1.
M2 Browning
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The M2 Machine Gun or Browning.50 Caliber Machine Gun is a heavy machine gun designed toward the end of World War I by John Browning. Its design is similar to Brownings earlier M1919 Browning machine gun, the M2 uses the much larger and much more powerful.50 BMG cartridge, which was developed alongside and takes its name from the gun itself. It has been referred to as Ma Deuce, in reference to its M2 nomenclature, the design has had many specific designations, the official designation for the current infantry type is Browning Machine Gun, Cal.50, M2, HB, Flexible. It is effective against infantry, unarmored or lightly armored vehicles and boats, light fortifications, the M2 has been produced longer than any other machine gun. The Browning.50 caliber machine gun has been used extensively as a vehicle weapon and it was heavily used during World War II, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Falklands War, the Iraq War and the War in Afghanistan in the 2000s and 2010s. It is the heavy machine gun of NATO countries, and has been used by many other countries as well. The M2 has been in use longer than any firearm in U. S. inventory except the.45 ACP M1911 pistol. The current M2HB is manufactured in the U. S. by General Dynamics, Ordnance for use by the U. S. government, and for allies via Foreign Military Sales, as well as foreign manufacturers such as FN Herstal. Machine guns were used in World War I, and weapons of larger than rifle caliber were appearing. Both the British and French had large caliber machine guns, the larger rounds were needed to defeat the armor that was being introduced to the battlefield. Armor was also appearing in the skies, during World War I, the Germans introduced a heavily armored airplane, the Junkers J. I. The armor made aircraft machine guns using conventional rifle ammunition ineffective, consequently, the American Expeditionary Forces commander General John J. Pershing asked for a larger caliber machine gun. Pershing asked the Army Ordnance Department to develop a gun with a caliber of at least 0.50 inches. U. S. Col. John Henry Parker, commanding a machine gun school in France, the Army Ordnance Department ordered eight experimental Colt machine guns rechambered for the French 11 mm cartridge. The French had developed a machine gun for an even larger caliber. The French 11 mm round was found to be unsuitable because its velocity was too low, Pershing wanted a bullet of at least 670 gr and a muzzle velocity of 2,700 ft/s. Development with the French round was dropped, around July 1917, John M. Browning started redesigning his.30 caliber machine gun for a larger caliber. Winchester worked on the cartridge, which was a version of the. 30-06
2.
Remote control
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In electronics, a remote control is a component of an electronic device used to operate the device wirelessly from a distance. For example, in electronics, a remote control can be used to operate devices such as a television set, DVD player, or other home appliance. A remote control is primarily a feature for the user. Early television remote controls used ultrasonic tones, Remote controls for these devices are usually small wireless handheld objects with an array of buttons for adjusting various settings such as television channel, track number, and volume. For many devices, the remote control contains all the controls while the controlled device itself has only a handful of essential primary controls. Remote control has continually evolved and advanced in the 2000s to include Bluetooth connectivity, motion sensor-enabled capabilities, in 1898 Nikola Tesla filed his patent, U. S. Tesla called his boat a teleautomaton. In 1903, Leonardo Torres Quevedo presented the Telekino at the Paris Academy of Science, accompanied by a brief, in the same time he obtained a patent in France, Spain, Great Britain, and the United States. The Telekino consisted of a robot that executed commands transmitted by electromagnetic waves, with the Telekino, Torres-Quevedo laid down modern wireless remote-control operation principles and was a pioneer in the field of remote control. In 1906, in the presence of the king and before a crowd, Torres successfully demonstrated the invention in the port of Bilbao. Later, he would try to apply the Telekino to projectiles and torpedoes, by the late 1930s, several radio manufacturers offered remote controls for some of their higher-end models. Using pulse-count modulation, this also was the first digital wireless remote control, the first remote intended to control a television was developed by Zenith Radio Corporation in 1950. The remote, called Lazy Bones, was connected to the television by a wire, a wireless remote control, the Flashmatic, was developed in 1955 by Eugene Polley. It worked by shining a beam of light onto a photoelectric cell, the Flashmatic also had to be pointed very precisely at the receiver in order to work. In 1956, Robert Adler developed Zenith Space Command, a wireless remote and it was mechanical and used ultrasound to change the channel and volume. When the user pushed a button on the control, it clicked and struck a bar. Each bar emitted a different frequency and circuits in the television detected this sound, the receiver contained a microphone attached to a circuit that was tuned to the same frequency. Some problems with this method were that the receiver could be triggered accidentally by naturally occurring noises, the impetus for a more complex type of television remote control came in 1973, with the development of the Ceefax teletext service by the BBC. Most commercial remote controls at that time had a number of functions
3.
