1.
Newspaper
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A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, the journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print, the online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news, typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings. Papers also include articles which have no byline, these articles are written by staff writers, a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. As of 2017, newspapers may also provide information about new movies, most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded, their reliance on advertising revenue, the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high quality. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world, circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day. Worldwide annual revenue approached $100 billion in 2005-7, then plunged during the financial crisis of 2008-9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal. Besides remodeling advertising, the internet has also challenged the business models of the era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general and, more specifically, journalism. In addition, the rise of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from online newspapers. Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects, the oldest newspaper still published is the Gazzetta di Mantova, which was established in Mantua in 1664. While online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with Internet access, literacy is also a factor which prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers. Periodicity, They are published at intervals, typically daily or weekly. This ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly-emerging news stories or events, currency, Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows
Newspaper
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Front page of
The New York Times on
Armistice Day, 11 November 1918.
Newspaper
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Journalism
Newspaper
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Title page of Carolus'
Relation from 1609, the earliest newspaper
Newspaper
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Diario de Pernambuco, founded in November 1825 is the second oldest circulating newspaper in South America, after
El Peruano, founded in October of that same year.
2.
Broadsheet
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A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages. The term derives from types of popular prints usually just of a sheet, sold on the streets and containing various types of material. The first broadsheet newspaper was the Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid/compact formats. Many broadsheets measure approximately 29 1⁄2 by 23 1⁄2 inches per full broadsheet spread, australian and New Zealand broadsheets always have a paper size of A1 per spread. South African broadsheet newspapers have a spread sheet size of 820 by 578 mm or 32.3 by 22.8 in. Others measure 22 inches or 560 millimetres vertically, in the United States, the traditional dimensions for the front page half of a broadsheet are 15 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long. However, in efforts to save newsprint costs many U. S. newspapers have downsized to 12 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long for a folded page. Many rate cards and specification cards refer to the size with dimensions representing the front page half of a broadsheet size, rather than the full. Some quote actual page size and others quote the area size. The two versions of the broadsheet are, Full broadsheet – The full broadsheet typically is folded vertically in half so that it forms four pages, the four pages are called a spread. Half broadsheet – The half broadsheet is usually a page that is not folded vertically and just includes a front. In uncommon instances, an entire newspaper can be a two-page half broadsheet or four-page full broadsheet, totally self-contained advertising circulars inserted in a newspaper in the same format are referred to as broadsheets. Broadsheets typically are also folded horizontally in half to accommodate newsstand display space, the horizontal fold however does not affect the page numbers and the content remains vertical. The most important newspaper stories are placed above the fold and this contrasts with tabloids which typically do not have a horizontal fold. The broadsheet has since emerged as the most popular format for the dissemination of printed news, historically, broadsheets developed after the British in 1712 placed a tax on newspapers based on the number of their pages. The original purpose of the broadsheet, or broadside, was for the purpose of posting royal proclamations, acts, eventually the people began using the broadsheet as a source for political activism by reprinting speeches, ballads or narrative songs originally performed by bards. With the early mechanization of the 19th century came an increase in production of printed materials including the broadside as well as the penny dreadful. In this period all over Europe began to print their issues on broadsheets
Broadsheet
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A broadsheet newspaper
Broadsheet
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Comparison of some newspaper sizes with metric paper sizes. Approximate nominal dimensions are in millimetres.
3.
Hearst Corporation
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Hearst Communications, often referred to as simply Hearst, is an American mass media and business information conglomerate. The Hearst company is based in the Hearst Tower in Midtown Manhattan and it was founded by William Randolph Hearst as an owner of newspapers, and the Hearst family remains involved in its ownership and management. Under William Randolph Hearsts will, a board of thirteen trustees administers the Hearst Foundation, the William Randolph Hearst Foundation. The foundations shared ownership until tax law changed to prevent this, Frank A. Bennack Jr. former chief executive officer and executive vice chairman of the corporation John G. Conomikes, former executive of the corporation Gilbert C. In 1880, George Hearst, mining entrepreneur, American publisher, on March 4,1887, he turned the Examiner over to his son, 23-year-old William Randolph Hearst. He pushed his staff to write exciting stories, and wrote editorials worded with force. Within a few years, the new Examiner was a success, in 1895, Hearst purchased the New York Journal, laying the foundation for one of the major newspaper dynasties in American history. He established Hearsts Chicago American in 1900, renamed the morning edition of the New York Journal as the New York American in 1901, the Los Angeles Examiner was launched in 1903 followed by the Boston American one year later. Hearst experimented with every aspect of publishing, from page layouts to editorial crusades. His newspapers introduced innovations such as presses, halftone photographs on newsprint, comic sections printed in color. Stories by Hearst correspondents from around the world were sold to newspapers, giving rise to the Hearst International News Service. In 1903, Hearst Magazines was begun with the publication of Motor magazine, within the next 10 years Hearst acquired several popular titles, starting in 1905 with Cosmopolitan and Good Housekeeping in 1911. Also in 1911, Hearst bought a middling monthly magazine called World To-Day, in June 1914, its title was shortened to Hearsts, and it was ultimately retitled Hearsts International in May 1922. In 1953 Hearst Magazines bought Sports Afield magazine which it kept until 1999 when it was sold to Robert E. Petersen, Hearst began producing film feature in the mid-1910s, creating one of the earliest animation studios, the International Film Service. Hearst established Cosmopolitan Pictures in the 1920s, distributing his films under the newly created Metro Goldwyn Mayer, in 1929, Hearst and MGM created the Hearst Metrotone newsreels. In order to spare serious cutbacks at San Simeon, Hearst merged Hearsts International magazine with Cosmopolitan effective March 1925, Hearst died in 1951, and the Hearsts International disappeared from the magazine cover altogether in April 1952. In the 1920s and 1930s, Hearst owned the biggest media conglomerate in the world, in 1924 he also merged his Milwaukee operations with the Pfister family, owners of The Milwaukee Sentinel. Hearst owned the evening Wisconsin News while the Pfisters kept the Sentinel adding Hearsts features from the now-folded Telegram, in 1925, Hearst sold the Syracuse Telegram to the owners of the Syracuse Journal, while selling the New York Mirror in 1928
Hearst Corporation
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Hearst Tower, in September 2006
Hearst Corporation
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An ad asking automakers to place ads in Hearst chain, noting their circulation.
Hearst Corporation
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Joseph M. Alioto represented San Francisco businessman and real estate investor Clint Reilly in an antitrust lawsuit against the Hearst Corporation
4.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
San Francisco
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San Francisco and the
Golden Gate Bridge from
Marin Headlands
San Francisco
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Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores)
San Francisco
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1853
United States Coast Survey Map
San Francisco
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Francis Samuel Marryat, Hilltop of San Francisco, California, Looking toward the Bay, 1849. M.& N. Hanhart Chromolithograph
5.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
California
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A forest of redwood trees in
Redwood National Park
California
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Flag
California
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Mount Shasta
California
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Aerial view of the
California Central Valley
6.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
United States
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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764
United States
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Flag
United States
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The signing of the
Mayflower Compact, 1620.
United States
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The
Declaration of Independence: the
Committee of Five presenting their draft to the
Second Continental Congress in 1776
7.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
International Standard Serial Number
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ISSN encoded in an EAN-13 barcode with sequence variant 0 and issue number 5
8.
