Sampson Eardley, 1st Baron Eardley, FRS was a British banker, Tory politician and peer who sat in the House of Commons from 1770 to 1802. The son of Sampson Gideon, a Jewish banker in the City of London, he was raised to the peerage of Ireland in 1789.

Sampson Gideon was a British banker and philanthropist active in the City of London during the Georgian era. Gideon is most prominently known for his financing of the Hanoverian-Whig government's suppression of the Jacobite rising of 1745, subsequently becoming a trusted "adviser of the Government" who supported the passage of the Jewish Naturalisation Act 1753. Historian James Picciotto, in his 1875 book Sketches of Anglo-Jewish History described Gideon as the "Rothschild of his day" and the "pillar of state credit".