Machine gun
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A machine gun is a fully automatic mounted or portable firearm designed to fire bullets in quick succession from an ammunition belt or magazine, typically at a rate of 300 to 1800 rounds per minute. Note that not all fully automatic firearms are machine guns, submachine guns, rifles, assault rifles, shotguns, pistols or cannons may be capable of fully automatic fire, but are not designed for sustained fire. Many machine guns also use belt feeding and open bolt operation, unlike semi-automatic firearms, which require one trigger pull per round fired, a machine gun is designed to fire for as long as the trigger is held down. Nowadays the term is restricted to heavy weapons, able to provide continuous or frequent bursts of automatic fire for as long as ammunition lasts. Machine guns are used against personnel, aircraft and light vehicles, or to provide suppressive fire. Some machine guns have in practice sustained fire almost continuously for hours, because they become very hot, practically all machine guns fire from an open bolt, to permit air cooling from the breech between bursts. They also usually have either a barrel cooling system, slow-heating heavyweight barrel, although subdivided into light, medium, heavy or general-purpose, even the lightest machine guns tend to be substantially larger and heavier than standard infantry arms. Medium and heavy guns are either mounted on a tripod or on a vehicle, when carried on foot. Medium machine guns use full-sized rifle rounds and are designed to be used from fixed positions mounted on a tripod. 50in, the M249 automatic rifle is operated by an automatic rifleman, but its ammunition may be carried by other Soldiers within the squad or unit. The M249 machine gun is a crew-served weapon, Machine guns usually have simple iron sights, though the use of optics is becoming more common. Many heavy machine guns, such as the Browning M2.50 caliber machine gun, are enough to engage targets at great distances. During the Vietnam War, Carlos Hathcock set the record for a shot at 7382 ft with a.50 caliber heavy machine gun he had equipped with a telescopic sight. This led to the introduction of.50 caliber anti-materiel sniper rifles, selective fire rifles firing a full-power rifle cartridge from a closed bolt are called automatic rifles or battle rifles, while rifles that fire an intermediate cartridge are called assault rifles. Unlocking and removing the spent case from the chamber and ejecting it out of the weapon as bolt is moving rearward Loading the next round into the firing chamber. Usually the recoil spring tension pushes bolt back into battery and a cam strips the new round from a feeding device, cycle is repeated as long as the trigger is activated by operator. Releasing the trigger resets the trigger mechanism by engaging a sear so the weapon stops firing with bolt carrier fully at the rear, the operation is basically the same for all autoloading firearms, regardless of the means of activating these mechanisms. Most modern machine guns use gas-operated reloading, a recoil actuated machine gun uses the recoil to first unlock and then operate the action. Machine guns such as the M2 Browning and MG42, are of this type, a cam, lever or actuator demultiplicates the energy of the recoil to operate the bolt
4.
