1.
San Diego Comic-Con
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San Diego Comic-Con International is a multi-genre entertainment and comic convention held annually in San Diego, California. The name, as given on its website, is Comic-Con International, San Diego and it is a four-day event held during the summer at the San Diego Convention Center in San Diego. On the Wednesday evening prior to the opening of the event, there is a preview for professionals, exhibitors. Comic-Con International also produces two other conventions, WonderCon, held in Los Angeles, and the Alternative Press Expo and it is also the home of the Will Eisner Awards. In 2010, it filled the San Diego Convention Center to capacity with more than 130,000 attendees, the convention was founded in 1970 by Shel Dorf, Richard Alf, Ken Krueger, Mike Towry, Barry Alfonso, Bob Sourk, and Greg Bear. Detroit, Michigan-born, comics fan Shel Dorf, had, in the mid-1960s, mounted the Detroit Triple-Fan Fairs, one of the first commercial comics-fan conventions. When he moved to San Diego, California, in 1970, he organized a convention on March 21,1970. Dorf went on to be associated with the convention as president or manager, variously, Alf co-chaired the first convention with Krueger and became chairman in 1971. Following the initial gathering, Dorfs first three-day San Diego comics convention, other locations in the conventions early years included the El Cortez Hotel, the University of California, San Diego, and Golden Hall, before being moved to the San Diego Convention Center in 1991. I was quietly walking the floor stunned and in awe of just how much bigger it really was, the convention is organized by a panel of 13 board members,16 to 20 full-time and part-time workers, and 80 volunteers who assist via committees. Comic Con International is an organization, and proceeds of the event go to funding it, as well as the Alternative Press Expo. The convention logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Josh Beatman in 1995, in September 2010, the convention announced that it would stay in San Diego through 2015. In 2015, working with Lionsgate, a channel was created to host Comic-Con related content. According to the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau, the convention has a regional economic impact of $162.8 million. Along with panels, seminars, and workshops with comic book professionals, there are previews of upcoming feature films, like most comic-book conventions, Comic-Con features a large floorspace for exhibitors. These include media companies such as studios and TV networks, as well as comic-book dealers. And like most comics conventions, Comic-Con includes an area, as well as the Artists Alley where comics artists can sign autographs. Despite the name, artists alleys can include writers and even models, academics and comic industry professionals annually hold the Comics Arts Conference at Comic-Con, presenting scholarly studies on comics as a medium
2.
Avengers: Age of Ultron
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Avengers, Age of Ultron is a 2015 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is the sequel to 2012s The Avengers and the film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film was written and directed by Joss Whedon and features an ensemble cast that includes Robert Downey Jr. Jackson, in Avengers, Age of Ultron, the Avengers fight Ultron, an artificial intelligence obsessed with causing human extinction. The sequel was announced in May 2012, after the release of The Avengers. Whedon, the director of the first film, was back on board in August. By April 2013, Whedon had completed a draft of the script, second unit filming began in February 2014 in South Africa with principal photography taking place between March and August 2014. The film was shot at Shepperton Studios in Surrey, England, with additional footage filmed in Italy, South Korea, Bangladesh, New York City. While in post production, the film was converted to 3D, Avengers, Age of Ultron premiered in Los Angeles on April 13,2015, and was released on May 1,2015, in North America, in 3D and IMAX 3D. The film received reviews from critics and grossed over $1.4 billion worldwide, making it the seventh-highest-grossing film in history. A sequel, Avengers, Infinity War, is scheduled to be released on May 4,2018, Stark and Banner discover an artificial intelligence within the scepters gem, and secretly use it to complete Starks Ultron global defense program. The unexpectedly sentient Ultron, believing he must eradicate humanity to save Earth, J. A. R. V. I. S. and attacks the Avengers at their headquarters. Escaping with the scepter, Ultron uses the resources in Struckers Sokovia base to upgrade his rudimentary body and build an army of robot drones. Having killed Strucker, he recruits the Maximoffs, who hold Stark responsible for their parents deaths by his weapons, and go to the base of arms dealer Ulysses Klaue to obtain Wakandan vibranium. Thor departs to consult with Dr. Erik Selvig on the meaning of the future he saw in his hallucination, while Romanoff. However, Nick Fury arrives and encourages the team to form a plan to stop Ultron, in Seoul, Ultron forces the teams friend Dr. Helen Cho to use her synthetic-tissue technology, together with vibranium and the scepters gem, to perfect a new body for him. As Ultron uploads himself into the body, Wanda is able to read his mind, discovering his plan for human extinction, Rogers, Romanoff, and Barton find Ultron and retrieve the synthetic body, but Ultron captures Romanoff. The Avengers fight amongst themselves when Stark secretly uploads J. A. R. V. I. S, – who is still operational after hiding from Ultron inside the Internet – into the synthetic body. Thor returns to help activate the body, explaining that the gem on its brow – one of the six Infinity Stones, Banner rescues Romanoff, who awakens the Hulk for the battle
3.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
4.
Morehouse College
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Morehouse College is a private, all-male, liberal arts, historically African American college located in Atlanta, Georgia. The college is one of the few remaining traditional mens liberal arts colleges in the United States, Morehouse is the largest mens college in the United States with an enrollment over 2,000 students. In 1881, both Morehouse and Spelman students were studying in the basement of Atlantas Friendship Baptist Church. Just two years after the American Civil War, the Augusta Institute was founded by Rev. William Jefferson White, an Atlanta Baptist minister and cabinetmaker, with the support of the Rev. Richard C. Coulter, a slave from Atlanta, Georgia, and the Rev. Edmund Turney, organizer of the National Theological Institute for educating freedmen in Washington. The institution was founded to educate African American men in theology and education and was located in Springfield Baptist Church, the institution moved from Augusta, Georgia, to Atlanta, Georgia, in 1879. The school received sponsorship from the American Baptist Home Mission Society, the Institutes first president was Rev. Dr. Joseph T. Robert. An anti-slavery Baptist minister from South Carolina and 1828 graduate of Brown University, Robert raised funds, taught the classes, in 1879, the institute moved to its own location and changed its name to the Atlanta Baptist Seminary. It later acquired a 4-acre campus in downtown Atlanta, in 1885, Dr. Samuel T. Graves became the second president. That year the seminary moved to its present location, on donated by prominent Baptist and industrialist. In 1890, Dr. George Sale became the third president. In 1906 Dr. John Hope became the first African-American president and led the growth in enrollment. He envisioned an academically rigorous college that would be the antithesis to Booker T. Washingtons view of agricultural, in 1913, the college was renamed Morehouse College, in honor of Dr. Henry L. Morehouse, corresponding secretary of the American Baptist Home Mission Society. Morehouse entered into an agreement with Clark College and Spelman College in 1929. Dr. Samuel H. Archer became the president of the college in 1931 and selected the school colors, maroon and white, to reflect his own alma mater. Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays became president in 1940, Mays, who would be a mentor to Martin Luther King, Jr. presided over the growth in international enrollment and reputation. During the 1960s, Morehouse students were involved in the civil rights movement in Atlanta. Mays’ speeches were instrumental in shaping the development of Morehouse students during his tenure
5.
LaTanya Richardson
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LaTanya Richardson, often listed as LaTanya Richardson Jackson, is an American actress and producer. She began her career appearing in off-Broadway, before playing supporting roles on television and film. Richardson has appeared in films include Fried Green Tomatoes, Malcolm X, Sleepless in Seattle, When a Man Loves a Woman, Losing Isaiah, Lone Star, U. S. Marshals, and The Fighting Temptations. Her television credits include Show Me a Hero, Luke Cage and she was born in Atlanta, Georgia. While a student at Atlantas Spelman College in 1974, she met actor Samuel L. Jackson, then at all-male Morehouse College and she and Jackson married in 1980. They have one child, freelance film and TV producer Zoe Jackson, after her daughters birth, Richardson stopped working regularly, because, she said, “We’d vowed to be an intact revolutionary black family. But it was very, very hard. ”To date, Richardsons biggest role in a picture was in the 2003 musical The Fighting Temptations in which she appears as the main antagonist. This was her appearance on Broadway after her debut in the 2009 revival of Joe Turners Come. LaTanya Richardson at the Internet Movie Database LaTanya Richardson at the Internet Broadway Database
6.
Goodfellas
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Goodfellas is a 1990 American biographical crime film directed by Martin Scorsese. It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi, the film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980. Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it, later, he, to prepare for their roles in the film, Robert De Niro, Joe Pesci, and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi, who shared research material left over from writing the book. According to Pesci, improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted. The director made transcripts of these sessions, took the lines he liked best, and put them into a revised script, made on a budget of $25 million, Goodfellas grossed $46.8 million. It received positive reviews critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director. The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts, including Best Film, additionally, Goodfellas was named the years best film by various critics groups. Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre, in 2000, it was deemed culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress. Its content and style have been emulated in other films. In April 1967, they commit the Air France robbery, enjoying the perks of their criminal life, they spend most of their nights at the Copacabana nightclub carousing with women. Henry meets and later marries Karen, a Jewish woman from the Five Towns area of Long Island, Karen is initially troubled by Henrys criminal activities but is soon seduced by his glamorous lifestyle. On June 11,1970, Billy Batts, a mobster in the Gambino crime family, enraged, Tommy and Jimmy attack and kill him. Knowing their murder of a man would mean retribution from the Gambino crime family, which could possibly include Paulie being ordered to kill them, Jimmy, Henry. They transport the body in the trunk of Henrys car and bury it in upstate New York, six months later, Jimmy learns that the burial site is slated for development, forcing them to exhume the decomposing corpse and move it. Henry sets up his mistress, Janice Rossi, in an apartment, when Karen finds out about their relationship, she tries to confront Janice and then threatens Henry at gunpoint. Henry moves out to live with Janice, but Paulie gets involved, Henry and Jimmy are sent to collect a debt from a gambler in Florida, but they are arrested after being turned in by the gamblers sister, a typist for the FBI. Jimmy and Henry receive ten-year prison sentences, in prison, Henry sells drugs smuggled in by Karen to support his family on the outside. After his early release in 1978, Henry further establishes himself in the trade, ignoring Paulies ban on drug trafficking
7.
Jungle Fever
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As Lees fifth feature-length film, the film explores an interracial relationship—its conception and downfall—against the urban backdrop of the streets of New York City in the 1990s. Flipper Purify, a successful and happily married architect from Harlem, is married to Drew —together the two have one daughter, Ming, at work, he discovers that an Italian-American woman named Angie Tucci has been hired as a temporary. Angie lives in Bensonhurst, with her father, Mike, Angie and her boyfriend Paulie have been dating since high school, and he runs a corner store. Flipper and Angie begin to spend nights in the office working late but one night. The sexual encounter begins the twos tumultuous relationship, afterwards Flipper somehow demands to be up for a promotion at work but when refused by the company for the position Flipper accuses them of colorism and abruptly quits his job. Afterwards, he admits his infidelity to his longtime friend Cyrus. Cyrus later criticizes Flipper for having an affair with a white woman, later Drew finds out about his affair and throws him out. Flipper in retaliation insults Cyruss wife and in doing so strains his friendship with Cyrus, Flipper moves in momentarily with his father The Good Reverend Doctor Purify and Mrs. Purify. Later, Angie comes home to a severe and brutal beating with a belt from her father after word gets out that she is dating a black man, Flipper and Angie decide to find a place and move in together. As a couple, the two encounter discrimination such as when being refused and ignored entirely by a waitress for dating a lady, police harassment. Things begin to turn worse for Flipper when his crack addicted brother Gator steals and sells his mothers TV for crack, Flipper searches all over Harlem for Gator, eventually finding him in a crack house. He finally gives up on his brother and tells him he is not giving him any more money and he collapses as Mrs. Purify weeps over Gators body. Another subject the films focuses on is Paulie who was the former fiancé of Angie and he asked a black woman, who is one of his customers, on a date and when hes goes out, hes assaulted brutally by his friends in his attempt at an interracial relationship. Angie later is accepted back into her fathers home and Flipper tries to mend his relationship with his wife but is unsuccessful, as he leaves his house, a young, crack-addicted prostitute propositions him, in response, he throws his arms around her and cries out in torment. Wesley Snipes as Flipper Purify Annabella Sciorra as Angie Tucci Spike Lee as Cyrus Ossie Davis as The Good Reverend Doctor Purify Ruby Dee as Mrs. Purify Samuel L and he uses both types of examples to make the audience aware of everyday instances of racism. According to the New York Daily News, the attack had more to do with race than romance, hence Lees reason for including the dedication, in the film, Flippers brother, Gator, is a crack addict. He is constantly pestering his family members for money and his father has disowned him but his mother and Flipper still occasionally give him money, when he asks. In an interview with Esquire, Jackson explains that he was able to play the crack addict Gator because he had just gotten out of rehab for his own crack addiction
8.
