Le Devoir
Le Devoir is a French-language newspaper published in Montreal and distributed in Quebec and the rest of Canada. It was founded by journalist and nationalist Henri Bourassa in 1910, historically Le Devoir was considered Canadas francophone newspaper of record, although in the 21st century it has been challenged for that title by the increased status of competitor La Presse. Bourassa was opposed to all Canadian participation in British wars and would go on to become a key figure in fighting for an independent Canadian foreign policy and he is considered both a forebear of French Canadian nationalists as well as a Canadian nationalist more generally. In 1910 he founded Le Devoir as an outlet for his anti-imperialist Ligue nationaliste, Bourassa headed the newspaper until August 3,1932, when he was replaced by Georges Pelletier. Claude Ryan, a federalist, took the helm in 1964, followed by Jean-Louis Roy in 1980 and she would continue on in her post until 1998, with the current editor-in-chief, Bernard Descôteaux, taking over the following year.
Once considered a reformist paper, it has recently been associated less with ideas that challenge the status quo of Quebecs economic, Le Devoir began as several other businesses besides the newspaper. These ventures included a printer and publishing house, a bookstore. Trips were initially organized to coincide with Catholic congresses around the world, as well as for pilgrimages, such trips included Acadia and Louisiana. The purpose of the venture was, said Napoleon Lafortune, to extend the work of the newspaper to defend the French language and the Catholic faith. The unusual service officially lasted from 1924 to 1947, though it ended at the start of World War II when international civilian travel became very difficult. Le Devoir has a low circulation of about 34,000 on weekdays and 58,000 on Saturdays. The newspapers slogan is Fais ce que dois, Le Devoir means the duty in French. In September 2011, the National Film Board of Canada and Le Devoir announced that they will be jointly hosting three interactive essays on their websites, ONF. ca and ledevoir. com.
Henri Bourassa Georges Pelletier Gérard Filion Claude Ryan Jean-Louis Roy Benoît Lauzière Lise Bissonnette Bernard Descôteaux Luce Julien Notable contributors have included the following
California
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence.
The western portion of Alta California was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, real estate services and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA.
Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups were diverse in their organization with bands, villages. Trade and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years English explorer Francis Drake explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
Isaac Stern
Isaac Stern was a Ukrainian-born American violinist and conductor. The son of Solomon and Clara Stern, Isaac Stern was born into a Volhynian-Jewish family in Kremenets and he was 14 months old when his family moved to San Francisco in 1921. He received his first music lessons from his mother, in 1928, he enrolled at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, where he studied until 1931 before going on to study privately with Louis Persinger. He returned to the San Francisco Conservatory to study for five years with Naoum Blinder, at his public début on 18 February 1936, aged 15, he played Saint-Saëns Violin Concerto No.3 in B minor with the San Francisco Symphony under the direction of Pierre Monteux. Stern toured the Soviet Union in 1951, the first American violinist to do so, in 1967, Stern stated his refusal to return to the USSR until the Soviet regime allowed artists to enter and leave the country freely. His only visit to Germany was in 1999, for a series of master classes and his first marriage, in 1948 to ballerina Nora Kaye, ended in divorce after 18 months, but the two of them subsequently remained friends.
On 17 August 1951, he married Vera Lindenblit and they had three children together, including conductors Michael and David Stern. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1994 after 43 years, in 1996, Stern married his third wife, Linda Reynolds. His third wife, his three children, and his five grandchildren survived him, in 1940, Stern began performing with Russian-born pianist Alexander Zakin, collaborating until 1977. Within musical circles, Stern became renowned both for his recordings and for championing certain younger players, among his discoveries were cellists Yo-Yo Ma and Jian Wang, and violinists Itzhak Perlman and Pinchas Zukerman. In the 1960s, he played a major role in saving New York Citys Carnegie Hall from demolition. Following the purchase of Carnegie Hall by New York City, the Carnegie Hall Corporation was formed, and Stern was chosen as its first president, Carnegie Hall named its main auditorium in his honor. The Dutilleux concerto, entitled Larbre des songes was a 1985 commission by Stern himself and he dubbed actors violin-playing in several films, such as Fiddler on the Roof.