OCLC
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The Online Computer Library Center is a US-based nonprofit cooperative organization dedicated to the public purposes of furthering access to the worlds information and reducing information costs. It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest online public access catalog in the world. OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries have to pay for its services, the group first met on July 5,1967 on the campus of the Ohio State University to sign the articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization. The group hired Frederick G. Kilgour, a former Yale University medical school librarian, Kilgour wished to merge the latest information storage and retrieval system of the time, the computer, with the oldest, the library. The goal of network and database was to bring libraries together to cooperatively keep track of the worlds information in order to best serve researchers and scholars. The first library to do online cataloging through OCLC was the Alden Library at Ohio University on August 26,1971 and this was the first occurrence of online cataloging by any library worldwide. Membership in OCLC is based on use of services and contribution of data, between 1967 and 1977, OCLC membership was limited to institutions in Ohio, but in 1978, a new governance structure was established that allowed institutions from other states to join. In 2002, the structure was again modified to accommodate participation from outside the United States. As OCLC expanded services in the United States outside of Ohio, it relied on establishing strategic partnerships with networks, organizations that provided training, support, by 2008, there were 15 independent United States regional service providers. OCLC networks played a key role in OCLC governance, with networks electing delegates to serve on OCLC Members Council, in early 2009, OCLC negotiated new contracts with the former networks and opened a centralized support center. OCLC provides bibliographic, abstract and full-text information to anyone, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat—the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest online public access catalog in the world. WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide. org, in October 2005, the OCLC technical staff began a wiki project, WikiD, allowing readers to add commentary and structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record. The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification System when it bought Forest Press in 1988, a browser for books with their Dewey Decimal Classifications was available until July 2013, it was replaced by the Classify Service. S. The reference management service QuestionPoint provides libraries with tools to communicate with users and this around-the-clock reference service is provided by a cooperative of participating global libraries. OCLC has produced cards for members since 1971 with its shared online catalog. OCLC commercially sells software, e. g. CONTENTdm for managing digital collections, OCLC has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years. In accordance with its mission, OCLC makes its research outcomes known through various publications and these publications, including journal articles, reports, newsletters, and presentations, are available through the organizations website. The most recent publications are displayed first, and all archived resources, membership Reports – A number of significant reports on topics ranging from virtual reference in libraries to perceptions about library funding
OCLC
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Fred Kilgour (1st director of OCLC)
OCLC
–
Online Computer Library Center (OCLC)
OCLC
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OCLC headquarters (Ohio)
OCLC
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OCLC offices in Leiden (the Netherlands)
9.
San Francisco Bay Area
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The San Francisco Bay Area is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco and San Pablo estuaries in Northern California. The region encompasses the cities and metropolitan areas of San Jose, San Francisco. The Bay Areas nine counties are Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, and Sonoma. The combined statistical area of the region is the second-largest in California, the fifth-largest in the United States, the Bay Area has the second-most Fortune 500 Companies in the United States, and is known for its natural beauty, liberal politics, entrepreneurship, and diversity. The eastern side of the bay, consisting of Alameda and Contra Costa counties, is known locally as the East Bay, the inner East Bay is more densely populated, with generally older buildings, and a more ethnically diverse population. The word Lamorinda was coined by combining the names of the cities it includes, Lafayette, Moraga, walnut Creek is situated east of Lamorinda and north of the San Ramon Valley and, together with Concord, Martinez, and Pleasant Hill comprises Central Contra Costa County. The cities of Antioch, Pittsburg, Brentwood, Oakley and the areas surrounding them comprise East Contra Costa County. The Tri-Valley consists of the Amador, the Livermore, and the San Ramon Valleys, dublin and Pleasanton comprise the Amador Valley, Livermore lies in the Livermore Valley, and the San Ramon Valley consists of Alamo, Danville, Diablo and its namesake, San Ramon. The outer East Bay is connected to the inner East Bay by BART, Interstate 580 to the south, and State Routes State Route 4 to the north, the outer East Bays infrastructure was mostly built up after World War II. This area remains largely white demographically, although the Hispanic and Filipino populations have grown significantly over the past 2–3 decades, the region north of the Golden Gate Bridge is known locally as the North Bay. This area encompasses Marin County, Sonoma County, Napa County, the city of Fairfield, being part of Solano County, is often considered the easternmost city of the North Bay. With few exceptions, this region is affluent, Marin County is ranked as the wealthiest in the state. The North Bay is relatively rural compared to the remainder of the Bay Area, with areas of undeveloped open space, farmland. Santa Rosa in Sonoma County is the North Bays largest city, with a population of 167,815 and a Metropolitan Statistical Area population of 466,891, making it the fifth-largest city in the Bay Area. The North Bay is the section of the Bay Area that is not currently served by a commuter rail service. The area from San Francisco to the Silicon Valley, geographically part of the San Francisco Peninsula, is known locally as The Peninsula, many of these families are of foreign background and have significantly contributed to the diversity of the area. Whereas the term peninsula technically refers to the entire geographical San Franciscan Peninsula, in local terms, San Francisco is surrounded by water on three sides, the north, east, and west. The city squeezes roughly 870,000 people in under 47 square miles, on any given day, there can be as many as 1 million people in the city because of the commuting population and tourism
San Francisco Bay Area
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San Francisco
San Francisco Bay Area
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San Jose
San Francisco Bay Area
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Oakland
San Francisco Bay Area
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A view of the
San Francisco skyline from the bay.
10.
M. H. de Young
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Michael Henry M. H. de Young was an American journalist and businessman. De Young was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the family was Jewish, and immigrated from the Netherlands and France. He was the son of Cornelia Amelia and Miechel de Young, de Young moved with his family to San Francisco, California while he was still young. He attended and graduated from Heald College, a San Francisco college founded in 1863, in San Francisco, de Young and his brother, Charles de Young, founded the Daily Dramatic Chronicle newspaper, first published on January 16,1865. The Chronicle was the predecessor of the San Francisco Chronicle, San Franciscos only remaining daily broadsheet newspaper, de Young was also the director of the Associated Press for many years. After his death in 1925, his son-in-law George Toland Cameron, became publisher, de Young and his wife Katherine had five children, Charles de Young Helen de Young, who married George T. Spreckels, apparently due to a newspaper article, but survived. M. H. de Young died on February 15,1925, the M. H. de Young Memorial Museum in San Franciscos Golden Gate Park, which originally opened in 1895, is named in his honor. De Young helped develop the gem collection for what became California’s first museum in 1894 and he purchased many things of curious and artistic and instructive value. He is also the great-great-grandfather of actor Max Thieriot
M. H. de Young
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M. H. de Young and the San Francisco Chronicle in 1885
11.
West Coast of the United States
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The West Coast or Pacific Coast is the coastline along which the contiguous Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean. As a region, this term most often refers to the states of California. More specifically, it refers to an area defined on the east by the Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada and Mojave Desert, the U. S. Census groups the five states of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii together as the Pacific States division. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the Census Bureaus Pacific Region was approximately 47.8 million – about 15. 3% of US population. The largest city on the west coast of the United States is Los Angeles, small isolated groups of hunter-gatherers migrated alongside herds of large herbivores far into Alaska. Between 16,500 BCE and 13,500 BCE, ice-free corridors developed along the Pacific coast and valleys of North America, Alaska Natives, indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, and California indigenous peoples eventually descended from the Paleo-Indians. They developed various languages and established trade routes, later, Spanish, British, French, Russian, and American explorers and settlers began colonizing the area. The West Coast of the United States has a climate in its Northern edge towards the Canada–US border. The coastline sees significantly mild temperatures when compared to the areas during summer. In far Northern California there is a difference of 17 °C between Eurekas and Willow Creek in spite of only 25 miles separating the locations and Willow Creek being located at a 500 metres elevation, coastal fog is also prevalent in keeping shoreline temperatures cool. Since the West Coast has been populated by more recently than the East Coast. Additionally, its demographic composition underlies its cultural difference from the rest of the United States. Californias history first as a major Spanish colony, and later Mexican territory, has given the lower West Coast a distinctive Hispanic tone, which it also shares with the rest of the Southwest. Similarly, two of the three cities in which Asian Americans have concentrated, San Francisco and Los Angeles, are located on the West Coast, San Franciscos Chinatown, the oldest in North America, is a vibrant cultural center. The West Coast also has a large share of green cities within the United States. Other writers, like Jean Baudrillard, Mike Davis, and Umberto Eco, have made related statements on Californian culture, in the Northwest, Portland and Seattle are both considered among the coffee capitals of the world. While Starbucks originated in Seattle, both towns are known for coffee roasters and independent coffeeshops. In the Pacific Northwest at large, which includes the Canadian west coast, the culture has significantly shaped by the environment, especially by its forests, mountains
West Coast of the United States
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The states shown in dark red are included in the term West Coast or Pacific Coast.