Patriot Games (film)
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Patriot Games is a 1992 American spy thriller film directed by Phillip Noyce and based on Tom Clancys novel of the same name. It is a sequel to the 1990 film The Hunt for Red October, James Earl Jones is the lone holdover, reprising his role as Admiral James Greer. The cast also includes Sean Bean, Patrick Bergin, Thora Birch, Samuel L. Jackson, James Fox, and Richard Harris. The film premiered in theaters in the United States on June 5,1992, the next installment in the film series, Clear and Present Danger, also starred Ford and Archer. Retired CIA analyst Jack Ryan is on vacation with his family in London and they witness a terrorist attack on Lord William Holmes, British Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. Ryan intervenes and is injured, but he kills one of the assailants, Patrick Miller, the remaining attackers flee, as Sean is apprehended by the police. While recovering, Ryan is called to testify in court against Miller, Miller is later convicted for his crimes. While being transferred to Albany Prison on the Isle of Wight, Millers escort convoy is ambushed by his comrades, including Kevin ODonnell, who execute the police officers, Miller and his companions flee to North Africa to plan another kidnapping attempt on Lord Holmes. Miller also persuades several members of the group to him to the U. S. to kill Ryan. Ryan survives an assassination orchestrated by Annette and an accomplice outside the U. S. Naval Academy. Later, Miller and a henchman attack Ryans wife and daughter on a busy highway, enraged over the attack on his family, Ryan decides to go back to work for the C. I. A. Having earlier rejected the appeal of his superior, Vice Admiral James Greer. Ryans work leads him to conclude that Miller has taken refuge in a camp in Libya. A Special Air Service team attacks and kills everyone in the camp while Ryan looks on through a satellite feed. Unbeknownst to Ryan, Miller and his companions had fled the camp and were on their way to the U. S. to stage their next attack. Lord Holmes decides to visit Ryan at his home to present his KCVO. With the aid of Lord Holmes traitorous assistant, Millers group tracks Holmes to Ryans house in Maryland, diplomatic Security Service agents and state troopers guarding the residence, and make an attempt to kidnap Lord Holmes. Ryan leads Holmes and his family to safety while he attempts to lure Miller, the FBIs Hostage Rescue Team scrambles to pick up Holmes
9.
Amos & Andrew
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Amos & Andrew is a 1993 comedy film directed and written by E. Max Frye, and starring Nicolas Cage and Samuel L. Jackson. The films title parodies that of the sitcom Amos n Andy while the premise also appears to be a riff on The Defiant Ones. Shot in and around Wilmington, North Carolina, the film concerns wealthy African-American playwright Andrew Sterlings purchase of a home on a predominantly white island. It was released to box office failure, grossing just under $10 million domestically, and generally negative reviews from critics. When Andrew Sterling, a successful black urbanite writer, buys a home on a resort in New England. The neighbors have no idea that the residents of that home had moved. Police surround the home, armed and body armored as Andrew reads peacefully inside the home, meanwhile, down the road, the Gillmans meet reporters as they walk back to their home and inform the press of the story. As the police move in, Andrews car alarm goes off and with keys in hand, goes outside to shut it off, the reporters arrive and interview Chief Tolliver, who speaks to Andrew over the phone and realizes his mistake. To avoid the bad publicity, the Chief offers a thief in his jail, Amos Odell, the Chief orders Amos to break into Andrews home, hold the writer hostage, and give himself up, in exchange for free passage out of town. Armed with the given to him by the Chief, Amos enters the house under the Chiefs direction. Andrew believes Amos is an assassin sent to him due to his published views against white America. As the press piles up outside of Andrews home, the Chief calls Amos to release Andrew as soon as the press is in place, promising to leave Amoss name and face out of the news. While Amos waits, he turns on the news to see he has betrayed, with his name. With his deal broken, Amos steps outside and demands a ransom for the famous author, Andrew asks Amos how he came managed to come across the island and as Amos reveals his story, the Chief comes in the back door demanding Amos surrender. The Chief shows his colors and his lack of concern with Andrews well being, stating his opposition to Andrew living on the island. During a scuffle, Andrew hits the Chief unconscious with his frying pan, Amos takes the gun back and tells Andrew he will remain his hostage. With the Chiefs handcuffs, Amos cuffs himself to Andrew and runs through the backwoods behind the home, unable to find the key to the Gillmans car, Amos decides to change his clothes and plan his escape. As Amos makes his plans, Amos and Andrew share their childhoods, the Gillmans return home and Amos demands the keys to their car, to which Mr. Gillman refuses stating the car was a cherished anniversary present from his second wife
10.
True Romance
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True Romance is a 1993 American crime film with elements of black comedy and romance, directed by Tony Scott and written by Quentin Tarantino. The film stars Christian Slater and Patricia Arquette with a supporting cast featuring Dennis Hopper, Val Kilmer, Gary Oldman, Brad Pitt, empire ranked True Romance the 157th greatest film of all time in 2008. At a Detroit theater showing kung fu films, Alabama Whitman strikes up a conversation with Elvis Presley fanatic Clarence Worley and they later have sex at Clarences apartment in downtown Detroit. Alabama tearfully confesses that she is a girl hired by Clarences boss as a birthday present. An apparition of Elvis appears to Clarence and convinces him to kill Alabamas pimp Drexl, Clarence goes to the brothel where Alabama worked, shoots and kills Drexl, and takes a bag he assumes contains Alabamas belongings. Back at the apartment, he and Alabama discover the bag contains an amount of cocaine. The couple visit Clarences estranged father, Clifford, a cop and now a security guard. Clifford tells Clarence that the police assume Drexls murder is a gang killing, after the couple leave for Los Angeles, Clifford is interrogated by Don Vincenzo Coccotti, consigliere to a mobster named Blue Lou Boyle, who wants the drugs. Clifford, realizing he will die anyway, mockingly defies Coccotti, a note on the refrigerator leads the mobsters to Clarences L. A. address. In L. A. Clarence and Alabama meet Clarences friend Dick, Dick introduces Clarence to a friend of his, actor Elliot Blitzer, who reluctantly agrees to broker the sale of the drugs to film producer Lee Donowitz. While Clarence is out buying lunch, Coccottis underboss, Virgil, finds Alabama in her motel room and she fights back and kills him with his shotgun. Elliot is pulled over for speeding and arrested for drug possession, to stay out of jail, he agrees to record the drug deal between Clarence and Donowitz for the police. Coccottis crew learn where the deal take place from Dicks roommate Floyd. Clarence, Alabama, Dick, and Elliot go to Donowitzs suite at the Ambassador Hotel with the drugs, in the elevator, a suspicious Clarence threatens Elliot at gunpoint, but is persuaded by Elliotts pleading. Clarence fabricates a story for Donowitz that the drugs were given to him by a corrupt cop, Clarence excuses himself to the bathroom, where a vision of Elvis reassures him that things are going well. Donowitz and his bodyguards are ambushed by the cops and mobsters, Dick abandons the drugs and flees. Almost everyone is killed in the gun battle, and Clarence is wounded as he exits the bathroom and he and Alabama escape with Donowitzs money as more police arrive. They flee to Mexico where Alabama gives birth to a son, True Romance was a breakthrough for Tarantino
11.
Jurassic Park (film)
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Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science-fiction adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen. The first installment of the Jurassic Park franchise, it is based on the 1990 novel of the name by Michael Crichton, with a screenplay written by Crichton. Before Crichtons novel was published, four put in bids for the film rights. With the backing of Universal Studios, Spielberg acquired the rights for $1.5 million before publication in 1990, Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novels exposition and violence and made numerous changes to the characters. Filming took place in California and Hawaii between August and November 1992, and post-production rolled until May 1993, supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed Schindlers List. The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic and it was well received by critics, who praised its special effects, John Williams musical score, and Spielbergs direction. The film won more than twenty awards, including three Academy Awards for its achievements in visual effects and sound design. A fifth installment is scheduled for a 2018 release, industrialist John Hammond and his bioengineering company, InGen, have created a theme park called Jurassic Park on Isla Nublar, a Costa Rican island, populated with cloned dinosaurs. After one of the dinosaur handlers is killed by a Velociraptor, Gennaro invites mathematician Ian Malcolm, while Hammond invites paleontologist Dr. Alan Grant and paleobotanist Dr. Ellie Sattler. Upon arrival, the group is stunned to see a live Brachiosaurus, at the parks visitor center, the group learns that the cloning was accomplished by extracting dinosaur DNA from mosquitoes that had been preserved in amber. DNA from frogs was used to fill in gaps in the dinosaur genomes, to prevent breeding, all the dinosaurs were made female. Malcolm scoffs at the idea of controlled breeding, declaring it impossible. The crew witness the birth of a raptor and visit the raptor enclosure. During a luncheon, the debates the ethics of cloning. The group is joined by Hammonds grandchildren, Lex and Tim Murphy, for a tour of the park. The tour does not go as planned, with most of the failing to appear. The tour is cut short as a storm approaches Isla Nublar. Most of the park employees depart on a boat for the mainland and the return to their electric tour vehicles, except Ellie
12.
Quentin Tarantino
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Quentin Jerome Tarantino is an American director, writer, and actor. His career began in the late 1980s, when he wrote and directed My Best Friends Birthday and its popularity was boosted by his second film, Pulp Fiction, a black comedy crime film that was a major success both among critics and audiences. Judged the greatest film from 1983–2008 by Entertainment Weekly, many critics, for his next effort, Tarantino paid homage to the blaxploitation films of the 1970s with Jackie Brown, an adaptation of the novel Rum Punch. Tarantino directed Death Proof as part of a feature with friend Robert Rodriguez. His long-postponed Inglourious Basterds, which tells the fictional alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germanys political leadership, was released in 2009 to positive reviews, after that came 2012s critically acclaimed Django Unchained, a Western film set in the antebellum era of the Deep South. It became the film of his career so far, making over $425 million at the box office. Tarantinos films have garnered critical and commercial success. He has received industry awards, including two Academy Awards, two Golden Globe Awards, two BAFTA Awards and the Palme dOr, and has been nominated for an Emmy and a Grammy. He was named one of the 100 Most Influential People in the World by Time in 2005, Filmmaker and historian Peter Bogdanovich has called him the single most influential director of his generation. In December 2015, Tarantino received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contributions to the film industry, Tarantino was born on March 27,1963 in Knoxville, Tennessee, the son of Connie McHugh and Tony Tarantino. His father is of Italian descent, and his mother has English and Irish ancestry, Quentin was named after Quint Asper, Burt Reynolds character in the CBS series Gunsmoke. Quentins mother met his father during a trip to Los Angeles and she married him soon after, to gain independence from her parents, but the marriage did not last. Connie Tarantino left Los Angeles, and moved to Knoxville, where her parents lived, in 1966, Tarantinos mother, after finishing her nursing studies, moved back to Los Angeles with her then three-year-old son. They lived in the South Bay, in the part of the city. Tarantinos mother married musician Curtis Zastoupil soon after coming to Los Angeles, and the moved to Torrance. Zastoupil encouraged his love of movies, and accompanied him to film screenings. Tarantinos mother allowed him to see movies with adult content, such as Carnal Knowledge, after his mother divorced Zastoupil in 1973, and received a misdiagnosis of Hodgkins lymphoma, Tarantino was sent to live with his grandparents in Tennessee. He remained there for six months to a year, before returning to California
13.
Pulp Fiction
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Pulp Fiction is a 1994 American black comedy neo-noir crime film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino, from a story by Tarantino and Roger Avary. Directed in a stylized manner, Pulp Fiction connects the intersecting storylines of Los Angeles mobsters, fringe players, small-time criminals. The films title refers to the magazines and hardboiled crime novels popular during the mid-20th century, known for their graphic violence. The screenplay of Pulp Fiction was written in 1992 and 1993 and its plot, as in many of Tarantinos other works, is presented out of chronological order. The film is also self-referential from its opening moments, beginning with a card that gives two dictionary definitions of pulp. Its script was turned down by Columbia TriStar as too demented. Miramax co-chairman Harvey Weinstein was instantly enthralled with it, however, Pulp Fiction won the Palme dOr at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival, and was a major critical and commercial success upon its U. S. release. It revitalized the careers of John Travolta, Samuel L. Jackson and it was also nominated for seven Oscars, including Best Picture, Tarantino and Avary won for Best Original Screenplay. The nature of its development, marketing, and distribution –, since its release, Pulp Fiction has been widely regarded as Tarantinos masterpiece, with particular praise singled out for its screenwriting. The films self-reflexivity, unconventional structure, and extensive use of homage and it is often considered a cultural watershed, with a strong influence felt not only in later movies that adopted various elements of its style, but in several other media as well. A2008 Entertainment Weekly poll named it the best film since 1983, in 2013, Pulp Fiction was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. The stories intersect in various ways, the film begins with a diner hold-up staged by a couple, then picks up the stories of Vincent, Jules, and Butch. It finally returns to where it began, in the diner, sequences 1 and 7 partially overlap and are presented from different points of view, as do sequences 2 and 6. Other analysts describe the structure as a circular narrative, hitmen Jules Winnfield and Vincent Vega arrive at the apartment of Brett to retrieve a briefcase for their boss, gangster Marsellus Wallace. After Vincent checks the contents of the briefcase, Jules shoots one of Bretts associates, then declaims a passage from the Bible before he, some time later, champion boxer Butch Coolidge accepts a large sum from Marsellus to take a dive in his upcoming match. Vincent and Jules deliver the briefcase, the next day, Vincent purchases heroin from his drug dealer Lance. He shoots up to pass the day, then drives to meet Marselluss wife Mia and they head to a 1950s-themed restaurant and participate in a twist contest, then return to the Wallace house with the trophy. While Vincent is in the bathroom, Mia finds his heroin, mistakes it for cocaine, snorts it, Vincent rushes her to Lances house, where they revive her with an adrenaline shot to her heart
14.