Stern served as advisor for the 1946 film, about a rising violin star and his patron, played respectively by John Garfield. He was the violin soloist on the soundtrack for the 1971 film of Fiddler on the Roof. In 1999, he appeared in the film Music of the Heart, along with Itzhak Perlman and several other famed violinists, with a youth orchestra led by Meryl Streep. In his autobiography, co-authored with Chaim Potok, My First 79 Years, Stern cited Nathan Milstein and Arthur Grumiaux as major influences on his style of playing. He won Grammys for his work with Eugene Istomin and Leonard Rose in their famous chamber music trio in the 1960s and 70s, while there, he collaborated with the China Central Symphony Society under the direction of conductor Li Delun
San Francisco
San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Pinterest, Uber, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings.
The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849.
The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
Banff Centre
Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity, formerly known as The Banff Centre, located in Banff, was established in 1933 as the Banff School of Drama. It was granted autonomy as a non-degree granting post-secondary educational institution in 1978. It offers arts programs in the performing and fine arts, as well as leadership training, Banff Centre is a member of the Alberta Rural Development Network. On June 23,2016, Banff Centre announced a new name and released a new brand identity and it is now called Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity, and its new mission is to inspire artists and leaders to make their unique contribution to society. The Centre was founded in 1933 by the University of Alberta, initially only drama courses were offered. In 1935 the Centre became known as The Banff School of Fine Arts, as arts programming continued to succeed and develop, conferences were introduced in 1953 and management programs in 1954. The facility was renamed The Banff Centre for Continuing Education in 1970, the Centre was granted full autonomy as a non-degree granting educational institution under the governance of a board of directors by the Province of Alberta in 1978.
The Centre is now affiliated with the University of Calgary, which became its trustee, in the mid-1990s, in response to a cut in its provincial operating grant, the Centre launched a capital campaign. Proceeds were used to develop conference and arts facilities, which opened in 1996, the Centre was designated as a National Training Institute by the federal government in 1999, and became home to the Banff International Research Station in 2003. The Centres name was changed to The Banff Centre in 2008. Programs include residencies, practicum programs, the Leighton Artists’ Colony, the approval to acquire CFPE and CFPF from the Friends of Banff was granted on July 19,2013, while the new station was approved on August 6,2013. The centre formally launched its new community radio programming on the stations in June 2014. By 2015, however, CJXB had still not launched when the Banff Centre decided to all three radio stations in order to focus on a podcasting strategy. The CRTC revoked the CFPE and CFPF licenses on April 10,2015, Banff Centre for Arts and Creativity facilities offer a range of resources to support artists across all disciplines.
The writers’ lounge serves as a literary hub, while the Library and Archives house a collection of materials with a focus on the visual. Tucked away in the forest on campus, the Leighton Artists’ Colony has nine studio cottages to inspire artistic practice with opportunities to interact with the larger Banff Centre community, in addition to its arts programming, conferences were introduced in 1953 and management programs in 1954. Banff Centre hosts 500 conferences a year, with proceeds dedicated to supporting arts programming, in 2003, it became host to the Banff International Research Station for Mathematical Innovation and Discovery. Banff Centre – official site Banff International Research Station for Mathematical Innovation and Discovery – official site
International Standard Serial Number
An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character.
The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole.