12.
Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences
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The Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences is a 312-foot luxury residential skyscraper in the Financial District of San Francisco, California. The residences are built atop the historic Old Chronicle Building, sometimes called the de Young Building, in 1888, M. H. de Young, owner of the San Francisco Chronicle, commissioned Burnham and Root to design a signature building to house his newspaper. Finished in 1890, the Chronicle Building stood ten stories, with a tower reaching 218 feet in height, becoming San Franciscos first skyscraper. In 1905, a celebration of the re-election of Mayor Eugene Schmitz stopped in front of the building and launched fireworks, the damaged clock tower was removed and de Young added two additional floors along Market Street and a 16-story annex along Kearny Street. The Chronicle Building survived the 1906 San Francisco earthquake but was damaged by the ensuing fire. The building was rebuilt by architect Willis Polk, who ran the San Francisco office of Burnham, in 1962, in an effort to modernize the building, its owners covered the original masonry facade with a new facade of aluminum, glass, and porcelain paneling. By 2004, new owners received approval to restore the facade, convert the building to residential use. The Old Chronicle Building was designated San Francisco Landmark No.243 in 2004, the building re-opened as the Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences in November 2007. San Franciscos tallest buildings List of early skyscrapers Official website
Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences
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Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences
Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences
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Old Chronicle Building in 1901
Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences
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The Old Chronicle Building after the 1906 earthquake and fire
Ritz-Carlton Club and Residences
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Entrance to the Old Chronicle Building (left) and the
Palace Hotel, ca. 1915
13.
Burnham and Root
–
Burnham and Root was one of Chicagos most famous architectural companies of the nineteenth century. It was established by John Wellborn Root and Daniel Hudson Burnham, during their eighteen years of partnership, Burnham and Root designed and built residential and commercial buildings. Their success was crowned with the coordination of the Worlds Columbian Exposition in 1893, the two men met when they worked as apprentice draftsmen in the offices of Drake, Carter, and Wight in 1872. A year later established their own architecture office and began work by building private residences for the wealthy elite of Chicagos meat industry. Both of them married into wealthy families which allowed them to establish a basis for their business, Daniel Hudson Burnham was one of the handsomest men I ever saw, said Paul Starrett who joined Burnham and Root in 1888. It was easy to see how he got commissions and his very bearing and looks were half the battle. While Burnham was the designer and impressive salesperson, Root became the creative genius of the company. When Burnham and Root were together, one woman said I used always to think of big strong tree with lightning playing around it. Louis Sullivan, the architect, called Burnham a colossal merchandiser obsessed with building the biggest and costliest structures of the city. The most significant buildings designed by Burnham and Root were built in the late 1880s and that is when Roots designs actually paved the way for modern day skyscrapers. Until then, buildings relied on exterior masonry for support limiting their height to 12 stories, the invention of steel support beams gave him the possibility to build higher and to add more windows. The Rand McNally Building, completed in 1890, was the first ever steel-framed skyscraper in the world, another characteristic of his designs that revolutionized modern architecture is his invention of the urban office block floor plan as we know it. As commissions multiplied, Burnham and Root had the opportunity to experiment and refine their style to create, such buildings as the Great Northern hotel, the Argyle and the Pickwick demonstrate Roots singular style. Hence, the greatest architects of the time were invited to participate in the design of the Worlds Columbian Exposition, Root died in 1891, leaving his greatest project incomplete. Daniel Burnham, despite only having experience and no formal training in the field of architecture, was then given the responsibility to finish coordinating the fair. When it opened for six months, from June to November 1893, the Exposition was home to many innovations, among which the first Ferris wheel, which was the result of a challenge set out by Burnham to design a structure of comparable ingenuity and novelty. Following his success and the loss of his business partner, Burnham continued to operate under the name D. H. Burnham and Co. The projects begun by Root were completed, including the Masonic Temple in 1892 and it is then that Burnhams architectural talent became the driving force of the business, resulting in such iconic buildings such as the Flatiron Building in New York City
Burnham and Root
–
Rookery Building, 1891
Burnham and Root
–
Daniel Burnham (1846–1912)
14.
Gothic Revival architecture
–
Gothic Revival is an architectural movement that began in the late 1740s in England. Gothic Revival draws features from the original Gothic style, including decorative patterns, finials, scalloping, lancet windows, hood mouldings, the Gothic Revival movement emerged in 19th-century England. Its roots were intertwined with deeply philosophical movements associated with a re-awakening of High Church or Anglo-Catholic belief concerned by the growth of religious nonconformism, ultimately, the Anglo-Catholicism tradition of religious belief and style became widespread for its intrinsic appeal in the third quarter of the 19th century. The Gothic Revival was paralleled and supported by medievalism, which had its roots in antiquarian concerns with survivals, as industrialisation progressed, a reaction against machine production and the appearance of factories also grew. Proponents of the such as Thomas Carlyle and Augustus Pugin took a critical view of industrial society. To Pugin, Gothic architecture was infused with the Christian values that had been supplanted by classicism and were being destroyed by industrialisation, poems such as Idylls of the King by Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson recast specifically modern themes in medieval settings of Arthurian romance. In German literature, the Gothic Revival also had a grounding in literary fashions, guarino Guarini, a 17th-century Theatine monk active primarily in Turin, recognized the Gothic order as one of the primary systems of architecture and made use of it in his practice. Some of the earliest evidence of a revival in Gothic architecture is from Scotland, inveraray Castle, constructed from 1746, with design input from William Adam, displays the incorporation of turrets. These were largely conventional Palladian style houses that incorporated some features of the Scots baronial style. The eccentric landscape designer Batty Langley even attempted to improve Gothic forms by giving them classical proportions, a younger generation, taking Gothic architecture more seriously, provided the readership for J. Brittens series of Cathedral Antiquities, which began appearing in 1814. In 1817, Thomas Rickman wrote an Attempt. to name and define the sequence of Gothic styles in English ecclesiastical architecture, the categories he used were Norman, Early English, Decorated, and Perpendicular. It went through numerous editions and was still being republished by 1881. The largest and most famous Gothic cathedrals in the U. S. A. are St. Patricks Cathedral in New York City and Washington National Cathedral on Mount St. Alban in northwest Washington, D. C. One of the biggest churches in Gothic Revival style in Canada is Basilica of Our Lady Immaculate in Ontario, Gothic Revival architecture was to remain one of the most popular and long-lived of the Gothic Revival styles of architecture. The revived Gothic style was not limited to architecture, classical Gothic buildings of the 12th to 16th Centuries were a source of inspiration to 19th-century designers in numerous fields of work. Architectural elements such as pointed arches, steep-sloping roofs and fancy carvings like lace ant lattice work were applied to a range of Gothic Revival objects. Sir Walter Scotts Abbotsford exemplifies in its furnishings the Regency Gothic style, parties in medieval historical dress and entertainment were popular among the wealthy in the 1800s but has spread in the late 20th century to the well-educated middle class as well. By the mid-19th century, Gothic traceries and niches could be inexpensively re-created in wallpaper, the illustrated catalogue for the Great Exhibition of 1851 is replete with Gothic detail, from lacemaking and carpet designs to heavy machinery
Gothic Revival architecture
–
Notable Gothic Revival edifices: top:
Palace of Westminster, London; left:
Cathedral of Learning,
Pittsburgh; right:
Sint-Petrus-en-Pauluskerk,
Ostend
Gothic Revival architecture
–
The unifying style of
Parliament Hill,
Ottawa, is Gothic Revival
Gothic Revival architecture
–
Sacred Heart Church,
Kőszeg, Hungary
Gothic Revival architecture
–
Imitation fan-vaulting in the Gothick Long Gallery at
Horace Walpole 's
Strawberry Hill
15.