Jackie Brown
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Jackie Brown is a 1997 American crime thriller film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. The film, Tarantinos third feature-length production, is an adaptation of Elmore Leonards 1992 novel Rum Punch and it is the first film that Tarantino has adapted from a previous work, and stars Pam Grier in the title role. The film pays homage to 1970s blaxploitation films, particularly the films Coffy and Foxy Brown, the films supporting cast includes Robert Forster, Robert De Niro, Samuel L. Jackson, Bridget Fonda, and Michael Keaton. It was Tarantinos third film following Reservoir Dogs and Pulp Fiction, Grier and Forster were both veteran actors but neither had performed a leading role in many years. Jackie Brown revitalized both actors careers, the film garnered Forster an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and Golden Globe Award nominations for Jackson and Grier. Jackie Brown is an attendant for a small Mexican airline. Ordell learns that another of his couriers, Beaumont Livingston, has been arrested, assuming that Livingston will become an informant in order to avoid jail time, Ordell arranges for bail with bondsman Max Cherry, then coaxes Livingston into a car trunk and murders him. Initially refusing to cut a deal, she is sent to jail which alerts Ordell that she also be a threat to inform. Having received payment from Ordell, Max picks up Jackie from the jail, Ordell arrives at Jackies house intending to murder her but she surprises him by pulling a gun surreptitiously taken from the glove compartment of Maxs car. Jackie negotiates a deal with Ordell to pretend to help the authorities while smuggling in $550,000 of Ordells money, enough to allow him to retire. To carry out this plan, Ordell is counting on Melanie Ralston, an unambitious, stoned surfer girl with whom he lives, and Louis Gara, a friend and former cellmate. Unaware of Jackie and Ordells plan to smuggle in $550,000, Nicolette, unbeknownst to all, Jackie plans to double-cross everyone and keep $500,000 for herself. She recruits Max to assist with her plan and offers him a cut, in the Del Amo Mall on the day of the transfer, Jackie enters a dressing room to try on a new suit. Instead, the bag she gives Melanie contains only $50,000, Jackie then feigns despair as she calls Nicolette and Dargus out from hiding, claiming Melanie took all the money and ran. In the parking lot, Melanie mocks Louis until he loses his temper, Ordell is livid when he discovers that most of the money is gone, and he realizes that Jackie is to blame. When Louis mentions that during the hand-off he saw Max Cherry in the stores department and thought nothing of it, Ordell kills Louis. Ordell turns his anger toward Max, who informs him that Jackie is frightened for her life and is waiting in Maxs office to hand over the money, a menacing Ordell holds Max at gunpoint as they enter the darkened office. Jackie suddenly yells that Ordell has a gun, and Nicolette jumps from a hiding place and shoots him dead
15.
Django Unchained
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Set in the Old West and Antebellum South, it is a highly stylized tribute to Spaghetti Westerns, in particular the 1966 film Django by Sergio Corbucci, whose star Franco Nero has a cameo appearance. Development of Django Unchained began in 2007 when Tarantino was writing a book on Sergio Corbucci, by April 2011, Tarantino sent his final draft of the script to The Weinstein Company. Casting began in the summer of 2011, with Michael K. Williams, principal photography took place from November 2011 to March 2012 in California, Wyoming and Louisiana. Django Unchained premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on December 11,2012, the film was nominated for several film industry awards, including five Academy Awards. Waltz won several awards for his performance, among them Best Supporting Actor at the Golden Globes, BAFTAs, Tarantino won an Academy Award, a Golden Globe, and a BAFTA award for writing the films original screenplay. The film grossed over $425 million worldwide in theaters against its $100 million budget, in 1858 Texas, the Speck brothers, Ace and Dicky, drive a group of black slaves on foot. Among the shackled slaves is Django, sold off and separated from his wife, the Speck brothers are stopped by Dr. King Schultz, a German dentist-turned-bounty hunter from Düsseldorf, who asks to buy one of the slaves. He questions Django about his knowledge of the Brittle brothers, a group of outlaws for whom Dr. Schultz is carrying a warrant, when Ace becomes suspicious, Dr. Schultz, a superior gunslinger, kills Ace with a fast draw. Dr. Schultz insists on honorably paying Dicky a fair price for Django before leaving him at the mercy of the newly-freed slaves, as Django can identify the Brittle brothers, Dr. Schultz offers him his freedom in exchange for help tracking them down. After tracking and killing the Brittles to a plantation owned by Spencer Big Daddy Bennett and they are also briefly hunted by Big Daddy but Dr. Schultz deceives and kills most of his gang with an explosive in their carriage, as Django kills Big Daddy himself. Dr. Schultz explains that he responsible for Django since Django is the first person he has ever freed. Now fully trained, Django collects his first bounty, keeping the handbill for good luck, Dr. Schultz and Django meet Calvin at his gentlemans club in Greenville and submit their offer to buy one of his best fighters. Intrigued, Calvin invites them to his ranch at Candyland, after finding Broomhilda and telling her of their plan, Dr. Schultz claims to be charmed by her and offers to buy her as well. During dinner, Calvins staunchly loyal house slave Stephen becomes suspicious, Dr. Schultz agrees, and the papers for her freedom are drawn up and signed. Calvin smugly insists that the deal be sealed through a handshake, when Calvin threatens to kill Broomhilda, Dr. Schultz kills Calvin by shooting him in the heart with a concealed derringer. As Stephen mourns over Calvins death, Butch, Calvins bodyguard, kills Dr. Schultz by shooting him with a shotgun, an extensive gunfight begins, and Django guns down a great number of his opponents before surrendering when Broomhilda is taken hostage. The next morning, Stephen tells Django that Calvins sister, Lara Lee Candie-Fitzwilly, is in charge now, en route to the mine, Django proves to his escorts that he is a bounty hunter by showing them his handbill. The escorts release him and give him a pistol, which he uses to kill them before stealing a horse and returning to Candyland with a bag of dynamite
16.
The Hateful Eight
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The Hateful Eight is a 2015 American revisionist Western mystery film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino. It stars Samuel L. Tarantino announced The Hateful Eight in November 2013, after the script leaked in January 2014, he cancelled the film but announced that he had changed his mind after directing a live reading of the script at the United Artists Theater in Los Angeles. Filming began on December 8,2014, near Telluride, Colorado, distributed by The Weinstein Company in the United States, The Hateful Eight was released on December 25,2015, in a roadshow release in 70 mm film. It had a digital release on December 30,2015. It received positive reviews, with Leigh receiving considerable praise, for his work on the score, Morricone won the Golden Globe and his first Academy Award for Best Original Score. The film also earned two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress and Best Cinematography, years after the Civil War, bounty hunter Major Marquis Warren is transporting three dead bounties to the town of Red Rock, Wyoming. He hitches a ride on a driven by a man named O. B. Jackson. Aboard is John Ruth, a bounty hunter known for bringing in outlaws alive to see them hang, handcuffed to him is fugitive Daisy Domergue, Ruth is suspicious of anyone who might steal his claim to the substantial bounty. Ruth and Warren bond over Warrens personal letter from Abraham Lincoln, former Lost-Causer militiaman Chris Mannix, who claims he is traveling to Red Rock as the towns new sheriff, persuades Ruth and Warren to let him on the stagecoach. Warren and Ruth form an alliance to protect each others bounties, Mannix and Warren almost come to blows over their controversial war records. The group seeks refuge from a blizzard at Minnies Haberdashery, a stagecoach lodge and they are greeted by Bob, a Mexican who says the owner, Minnie, is visiting her mother and left him in charge. The other lodgers are Oswaldo Mobray, a hangman, Joe Gage, a quiet cowboy traveling to visit his mother, and Sanford Smithers, suspicious, Ruth disarms all but Warren. As the group eats, Mannix surmises that Warrens Lincoln letter is a forgery, Warren admits this, saying the letter buys him leeway with whites, outraging Ruth. Warren leaves a gun next to Smithers and provokes him into reaching for it by telling Smithers he tortured, raped, Warren shoots Smithers dead in self-defense as revenge for Smithers execution of black soldiers at the Battle of Baton Rouge. While everyone is distracted by the confrontation, someone seen only by Daisy poisons the brewing coffee, Ruth and O. B. drink it, causing them both to vomit blood, killing O. B. The dying Ruth attacks Daisy, but she kills him with his own gun, Warren disarms Daisy, holds the men at gunpoint and leaves her cuffed to Ruths corpse. Warren is joined by Mannix, whom Warren trusts because he drank the poisoned coffee. Warren executes Bob, deducing that he is an impostor who killed the lodge owners, when Warren threatens to execute Daisy, Gage admits that he poisoned the coffee
17.
Samuel L. Jackson filmography
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Samuel L. Jackson is an American actor and film producer. In 2009, the total of all box office receipts for films that Jackson has starred in is the highest of any on-screen actor. As of December 2015, Jackson appeared in one hundred films with a worldwide box office gross of approximately $16 billion to date. Jacksons film career started in 1972 with a role in the film Together for Days, later, Jackson was cast in starring roles in Amos & Andrew, Pulp Fiction, The Great White Hype, A Time to Kill and The Negotiator. W. A. T. Coach Carter, Snakes on a Plane and Lakeview Terrace, among other films and he reprised the role again in Avengers, Age of Ultron. For his role in Pulp Fiction, Jackson won a British Academy of Film and Television Arts award for Best Supporting Actor and was nominated for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award. In 1994, he was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a miniseries for Against the Wall. Jackson also received Golden Globe nominations in 1996 for A Time to Kill, in 2000, Jackson was given a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and in 2006 put his hand and footprints outside Graumans Chinese Theatre. List of awards and nominations received by Samuel L. Jackson
18.
Die Hard with a Vengeance
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Die Hard with a Vengeance is a 1995 American action film and the third in the Die Hard film series. It was released on May 19,1995, five years after Die Hard 2, becoming the highest-grossing film at the worldwide box-office that year and it was followed by Live Free or Die Hard and A Good Day to Die Hard in 2007 and 2013, respectively. In New York City, the Bonwit Teller department store is destroyed by a bomb during the morning commute and they collect McClane and follow Simons instructions. McClane is saved from a group of young men by Zeus Carver. McClane and Carver escape and return to headquarters, where Simon calls again and threatens to detonate more bombs if McClane, Simon sends the two on a series of childrens riddles. He tells them to reach the Wall Street subway station 90 blocks south, McClane boards the subway while Carver drives. McClane locates the bomb and throws it off the train, it detonates, derailing the train. As McClane and Carver regroup with the police, they are met by FBI agents, who reveal Simon is Peter Krieg, a former Colonel in the East German Peoples Army and a mercenary-for-hire. Krieg is after McClane as Kriegs birth name is Simon Peter Gruber, Simon calls the police, knowing the FBI is there, to inform them that he has planted a bomb in a NYC-area public school that is rigged with a radio detonator triggered by the police band. Simon tells them that he will give McClane and Carver the schools location if they continue to play his game, while McClane and Carver set off on Simons next task, the police organize all the citys public works to begin searching schools, using 9-1-1 to coordinate activities. As McClane solves Simons riddles, he recognizes that Simon is using the school bomb distraction to draw the police away from Wall Street and they follow the trucks to aqueduct in the New York City Water Tunnel No. 3, and McClane has Carver continue on Simons games, within the tunnel he kills some of Simons men, discovering they have a roll of quarters on them. Simon destroys a cofferdam, flooding the tunnel, but McClane escapes through a vent and they recognize the roll of quarters would pay for a toll road, and follow the trucks to a tanker vessel in the Long Island Sound. They sneak aboard, but realize too late it is a trap and they are tied to the real bomb and Simon says he will destroy the tanker, redistributing the bullion across the Sound, which would severely destroy the economies of the world. McClane convinces Simon to give him a bottle of aspirin, McClane is able to free them from the bomb before it explodes, sinking the tanker. As McClane and Carver are debriefed by the police, McClane says he knows Simon, McClane finds the bottle of aspirin came from a hotel just inside the Quebec border. McClane, Carver, and the launch an attack on a warehouse near the hotel where Simon and his men are in the process of distributing the wealth. The rest of the men are captured, while Simon and his girlfriend attempt escape in a helicopter, McClane shoots an overhead power line so that it falls onto the helicopter, crashing it and killing all aboard
19.
