
Indi Walker
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Indigo Indi Walker is a fictional character from the Australian Channel Seven soap opera Home and Away, played by Samara Weaving. She debuted on-screen during the episode broadcast on 30 July 2009, Weaving and her on-screen family initially appeared in 2009 for a guest stint, in 2010 they were written back into the serial on a permanent basis. Indis storylines have focused on her relationship with Romeo Smith. It was revealed in July that a new family would be introduced to Home and Away and it was announced that Out of the Blue actress Samara Weaving had been cast as Indigo. In September 2009, the Walker family departed Home and Away at the end of their storyline, in June 2010, it was announced that Indi, Sid and Dexter would make a permanent return to the soap after they proved popular with fans. Speaking of her return to the official Home and Away website, Weaving stated I have loved returning to Home and Away, it’s a fantastic place to work and I look forward to what’s next for Indi. Weaving later committed herself to a future with the serial stating she wanted to be around for years. Indi is initially described as never trusting anyone because she believes they are all liars, after an accident she is described as re-evaluating her life and has a new-found level of confidence and maturity. Weaving has described Indi as being very forward, not afraid to ask questions, the Daily Telegraph describe Indigo as being a tortured teenager. Richard Clune of The Sunday Telegraph describes her as a troubled teen. From her return in 2010, one of Indis first storylines was her relationship with Romeo Smith, Smith hinted at a romance between the pair before Weaving had appeared on-screen again. Whilst interviewed by TV Week Smith stated, Initially, Indi goes out of her way to see that hes okay - even though she doesnt know him and they have a lot in common, but he tells her hes not looking for romance. Their relationship as friends slowly develops into more and its what shes always wanted ever since she saw him, so its a kiss that makes her totally forget what shes saying and why she was angry at him in the first place. Weaving then stated the pair would not find love together quickly, Indigo responds well to the kiss, Indi definitely thinks that this is going to be a relationship, whereas Romeo has his doubts about it. In late 2010 it was revealed that Indi and Romeo would begin to drift apart, fellow character Ruby Buckton falls in love with Romeo, whilst breeds states that Ruby doesnt consider Indigos feelings because she sees him as her hero. Speaking in early 2011 Weaving stated that Indi was to face relationships drama stating, Ruby has her eyes on my boyfriend, so thats always cause for trouble, executive producer Cameron Welsh promised viewers that the storyline would play a big part of the serial in 2011. He also stated, Fans will definitely take sides on this one, luke Mitchell, Rebecca Breeds and Samara Weaving are having a great time with this storyline, and well see a new side to all of them as they face the consequences of their actions. After Romeos infidelity he decides that Indigo is whom he wants to be with Ruby tells Indi the truth, Weaving said that at this point Indigos knight in shining armour has been shattered as she thought he was the one person who wouldnt cheat, Indigo cannot understand the circumstances
7.
Home and Away
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Home and Away is an Australian television soap opera. It was created by Alan Bateman and commenced broadcast on the Seven Network on 17 January 1988, the soap opera was initially going to be called Refuge, but the name was changed to the friendlier title of Home and Away once production began. The show premiered with a pilot episode. Since then, each subsequent episode has aired for a duration of twenty-two minutes and Home, in Australia, it is currently broadcast from Mondays to Thursdays at 7,00 pm. Home and Away follows the lives and loves of the residents in Summer Bay, Home and Away was not without controversy. During the first season alone, it featured several adult-themed storylines such as teen pregnancy, drug and alcohol addiction and drug overdose. A storyline, in particular concerning rape outraged the public and a protest erupted, the series has dealt with similar storylines over the years which have often exceeded its restricted time slot. Palm Beach in Sydneys Northern Beaches district has been used as the location for Summer Bay since 1988, the exterior scenes are filmed mainly at Palm Beach, while the interior scenes are filmed at the Australian Technology Park in Redfern. Home and Away has been sold to over eighty countries around the world and it is popular in the United Kingdom, and is one of the highest-rating shows on RTÉ Television in Ireland and TV2 in New Zealand. In Australia, Home and Away is the most awarded program at the Logie Awards, with a total of forty-six wins, including Best Drama Program. Some cast members have won other awards such as the Gold Logie for Most Popular Personality on Australian Television, Silver Logie for Most Popular Actor. In 2015, Home and Away was inducted into the Logie Hall of Fame, after the Seven Network cancelled their soap opera Neighbours on 12 July 1985 due to low ratings, rival network Ten picked it up and turned it into a success. A couple of later, Sevens head of drama, Alan Bateman, became desperate to get back into the soap market. While on a trip to Kangaroo Point, New South Wales with his family, seeing the degree of conflict the influx of parentless children on a tight-knit community was having, Bateman came away with the idea for a new serial. He explained Nobody in the community wanted them to move in, suddenly I thought, there is my slice of life in a community. Bateman began outlining the storyline and set the serial in the town of Summer Bay. While Seven Network executives were unconvinced by the idea, audience research was positive, the soap opera was initially called Refuge, but the name was changed to the friendlier title of Home and Away once production began. Home and Away has since become the second-longest drama series in Australian television after Neighbours, the storyline featured a majority of the cast boarded onto a ferry boat for a night cruise, however, a massive storm ruined the celebrations, leading the boat to sink
8.
Maltese people
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The Maltese are an ethnic group indigenous to Malta, and identified with the Maltese language. Malta is an island in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, included within the ethnic group defined by the Maltese people are the Gozitans who inhabit Maltas sister island, Gozo. Malta has been inhabited from around 5200 BC, since the arrival of settlers from the island of Sicily. A significant prehistoric Neolithic culture marked by Megalithic structures, which date back to c.3600 BC, existed on the islands, as evidenced by the temples of Mnajdra, Ggantija, the Phoenicians colonized Malta between 800-700 BC, bringing their Semitic language and culture. After a period of Byzantine rule and a sack by the Vandals. The Muslim rule was ended by the Normans who conquered the island in 1091, the islands were completely re-Christianised by 1249. The islands were part of the Kingdom of Sicily until 1530, in 1530 Charles I of Spain gave the Maltese islands to the Order of Knights of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem in perpetual lease. The French under Napoleon took hold of the Maltese islands in 1798, as part of the Treaty of Paris Malta became a British colony, ultimately rejecting an attempted integration with the United Kingdom in 1956. Malta became independent on 21 September 1964, under its 1964 constitution Malta initially retained Queen Elizabeth II as Queen of Malta, with a Governor-General exercising executive authority on her behalf. On 13 December 1974 it became a republic within the Commonwealth, with the President as head of state, on 31 March 1979 Malta saw the withdrawal of the last British troops and the Royal Navy from Malta. This day is known as Freedom Day and Malta declared itself as a neutral, Malta joined the European Union on 1 May 2004 and joined the Eurozone on 1 January 2008. The earliest inhabitants of the Maltese Islands are believed to have crossed over from nearby Sicily sometime before 5000 BC. It has been subjected to the complex, historic processes that gave rise to the linguistic and ethnic admixture that defines who the people of Malta. Present-day Maltese culture is essentially Latin European with the recent British legacy also in evidence, in the early part of its history Malta was also exposed to Arab influences. The present-day legacy of this is rather than cultural. Maltese people speak the Maltese language, a Semitic language written in the Latin alphabet in its standard form, the language is descended from Siculo-Arabic, a dialect of Arabic spoken in Sicily. In the course of Maltas history, the language has adopted large amounts of vocabulary from Sicilian, Italian, English, the official languages of Malta are Maltese and English. Maltese became a language of Malta in 1934, replacing Italian
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