World War II
–
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
World War II
–
Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the
Battle of Wanjialing, Australian
25-pounder guns during the
First Battle of El Alamein, German
Stuka dive bombers on the
Eastern Front in December 1943, a U.S. naval force in the
Lingayen Gulf,
Wilhelm Keitel signing the
German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the
Battle of Stalingrad
World War II
–
The
League of Nations assembly, held in
Geneva,
Switzerland, 1930
World War II
–
Adolf Hitler at a German
National Socialist political rally in
Weimar, October 1930
World War II
–
Italian soldiers recruited in 1935, on their way to fight the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
16.
Pierre Salinger
–
Pierre Emil George Salinger was an American politician, author and journalist. He served as the White House Press Secretary to U. S. Presidents John F. Kennedy, Salinger served as a United States Senator in 1964 and was campaign manager for the 1968 Robert F. Kennedy presidential campaign. Salinger was born in San Francisco, California and his father, Herbert Salinger, was a New York City-born mining engineer, and his mother, Jehanne, was a French-born journalist. Salingers mother was Catholic and his father was Jewish and his maternal grandfather was Pierre Biétry, a member of the French National Assembly, who became known for his vigorous defense of Capt. Alfred Dreyfus, who was wrongly convicted of treason in 1894. His defense of Dreyfus was so impassioned at times during the trial that the Assembly had to be shut down for the day, after the evidence and court found Dreyfus innocent and he was released from life-imprisonment on Devils Island, Dreyfus became a symbol of injustice and right-wing repression. Bietry died in Indochina at the age of thirty-nine, Salinger was considered a child prodigy in music who played on a grand piano even before he learned to read. When they discovered his talent at the piano, after they had moved to Canada, his parents enrolled him in the Toronto Conservatory of Music. He recalls, Each weekday, a tutor came to the house for three hours of instruction, and when she left, I was free to practice the piano for four or five hours. He gave his first public concert when he was six, and was considered a concert pianist and he continued studying piano after they returned to San Francisco where by that time he was able play scores by Bach, Debussy, Beethoven and George Gershwin, whom he once met. But when he was twelve, his mother told him that his piano studies was isolating him from society. She suggested he spend a year away from piano to engage in social activities. He did, but never returned to his goal of becoming a pianist. President Lyndon B. Johnson once had Salinger perform on the piano to 600 of his guests. If Jackie Kennedy was the one who thought maybe America was ready for a culture, her ally in it or her agent was Pierre, said Richard Reeves, author of President Kennedy. Salinger attended public magnet Lowell High School in San Francico, at sixteen, he later went to San Francisco State University from 1941 to 1943, during which time he became managing editor and columnist for the student newspaper. He left SF State to enlist in the United States Navy in July 1943 and he distinguished himself during Typhoon Louise in Okinawa by making a daring rescue of some men stranded on a reef. For this act he received the Navy and Marine Corps medal, after serving with the United States Navy to Lieutenant, junior grade during World War II, Salinger finished his studies at the University of San Francisco, earning a BS in 1947. Salinger then began his career as a reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle
Pierre Salinger
–
Pierre Salinger in 1970
17.
Paul Avery
–
Paul Avery was an American journalist, best known for his reporting on the serial killer known as the Zodiac, and later for his work on the Patricia Hearst kidnapping. Avery was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, the son of Howard Malcom Avery, a U. S. Navy officer and pilot and he was raised and educated in Honolulu, Oakland, California, and Washington, D. C. He was 23 years old at the time, Avery joined the San Francisco Chronicle in 1959. In the 2nd half of the 1960s, Avery took a leave of absence from the Chronicle, in Saigon, Avery co-founded Empire News, a freelance photojournalism organization. He expanded Empire News, opening a branch in Hong Kong, before returning to San Francisco, Avery reported on the Zodiac case, a series of killings—unsolved to this day—that began in December 1968 and ostensibly ended with the death of a San Francisco cab driver in October 1969. At the time, Avery was a reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle. For a long time, it was thought that the Zodiacs activities were limited to the Bay Area, the Zodiac soon wrote Avery a Halloween card, warning, You are doomed. The front of the read, From your secret pal. Then inside, But why spoil the game and it was at this time that Avery began carrying a.38 caliber revolver. Avery covered the Hearst case until the newspaper heiress-turned-bank robber was arrested in September 1975, Avery then holed up on his houseboat at Gate 5 in Sausalito with Boston writer Vin McLellan to write The Voices of Guns, a book on the SLA and the Hearst kidnapping. Despite his progressive illness with emphysema, Avery continued working in crime, after joining The Sacramento Bee in 1976, he discovered that authorities had wrongly charged an innocent man with murder, and was instrumental in convincing detectives to drop the charges. While covering the war in Vietnam, Avery suffered a fracture when a falling tree limb knocked him from atop an armored personnel carrier. Avery died of emphysema in West Sound, Washington on December 10,2000. Averys family scattered his ashes in the San Francisco Bay the following June, at the time of his death, Avery was married to Margo St. James, a feminist organizer and founder of the sex workers rights group COYOTE. He has two daughters from a marriage, Charlé Avery and Cristin Avery. He has a daughter, Janet Anderson. Avery was portrayed by Robert Downey, Jr. in the 2007 film Zodiac, in 2010, his former colleague Lance Williams wrote that the movie portrayed Avery as ruined by the Zodiac. Transcription of Paul Averys 1970 Zodiac article
Paul Avery
–
Investigators
18.