Unbreakable (film)
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In the film, a security guard named David Dunn survives a horrific train crash. After the incident, with the help of a manipulative disabled comic book shop owner named Elijah Price, he learns that he possesses superhuman powers and skills. As Dunn explores and reluctantly confronts his powers while trying to navigate a difficult life, he begins to fight crime. Shyamalan organized the narrative of Unbreakable to parallel a comic books traditional three-part story structure, after settling on the origin story, Shyamalan wrote the screenplay as a speculative screenplay with Bruce Willis already set to star in the film and Jackson in mind to portray Elijah Price. Filming began in April 2000 and was completed in July, Unbreakable was released on November 22,2000. It received positive reviews, with praising its aesthetics, the performances. The film has gained a strong cult following. Many regard it as one of Shyamalans best films, and in 2011 Time listed the film as one of the top ten movies of all time. After years of development for a film, a thematic sequel entitled Split. Shyamalan has stated his desire to release a movie as well. In Philadelphia in 1961, Elijah Price is born with Type I osteogenesis imperfecta, years later, another Philadelphia man, security guard David Dunn, is also searching for meaning in his life. He had given up a football career during his collegiate days to marry Audrey after they were involved in an auto accident. Now, however, their marriage is dissolving, to the distress of their young son Joseph, as he returns home from a job interview in New York City, Davids train crashes, killing the other 131 passengers, while he is the only survivor, sustaining no injuries. At the memorial for the victims, he finds a card on his cars windshield. Although Elijah unsettles him, David begins to test himself, while lifting weights with Joseph, he bench presses about 350 pounds, well above what he had thought he could do. Joseph begins to idolize his father and believes he is a superhero, David challenges Elijah with an incident from his childhood when he almost drowned. Elijah suggests that the incident highlights the common comic trope whereby superheroes often have one weakness, David used the accident as an excuse to quit football because Audrey did not like the violence of the sport. At Elijahs suggestion, David stands in the middle of a crowd in Philadelphias 30th Street Station, David follows the janitor to the victims house and frees the children, but the janitor ambushes him and pushes him off a balcony into a swimming pool
20.
Shaft (2000 film)
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Jacksons John Shaft character is the nephew of the original John Shaft. The film received positive reviews and opened at the number one position at the box office when it debuted June 16,2000. NYPD Detective John Shaft II is called in to investigate the racially motivated murder of Trey Howard, committed by Walter Wade, Shaft briefly meets a potential eyewitness to the murder, Diane Palmieri, but she disappears soon after and cannot be found for the trial. Wade is released on bail and flees to Switzerland, two years later, Wade returns and Shaft rearrests him for leaving the country. During his temporary incarceration at police headquarters, Wade meets Peoples Hernandez, Wade relinquishes his passport and is released on bail again, in frustration Shaft resigns from the police force, promising to bring Wade to justice on his own terms. Worried that Shaft might find the missing eyewitness, Wade hires Peoples to find, Shaft continues his search for Diane, enlisting the help of his friends Detective Carmen Vasquez and taxi driver Rasaan. While visiting Dianes uncooperative mother, Shaft and Carmen realise they are being followed by officers Jack Roselli and Jimmy Groves, Shaft finally finds her, but before they can talk, they are attacked by Peopless men. In the shootout, Shaft kills Peopless younger brother, Shaft, Diane, Rasaan, and Dianes brother manage to escape to Rasaans apartment, but they are followed by Roselli and Groves. While at the apartment, Diane confesses that she saw the entire murder, when Peoples arrives at the location, another shootout takes place. Roselli and Groves, outed as corrupt, are killed by Carmen, in a face-off between Shaft and Peoples, Peoples insinuates that hes been working for Wade, and Shaft kills him. Before it can begin, however, he is gunned down by Treys mother, in the police station, Shaft reiterates to Carmen that he prefers to be a private detective. A woman arrives, asking for Shaft to help her, claiming to have an abusive boyfriend, Shaft is initially reluctant, but when he sees her injury, he decides to help her anyway. Shaft, along with his uncle, John Shaft I and Rasaan, lee Tergesen as Luger Daniel von Bargen as Lt. Kearney Peter McRobbie as Lt. P, as a homage by director John Singleton to the original film. Shaft received mixed to positive reviews, earning a 68% fresh rating on Rotten Tomatoes, the consensus states With a charismatic lead, on Metacritic, which uses an average of critics reviews, the film holds a 50/100, indicating mixed or average reviews. The film opened at the box office at #1 with $21,714,757, by the end of its run, Shaft had grossed $70,334,258 in the box office. Based on a $46 million budget, the film can be considered a success, in 2000, McFarlane Toys released a Shaft action figure as part of their Movie Maniacs series three toy line. Accessories included are a handgun, sunglasses and a replica of the poster with a skulls. A soundtrack containing hip hop and R&B music was released on June 6,2000 by LaFace Records and it peaked at #22 on the Billboard 200 and #3 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums
21.
The 51st State
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The film follows the story of an American master chemist who heads to Britain to sell his formula for a powerful new drug. All does not go as planned and the chemist soon becomes entangled in a web of deceit, the film premiered in the United Kingdom on 7 December 2001. It was released internationally under the name Formula 51 in October 2002, in 1971, a policeman catches Elmo McElroy, a recent college graduate with a degree in pharmacology, smoking marijuana. Because of his arrest and conviction, he is unable to work as a pharmacologist. In the present day, a lord called the Lizard calls a meeting of his organisation. The meeting goes badly when Elmo, in a bid to escape from the Lizards control, blows up the building, killing everyone, vengeful, the Lizard contacts Dakota, a contract killer, who previously killed the only witness in a case against the Lizard. Dakota initially refuses the hit, but accepts when the Lizard offers to clear her gambling debts, at the meeting, Elmo pitches POS51, a synthetic drug that can be produced with minimal facilities and is 51 times as potent as other drugs. A second opinion from Pudsey, Durants chemist, confirms Elmos claims, since it is $18 million short of the agreed payment, Elmo threatens to leave. In a room across the street, Dakota is about to take a shot at Elmos head when the Lizard calls cancelling the hit, instead of killing Elmo, she is to kill anyone who meets with him. She switches rifles to a weapon and kills everyone but Elmo and Felix. As Elmo and Felix leave the hotel, a gang of skinheads who seek the drug attack them, Elmo protects them with a golf club. Detective Virgil Kane arrives on the scene and gives a chase and he is soon lured into a game of chicken by Elmo, who escapes. Kane returns to the scene and demands 50% of Durants deal with McElroy. A miscommunication leads to Durants death, Felix contacts a gun dealing club owner and drug distributor named Iki, promising him the formula for £20 million. As Elmo and Felix acquire the necessary for the drugs manufacture, all of which are over-the-counter products. Elmo is unflustered, as the claim they have a lab. Elmo makes two batches of the drug, one blue and one red and he claims that the red pill is the stronger version, and after he takes one, the skinheads try it. While they are partying, waiting for the effect of the drug and he tells Felix it is a powerful laxative, Elmo and Felix leave after throwing rolls of toilet paper to the incapacitated skinheads
22.
Black Snake Moan (film)
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Black Snake Moan is a 2006 American drama film written and directed by Craig Brewer, and starring Samuel L. Jackson, Christina Ricci, and Justin Timberlake. The plot focuses on a Mississippi bluesman who holds a local woman captive in his house in an attempt to cure her of her nymphomania after finding her severely beaten on the side of a road. The title of the film derives from the 1927 Blind Lemon Jefferson song, the film draws numerous references to the Mississippi Blues movement, not least in its title and soundtrack. The film centers on two characters, Lazarus Redd, a deeply religious farmer and former blues guitarist, and Rae Doole. Lazarus wife and his brother were having an affair, which has left him bitter, Raes boyfriend Ronnie Morgan leaves for deployment with the 196th Field Artillery Brigade, Tennessee National Guard, and in his absence, she indulges in bouts of promiscuity and drug use. During one of Raes binges, Ronnies friend Gill Morton tries to take advantage of her and she laughs at his advances, comparing him unfavorably with another man, and he severely beats her. Believing shes dead, Gill dumps Rae and leaves her for dead in only a shirt and panties by the side of the road, Lazarus discovers Rae unconscious in the road the next morning and brings her home to nurse her back to health. Lazarus goes to see Tehronne – the man who Lazarus thought had beaten her –, over the course of several days, Rae, delirious with fever, occasionally wakes up and tries to flee from Lazarus. He chains her to the radiator to keep her from running away, after Rae regains her wits, Lazarus announces that it is his spiritual duty to heal her of her sinful ways and refuses to release her until he does so. Rae makes several attempts to escape, and even briefly has sex with a boy who helps out on Lazarus farm. She eventually comes to tolerate her position, Lazarus buys her a conservative dress to wear, plays the guitar for her, and feeds her home-cooked meals. Lazarus pastor and close friend, R. L. visits Lazarus at his house, the pastor tries to reason with Lazarus and the group shares a meal. Meanwhile, Ronnie returns to town after being discharged from the National Guard due to his anxiety disorder. While searching for Rae, who has disappeared, he meets Gill, Ronnie attacks Gill, steals his truck, and continues searching for Rae. In the morning, Lazarus frees Rae, having decided that he has no authority to pass judgment on her, Rae chooses to stay with Lazarus of her own will. Later, Rae and Lazarus take a trip into town, where Rae confronts her mother about the abuse she suffered at the hands of her mothers partner. Meanwhile, Lazarus has formed a romance with the local pharmacist. He plays a concert at a local bar, which Rae attends
23.
Snakes on a Plane
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Snakes on a Plane is a 2006 American action thriller film directed by David R. Ellis and starring Samuel L. Jackson. It was released by New Line Cinema on August 18,2006, the film was written by David Dalessandro, John Heffernan, and Sheldon Turner and follows the events of hundreds of snakes being released on a passenger plane in an attempt to kill a trial witness. The film gained an amount of attention before its release, forming large fanbases online and becoming an Internet phenomenon, due to the films title, casting. In response to the Internet fan base, New Line Cinema incorporated feedback from online users into its production, before and after the film was released, it was parodied and alluded to on television shows and films, fan-made videos, video games, and various forms of literature. Despite the immense Internet buzz, the gross revenue did not live up to expectations. The film grossed US$62 million worldwide before its release on video on January 2,2007. After witnessing gangster Eddie Kim brutally beat U. S, prosecutor Daniel Hayes to death in Hawaii, Sean Jones is escorted by FBI agents Neville Flynn and John Sanders on a Boeing 747-400 to testify in a trial in Los Angeles. The crate opens midway through the flight and the snakes make their way through the cabin, a couple having sex in a bathroom, and a man using the bathroom are the first killed. The planes captain, Sam McKeon, investigates and fixes an electrical short, co-pilot Rick, unaware of the snake, believes Sam has suffered a heart attack and continues toward LAX. Some of the snakes attack Rick, and while fending them off he accidentally releases the oxygen masks throughout the plane, numerous passengers, including Agent Sanders, are killed when the snakes invade the cabin. The surviving passengers, who have made their way to the front of the plane, Rick is attacked and the plane starts to dip downwards, causing a food trolley to crash through the luggage blockade. The passengers flee to the upstairs first class cabin before blocking the stairwell with an inflatable liferaft, Agent Flynn and Flight Attendant Claire regain control of the plane. Rick retakes the controls and has Flynn go into the hold to restore the air conditioning/ventilation system. Agent Flynn contacts FBI Special Agent Hank Harris on the ground, after a shootout, the dealer is bitten by one of his snakes and Harris withholds the antivenom if he does not give them details. The dealer finally reveals that Kim hired him to obtain the snakes, Harris contacts Flynn, telling him that anti-venom will be ready for the passengers when they land. However, Flynn discovers that the cockpit is filled with snakes, after a brief discussion, Troy, Three Gs bodyguard, agrees to land the plane based on prior experience. After everyone gets prepared, Flynn shoots out two windows with his pistol, causing the plane to depressurize, the snakes are blown out of the cockpit and the lower floor of the plane. Flynn and Troy take the controls of the plane and Troy reveals that his experience was from a video game flight simulator
24.
Star Wars
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Star Wars is an American epic space opera franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas. It depicts the adventures of characters a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away. The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars and it was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy. A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, which received mixed-to-negative reactions, a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars, The Force Awakens. All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards and have been successes, with a combined box office revenue of over $7.5 billion. Spin-off films include Star Wars, The Clone Wars and Rogue One, Star Wars also holds a Guinness World Records title for the Most successful film merchandising franchise. In 2015, the value of the Star Wars franchise was estimated at USD $42 billion. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion and earned the rights to all subsequent Star Wars films. Walt Disney Studios owns digital distribution rights to all the Star Wars films, the events depicted in the Star Wars franchise take place in an unnamed fictional galaxy at an undetermined point in the distant past. Many species of creatures are depicted. Robotic droids are also commonplace and are built to serve their owners. Space travel is common, and many planets in the galaxy are members of a single galactic government. In the prequel trilogy, this is depicted in the form of the Galactic Republic, at the end of the trilogy and throughout the original trilogy. Preceding and during the trilogy, this government is the New Republic. One of the prominent elements of Star Wars is the Force and it is described in the first produced film as an energy field created by all living things surrounds us, penetrates us, binds the galaxy together. While the Force can be used for good, known as the side, it also has a dark side that, when pursued, imbues users with hatred, aggression. The sequel trilogy introduces the Knights of Ren, an order of practitioners of the side of the Force aligned with the First Order. The first film in the series, Star Wars, was released on May 25,1977 and this was followed by two sequels, The Empire Strikes Back, released on May 21,1980, and Return of the Jedi, released on May 25,1983
25.