An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
San Francisco State University
1899 – Founded as San Francisco State Normal School. 1901 – First graduating class 1906 – The 1906 earthquake and fire forces the school to relocate from Nob Hill to a new campus at Buchanan and Haight Streets. 1966 – Beginning of the era of protests led by student organizations including the Black Students Union, Third World Liberation Front. The protests against college policies and off-campus issues such as the Vietnam War included sit-ins, marches, teach-ins, the protests were marked by counter-protests and widespread charges of corruption and election fraud in the student newspaper. 1968 – A lengthy student strike erupted that developed into an important event in the history of the U. S. in the late 1960s. The strike was led by the Black Student Union and the Third World Liberation Front and this became a major news event for weeks in the aftermath of the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. At one point, University president S. I. Hayakawa famously pulled the out of the speakers on top of a van at a student rally.
During the course of the strike, large numbers of police drawn from many jurisdictions occupied the campus, SF State is on the semester system. The university awards degrees in 115 areas of specialization, masters degrees in 97. SFSU ranks 18th among the top 20 undergraduate schools whose alumni go on to be admitted to the State Bar, the Cinema department, in the College of Liberal & Creative Arts, was named one of the nations top film schools by Entertainment Weekly in 2000. The university is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Senior Colleges and Universities, the College of Business is accredited by The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business. The college of engineering is accredited by the ABET except the computer engineering program, San Francisco State was ranked the 24th top college in the United States by Payscale and CollegeNets Social Mobility Index college rankings. Among Western Universities, of which there are 112, San Francisco State was ranked 10th in terms of diversity by USNWR.
Furthermore, U. S. News & World Report ranks San Francisco State as 8th nationally in the number of transfer students, San Francisco State Universitys joint physical therapy masters program with UCSF is consistently ranked among the top 20 in the country. The Philosophical Gourmet Report lists San Francisco State University as one of the top eight universities to earn a terminal MA in philosophy, SFSU is listed as having one of the nations top film schools by Entertainment Weekly having produced countless leading filmmakers. The Universitys College of Extended Learning offers the only American Bar Association-approved paralegal studies program in San Francisco, SFSU was one of the first California State University campuses to offer a doctorate of education. It was instrumental in the establishment of the International University Of Kyrgyzstan, the University is the only one in California to offer a bachelors degree in technical and professional writing. In 1968, what was the longest student strike in the nations history resulted in establishment of a College of Ethnic Studies and increased recruiting, in 2002 there was much tension between pro-Israel and pro-Palestinian students
University of San Francisco
The University of San Francisco is a Jesuit Catholic university located in San Francisco, United States. The schools main campus is located on a 55-acre setting between the Golden Gate Bridge and Golden Gate Park, the main campus is nicknamed The Hilltop, and part of the main campus is located on Lone Mountain, one of San Franciscos major geographical features. In addition, the university classes at multiple other locations. Its close historical ties with the City and County of San Francisco are reflected in the Universitys traditional motto, the current motto is Change the World From Here. USFs Jesuit Catholic identity is rooted in the vision and work of St. Ignatius of Loyola, founded by the Jesuits in 1855 as St. Ignatius Academy, USF started as a one-room schoolhouse along Market Street in what became downtown San Francisco. Under its founding president, Anthony Marachi, S. J, St. Ignatius Academy received its charter to issue college degrees on April 30,1859, from the State of California, and signed by governor John B.
In that year the school changed its name to St. Ignatius College, the original curriculum included Greek, Latin, French, algebra, history, geography and bookkeeping. Father Maraschi was the colleges first president, a professor, the treasurer. A new building was constructed in 1862 to replace the first frame building, in June 1863, the university awarded its first Bachelor of Arts degree. In 1880, the college moved from Market Street to a new site on the corner of Hayes Street, the third St. Ignatius College received moderate damage in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, but was completely destroyed in the ensuing fire. The campus moved west, to the corner of Hayes and Shrader Streets, close to Golden Gate Park, the college moved to its present site on Fulton Street in 1927. The college was built on the site of a former Masonic Cemetery, to celebrate its diamond jubilee in 1930, St. Ignatius College changed its name to the University of San Francisco. The change from college to university was sought by many alumni groups, a male-only school for most of its history, USF became fully coeducational in 1964, though females started attending the evening programs in business and law as early as 1927.