40 mm grenade
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The 40 mm grenade is a military grenade caliber for grenade launchers in service with many armed forces. There are two types in service, the 40×46mm, which is a low-velocity round used in hand-held grenade launchers. Both 40 mm cartridges use the High-Low Propulsion System, the less powerful 40×46mm is used in hand-held weapons such as the M79, M203, and the multi-shot M32 MGL. The more powerful 40×53mm is used in automatic grenade launchers mounted on tripods, vehicles or helicopters, in these roles, the rounds are linked together with a metallic disintegrating link. A medium velocity 40×51mm cartridge recently developed in South Africa provides a powerful alternative for hand-held weapons without increased recoil. A new version of the Milkor MGL chambered for the new round remains backward compatible with existing 40×46mm rounds. U. S. military rounds designated specifically for the M79 launcher includes, High Explosive, M381, M386 Airburst, M397, M397A1 MP-APERS, M576 CS gas, M651 Practice, M781 U. S. S. Army ARDEC began development of a 40 mm airburst fuse in 2011 to improve the ability of grenade launchers like the M203, SAGM enables soldiers to accurately incapacitate personnel targets in defilade at ranges between 50 to 500 meters. The round is engineered with three firing modes, airburst, point detonation, and self-destruct, a successful demonstration occurred in November 2013. The SAGM was to undergo evaluation in July 2015 and, if successful, not only does the fuse burst over walls, but it can detonate when passing cover like trees, bursting just as it senses and passes the trunk. The sort of sensor SAGM uses to differentiate clutter from triggering obstacles is highly classified and it is a grenade caliber designed in Poland, and used in Pallad wz.74 underbarrel grenade launchers and Pallad-D wz.83 Grenade launcher. The construction is similar to one used in 40×46mm but grenades are not fully interchangeable, extended Range Low Pressure 40×51mm cartridges extend the range of 40 mm grenades from 400 m to 800 m and are manufactured by companies such as Rheinmetall Denel Munitions. The fuze is programmed through the control of the gun. The fuze is armed at approximately 23 meters. The round is programmed to airburst over the target and the fuze counts down the time via its built in electronics. If an unprogrammed round is fired, it will detonate on impact, the projectile has a built in self-destruct and can be fired by any automatic grenade launcher. There is also the CIS40 AGL and 40LWAGL from Singapores ST Kinetics, the Daewoo K4 Grenade Machine Gun is in service with the South Korean Armed Services. The Soviet GP-25 Kostyor and GP-30 Obuvka and Russian GP-34, BG-15 Mukha and these grenades are caseless, holding their own propellant within the body of the grenade
5.
Grenade launcher
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A grenade launcher is a weapon that fires a specially-designed large-caliber projectile, often with an explosive, smoke or gas warhead. Today, the term refers to a class of dedicated firearms firing unitary grenade cartridges. The most common type are man-portable, shoulder-fired weapons issued to individuals, Grenade launchers can either come in the form of standalone weapons or attachments mounted to a parent firearm, usually a rifle. Larger crew-served automatic grenade launchers such as the Mk 19 are mounted on tripods or vehicles, some armored fighting vehicles also mount fixed arrays of short range, single-shot grenade launchers as a means of defense. These devices usually fire smoke grenades to conceal the vehicle behind a screen, though can also be loaded with chaff, flares. Vehicle-mounted smoke grenade launchers are known as smoke dischargers. The earliest devices which could conceivably be referred to as grenade launchers were slings, a new method of launching grenades was developed during the First World War and used throughout the Second. The disadvantage of this method is that when a soldier wants to launch a grenade, if they are surprised by a close-range threat while preparing to fire the grenade, they have to reverse the procedure before they can respond with rifle fire. Due to the lack of a barrel, rifle grenades also tend to be difficult to fire accurately compared to underbarrel or standalone designs. One of the first examples of a dedicated breech-loading launcher for unitary explosive grenade rounds was the M79 grenade launcher, the goal for the M79 was the production of a device with greater range than a rifle grenade but more portable than a mortar. Such single-shot devices were replaced in military service with underbarrel grenade launchers. Single shot launchers are still commonly used in riot control operations. This reduces the weight the soldier must carry by eliminating the grenade launchers buttstock, underbarrel 40mm grenade launchers generally have their own trigger group, to fire, one simply changes grips, disengages the safety, and pulls the trigger. In Western systems, the barrel slides forward or pivots to the side to allow reloading, soviet/Russian launchers are instead loaded from the muzzle, with the cartridge casing affixed to the projectile in the style of a mortar shell. Modern launchers often have the option of mounting more sophisticated aiming systems, such as ballistic rangefinders, one AAI submission for SPIW mounted a simple single-action, single-shot breech-loading underbarrel grenade launcher in lieu of the required semi-automatic multi-shot device. With refinement, this was adopted as the M203 grenade launcher in 1968, a variety of lengths of M203 are available along with numerous parts kits to fit it to various rifles aside from the AR15 pattern weapons it was designed for. A variant of the weapon, the M320 Grenade Launcher Module, was salvaged from the failed XM8 program. Further developments led to the GP series of grenade launchers, an automatic grenade launcher or grenade machine gun is a crew-served support weapon which fires explosive rounds in quick succession from an ammunition belt or large-capacity magazine
6.