Marvel Comics
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Marvel Comics is the common name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc. formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, an American publisher of comic books and related media. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwides parent company, Marvel started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s had generally become known as Atlas Comics. Marvels modern incarnation dates from 1961, the year that the company launched The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. Most of Marvels fictional characters operate in a reality known as the Marvel Universe. Martin Goodman founded the later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. The issue was a success, with it and a second printing the following month selling, combined. While its contents came from an outside packager, Funnies, Inc, Timely had its own staff in place by the following year. It, too, proved a hit, with sales of one million. Goodman formed Timely Comics, Inc. beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941, Goodman hired his wifes cousin, Stanley Lieber, as a general office assistant in 1939. Lee wrote extensively for Timely, contributing to a number of different titles, Goodmans business strategy involved having his various magazines and comic books published by a number of corporations all operating out of the same office and with the same staff. One of these companies through which Timely Comics was published was named Marvel Comics by at least Marvel Mystery Comics #55. As well, some covers, such as All Surprise Comics #12, were labeled A Marvel Magazine many years before Goodman would formally adopt the name in 1961. The post-war American comic market saw superheroes falling out of fashion and this globe branding united a line put out by the same publisher, staff and freelancers through 59 shell companies, from Animirth Comics to Zenith Publications. Atlas also published a plethora of childrens and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlos Homer the Happy Ghost, Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. Atlas did not achieve any hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply. During this time, the Comic Code Authority made its debut in September 1954, Wertham published the book Seduction of the Innocent in order to force people to see that comics were impacting American youth. He believed violent comics were causing children to be reckless and were turning them into delinquents, in September 1954, comic book publishers got together to set up their own self-censorship organization—the Comics Magazine Association of America—in order to appease audiences
26.
Ultimate Nick Fury
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When the character resurfaced in 2002 in The Ultimates, he had been redesigned to look like actor Samuel L. Jackson. And first appeared with this look in The Ultimates #1. The similarity is noted within the comic itself, in a scene in which the Ultimates discuss who they think should play each of them in a hypothetical movie about the team. Furys answer for himself is Mr. Samuel L. Jackson, of course, in The Mighty Avengers #13, Nick Fury uses a disguise that is similar in appearance to Ultimate Fury. This receives comment from Daisy Johnson as his worst disguise ever, conversely, in Ultimate Mystery, it is the Ultimate version of the character who disguises himself, resembling his Earth-616 counterpart and gets the same comment. In the mainstream event of Battle Scars, it is revealed that the 616 Fury fathered a child with an African-American woman named Nia Jones and his child went under the alias Marcus Johnson, but his real name is Nick Fury, Jr. Fury Jr. closely resembles the Ultimate version of Fury, when the original Nick Fury decided to retire as director of S. H. I. E. L. D. The mantle was handed onto Fury Jr. who had recently lost his left eye, nicholas Fury fought for the United States in World War II. During the invasion of Sicily, he, along with Private Fisk and Canadian paratrooper Corporal Howlett, american military police arrived to arrest them, and all three were subdued. Fury was selected to be the next test subject for Project, Rebirth, as his work most closely matched that of Subject #22. He was injected with a serum that gave him super-strength, which he used to himself and the other prisoners. The scientists who were working on him let him escape, deciding that they have all the information that they needed for now. After attending college in India, Fury enlisted in the U. S. military and he was later assigned to S. H. I. E. L. D. s Weapon X program in the original Gulf War. While transporting Wolverine in his cage, an Iraqi guerrilla ambush killed his team. After slaughtering the Iraqi guards, Wolverine discovered Fury, the survivor of the ambush. Although Wolverine was summarily subdued and re-imprisoned by his handlers, a bond between the two men was formed, the next day, Fury, already mostly healed, is confronted by General Thaddeus Ross. The General had discovered much was unusual about Fury and questioned him at length, years later, the X-Men were abducted and imprisoned by the Weapon X program. This program was overseen at the time by Wraith, who had staged a coup against General Ross
27.
Marvel Cinematic Universe
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The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series and digital series. The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, clark Gregg has appeared the most in the franchise, portraying Phil Coulson, a character original to the MCU. The first film released in the MCU was Iron Man, which began the first phase of films culminating in the crossover film Marvels The Avengers, Phase Two began with Iron Man 3, and concluded with Ant-Man. The films are currently in Phase Three, which began with the release of Captain America, Marvel Television expanded the universe further, first to network television with Marvels Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. Marvel Television has also produced the digital series Marvels Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D, slingshot, which is a supplement to Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. Soundtrack albums have been released for all of the films, along many of television series. It has inspired film and television studios with comic book character adaptation rights to attempt to create similar shared universes. By 2005, Marvel Entertainment began planning to produce its own films. Previously, Marvel had co-produced several superhero films with Columbia Pictures, New Line Cinema and others, Marvel made relatively little profit from its licensing deals with other studios and wanted to get more money out of its films while maintaining artistic control of the projects and distribution. Avi Arad, head of Marvels film division, was pleased with Sam Raimis Spider-Man films at Sony, as a result, they decided to form Marvel Studios, Hollywoods first major independent movie studio since DreamWorks. Feige, a self-professed fanboy, envisioned creating a shared universe just as creators Stan Lee, to raise capital, the studio secured funding from a seven-year, $525 million revolving credit facility with Merrill Lynch. Marvels plan was to release films for their main characters. Arad, who doubted the strategy yet insisted that it was his reputation that helped secure the initial financing, in 2007, at 33 years old, Feige was named studio chief. Feige initially referred to the narrative continuity of these films as the Marvel Cinema Universe. Marvel has designated the Marvel Cinematic Universe as Earth-199999 within the continuity of the companys multiverse, while not always the case, as evident by the 2013 releases of Iron Man 3 and Thor, The Dark World, he said it is certainly something to aim for. Feige expanded on this in July 2014, saying, I dont know that well keep to every year, wed rather find a way to keep that going. After the titles were revealed in October 2014, Feige said, which made us comfortable for the first time. To increase to three films a year instead of just two, without changing our methods, just like comic readers have been doing for decades and decades
28.
Iron Man (2008 film)
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The film was directed by Jon Favreau, with a screenplay by Mark Fergus & Hawk Ostby and Art Marcum & Matt Holloway. It stars Robert Downey Jr. Terrence Howard, Jeff Bridges, Shaun Toub, in Iron Man, Tony Stark, an industrialist and master engineer, builds a powered exoskeleton and becomes the technologically advanced superhero Iron Man. The film had been in development since 1990 at Universal Pictures, 20th Century Fox, or New Line Cinema at various times, Marvel put the project in production as its first self-financed film, with Paramount Pictures as its distributor. Filming began in March 2007 and concluded in June, during filming, the actors were free to create their own dialogue because pre-production was focused on the story and action. Rubber and metal versions of the armors, created by Stan Winstons company, were mixed with computer-generated imagery to create the title character, Iron Man premiered in Sydney on April 14,2008, and was released in theaters on May 2,2008. The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $585 million, Downeys performance as Tony Stark was particularly praised. The American Film Institute selected the film as one of the ten best of the year and it was also nominated for two Academy Awards for the Best Sound Editing and the Best Visual Effects. Two sequels, Iron Man 2 and Iron Man 3, were released on May 7,2010, after the demonstration, the convoy is ambushed and Stark is critically wounded by one of his own companys rocket-propelled grenades. Ten Rings leader Raza offers Stark freedom in exchange for building a Jericho missile for the group, Stark and Yinsen quietly build a small, powerful electric generator called an arc reactor to power Starks electromagnet and a suit of powered armor to aid in their escape. Although they keep the suit hidden almost to completion, the Ten Rings discover their hostages intentions, Yinsen sacrifices himself to divert them while the suit is completed. The armored Stark battles his way out of the cave to find the dying Yinsen, then in anger burns the Ten Rings weapons and flies away, crashing in the desert and destroying the suit. After being rescued by Rhodes, Stark returns home and announces that his company no longer manufacture weapons. Obadiah Stane, his fathers old partner and the manager, advises Stark that this may ruin Stark Industries. In his home workshop, Stark builds a sleeker, more powerful version of his armor suit. Personal assistant Pepper Potts places the original reactor inside a glass showcase. Though Stane requests details, Stark keeps his work to himself, Stark also learns Stane is trying to replace him as head of the company. Enraged by these revelations, Stark dons his new armor and flies to Afghanistan, while flying home, Stark is shot at by two F-22 Raptor fighter jets. He reveals his identity to Rhodes over the phone in an attempt to end the attack
29.
Iron Man 2
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Directed by Jon Favreau and written by Justin Theroux, the film stars Robert Downey Jr. Gwyneth Paltrow, Don Cheadle, Scarlett Johansson, Sam Rockwell, Mickey Rourke, and Samuel L. Jackson. Following the successful release of Iron Man in May 2008, Marvel Studios announced, in July of that same year Theroux was hired to write the script, and Favreau was signed to return and direct. Downey, Paltrow and Jackson were set to reprise their roles from Iron Man, in the early months of 2009, Rourke, Rockwell and Johansson filled out the supporting cast, and filming took place from April to July of that year. Like its predecessor the film was mostly in California, except for a key sequence in Monaco. Iron Man 2 premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on April 26,2010, the film received generally positive reviews and was commercially successful, grossing over $623.9 million at the worldwide box office. The DVD and Blu-ray were released on September 28,2010, the third installment of the Iron Man series, Iron Man 3, was released on May 3,2013. In Russia, the media covers Tony Starks disclosure of his identity as Iron Man, Ivan Vanko, whose father Anton Vanko has just died, sees this and begins building a miniature arc reactor similar to Starks. Six months later, Stark is a superstar and uses his Iron Man suit for peaceful means and he reinstitutes the Stark Expo to continue his father Howards legacy. The palladium core in the arc reactor that keeps Stark alive and powers the armor is slowly poisoning him, Stark competes in the Monaco Historic Grand Prix, where he is attacked in the middle of the race by Vanko who wields electrified whips. Stark dons his Mark V armor and defeats Vanko, but the suit is severely damaged, Vanko explains his intention was to prove to the world that Iron Man is not invincible. Impressed by Vankos performance, Starks rival, Justin Hammer, fakes Vankos death while breaking him out of prison, during what he believes is his final birthday party, Stark gets drunk while wearing the Mark IV suit. Disgusted, U. S. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel James Rhodes dons Starks Mark II prototype armor, the fight ends in a stalemate, so Rhodes confiscates the Mark II for the U. S. Air Force. Approaches Stark, revealing Rushman to be Agent Natasha Romanoff and that Howard Stark was a S. H. I. E. L. D. Fury explains that Vankos father jointly invented the arc reactor with Stark, the Soviets sent Anton to the gulag. Fury gives Stark some of his fathers old material, a message in the diorama of the 1974 Stark Expo proves to be a diagram of the structure of a new element. With the aid of his computer J. A. R. V. I. S, when he learns Vanko is still alive, he places the new element in his arc reactor and ends his palladium dependency. At the Expo, Hammer unveils Vankos armored drones, led by Rhodes in a weaponized version of the Mark II armor. Stark arrives in the Mark VI armor to warn Rhodes, Hammer is arrested while Romanoff and Starks bodyguard Happy Hogan go after Vanko at Hammers factory
30.
Thor (film)
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Thor is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is the film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film sees Thor, the prince of Asgard, banished to Earth. As his brother, Loki, plots to take the throne for himself, Thor must prove himself worthy, sam Raimi first developed the concept of a film adaptation of Thor in 1991, but soon abandoned the project, leaving it in development hell for several years. Matthew Vaughn was originally assigned to direct the film for a tentative 2010 release, however, after Vaughn was released from his holding deal in 2008, Branagh was approached and the films release was rescheduled into 2011. The main characters were cast in 2009, and principal photography took place in California, the film was converted to 3D in post-production. Thor premiered on April 17,2011, in Sydney, Australia and was released on May 6,2011, the film was a financial success and received positive reviews from film critics. The DVD and Blu-ray sets were released on September 13,2011, a sequel, Thor, The Dark World, was released on November 8,2013. A third film, Thor, Ragnarok is set to be released on November 3,2017. In 965 AD, Odin, king of Asgard, wages war against the Frost Giants of Jotunheim and their leader Laufey, to prevent them from conquering the nine realms, starting with Earth. The Asgardian warriors defeat the Frost Giants and seize the source of their power, in the present, Odins son Thor prepares to ascend to the throne of Asgard, but is interrupted when Frost Giants attempt to retrieve the Casket. Against Odins order, Thor travels to Jotunheim to confront Laufey, accompanied by his brother Loki, childhood friend Sif and the Warriors Three, Volstagg, Fandral, a battle ensues until Odin intervenes to save the Asgardians, destroying the fragile truce between the two races. Thor lands in New Mexico, where astrophysicist Dr. Jane Foster, her assistant Darcy Lewis, the local populace finds Mjolnir, which S. H. I. E. L. D. Agent Phil Coulson soon commandeers before forcibly acquiring Janes data about the wormhole that delivered Thor to Earth, Thor, having discovered Mjolnirs nearby location, seeks to retrieve it from the facility that S. H. I. E. L. D. Quickly constructed but he finds himself unable to lift it, and is captured, with Selvigs help, he is freed and resigns himself to exile on Earth as he develops a romance with Jane. Loki discovers that he is actually Laufeys son, adopted by Odin after the war ended, a weary Odin falls into the deep Odinsleep to recover his strength. Loki seizes the throne in Odins stead and offers Laufey the chance to kill Odin, aware of their plan, Loki sends the Destroyer, a seemingly indestructible automaton, to pursue them and kill Thor. The warriors find Thor, but the Destroyer attacks and defeats them, struck by the Destroyer and near death, Thors sacrifice proves him worthy to wield Mjolnir
31.