Zodiac Killer
–
The Zodiac Killer was a serial killer who operated in northern California in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The Zodiac murdered victims in Benicia, Vallejo, Lake Berryessa, four men and three women between the ages of 16 and 29 were targeted. The killer originated the name Zodiac in a series of taunting letters sent to the local Bay Area press, of the four cryptograms sent, only one has been definitively solved. Suspects have been named by law enforcement and amateur investigators, the San Francisco Police Department marked the case inactive in April 2004, but re-opened it at some point prior to March 2007. The case also remains open in the city of Vallejo, as well as in Napa County, the California Department of Justice has maintained an open case file on the Zodiac murders since 1969. Although the Zodiac claimed 37 murders in letters to the newspapers, investigators agree on only seven confirmed victims, two of whom survived. They are, David Arthur Faraday,17, and Betty Lou Jensen,16, shot and killed on December 20,1968, on Lake Herman Road, within the city limits of Benicia. Coordinates, 38°5′41. 61″N 122°8′38. 24″W Michael Renault Mageau,19, while Mageau survived the attack, Ferrin was pronounced dead on arrival at Kaiser Foundation Hospital. Coordinates, 38°7′33. 56″N 122°11′27. 94″W Bryan Calvin Hartnell,20, Hartnell survived eight stab wounds to the back, but Shepard died as a result of her injuries on September 29,1969. Coordinates, 38°33′48. 29″N 122°13′54. 43″W Paul Lee Stine,29, shot and killed on October 11,1969, Edwards and Domingos were identified as possible Zodiac victims because of specific similarities between their attack and the Zodiacs attack at Lake Berryessa six years later. Coordinates, 34°28′11. 20″N 120°10′7. 14″W Cheri Jo Bates,18, stabbed to death and nearly decapitated on October 30,1966, College coordinates, 33°58′19″N 117°22′52″W Donna Lass,25, last seen September 6,1970, in Stateline, Nevada. No evidence has been uncovered to connect Lasss disappearance with the Zodiac Killer definitively. There is also a suspected third escapee from the Zodiac Killer, Kathleen Johns,22, allegedly abducted on March 22,1970, on Highway 132 near I-580, in an area west of Modesto. Johns escaped from the car of a man who drove her and her infant daughter around the area between Stockton and Patterson for approximately 1½ hours, the couple were on their first date and planned to attend a Christmas concert at Hogan High School about three blocks from Jensens home. The couple instead visited a friend before stopping at a local restaurant, at about 10,15 p. m. Faraday parked his mothers Rambler in a gravel turnout, which was a well-known lovers lane. Shortly after 11,00 p. m. their bodies were found by Stella Borges, the Solano County Sheriffs Department investigated the crime but no leads developed. Utilizing available forensic data, Robert Graysmith postulated that another car pulled into the turnout, just prior to 11,00 pm, the killer apparently exited the second car and walked toward the Rambler, possibly ordering the couple out of the Rambler. Jensen appeared to have exited the car first, yet when Faraday was halfway out, fleeing from the killer, Jensen was gunned down twenty-eight feet from the car with five shots through her back
Zodiac Killer
–
A sketch of the Zodiac Killer
Zodiac Killer
–
"The Confession"
19.
Pauline Phillips
–
Pauline Esther Popo Phillips, also known as Abigail Van Buren, was an American advice columnist and radio show host who began the Dear Abby column in 1956. During her decades writing the column, it became the most widely syndicated newspaper column in the world, from 1963 to 1975, Phillips also hosted a daily Dear Abby program on CBS Radio. TV anchorwoman Diane Sawyer calls her the queen of salty advice. Pauline Esther Friedman, nicknamed Popo, was born in Sioux City, Iowa to Russian Jewish immigrants, Rebecca, Friedman, owner of a chain of movie theaters. She was the youngest of four sisters and grew up in Sioux City and her identical twin, Esther Pauline Friedman, was columnist Ann Landers. Lederer had become Ann Landers in 1955, and inspired by her sisters example, in describing her familys emigration to America, Phillips says, My parents came with nothing. She adds that her parents never forgot first seeing the Statue of Liberty and they always held her dear, all their lives. Her sister, Esther, recalls their home life, My father was the sort of man came to for advice. My mother couldnt turn away anyone with a hard-luck story and our house was always full of guests. Phillips agrees, and understood that her parents had an effect on her own personality. My contemporaries would come to me for advice, I got that from my mother, the ability to listen and to help other people with their problems. I also got Daddys sense of humor, in July 1939, they were married in a double-wedding ceremony on July 2, two days before their 21st birthday. Pauline married Morton Phillips of Minneapolis, and had two children, a son, Edward Jay Phillips, and a daughter, Jeanne Phillips, Paulines writing career that led to Dear Abby began in January 1956, when she was 37 and new to the greater San Francisco area. Sometime during this period she phoned the editor of the San Francisco Chronicle, in an interview with Larry King, she said she had no work experience, lacking even a social security number. The editor, however, asked if she were a professional writer and he said her writing was fabulous, and she was hired that day. She went by the pen name Abigail Van Buren, after the Old Testament prophetess from the Book of Samuel, ‘Blessed is your advice and blessed are you. Van Buren was used after the president, Martin Van Buren, Phillips says that because she applied for the columnist job without notifying her sister first, it created bad feelings between them for many years. The sisters ostensibly reconciled in 1964, although some suggest the acrimony between them remained, in 1958, after only two years writing their columns, they became the most widely read and most quoted women in the world, according to Life magazine
Pauline Phillips
–
Publicity photo in 1961
20.
Dear Abby
–
The column was syndicated by McNaught Syndicate from 1956 until 1966, when it moved to Universal Press Syndicate. Dear Abbys current syndication company claims the column is well-known for sound, compassionate advice, as of 1987, over 1200 newspapers ran the column. On June 1,2009, the column moved from the Chicago Tribune to the Chicago Sun-Times, Abby was born Pauline Esther Friedman, and her twin sister was born Esther Pauline Friedman. Abby was known as Popo, and her sister was Eppie, a similar column, Ask Ann Landers, was written from 1955 to 2002 by the elder Phillips twin sister Eppie Lederer. A few months before Pauline Phillips started Dear Abby, her twin sister Eppie Lederer took over the Ann Landers column created by Chicago Sun-Times advice columnist Ruth Crowley in 1943 and this produced a rivalry and lengthy estrangement between the two sisters. On February 13,1987, the Chicago Tribune announced that the Ann Landers column was moving to the Tribune, the Tribune ran both columns, Landers every day and Abby six days a week. Pauline Phillips wrote the column herself until 2000, at which time her daughter Jeanne Phillips began officially writing the column with her, Jeanne Phillips became sole author in August 2002, also announcing that her mother had Alzheimers disease. Pauline Phillips died on January 16,2013, aged 94, Dear Abby was especially known for oft very brief answers with harsh humour, albeit usually enlightening. See also the authors page for other quotes. Miss Manners Dolores Prida Official website Abigail Van Buren at Library of Congress Authorities, with 7 catalog records Works by or about Van Buren in libraries
Dear Abby
–
Dear Abby Star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame memorializing the Dear Abby radio show
21.
Lucius Beebe
–
Lucius Morris Beebe was an American author, gourmand, photographer, railroad historian, journalist, and syndicated columnist. Beebe was born in Wakefield, Massachusetts, to a prominent Boston family, Beebe attended both Harvard University and Yale University, where he contributed to campus humor magazine The Yale Record. During his tenure at boarding school and university, Beebe was known for his numerous pranks, one of his more outrageous stunts included an attempt at festooning J. P. Morgans yacht Corsair III with toilet paper from a chartered airplane. Beebe earned his degree from Harvard in 1926, only to be expelled during graduate school. During and immediately after obtaining his degree from Harvard, Beebe published several books of poetry, Beebe re-launched Nevadas first newspaper, the Territorial Enterprise, in 1952. Beebe wrote a column for the New York Herald Tribune from the 1930s through 1944 called This New York. The column chronicled the doings of fashionable society at such storied restaurants and nightclubs as El Morocco, the 21 Club, the Stork Club, mr. Beebe is credited with popularizing the term cafe society which was used to describe the people mentioned in his column. The newspaper was relaunched in 1952 and by 1954 had achieved the highest circulation in the West for a weekly newspaper and he and Clegg co-wrote the That Was the West series of historical essays for the newspaper. In 1960 Beebe began work with the San Francisco Chronicle where he wrote a syndicated column, during the six years that he wrote the column, Beebe covered such topics as economics, politics, journalism, religion, history, morals, justice, finance, and travel. He had his own column Along the Boulevard, in Gourmet, some of the restaurants he covered include The Colony, The Stork Club, The Pump Room, the 21 Club, Simpsons-in-the-Strand, and Chasens. A noted wine aficionado, he was a member of the Confrérie des Chevaliers du Tastevin, in addition to his work as a journalist, Beebe wrote over 35 books. His books dealt primarily with railroading and café society and he was the first writer to use a painting by Howard L. Fogg, noted railroad artist, on the cover of a book. Many of his books were written with his longtime companion Charles Clegg. Beebe was inducted into the Nevada Writers Hall of Fame in 1992, along with Clegg, Beebe owned two private railcars, the Gold Coast and The Virginia City. The Gold Coast, Georgia Northern / Central of Georgia No,100, was built in 1905 and is now at the California State Railroad Museum. After Beebe and Clegg purchased The Virginia City they had it refurbished and redecorated by famed Hollywood set designer Robert T. Hanley in a known as Venetian Renaissance Baroque. Beebe in the Virginia City The Virginia City has been restored, Beebe and Clegg wrote about and photographed the Virginia & Truckee Railroad and worked unsuccessfully with other railroad fans to preserve it. Their fame was such that they were caricatured in Fiddletown & Copperopolis, Beebe was also a noted partisan of the Cunard Line and passenger liner travel in general
Lucius Beebe
–
Lucius Beebe (r), with Charles Clegg at their home office while publishing the Territorial Enterprise newspaper, Virginia City, Nevada.
