Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai was a higher-castled Portuguese carrack with 140 guns, launched down in 1520. Built in Kochi, India around 1512 it had two square rig masts and is depicted on a painting attributed to Joachim Patinir.

A carrack is a three- or four-masted ocean-going sailing ship that was developed in the 14th to 15th centuries in Europe, most notably in Portugal and Spain. Evolving from the single-masted cog, the carrack was first used for European trade from the Mediterranean to the Baltic and quickly found use with the newly found wealth of the trade between Europe and Africa and then the trans-Atlantic trade with the Americas. In their most advanced forms, they were used by the Portuguese for trade between Europe and Asia starting in the late 15th century, before being gradually superseded in the late 16th and early 17th centuries by the galleon.