Captain America: The First Avenger
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Captain America, The First Avenger is a 2011 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Captain America, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Paramount Pictures. It is the film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Captain America, The First Avenger began as a concept in 1997 and was scheduled for distribution by Artisan Entertainment, however, a lawsuit, not settled until September 2003, disrupted the project. In 2005, Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch, directors Jon Favreau and Louis Leterrier were interested in directing the project before Johnston was approached in 2008. The principal characters were cast between March and June 2010, production of Captain America, The First Avenger began in June 2010, and filming took place in London, Manchester, Caerwent, and Liverpool in the United Kingdom, and Los Angeles in the United States. The film was converted to 3D in post-production, Captain America, The First Avenger premiered in Hollywood on July 19,2011, and was released in the United States on July 22,2011. The film received reviews and was commercially successful, grossing over $370 million worldwide. The Blu-ray and DVD were released on October 25,2011, a sequel titled Captain America, The Winter Soldier was released on April 4,2014, and a third film titled Captain America, Civil War was released on May 6,2016. In the present day, scientists in the Arctic uncover an old, in March 1942, Nazi officer Johann Schmidt and his men steal a mysterious relic called the Tesseract, which possesses untold powers, from the town of Tønsberg in German-occupied Norway. In New York City, Steve Rogers is rejected for World War II military recruitment because of various health, while attending an exhibition of future technologies with his friend, Sgt. James Bucky Barnes, Rogers again attempts to enlist, overhearing Rogers conversation with Barnes about wanting to help in the war, Dr. Abraham Erskine allows Rogers to enlist. He is recruited into the Strategic Scientific Reserve as part of an experiment under Erskine, Col. Chester Phillips. Phillips is unconvinced by Erskines claims that Rogers is the person for the procedure. The night before the treatment, Erskine reveals to Rogers that Schmidt underwent an imperfect version of the procedure, Schmidt and Dr. Arnim Zola harness the energies of the Tesseract, intending to use the power to fuel Zolas inventions, mounting an offensive that will change the world. Schmidt discovers Erskines location and dispatches assassin Heinz Kruger to kill him, Erskine subjects Rogers to the super-soldier treatment, injecting him with a special serum and dosing him with vita-rays. After Rogers emerges from the experiment taller and more muscular, an undercover Kruger kills Erskine, Rogers pursues and captures Kruger, but the assassin avoids interrogation by committing suicide with a cyanide capsule. With Erskine dead and his super-soldier formula lost, U. S, senator Brandt has Rogers tour the nation in a colorful costume as Captain America to promote war bonds while scientists study him and attempt to rediscover the formula. In 1943, while on tour in Italy performing for active servicemen, refusing to believe that Barnes is dead, Rogers has Carter and engineer Howard Stark fly him behind enemy lines to mount a solo rescue attempt
32.
The Avengers (2012 film)
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In the film, Nick Fury, director of the peacekeeping organization S. H. I. E. L. D. Recruits Iron Man, Captain America, the Hulk, and Thor to form a team that must stop Thors brother Loki from subjugating Earth, the films development began when Marvel Studios received a loan from Merrill Lynch in April 2005. After the success of the film Iron Man in May 2008, with the signing of Johansson in March 2009, the film was pushed back for a 2012 release. Whedon was brought on board in April 2010 and rewrote the screenplay by Zak Penn. Production began in April 2011 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, before moving to Cleveland, Ohio, in August, the film was converted to 3D in post-production. The Avengers premiered on April 11,2012, at Hollywoods El Capitan Theatre and was released theatrically in the United States on May 4,2012. The film received reviews from critics, as well as numerous awards and nominations including Academy Award. It has set or tied numerous box office records, including the biggest opening weekend in North America, the Avengers grossed over $1.5 billion worldwide, and became the third-highest-grossing film during its theatrical run—as well as the first Marvel production to generate $1 billion in ticket sales. The film was released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on September 25,2012, the Asgardian Loki encounters the Other, the leader of an extraterrestrial race known as the Chitauri. In exchange for retrieving the Tesseract,2 a powerful source of unknown potential. Agent Phil Coulson explains that the object has begun radiating an unusual form of energy, the Tesseract suddenly activates and opens a wormhole, allowing Loki to reach Earth. Loki takes the Tesseract and uses his scepter to enslave Selvig, in response to the attack, Fury reactivates the Avengers Initiative. Agent Natasha Romanoff is sent to Calcutta to recruit Dr. Bruce Banner to trace the Tesseract through its gamma radiation emissions, Coulson visits Tony Stark to have him review Selvigs research, and Fury approaches Steve Rogers with an assignment to retrieve the Tesseract. While Loki is being escorted to S. H. I. E. L. D, Thor, his adoptive brother, arrives and frees him, hoping to convince him to abandon his plan and return to Asgard. After a confrontation with Stark and Rogers, Thor agrees to take Loki to S. H. I. E. L. D. s flying aircraft carrier, there Loki is imprisoned while Banner and Stark attempt to locate the Tesseract. The Avengers become divided, both over how to approach Loki and the revelation that S. H. I. E. L. D, plans to harness the Tesseract to develop weapons as a deterrent against hostile extraterrestrials. As the group argues, Barton and Lokis other possessed agents attack the Helicarrier, disabling its engines in flight, Stark and Rogers try to restart the damaged engine, and Thor attempts to stop the Hulks rampage. Romanoff fights Barton, and knocks him unconscious, breaking Lokis mind control, Loki escapes after killing Coulson and ejecting Thor from the airship, while the Hulk falls to the ground after attacking a S. H. I. E. L. D
33.
Captain America: The Winter Soldier
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It is the sequel to 2011s Captain America, The First Avenger and the ninth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The film was directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, with a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely, who had also written The First Avenger. In Captain America, The Winter Soldier, Captain America, Black Widow, while facing a mysterious assassin known as the Winter Soldier. A major influence in The Winter Soldier was conspiracy fiction from the 1970s such as Three Days of the Condor, the script was written in 2011, with the Russo brothers entering negotiations to direct in June 2012 and casting beginning the following month. Principal photography commenced in April 2013 in Los Angeles, California before moving to Washington, D. C. and Cleveland, Ohio. While the directors aimed for realism, with focus on practical effects. Captain America, The Winter Soldier premiered in Los Angeles on March 13,2014 and it was released internationally on March 26,2014, and in North America on April 4,2014, in 2D, 3D, and IMAX 3D. The film became a critical and commercial success, grossing over $714 million worldwide and it also received an Academy Award nomination for Best Visual Effects. A sequel titled Captain America, Civil War also directed by the Russo brothers was released on May 6,2016. Two years after the Battle of New York, Steve Rogers works in Washington D. C. for the espionage agency S. H. I. E. L. D, under Director Nick Fury, while adjusting to contemporary society. Rogers and Agent Natasha Romanoff are sent with S. H. I. E. L. D. s counter-terrorism S. T. R. I. K. E. Team, led by Agent Rumlow, to free hostages aboard a S. H. I. E. L. D, vessel from Georges Batroc and his mercenaries. Mid-mission, Rogers discovers Romanoff has another agenda, to data from the ships computers for Fury. Unable to decrypt the data recovered by Romanoff, Fury becomes suspicious about Insight, official Alexander Pierce to delay the project. On his way to rendezvous with Maria Hill, Fury is ambushed by assailants led by an assassin called the Winter Soldier. Fury escapes to Rogers apartment, and warns Rogers that S. H. I. E. L. D. is compromised, after handing Rogers a flash drive containing data from the ship, Fury is gunned down by the Winter Soldier. Fury is pronounced dead during surgery, and Hill recovers the body, the next day, Pierce summons Rogers to the Triskelion. When Rogers withholds Furys information, Pierce brands him a fugitive, using data in the flash drive they discover a secret S. H. I. E. L. D
34.
Avengers: Infinity War
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Avengers, Infinity War is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. It is intended to be the sequel to 2012s Marvels The Avengers and 2015s Avengers, Age of Ultron, in Avengers, Infinity War, the Avengers join forces with the Guardians of the Galaxy to confront Thanos. The film was announced in October 2014 as Avengers, Infinity War – Part 1, the Russo brothers came on board to direct in April 2015 and by May, Markus and McFeely signed on to write the script for the film. In July 2016, Marvel shortened the titled to Avengers, Infinity War, filming began in January 2017, at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, shooting back-to-back with a direct sequel until October/November 2017. Additional filming took place in Scotland, Avengers, Infinity War is scheduled to be released on May 4,2018, in IMAX. An untitled sequel is scheduled to be released on May 3,2019, co-director Joe Russo said that Tony senses this greater threat approaching, so he is doing everything in his power to keep the Earth safe. Josh Brolin as Thanos, A powerful being who longs to collect all of the Infinity Stones in order to conquer the universe, co-screenwriter Stephen McFeely noted that Thanos wants to amass the Infinity Stones so he can re-balance the universe as he sees it. In addition to providing the voice for the character, Brolin performed motion capture on set, on choosing to portray Thanos, Brolin said that his good friend Marvel Studios co-president Louis DEsposito called me up and started talking about this thing. It was nice because I could intimately talk to him about it, what I didnt like about the whole idea of it. It was really exciting because of the possibilities that it could become, not as an idea or as a blockbuster, but just as something different. Brolin was looking to explore the humanity of the character, saying there are parts of him that are unfounded to me, which will be found. Mark Ruffalo as Bruce Banner / Hulk, An Avenger and a genius scientist who, because of exposure to gamma radiation, tom Hiddleston as Loki, Thors adoptive brother and nemesis based on the deity of the same name. Joe Russo added, His responsibility to himself is now in conflict with his responsibility to others and his road forward involves figuring out who Steve Rogers is without the shield. Chris Hemsworth as Thor, An Avenger and the prince of Asgard. Joe Russo stated that Thors storyline picks up after the events of Thor, Ragnarok, very interesting place and gives him a real emotional motivation after that. Jeremy Renner as Clint Barton / Hawkeye, A master archer and former agent of S. H. I. E. L. D, who is a member of Rogers faction of Avengers. Elizabeth Olsen as Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch, A member of Rogers faction of Avengers, sebastian Stan as Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier, An enhanced assassin and Rogers ally and best friend, who reemerged brainwashed after being thought killed in action during World War II. Aaron Lazar will serve as Cumberbatchs stand-in during filming, until the latter completes filming on The Current War, at that point, Cumberbatch will re-shoot scenes where his face needs to be seen
35.
Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.
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Or simply Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S. H. I. E. L. D. A fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes and it is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The series is produced by ABC Studios, Marvel Television, and Mutant Enemy Productions, with Jed Whedon, Tancharoen, and Jeffrey Bell serving as showrunners. The series revolves around the character of Phil Coulson, with Clark Gregg reprising his role from the film series, Agents, who must deal with various unusual cases and enemies, including Hydra and the Inhumans. Joss Whedon began developing a S. H. I. E. L. D, Pilot following the success of his film Marvels The Avengers, and Gregg was confirmed to reprise his role in October 2012. Prosthetic makeup is created with Glenn Hetricks Optic Nerve Studios, while Legacy Effects contributes other practical effects, the visual effects for the series are created by FuseFX, and have been nominated for multiple awards. Several episodes directly crossover with films or other series set in the MCU, while other characters from MCU films. The first season aired from September 24,2013, to May 13,2014, while the second season aired from September 23,2014. A third season premiered on September 29,2015, concluding on May 17,2016. In March 2016, Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D. was renewed for a season, which premiered on September 20,2016. After starting the first season with high ratings but mixed reviews and this led to much lower but more consistent ratings, as well as more consistently positive reviews in the subsequent seasons. A web series, Marvels Agents of S. H. I. E. L. D, slingshot, centered on Elena Yo-Yo Rodriguez, was launched in December 2016 on ABC. com. Agent Phil Coulson putting together a team of S. H. I. E. L. D. Agents to handle strange new cases and they investigate Project Centipede and its leader, The Clairvoyant, eventually uncovering that the organization is backed by Hydra, which has infiltrated S. H. I. E. L. D. In the second season, following the destruction of S. H. I. E. L. D. Now-Director Coulson and his look to restore trust from the government and public while dealing with Hydra. Agents, and the newly revealed Inhumans, during the third season, Coulson begins a secret mission to assemble the Secret Warriors, a team of Inhumans, as Hydra restores its ancient Inhuman leader Hive to power. After the defeat of Hive and with Hydra destroyed, S. H. I. E. L. D. is made an organization once again for the fourth season
36.