Anti-tank missile
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An anti-tank missile, anti-tank guided missile, anti-tank guided weapon or anti-armor guided weapon, is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily armored military vehicles. Germany developed a design for a wire-guided anti tank missile derived from the Ruhrstahl X-4 air to air missile concept in the months of World War II. Reliable information for this weapon is elusive and it was never used in combat and allegedly had serious guidance to target issues. The SS.10 is the first anti-tank missile widely used and it entered service in the French Army in 1955. It was also the first anti-tank missile used by the US Army, the Malkara missile was one of the earliest anti-tank guided missiles. It was jointly developed by Australia and the United Kingdom between 1951 and 1954, and was in service from 1958 until gradually replaced by the Vickers Vigilant missile in the late 1960s. It was intended to be enough to deploy with airborne forces. First-generation manually command guided MCLOS missiles require input from an operator using a joystick or similar device to steer the missile to the target, the disadvantage is that the operator must keep the sights cross hairs on the target and then steer the missile into the cross hairs—i. e. To do this, the operator must be trained and must remain stationary. Because of this, the operator is vulnerable while guiding the missile, the first system to become operational and to see combat was the French Nord SS.10 during the early 1950s. Second-generation semi-automatically command guided SACLOS missiles require the operator to keep the sights on the target until impact. Automatic guidance commands are sent to the missile through wires or radio, examples are the Russian 9M133 Kornet, Israeli LAHAT and the American Hellfire I missiles. Again, the operator must remain stationary during the missiles flight, third-generation guidance systems rely on a laser, electro-optical imager seeker or a W band radar seeker in the nose of the missile. Once the target is identified, the missile needs no further guidance during flight, it is fire-and-forget, however, fire-and-forget missiles are more subject to electronic countermeasures than MCLOS and SACLOS missiles. Examples include the German PARS3 LR, Spike and the Indian Nag, most modern ATGMs have shaped charge high explosive warheads, designed specifically for penetrating armor. Tandem-charge missiles attempt to defeat ERA protected armor, the small initial charge sets off the ERA while the follow-up main charge attempts to penetrate the main armor. Top-attack weapons such as the Indian Nag, American Javelin and the Swedish Bill are designed to strike vehicles from above, both come with the downside of significant weight and bulk. However, inclusion of armor in older vehicles as a part of re-design is possible
7.
Typhoon Weapon Station
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Like Samson RCWS, Typhoon is also multi-configurable. The first Typhoon, the Mk-23, was released in 1997, the weapon is mounted on a stabilized deck mounting which allows it to remain on target as the platform beneath it moves. The stabilizer has an accuracy of 0.25 mrad, allowing it to keep the weapon aimed to within 250 millimetres on a target 1,000 metres away, the mounting does not penetrate the platform, making it relatively simple to fit the weapon to ships. Typhoon can use sights attached to the mount or it can receive inputs from an independent Electro-Optical Detector or Fire Control Radar. Using its own sight the Typhoon system can provide firing solutions entirely without outside assistance, the cannon system mounted can be an ATK, Oerlikon, Mauser or Giat model in the 20–30 mm caliber range. Between 160 and 210 rounds are carried on the mounting, depending on the caliber, the mount can traverse 120° to either side and elevate between -12. 5° and 40. 5°. The weight of a system is between 690 and 750 kilograms without ammunition, depending on the guns and sensors mounted. By 2006, more than 120 Typhoon systems had been ordered, Mini Typhoon is a lightweight, remote-controlled weapon station based on the Typhoon. It can be fitted with a.50 caliber machine gun, the system has an accuracy rating of 0.5 mrad, weighs between 140 and 170 kilograms, depending on the weapon fitted, and can be installed without structural penetration of a ships deck. The mini Typhoon is also mounted on the Protector USV Mk49 Mod0, australia Adelaide class frigate - Mini Typhoon as a temporary mount for deployments to the Middle East. Mini-Typhoon selected by the US Navy as the Remote Operated Small Arms Mount, the combination Spike missile/12. 7mm armed variant has been tested on an unmanned vessel
8.