22.
Art Hoppe
–
Art Hoppe was a popular columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle for more than 40 years. He was known for satirical and allegorical columns that skewered the self-important, many columns featured whimsical characters such as expert-in-all-things Homer T. Pettibone and a presidential candidate named Nobody. Occasionally, Hoppe reined in his humor for poignant columns on topics, such as To Root Against Your Country. Hoppe began at the Chronicle as a boy in 1949 and was promoted to reporter before beginning his own column. At the peak of its popularity, Hoppes column appeared in the Chronicle five days a week and was syndicated in more than 100 newspapers nationwide and his close friends included fellow columnists Russell Baker and Art Buchwald. Hoppe received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Society of Newspaper Columnists in 1996, on his own ititiative, he released fellow Chronicle columnist Herb Caen from a mutual vow to accept a special 1996 Pulitzer Prize. He died from complications of cancer in February 2000, aged 74, survived by his wife Gloria. Obituary in the San Francisco Chronicle National Society of Newspaper Columnists Hall of Fame
Art Hoppe
–
Hoppe in 1994
23.
Charles McCabe
–
Charles McCabe was a columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle from the mid-1950s until his death May 1,1983 at the age of 68. He was born and raised in New Yorks Hells Kitchen and was educated by the Jesuits, while at the Chronicle, his boss Scott Newhall assigned him to do a column for the sports section of the newspaper. McCabe knew little about sports and had no interest in the subject. Newhall dubbed him the fearless spectator and took publicity photographs of McCabe perched on a stick, wearing a derby. Initially the column was placed in the section but having little if anything to do with sports it was eventually moved to the features section. He would feverishly type up his column and then leave before 9AM to get his breakfast of five or six Green Deaths at Gino and Carlo, McCabe professed little interest in what his readers wrote to him. His editorial assistant, Mike Brown, would write touching or apologetic replies to most if not all of the letters. It is interesting that people still remember the beautiful letters. McCabe as previously noted was a satirical journalist, while there were sometimes underlying political implications in his columns, it was not common. In the late 1950s, US Steel proposed to build a building near the Embarcadero. Both McCabe and Herb Caen another SF Chronicle columnist wrote strongly against its construction, Green Death was the nickname for Ranier Ale. This was McCabes favorite beer and he wrote about his fondness for the brew in his column. After his death, his friend Denis Prescott poured a bottle of the brew over the side of the ship the Santa Maria in memory of McCabe. McCabe traveled on the Santa Maria frequently and was well known and they stopped the ship and announced the event just prior to the ceremonial pouring I went to Dino and Carlos bar in North Beach every so often with my friend Ron Small. Ron would frequently meet there with a guy who I was told worked at the SF Chronicle and on one occasion this Mr. Charles McCabe. Ron eventually showed up accompanied with the scruftiest looking person I had ever seen and this other guy looked like a unwashed biker. He wore a helmet that reminded me of a Nazi WW2 military helmet, the Grateful Dead were becoming popular around this time and I flashed that this must be PigPen from their band. I moaned good god Mr. McCabe said nothing just looked amused, Ron introduced our latest friend as George
Charles McCabe
–
Charles McCabe, 1962
24.
Herb Caen
–
A special Pulitzer Prize called him the voice and conscience of San Francisco. After high school he covered sports for The Sacramento Union, in 1936 Caen began writing a radio programming column for the San Francisco Chronicle. When that column was discontinued in 1938, Caen proposed a column on the city itself. An astounding and unduplicated feat, by far the longest-running newspaper column in the country. ,9 What makes him unique, readers who turned to Herb on Feb.14,1966, learned that Willie Mays home was on the market for $110,000. The Bank of America now owned the block where it wanted to build its headquarters, dr. Zhivago director David Lean was in town. Meanwhile, Mike Connolly is ready to concede that the situation in Vietnam is complex, Caen had considerable influence on popular culture, particularly its language. He coined the term beatnik in 1958 and popularized hippie during San Franciscos 1967 Summer of Love and he popularized obscure—often playful—terms such as Frisbeetarianism, and ribbed nearby Berkeley as Berserkeley for its often-radical politics. Waiter Edsel Ford Fung, who became famous for berating and insulting the customers, all with tongue in cheek, died Tuesday at age 55, and the skinny old eating place is in mourning. Edsel, always a fellow with a flair, added the Ford and hinted broadly that he was related to the auto family, by the way, there is no Sam Wo at Sam Wo. The name means something analogous to Three Happiness, but there is only sadness there this week, though Caen relied on an army of reliable tipsters all items were fact-checked. Now and then an item was credited to a mysterious Strange de Jim, sometimes suspected to be a Caen alter ego, de Jim was revealed after Caens death to be a Castro District writer who, despite several coy interviews with the press, remains publicly anonymous. Caen took special pleasure in seeing what he could sneak by his editors—his naughties, such as this item about a shopper looking for a Barbie doll,15 On Sundays, current items were set aside in favor of Mr. For an eternity, the victim twitched in spasm after spasm, doesnt hurt a bit, the warden had said. And from that day on, having been made aware of the States awful vengeance. You bet.94 On December 12,1960 Caen wrote, While youre making out your Christmas cards, you remember to send one to Francis Gary Powers, c/o American Embassy, Moscow. Let him know that U-2 havent forgotten, Powers received almost a hundred cards, most from the San Francisco Bay Area. A collection of essays, Baghdad-by-the-Bay was published in 1949, the Cable Car and the Dragon, a childrens picture book, was published in 1972. In April 1996 Caen received a special Pulitzer Prize for extraordinary, the following month doctors treating him for pneumonia discovered he had inoperable lung cancer
Herb Caen
–
"Mr. San Francisco" in his Chronicle office early in the 1990s
Herb Caen
–
For the professional ice hockey player, see
Herb Cain.
Herb Caen
–
One of Caen's four "Loyal
Royals " on display at the Chronicle offices
25.