Pixar
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Pixar, also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios, is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $7.4 billion, Pixar has produced seventeen feature films, beginning with Toy Story, which was the first-ever computer-animated feature film, and its most recent being Finding Dory. All 17 of its films have debuted with CinemaScore ratings of at least an A−, the studio has also produced several short films. As of October 2016, its films have earned approximately $10.8 billion at the box office worldwide. Fourteen of Pixars films are also among the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time, the studio has earned sixteen Academy Awards, seven Golden Globe Awards, and eleven Grammy Awards, among many other awards and acknowledgments. Monsters, Inc. and Cars are the two films that were nominated for the award without winning it, while Cars 2, Monsters University, The Good Dinosaur. Up and Toy Story 3 were also the second and third animated films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, the first being Walt Disney Animation Studios Beauty. Luxo Jr. a character from the studios 1986 short film of the name, is the studios mascot. The award was presented by Lucasfilms founder George Lucas, Schure kept pouring money into the computer graphics lab, an estimated $15 million, giving the group everything they desired and drove NYIT into serious financial troubles. During the following months, they resigned from CGL, found temporary jobs for about a year to avoid making Schure suspicious. He was then reunited with Alvy Ray Smith, who made the journey from NYIT to Lucasfilm. At NYIT, the researchers pioneered many of the CG foundation techniques—in particular the invention of the alpha channel, Years later, the CGL produced a few frames of an experimental film called The Works. In 1982, the team working on special effects film sequences with Industrial Light & Magic. In 1983, Nolan Bushnell founded a new computer-guided animation studio called Kadabrascope as a subsidiary of his Chuck E. Cheeses Pizza Time Theatres company, only one major project was made out of the new studio, an animated Christmas movie for NBC starring Chuck E. The animation movement would be made using Tweening instead of cel animation. After the North American Video Game Crash of 1983, Bushnell started selling some subsidiaries of PTT to keep the business afloat, sente Technologies would be sold to Bally Games and Kadabrascope would be sold to LucasFilm. The Kadabrascope assets s would be combined with the Computer Division of LucasFilm, PTT would later be sold to ShowBiz Pizza Place, a competitor, in 1985. Amongst the 38 remaining employees, there were also Malcolm Blanchard, David DiFrancesco, Ralph Guggenheim and Bill Reeves, Tom Duff, also an NYIT member, would later join Pixar after its formation
37.
The Incredibles
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The Incredibles is a 2004 American computer-animated superhero film written and directed by Brad Bird, produced by Pixar Animation Studios, and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The film follows a family of superheroes who is forced to hide their powers, Mr. Bird, who was Pixars first outside director, developed the film as an extension of 1960s comic books and spy films from his boyhood and personal family life. He pitched the film to Pixar after the box office disappointment of his first feature, The Iron Giant, the animation team was tasked with animating an all-human cast, which required creating new technology to animate detailed human anatomy, clothing and realistic skin and hair. Michael Giacchino composed the orchestral score. The film premiered on October 27,2004, at the BFI London Film Festival and had its release in the United States on November 5,2004. The film performed well at the box office, grossing $633 million worldwide during its theatrical run. The Incredibles was met with critical acclaim, garnering high marks from professional critics. The film received the 2004 Annie Award for Best Animated Feature and it became the first entirely animated film to win the prestigious Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation. A sequel, The Incredibles 2, is scheduled for release on June 15,2018, public opinion turns against humans with superpowers – called Supers – due to peripheral damage caused by their crime-fighting activities. After several lawsuits, they are forced into civilian relocation programs by the government, fifteen years later, Bob and Helen Parr, formerly known as Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl, and their children Violet, Dash, and Jack-Jack live as a suburban family. Bob is dissatisfied with life and his white-collar job, longing for the glory days. Sometimes, Bob and his old friend Lucius Best – formerly known as Frozone – perform vigilante work without their wives knowledge during the night, one day, Bob loses his temper because his supervisor refuses to let him stop a mugging, causing him to be dismissed. Arriving on Nomanisan, Bob is able to find and destroy the Omnidroid by tricking it into ripping out its own power source. Bob is rejuvenated by being able to use his powers freely, improving his attitude and relationship with his family, he begins rigorous training while waiting for more work from Mirage. Discovering a tear in his suit, Bob visits superhero costume designer Edna Mode, who decides to make him and his whole family suits, unbeknownst to Helen and the kids. Leaving for Nomanisan once again, Bob discovers that Mirage is working for Buddy Pine, Bob sneaks into Syndromes island base and finds his computer. He discovers that Syndrome has lured countless retired superheroes to their deaths, meanwhile, Helen visits Edna, learns what Bob has been up to, and activates a homing beacon Edna built into the suits to find him, inadvertently causing Bob to be discovered and captured. Helen borrows an airplane to head for Nomanisan, but finds Violet and Dash have stowed away wearing their own suits, Syndrome picks up Helens radio transmissions and shoots down the plane
38.
Incredibles 2
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The Incredibles 2 is an upcoming 2018 American 3D computer-animated superhero film, the sequel to The Incredibles. It is in production by Pixar Animation Studios, and will be released by Walt Disney Pictures and it is being written and directed by Brad Bird, the director of the first film. The movie is scheduled to be released on June 15,2018, Holly Hunter as Helen Parr / Elastigirl Samuel L. During an interview in May 2013, Bird reiterated his interest in making a sequel, people think that I have not been, but I have. Because I love those characters and love that world and he continues, I am stroking my chin and scratching my head. I have many, many elements that I think would work well in another Incredibles film. At the Disney shareholders meeting in March 2014, Disney CEO and chairman Bob Iger confirmed that Pixar is working on a sequel to The Incredibles, later that month, Samuel L. Jackson told Digital Spy that he would likely reprise his role as Frozone in the sequel. In April 2015, Bird revealed to NPR that he had begun writing the screenplay for the sequel, in May 2015, Bird confirmed that the Incredibles sequel would be his next film following Disneys Tomorrowland. He also stated that the film will not reflect trends in the genre since the first films release, explaining. For me, the thing was never the superhero part of it. It was more the family dynamic, and how do superhero things play into that, in August 2015, the sequels logo was revealed at D23 Expo. In October 2015, Bird confirmed that Michael Giacchino will return to compose the score, in November 2016, it was confirmed that Holly Hunter was returning to voice Helen Parr / Elastigirl. On December 15th 2016, Samuel L. Jackson posted a photo on his Facebook page that he had begun recording for the film, on February 22,2017, The Incredibles 2 was announced to be given an IMAX release as part of Disneys new distribution deal with them. The Incredibles 2 at the Internet Movie Database
39.
Mace Windu
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Mace Windu is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise, portrayed by actor Samuel L. Jackson in the prequel films and voiced by voice-actor Terrence C. Carson in other projects. Several early incarnations of the character have been developed in the original Star Wars drafts as the narrator, Princess Leias brother and Luke Skywalkers friend. Through the process of redrafting and copyediting, his character was removed from the trilogy but was reintroduced in 1994 when series creator George Lucas began writing the prequel trilogy. As the prequel trilogy would call for Windus death, one of Jacksons conditions for portraying the character was that Windu be given a death scene rather than be killed off ingloriously. Introduced in Star Wars, Episode I – The Phantom Menace, in Star Wars, Episode II – Attack of the Clones, Windu initially refuses to believe that the assassination attempt on Padme Amidala on Coruscant was authorized by former Jedi master Count Dooku. Having learned of Obi-Wans whereabouts on Geonosis, Windu arrives to save Obi-Wan, Padme and Anakin from their sentence in the stadium. With his fellow Jedi and the army for the Galactic Republic attacking the planet. In Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Windu and their suspicions only grow when the Senate grants Palpatine a vote on the Jedi Council by appointing Anakin a personal representative. While they grant him a seat, the Council declines Anakin the rank of Jedi Master, after Obi-Wan kills General Grievous, Anakin informs Windu of Palpatines true identity as the Sith Lord Darth Sidious. Acting swiftly on this revelation, Windu and three other Jedi Masters attempt to arrest him, but Palpatine mercilessly kills Windus companions and fights the Jedi Master. Windu subdues Palpatine by knocking away his lightsaber and deflecting the Sith Lords Force lightning back into his face just as Anakin arrives. Over Anakins objections not to kill Palpatine, Windu assures him that Palpatine has control of both the Senate and the courts and that he must be killed, however, Anakin intervenes on Palpatines behalf, severing Windus lightsaber arm and leaving him helpless. Palpatine then uses his Force lightning to send Windu plummeting to his death, in his fourth film appearance, in the animated film Star Wars, The Clone Wars, Mace Windu has a supporting role. In Star Wars, The Clone Wars, Mace Windu has a supporting role. Windu appears extensively in the Star Wars Legends of novels and comic books. Mace Windu is a character in Genndy Tartakovskys Star Wars, Clone Wars micro-series. The characters likeness in the series is based on that in The Phantom Menace, in final chapters, he and fellow Jedi Master Yoda help defend the planet Coruscant from an attack by General Grievous. In the midst of the battle, he realizes that the attack is a ruse to distract the Jedi from Grievouss true objective, to kidnap Palpatine. The novel establishes that Windu has the talent of seeing shatterpoints, or faultlines in the Force that could affect the destinies of certain individuals
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Star Wars: The Clone Wars (film)
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The film is set during the three-year time period between the films Star Wars, Episode II – Attack of the Clones and Star Wars, Episode III – Revenge of the Sith. The Clone Wars served as an introduction to the series of the same name. The film received reviews from critics, and grossed $68.3 million worldwide against an $8.5 million budget. During the Clone Wars, Jedi Knights Anakin Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi lead a small Republic clone army against the Separatist droid army on the planet Christophsis. Awaiting reinforcements, the two Jedi greet a shuttle carrying the young Jedi Ahsoka Tano, who insists that she has been assigned by Jedi Master Yoda to serve as Anakins Padawan. Anakin begrudgingly accepts Ahsokas apprenticeship, and the two succeed in deactivating the Separatists energy field while Obi-Wan stalls the droid army commander, allowing a Republic victory, following the battle, Yoda arrives and informs the Jedi that crime lord Jabba the Hutts son Rotta has been kidnapped. Anakin and Ahsoka are tasked with retrieving the Huttlet, while Obi-Wan is sent to Tatooine to negotiate with Jabba over a treaty between the Hutts and the Republic. The Jedi manage to escape the trap along with R2-D2 and hijack a transport with which they travel to Tatooine. Obi-Wan, alerted by Anakin, arrives on Teth and defeats Ventress in a lightsaber duel, meanwhile, Senator Padmé Amidala, Anakins secret wife, learns of Anakins mission and fears for his safety. She decides to contact Jabbas uncle Ziro in Coruscant, the Hutt refuses to cooperate, apparently believing that it is the Jedi who are responsible for the situation. Padmé is discovered and detained, but a call by C-3PO enables her to summon a squadron of clone troopers. Upon their arrival on Tatooine, Anakin and Ahsoka are shot down by MagnaGuards, Anakin devises a ruse to confront Dooku while carrying a decoy Rotta, leaving Ahsoka to take the real Rotta to Jabbas palace. While Anakin fights off Dooku, Ahsoka is ambushed by the MagnaGuards, the two deliver Rotta safely to Jabba, who nonetheless orders the Jedis execution for their supposed attempt to kidnap him. However, Padmé contacts Jabba in time and reveals Ziro and the Separatists responsibility for the kidnapping, acknowledging the Jedis heroism and allowing the Republic to have Ziro punished for his betrayal, Jabba agrees to the Republic treaty while Anakin and Ahsoka are retrieved by Obi-Wan and Yoda. George Lucas had the idea for a film after viewing some of the footage of the early episodes on the big screen. Those first few episodes, originally planned for release on television, were woven together to form the theatrical release. The story of the kidnapped Hutt was inspired by the Sonny Chiba samurai film titled Shogun’s Shadow, Lucas described the film was almost an afterthought. Howard Roffman, president of Lucas Licensing, said of the decision, Lucasfilm and Lucasfilm Animation used Autodesk software to animate both the film and the series using the Maya 3D modeling program to create highly detailed worlds, characters and creatures
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Anime
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Anime is Japanese hand-drawn or computer animation. The word is the pronunciation of animation in Japanese, where this term references all animation. Arguably, the abstract approach to the words meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan. For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product, some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism. The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has continued to increase steadily. Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media and it is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences. Anime is an art form with distinctive production methods and techniques that have been adapted over time in response to emergent technologies. It consists of an ideal story-telling mechanism, combining art, characterization, cinematography. The production of anime focuses less on the animation of movement and more on the realism of settings as well as the use of effects, including panning, zooming. Being hand-drawn, anime is separated from reality by a gap of fiction that provides an ideal path for escapism that audiences can immerse themselves into with relative ease. Diverse art styles are used and character proportions and features can be quite varied, the anime industry consists of over 430 production studios, including major names like Studio Ghibli, Gainax, and Toei Animation. Despite comprising only a fraction of Japans domestic film market, anime makes up a majority of Japanese DVD sales and it has also seen international success after the rise of English-dubbed programming. This rise in popularity has resulted in non-Japanese productions using the anime art style. Anime is an art form, specifically animation, that all genres found in cinema. In Japanese, the term refers to all forms of animation from around the world. In English, anime is more used to denote a Japanese-style animated film or television entertainment or as a style of animation created in Japan. The etymology of the anime is disputed. The English term animation is written in Japanese katakana as アニメーション and is アニメ in its shortened form, in English, anime—when used as a common noun—normally functions as a mass noun