Spike (missile)
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As of 2016, some 25,600 missiles of the Spike family have been sold to 25 nations. This is similar to the lofted trajectory flight profile of the US FGM-148 Javelin, Spike is a fire-and-forget missile with lock-on before launch and automatic self-guidance. The missile is equipped with an infrared seeker. The medium, long and extended versions of the Spike also have the capability of Fire, Observe. The missile is connected by a wire that is spooled out between the launch position and the missile. Hence, the missile can be fired speculatively for a target of opportunity, the missile uses a tandem warhead – two shaped charges, a precursor warhead to detonate any explosive reactive armor and a primary warhead to penetrate the underlying armor. Currently, it is replacing aging second generation anti-tank missiles like the MILAN, the Spike system is made up of the launching tripod with its fire control unit and the missile. There is no dedicated thermal sight on the launcher – the missiles imaging seeker is used, altogether, the long range variant of the system weighs around 26 kilograms. Spike can be operated from the launcher by infantry, or from mounts that can be fitted to such as fast attack vehicles. Vehicles that are not normally fitted with anti-tank weapons can therefore be given anti-tank capability, Spike has been tested as a weapon system for the SAGEM Sperwer unmanned aerial vehicle. The Spanish Army has fitted the Spike-ER to its Eurocopter Tiger attack helicopters, both Israel and the United States have experimented with arming Black Hawk helicopters with the Spike missile, the US variant is used in UH-60M Battlehawk helicopters. In order to facilitate the selling of the system in Europe. Its shareholders Diehl BGT Defence, Rheinmetall Defence Electronics and Rafael via ERCAS B. V. ERCAS B. V. is a Dutch holding company owned 100% by Rafael, EuroSpike GmbH is located in Röthenbach, Germany. The European variant of the Spike weapon system differs a little from the Israeli version and is marketed under the name EuroSpike, for other areas of the world, Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. is solely responsible. The reusable Command & launch unit, battery, tripod and the sight are common for both MR and LR versions of the Spike missile family, each weighing 5 kg,1 kg,2.8 kg. Spike-SR the short version of the weapon was unveiled in 2012 to give infantrymen a guided missile between the larger Spike-MR and unguided rockets. It is a 9.8 kg disposable munition for use at platoon-level whose minimum range is 50 m and had a maximum range of 1,000 m. It is equipped with a stiff-necked uncooled electro-optical infrared seeker and advanced tracker, in May 2016 Rafael concluded deliveries of Spike-SR to its first export customer
Azerbaijan:
Canada:
Colombia: LAV III[5]
Croatia: 4 stations initially procured for needs of Croatian Army, installed and tested on M84D and M95 tanks, but eventually Croatian Army opted for Protector RWS, 12.7 mm and 30 mm.
Czech Republic: Pandur II[6]
Israel: IDF Namer, some IDF Achzarit, some HMMWV
United States: 100 units
Spain: RG-31 Nyala
Turkey: Otokar Cobra
South Korea: Hyundai Wia
United Kingdom: Alvis Stormer
Lithuania: 88 German Boxer Infantry Fighting Vehicles with Rafael's weapon stations with 30 mm cannons and “Spike LR” antitank missiles[7]
