The Samudera Pasai Sultanate, also known as Samudera or Pasai or Samudera Darussalam or Pacem, was a Muslim kingdom on the north coast of Sumatra from the 13th to the 16th centuries.
Malik al-Salih tombstone
Cakra Donya bell was a gift from Zheng He during his voyage to Pasai.
Nicolaes Visscher Indiae Orientalis
The Aceh Sultanate, officially the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam, was a sultanate centered in the modern-day province of Aceh of Indonesia. It was a major regional power in the 16th and 17th centuries, b
Samudera Pasai Sultanate
…conquest of Malacca. Through the Portuguese, the place become known in Europe as Pacem. The Portuguese garrison evacuated Pasai in 1524 and the first Sultan of Aceh, Ali Mughayat Syah, annexed the territory. These are the list of rulers who ruled the Samudera Pasai Sultanate…
Slave market in Aceh, illustration from 1873
The execution of Portuguese prisoners in Aceh, 1588
Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II, the last Sultan of Aceh who was active in the late-19th century
The flag used during the Aceh War