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Afro Samurai
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Afro Samurai, also written AFRO SAMURAI, is a Japanese seinen dōjinshi manga series written and illustrated by manga artist Takashi Okazaki. It was originally serialized irregularly in the avant-garde dōjinshi manga magazine Nou Nou Hau from September 1999 to May 2000, as an adult, Afro sets off to kill Justice and avenge his father. After the release of the series, Okazaki remade the original Afro Samurai dōjinshi into a two-volume manga. To be only released in North America, Tor Books and Seven Seas Entertainment licensed the title, in addition to the success of the anime series, Afro Samurai has also been adapted into a video game and an upcoming live-action feature film. For the TV series and the film, two soundtracks by the RZA of Wu-Tang Clan have been released as well as a book in Japan. In a feudal yet futuristic Japan, it is said that the one who wields the Number 1 headband is the fiercest fighter in the world, the only way to obtain the Number 1 headband is to challenge and defeat the current wearer in combat. However, only the Number 2 can challenge the Number 1 whereas anyone can challenge the Number 2, thus, whoever wears the Number 2 headband risks constant attack. Justice, owner of the Number 2 headband, fights and kills Rokutaro, Afro Samurai witnesses the fight and vows revenge against Justice, who tells him to seek him out when he is ready to face a god. Years later, Afro is the Number 2 master swordsman and he kills the Empty Seven Clan and various assassins, recalls his past memory and goes to Mount Shumi. He also confronts his vengeful childhood friend Jinno, Afro discovers that there are other headbands in existence, ranging to an unspecified higher number and sees that the corpses of those who wore them are skewered throughout Justices safe house. Afro kills Justice and takes the Number 1 headband, and all of the headbands disappear, Afro returns and lives in the mountains to confront Jinno, who is adorned with every headband in existence and seeking revenge. However, the changes in Afro Samurai, Resurrection, when Jinno takes Rokutaros corpse, while Jinnos sister Sio takes the Number 1 headband. After taking the headband from Shichigoro, Afro confronts the resurrected Rokutaro, Afro defeats Rokutaro, gives the Number 2 headband to Kotaro and continues to wear the Number 1. Takashi Okazaki started drawing African-American characters on items like Kleenex boxes when he was a teenager, inspired by his fondness for hip hop and he also drew ideas from American media and their depiction of Japanese culture. Okazaki began writing the original dōjinshi, then called Afro Samurai, when he and his friends started independently publishing the art magazine Nou Nou Hau. The preparatory issue 0 of Nou Nou Hau was released in November 1998 with Afro Samurai artwork featured on the cover, Takashi Okazaki wrote the entire manga in the English direction, with elements from English and Japanese comics. He also used Afro Samurai for a cat food advertisement in the last pages of his manga book, in addition to the anime production, Okazaki re-made the dōjinshi, with much better art skills. At the Japan Society from March 13 to June 14,2009, the Delirious World of Anime + Manga + Video Games exhibition
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Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
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Grand Theft Auto, San Andreas is an open world action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on 26 October 2004 for the PlayStation 2, a high definition remaster received a physical release on both the Xbox 360 and the PlayStation 3 on 30 June 2015 and 1 December 2015, respectively. It is the title in the Grand Theft Auto series. It was released on the day as the handheld game Grand Theft Auto Advance. Grand Theft Auto, San Andreas is played from a perspective in an open world environment. The game is set within the fictional U. S. state of San Andreas, the state of San Andreas consists of three metropolitan cities, Los Santos, based on Los Angeles, San Fierro, based on San Francisco, and Las Venturas, based on Las Vegas. The single-player story follows Carl CJ Johnson, who returns home to Los Santos from Liberty City after his mothers murder. It became the video game of 2004, and has sold over 27.5 million copies worldwide as of 2011. The game, like its predecessors, is cited as a landmark in video games for its influence within the industry. However, the violence and sexual content of San Andreas has been the source of public concern. In particular, a software patch, dubbed the Hot Coffee mod. The next main entry in the series, Grand Theft Auto IV, was released on 29 April 2008, San Andreas has been ported to various other platforms and services, such as OS X, Xbox Live, PlayStation Network and mobile devices. San Andreas is structured similarly to the two games in the series. The core gameplay consists of elements of a shooter and a driving game, affording the player a large. On foot, the character is capable of walking, running, sprinting, swimming, climbing and jumping as well as using weapons. Players can drive a variety of vehicles, including automobiles, buses, semis, boats, fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, trains, tanks, players may also import vehicles in addition to stealing them. The open, non-linear environment allows players to explore and choose how they wish to play the game, although storyline missions are necessary to progress through the game and unlock certain cities and content, they are not required as players can complete them at their own leisure. When not taking on a mission, players can free-roam and look around the cities of San Andreas, eat in restaurants, or cause havoc by attacking people
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Given name
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A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
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Chattanooga, Tennessee
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Chattanooga is a city in the U. S. state of Tennessee, with a population of 176,588 in 2015. The fourth-largest Tennessee city, it is the seat of Hamilton County, located in southeastern Tennessee in East Tennessee, on the Tennessee River, served by multiple railroads and Interstate highways, Chattanooga is a transit hub. The city, with elevation of approximately 680 feet, lies at the transition between the ridge-and-valley portion of the Appalachian Mountains and the Cumberland Plateau. Surrounded by mountains and ridges, the nickname for Chattanooga is the Scenic City. Unofficial nicknames include River City, Chatt, Nooga, Chattown, Chattanooga is internationally known for the 1941 song Chattanooga Choo Choo by Glenn Miller and his orchestra. Chattanooga is home to the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga and Chattanooga State Community College, the city has its own typeface, Chatype, which was launched in August 2012. The first inhabitants of the Chattanooga area were Native Americans, sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period showed continuous occupation through the Archaic, Woodland, Mississippian/Muskogean/Yuchi, and Cherokee. The Chickamauga Mound near the mouth of the Chickamauga Creek is the oldest remaining visible art in Chattanooga, the Citico town and mound site was the most significant Mississippian/Muscogee landmark in Chattanooga up to 1915. The first part of the name Chattanooga derives from the Muskogean word cvto /chắtȯ/ – rock, the latter may be derived from a regional suffix -nuga meaning dwelling or dwelling place. In 1816 John Ross, who later became Principal Chief, established Rosss Landing, located along what is now Broad Street, it became one of the centers of Cherokee Nation settlement, which also extended into Georgia and Alabama. Their journey west became known as the Trail of Tears for their exile, the US Army used Rosss Landing as the site of one of three large internment camps, or emigration depots, where Native Americans were held prior to the journey on the Trail of Tears. One of the internment camps was located in Fort Payne, Alabama, in 1839, the community of Rosss Landing incorporated as the city of Chattanooga. The city grew quickly, initially benefiting from a location well-suited for river commerce, with the arrival of the railroad in 1850, Chattanooga became a boom town. During the American Civil War, Chattanooga was a center of battle, during the Chickamauga Campaign, Union artillery bombarded Chattanooga as a diversion and occupied it on September 9,1863. Following the Battle of Chickamauga, the defeated Union Army retreated to safety in Chattanooga, the next day, the Battle of Lookout Mountain was fought, driving the Confederates off the mountain. On November 25, Grants army routed the Confederates in the Battle of Missionary Ridge and these battles were followed the next spring by the Atlanta Campaign, beginning just over the nearby state line in Georgia and moving southeastward. After the war ended, the city became a railroad hub and industrial. The largest flood in Chattanoogas history occurred in 1867, before the Tennessee Valley Authority system was created in 1933 by Congress, the flood crested at 58 feet and completely inundated the city
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Kansas City, Missouri
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Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri and the sixth largest city in the Midwest. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the city had an population of 475,378 in 2015. It is the city of the Kansas City metropolitan area. Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west, on June 1,1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated, shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory. Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to them soon thereafter. Most of the city lies within Jackson County, but portions spill into Clay, Cass, along with Independence, it serves as one of the two county seats for Jackson County. Major suburbs include the Missouri cities of Independence and Lees Summit and the Kansas cities of Overland Park, Olathe, and Kansas City. The city is composed of neighborhoods, including the River Market District in the north, the 18th and Vine District in the east. Kansas City is also known for its cuisine, its craft breweries, Kansas City, Missouri was officially incorporated as a town on June 1,1850, and as a city on March 28,1853. The territory straddling the border between Missouri and Kansas at the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers was considered a place to build settlements. The Antioch Christian Church, Dr. James Compton House, the first documented European visitor to Kansas City was Étienne de Veniard, Sieur de Bourgmont, who was also the first European to explore the lower Missouri River. Criticized for his response to the Native American attack on Fort Détroit, Bourgmont lived with a Native American wife in a village about 90 miles east near Brunswick, Missouri, where he illegally traded furs. In the documents, he describes the junction of the Grande Riv des Cansez and Missouri River, French cartographer Guillaume Delisle used the descriptions to make the areas first reasonably accurate map. The Spanish took over the region in the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the French continued their fur trade under Spanish license. After the 1804 Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark visited the confluence of the Kansas and Missouri rivers, in 1831, a group of Mormons from New York settled in what would become the city. They built the first school within Kansas Citys current boundaries, but were forced out by mob violence in 1833, in 1833 John McCoy established West Port along the Santa Fe Trail,3 miles away from the river. In 1834 McCoy established Westport Landing on a bend in the Missouri to serve as a point for West Port. Soon after, the Kansas Town Company, a group of investors, began to settle the area, in 1850, the landing area was incorporated as the Town of Kansas
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Mental institution
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Psychiatric hospitals vary widely in their size and grading. Some hospitals may specialize only in short-term or outpatient therapy for low-risk patients, others may specialize in the temporary or permanent care of residents who, as a result of a psychological disorder, require routine assistance, treatment, or a specialized and controlled environment. Patients are often admitted on a basis, but people whom psychiatrists believe may pose a significant danger to themselves or others may be subject to involuntary commitment. Psychiatric hospitals may also be referred to as psychiatric wards when they are a subunit of a regular hospital, modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from, and eventually replaced the older lunatic asylums. The treatment of inmates in early lunatic asylums was sometimes brutal, a crisis stabilization unit is in effect an emergency room for psychiatry, frequently dealing with suicidal, violent, or otherwise critical individuals. Open units are units that are not as secure as crisis stabilization units. Another type of hospital is medium term, which provides care lasting several weeks. In the United Kingdom, both admissions and medium term care is usually provided on acute admissions wards. Juvenile or adolescent wards are sections of psychiatric hospitals or psychiatric wards set aside for children or adolescents with mental illness, long-term care facilities have the goal of treatment and rehabilitation back into society within a short time-frame. Another institution for the mentally ill is a halfway house. Modern psychiatric hospitals evolved from, and eventually replaced the older lunatic asylums, the development of the modern psychiatric hospital is also the story of the rise of organized, institutional psychiatry. It greatly differed from the view in which the insane were viewed as under the influence of the Devil therefore needing to be isolated from society. The first psychiatric hospital was built by the Muslims in Baghdad in 705 AD, others would rapidly follow, with some of the more famous ones being built in Cairo in 800 AD and in Damascus in 1270 AD. The physicians of the Islamic world would invent and use a variety of treatments, including occupational therapy, music therapy, as well as medication. Western Europe would adopt these views later on with the advances of physicians like Philippe Pinel at the Bicêtre Hospital in France and they advocated the viewing of mental illness as a disorder that required compassionate treatment that would aid in the rehabilitation of the victim. The arrival in the Western world of institutionalisation as a solution to the problem of madness was very much an event of the nineteenth century, nine counties first applied, the first public asylum opening in 1812 in Nottinghamshire. In 1828, the newly appointed Commissioners in Lunacy were empowered to license and supervise private asylums, the Lunacy Act 1845 made the construction of asylums in every country compulsory with regular inspections on behalf of the Home Secretary. The Act required asylums to have written regulations and to have a resident physician, at the beginning of the nineteenth century there were a few thousand sick people housed in a variety of disparate institutions throughout England, but by 1900 that figure had grown to about 100,000
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