San Francisco Examiner
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The San Francisco Examiner is a longtime daily newspaper distributed in and around San Francisco, California. The Examiner is one of the pioneers in the industry and has published continuously since 1863. The San Francisco Examiner was sold to Black Press Group, a Canadian media publisher, as of 2014, The San Francisco Media Company LLC is held under, Oahu Publications Inc. a subsidiary of Black Press Group Ltd. In 1880, mining engineer, entrepreneur and US Senator George Hearst bought the Examiner, seven years later, after being elected to the U. S. Senate, he gave it to his son, William Randolph Hearst, who was then 23 years old. The elder Hearst was said to have received the paper as partial payment of a poker debt. William Randolph Hearst created the masthead with the Hearst Eagle and the slogan Monarch of the Dailies. After the great earthquake and fire of 1906 destroyed much of San Francisco, the Examiner and its rivals — the San Francisco Chronicle and the San Francisco Call — brought out a joint edition. The Examiner offices were destroyed on April 18,1906, but when the city was rebuilt, a new structure and it opened in 1909, and in 1937 the facade, entranceway and lobby underwent an extensive remodeling designed by architect Julia Morgan. Ultimately, circulation battles ended in a merging of resources between the two papers, the Examiner published the Sunday papers news sections and glossy magazine, and the Chronicle contributed the features. Circulation was approximately 100,000 on weekdays and 500,000 on Sundays, in its stylebook, the Examiner has traditionally referred to San Francisco as The City, capitalized, both in headlines and text of stories, and continues to do so. San Francisco slang has traditionally referred to the Examiner in abbreviated form as the Ex. When the Chronicle Publishing Company divested its interests, the Hearst Corporation purchased the Chronicle. However, on July 27,2000 a federal judge approved the Fangs assumption of the Examiner name, its archives,35 delivery trucks, from their side, the Fangs paid Hearst $100.00 for the Examiner. On February 24,2003, the Examiner became a daily newspaper and is now printed Sunday through Friday. On February 19,2004, the Fang family sold the Examiner and its printing plant and his new company, Clarity Media Group, launched The Washington Examiner in 2005 and published The Baltimore Examiner from 2006 to 2009. In 2006, Anschutz donated the archives of the Examiner to the University of California, Berkeley Bancroft Library, under Clarity ownership, the Examiner pioneered a new business model for the newspaper industry. Designed to be read quickly, the Examiner is presented in a compact and it focuses on local news, business, entertainment and sports with an emphasis on content relevant to local readers. It is delivered free to select neighborhoods in San Francisco and San Mateo counties, and to single-copy outlets throughout San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Alameda counties, California
San Francisco Examiner
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The Examiner
San Francisco Examiner
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The San Francisco Examiner
San Francisco Examiner
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Hearst Building, San Francisco
San Francisco Examiner
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Ted Fang
26.
Chronicle Publishing Company
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The Chronicle Publishing Company was a print and broadcast media corporation headquartered in San Francisco, California that was in operation from 1865 until 2000. In September 1868, the changed its name to the Morning Chronicle. Over the coming decades, the Chronicle saw massive growth alongside that of San Francisco and that building was superseded by the final company headquarters, still used by the Chronicle, which were built in 1924 at Fifth and Mission Streets. On November 5,1949, CPC would sign on KRON-TV on VHF channel 4 and this was much to the chagrin of NBC itself, which was a runner-up for the station and would desire KRON for the next half-century. In the 1950s, KRON would add an FM radio station at 96.5 MHz, further diversification into broadcasting came in 1975 when the sale of KRON-FM to Bonneville International allowed CPC to purchase the Meredith Corporations WOWT-TV in Omaha, Nebraska. This was followed in 1979 with the purchase of KAKE-TV in Wichita, Kansas and in 1987 when independently owned KLBY in Colby, Kansas was purchased to increase KAKEs reach. In the early 1990s, Chronicle Publishing launched the Bay TV cable network which was operated in conjunction with KRON and was seen on most cable systems in the Bay Area. In 1968, the Chronicle established its own imprint in Chronicle Books. She told Editor & Publisher that the sale of the San Francisco Chronicle would take place over dead body, although Mrs. McEvoy kept her 26. KRON-TV, Young Broadcasting Partner network BayTV went to Young with the sale and was folded in August 2001, H. de Young MBI Publishing, Purchased by New York City investment firm Flagship Partners, Inc. With the exception of the Pantagraph and the imprints, all of the former Chronicle Publishing assets have met some degree of criticism, misfortune. KRON itself also suffered due to the loss of its NBC affiliation to KNTV, Young itself filed for bankruptcy in 2009, but emerged the next year, it sold itself to Media General in 2013, and that company owns KRON at present. Twenty-four de Young family shareholders received at least $2 billion divided among them from the sales of the Chronicle Publishing assets, concentration of media ownership Media in the San Francisco Bay Area History of San Francisco Old Chronicle Building
Chronicle Publishing Company
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The San Francisco Chronicle was the foundation of the Chronicle Publishing Company.
Chronicle Publishing Company
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Nan Tucker McEvoy
27.
San Francisco Independent
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Fang gave the newspaper to his 24-year-old son Ted Fang as birthday present. When the established neighborhood newspaper San Francisco Progress folded, Fang gained advertiser and increased circulation, the Independent, widely regarded as a mouthpiece for the political views of the Fang family, focused primarily on neighborhood news. The newspaper declared in an open letter to the readers of the Independent in 2000. The Independent received a significant source of revenue from legal notices, as of December,1998 the Independent was distributed four times per week. As of 2000, it was distributed three times, as of March,2001, the Independent had ceased delivering to homes on Saturdays, being distributed only at newsstands and as an insert into the San Francisco Examiner. The newspaper has since stopped publication, said Brian Antonio, a clerk at the Pacific Stock Exchange of the Independent, Oh, thats the one nobody reads. Thats the one that goes right in the recycling bin, the Fang family heavily protested the proposed purchase by Hearst, owner of the San Francisco Examiner, of the San Francisco Chronicle, saying it would hurt the Independent. Eventually, the Examiner was sold to the Independent by Hearst to avoid anti-trust litigation, the deal led to Ted Fang receiving a salary of $500,000 per year, four times his salary at the Independent. In addition, under the terms of the deal, the Fang family could pocket half of every dollar over $15 million of the $25 million subsidy they received from Hearst, the Independent was widely considered to reflect the political biases of the Fang family. In 1991 Independent columnist Warren Hinckle wrote a booklet attacking then-mayor Art Agnos, the Fang family was active in fundraising for Willie Brown and Terence Hallinan and the familys printing company printed campaign literature for Hallinan. Ted Fang was named to Hallinans transitional team after he was elected, more criticism centered around city loans given to Pan Asia Venture Capital Corp. owned by the Fang family. The company was given a $650,000 loan from the Mayors Office of Community Development, the newspaper was also criticized in 1996 for taking sides in a San Mateo County Board of Supervisors race, working to defeat incumbent Mary Griffin. Ted Fang denied the accusations that he was slanting his newspapers coverage against Griffin and that has nothing to do with editorial coverage. Ted Fang has defended his newspapers actions, saying, We fight for what we believe in, the Independent was known for its animosity toward the Examiner. The Independent sued the Examiner in 1993 over the right to publish the City of San Franciscos legal notices. The newspaper also ran a comic called Mr. Sharon Stone, a dig at Phil Bronstein. Independent columnist Warren Hinckle, who had worked at the Examiner
San Francisco Independent
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Ted Fang became publisher of the San Francisco Examiner in 2000
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AsianWeek