In 1969, the school division, already wholly separate from the university, moved to the western part of San Francisco. In 1978, the university acquired Lone Mountain College, october 15,2005, marked the 150th anniversary of the universitys founding. As of the fall of 2016, USF enrolled 11,8018 undergraduate and graduate students in all of its programs housed in four schools, the board currently has 43 voting members who serve three, three-year terms and is chaired by Stephen A. Hamill. The board of trustees elects a president to serve as the general manager, the current president is Paul J. Fitzgerald, S. J. The president, according to USF Bylaws, is responsible for articulating and advancing the Jesuit Catholic character of the university
War Memorial Opera House
The War Memorial Opera House in San Francisco, California is located on the western side of Van Ness Avenue across from the rear facade of City Hall. It is part of the San Francisco War Memorial and Performing Arts Center and it has been the home of the San Francisco Opera since opening night in 1932. In 1927, $4 million in bonds were issued to finance the design. A colonnade of paired columns screens colossal arch-headed windows above a rusticated basement. The interior contains an entrance hall with a high barrel vaulted and coffered ceiling parallel to the street. The theater space is dominated by an aluminum and glass panel chandelier under a blue vault. The theater has 3,146 seats plus standing room for 200 behind the orchestra and this is smaller than the Metropolitan Opera and the Chicago Lyric Opera, but it follows the trend of larger capacity in American opera houses than the main European opera houses of the 19th century. The San Francisco Symphony performed most of its concerts in the house, RCA Victor recorded the orchestra here, under the direction of Pierre Monteux, from 1941 to 1952 and in a special stereophonic session in January 1960.
The orchestra made a few recordings for RCA with Enrique Jorda in 1957 and 1958, in years, the orchestra used a special acoustical shell that was placed around the musicians, greatly enhancing acoustics for concerts. The orchestras final concert in the house was an all-Beethoven concert, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the house was regularly blacked out and performances were monitored by air raid wardens. In spring of 1945, the United Nations had its first conference there, the UN Charter was drafted and signed in the Herbst Theatre next door. Six years in 1951, the Treaty of San Francisco was drafted and signed here, during the years of Kurt Herbert Adlers general directorship, the inadequacies of the house became apparent as the season was expanded. In particular, there was a lack of space and rehearsal space. In 1974, The Pointer Sisters were the first pop act to perform at the theatre, in 1979 the backstage area was extended, followed in 1981 by the opening of a new wing built onto the house on the Franklin Street side.
This gave spaces for sets and dancers as well as administrative space. At the same time, the nearby Zellerbach Rehearsal Hall, with a stage the size as that of the Opera House, was opened as part of the complex which included the Louise M. Davies Symphony Hall. In 1989, the powerful Loma Prieta earthquake that shook the Bay Area caused major damage to the Opera House, at this time additional private donations were raised for extensive technical improvements. The organ is not needed with the completion of the nearby Davies Symphony Hall, an underground extension below the neighboring plaza to accommodate additional dressing rooms and backstage facilities
Julian Lage
Julian Lage is an American jazz guitarist and composer. In addition to leading his own group, Lage is a member of Gary Burtons New Quartet and he has a duo project with Chris Eldridge. A child prodigy, Lage was the subject of the 1997 documentary Jules at Eight, at age 13 Lage performed at the 2000 Grammy Awards. He has been a faculty member at the Stanford Jazz Workshop at Stanford University since age 15. Classically trained at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music, Lage has studied at Sonoma State University, Ali Akbar College of Music, on March 24,2009 Lage released his debut album Sounding Point on EmArcy Records, to favorable reviews. It was nominated for the 2010 Grammy Award Best Contemporary Jazz Album, lages second album, titled Gladwell was released April 26,2011, to positive reviews. A former resident of Boston, Lage moved to New York City in October 2010, Lage primarily plays a Linda Manzer Blue Note Archtop, which he has owned since he was 11
