Sanaa manuscript
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The Sanaa palimpsest or Sanaa Quran is one of the oldest Quranic manuscripts in existence and is important for textual criticism in Quranic studies. Part of a sizable cache of Quranic and non-Quranic
Recto side of the Stanford '07 folio. The upper text covers Surah 2 (al-Baqarah), verses 265–271.
The lower text of the above folio, recovered through X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging at Stanford University. The lower text covers Quran 2:191–196.
A fragment showing part of Surat Ta-Ha
Birmingham Quran manuscript
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The Birmingham Quran manuscript comprises two leaves of parchment from an early Quranic manuscript or muṣḥaf. In 2015, the manuscript, which is held by the University of Birmingham in England, was rad
Sanaa manuscript
…Its date (estimated to be between 578 CE and 669 CE with a 95% accuracy); compares with the Birmingham Quran manuscript (radiocarbon dated slightly earlier – to between 568 and 645 CE with a 95.4% accuracy), which became a news story in 2015; a Quran manuscript examined…
folio 1 verso (right) and folio 2 recto
Comparison of a 20th-century edition of the Quran (left) and the Birmingham Quran manuscript (right)
Close-up of part of folio 2 recto, showing chapter division and verse-end markings in Hijazi script
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