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AsianWeek headquarters are located in San Franciscos Chinatown. It stopped publishing a print edition in 2009 and continues as an online newspaper, AsianWeek is the largest and longest and established English language newsweekly for Asian Pacific Americans. In 1965, after the Hart-Celler Immigration Act ended over 80 years of race-based exclusion of immigrants from Asia, as Asian Americans became the fastest growing minority in the United States and as they became more settled, they began forming organizations and associations to serve their communities. Realizing the need to provide a voice for Asian Pacific America, John Fang, currently, it has a circulation of over 58,000. In 1995, AsianWeek changed its format to full-color and converted itself from a paid circulation newspaper to a publication consisting of both free distribution and paid subscribers. AsianWeek newspaper is also involved in an array of community activities. AsianWeek is also on the committee for the Asian Heritage Street Celebration, Northern California Cherry Blossom Festival. “AsianWeek has acted as a forum in advocating for those Asian Americans who were defenseless and voiceless in the face of an uncaring power, on August 20,2007, AsianWeek launched a completely redesigned version of their website that is no longer live as of April 2011. On January 2,2009, AsianWeek ceased print publication, the Opinion section includes AsianWeeks Letters to the Editor, Emil Guillermos column Amok, and a community contributed article, Voices. Emil Guillermo has been a journalist for more than 30 years, after ten years in television news, Guillermo became host of NPRs All Things Considered, in 1989. After leaving NPR, Guillermo worked as secretary and speechwriter for then congressman Norman Mineta. He returned to media as a television and radio talk show host in Washington. As a writer, Guillermo has contributed jokes for Jay Lenos monologues and his written often satirical commentaries have appeared in newspapers throughout the country. His book Amok, a compilation of his AsianWeek columns won the American Book Award in 2000, Guillermo is also the winner of both a California Newspaper Publishers Association Award and a National Inland Press Association Award for his mainstream newspaper work. He has won awards from the Radio-TV News Directors Association, Society of Professional Journalists, the Asian American Journalists Association, a native San Franciscan, Guillermo graduated from Lowell High School and Harvard College. On Monday, February 4,2008, AsianWeek launched a new daily blog by award-winning journalist Emil Guillermo, Guillermo is already the most widely read APA columnist, and his new daily commentary will remark on timely and fascinating stories and ideas that affect the broad APA community. The blog is available online at http, //amok. asianweek. com/, “It will be a place readers can get my take on the issues that concern them”, said Guillermo, whose column, “Amok” has appeared in AsianWeek over the last 14 years. “And it will be a place where they can share their ideas with others, consider it the water cooler for APAs across the country”
AsianWeek
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AsianWeek
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Tabloid (newspaper format)
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A tabloid is a newspaper with a compact page size smaller than broadsheet. There is no standard size for this newspaper format, the term tabloid journalism refers to an emphasis on such topics as sensational crime stories, astrology, celebrity gossip and television, and is not a reference to newspapers printed in this format. Some small-format papers with a standard of journalism refer to themselves as compact newspapers. Larger newspapers, traditionally associated with higher-quality journalism, are called broadsheets, in common usage, tabloid and broadsheet are frequently more descriptive of a newspapers market position than physical format. The Berliner format used by many prominent European newspapers is sized between the tabloid and the broadsheet, in a newspaper context, the term Berliner is generally used only to describe size, not to refer to other qualities of the publication. The word tabloid comes from the name given by the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. to the compressed tablets they marketed as Tabloid pills in the late 1880s, the connotation of tabloid was soon applied to other small compressed items. A1902 item in Londons Westminister Gazette noted, The proprietor intends to give in tabloid form all the news printed by other journals, thus tabloid journalism in 1901 originally meant a paper that condensed stories into a simplified, easily absorbed format. The term preceded the 1918 reference to smaller sheet newspapers that contained the condensed stories, a tabloid is defined as roughly 17 by 11 inches and commonly half the size of a broadsheet. Tabloid newspapers, especially in the United Kingdom, boast a very high degree of variation as far as target market, political alignment, editorial style, thus, various terms have been coined to describe the subtypes of this versatile paper format. There are, broadly, two types of tabloid newspaper, red top and compact. The distinction is largely of editorial style, both red top and compact tabloids span the width of the spectrum from socialism to capitalist conservatism. The red top tabloid is, for many, the example of the format. Red tops tend to be written with a simplistic, straightforward vocabulary and grammar, their layout, more often than not, in the extreme case, red top tabloids have been accused of lying or misrepresenting the truth to increase circulation. Poll results are often predicted by red top papers, examples of British red top newspapers include The Sun, the Daily Star, the Daily Mirror and the Daily Sport. In contrast to red top tabloids, compacts use a style more closely associated with broadsheet newspapers. In fact, most compact tabloids formerly used the paper size. The term compact was coined in the 1970s by the Daily Mail, one of the newspapers to make the change. The purpose behind this was to avoid the association of the word tabloid with the flamboyant, the early converts from broadsheet format made the change in the 1970s, two notable British papers that took this step at the time were the Daily Mail and the Daily Express
Tabloid (newspaper format)
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British tabloids, July 5, 2011
Tabloid (newspaper format)
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"A photographer's photographer" quote by
First Lady Mrs. Warren G. Harding who stated the Edward Jackson's photograph of her was "the best photo ever taken." The photo ran on the entire front page of the February 5, 1921
New York Daily News.
Tabloid (newspaper format)
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For other uses, see
Tabloid.
30.
KRON-TV
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KRON-TV, virtual channel 4, is a MyNetworkTV-affiliated television station licensed to San Francisco, California, United States. The station is owned by Nexstar Media Group, KRON maintains studios in the same building as KGO-TV in the Financial District, and its transmitting antenna is located atop Sutro Tower. KRON-TV is the largest MyNetworkTV affiliate by market size that is not owned and operated by the network, NBC wanted an owned-and-operated station in the Bay Area alongside its West Coast flagship radio station, KNBC. However, in an upset, the won the license. They brought KRON-TV on the air on November 15,1949 as a full-time NBC affiliate, the stations call letters come from a modification of the Chronicles nickname, The Chron. For most of its run as an NBC station, KRON-TV was that networks second-largest affiliate, KRON-TV originally broadcast from studios located in the basement of the Chronicle building at Fifth and Mission streets. It originally maintained transmitter facilities, master control and a small studio on San Bruno Mountain. In August 1959, the Chronicle reported that the tower was damaged by an unusually strong thunderstorm. Newscasts benefited from the resources of the Chronicle and there was cooperation between KRON and the newspaper, Bay Area kids, known as the City Council, joined Mayor Art in the studio each day. The show featured Popeye cartoons mixed with science demonstrations, a feature entitled Mayor Arts Almanac, games, prizes. Assignment Four was a series that generally aired Monday evenings at 7,00 p. m. through much of the 1960s. Subjects ranged from Skid Row to The Single Girl, the Green Intricate Country of Napa Valley to No Deposit, the documentary Not to Have Lived about mechanized society featured no dialogue or narration. In 1967, KRON-FM-TV moved to a new studio at 1001 Van Ness Avenue in the Western Addition neighborhood, the television transmitter was moved to Sutro Tower on July 4,1973, while the FM transmitter remained on San Bruno Mountain. Since the 1970s, KRONs logo has incorporated a stylized number 4 design that is based on the Golden Gate Bridge, the vertical component is a bridge tower, the horizontal component is a portion of the bridge deck, and the curve is a portion of a suspension cable. By about 1990-1991, this evolved into the circle 4 logo in use to this day, realizing this and refocusing on the entire market enabled KRON-TV to become the dominant station in the Bay Area. During the 1980s, KRON continued its dominance by airing top-rated syndicated programs, including the Merv Griffin-produced game shows Jeopardy. and Wheel of Fortune, as well as Entertainment Tonight. In 1982, the deYoung familys Chronicle Publishing Company unit discussed a trade of KRON-TV to the Gannett Company. The proposal ultimately fell apart by September 1983, during that timeframe, KRON also produced a Saturday morning childrens program called Buster and Me
KRON-TV
