Santa Clara County, California

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Santa Clara County, California
Condado de Santa Clara (Spanish)
County
County of Santa Clara
SJ skyline at night horizontal.jpg
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Flag of Santa Clara County, California
Flag		Official seal of Santa Clara County, California
Seal
Location in the state of California
Location in the state of California
Coordinates: 37°22′N 121°58′W / 37.36°N 121.97°W / 37.36; -121.97Coordinates: 37°22′N 121°58′W / 37.36°N 121.97°W / 37.36; -121.97
Country United States
State California
RegionSan Francisco Bay Area
IncorporatedFebruary 18, 1850[1]
Named forMission Santa Clara de Asís, St. Clare of Assisi
County seatSan Jose
Largest citySan Jose
Area
 • Total1,304 sq mi (3,380 km2)
 • Land1,290 sq mi (3,300 km2)
 • Water14 sq mi (40 km2)
Highest elevation[2]4,216 ft (1,285 m)
Population (April 1, 2010)[3]
 • Total1,781,642
 • Estimate (2017)[4]1,938,153
 • Density1,400/sq mi (530/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (Pacific Daylight Time)
Area codes408/669, 650
FIPS code06-085
GNIS feature ID277307
Websitewww.sccgov.org

Santa Clara County, officially the County of Santa Clara (Spanish: Condado de Santa Clara), is California's 6th most populous county, with a population was 1,781,642, as of the 2010 census.[3] The county seat and largest city is San Jose, the 10th most populous city in the United States and California's 3rd most populous city.

Home to Silicon Valley, Santa Clara County is a global economic center for high technology and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world (after Zurich, Switzerland and Oslo, Norway), according to the Brookings Institution.[5] The county's concentration of wealth, primarily due to the tech industry, has made it the most affluent county on the West Coast of the United States and one of the most affluent places in America.[6][7]

Santa Clara County is part of the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area. Located at the southern end of the San Francisco Bay, the highly urbanized Santa Clara Valley within Santa Clara County is also known as Silicon Valley. Santa Clara is the most populous county in the San Francisco Bay Area and in Northern California, and is one of the most affluent counties in the United States.

Etymology[edit]

Santa Clara County Government Center in Central San Jose.

Santa Clara County is named after Mission Santa Clara, which was established in 1777 and was in turn named for Saint Clare of Assisi.

History[edit]

Main article: History of Santa Clara County, California

Santa Clara County was one of the original counties of California, formed in 1850 at the time of statehood. The original inhabitants included the Ohlone, residing on Coyote Creek and Calaveras Creek. Part of the county's territory was given to Alameda County in 1853.

In 1882, Santa Clara County tried to levy taxes upon property of the Southern Pacific Railroad within county boundaries. The result was the U.S. Supreme Court case of Santa Clara County v. Southern Pacific Railroad, 118 U.S. 394 (1886), in which the Court extended Due Process rights to artificial legal entities.

In the early 20th Century, the area was promoted as the "Valley of the Heart's Delight" due to its natural beauty, including a significant number of orchards.[8]

The first major technology company to be based in the area was Hewlett-Packard, founded in a garage in Palo Alto in 1939. IBM selected San Jose as its West Coast headquarters in 1943. Varian Associates, Fairchild Semiconductor, and other early innovators were located in the county by the late 1940s and 1950s. The U.S. Navy had a large presence in the area and began giving large contracts to Silicon Valley electronics companies. The term "Silicon Valley" was coined in 1971. The trend accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s, and agriculture has since then been nearly eliminated from the northern part of the county. Today, Santa Clara County is the headquarters for approximately 6500 high technology companies, including many of the largest tech companies in the world, among them hardware manufacturers AMD, Cisco Systems and Intel, computer and consumer electronics companies Apple Inc. and Hewlett-Packard, and internet companies eBay, Google, and Yahoo!. Most of what is considered to be Silicon Valley is located within the county, although some adjoining tech regions in San Mateo, (e.g., Facebook), Alameda, and Santa Cruz counties are also considered a part of Silicon Valley.

Geography[edit]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,304 square miles (3,380 km2), of which 1,290 square miles (3,300 km2) is land and 14 square miles (36 km2) (1.1%) is water.[9]

Counties which border with Santa Clara County are, clockwise, Santa Cruz County, San Mateo County, Alameda, Stanislaus, Merced, and San Benito. Santa Clara County does not share a border with San Joaquin and Monterey counties, but it comes within a few miles of those counties.

The San Andreas Fault runs along the Santa Cruz Mountains in the south and west of the county.

National protected area[edit]

Ecology[edit]

Tule elk roam the Diablo Range and are often seen on Coyote Ridge from U.S. Highway 101 - courtesy Bill Leikam
Three tule elk just north of U. S. Highway 101 in Basking Ridge Park. The freeway is a barrier to elk migration to the Coast Range. Courtesy Craige Edgerton

In 1978, California Department of Fish and Game warden Henry Coletto urged the department to choose the Mount Hamilton area as one of California's relocation sites under a new statewide effort to restore tule elk (Cervus canadensis ssp. nannodes). While other ranchers refused, tech pioneers Bill Hewlett and David Packard allowed Coletto and state biologists to translocate 32 tule elk from the Owens Valley in the eastern Sierra onto the 28,000-acre (11,000 ha) San Felipe Ranch, which the families jointly own, in the hills east of Morgan Hill.[10] From the three original 1978–1981 translocations to the Mount Hamilton region of the Diablo Range, there are multiple herds in different locations including the Isabel Valley, San Antonio Valley, Livermore area, San Felipe Ranch, Metcalf Canyon, Coyote Ridge, Anderson Lake, and surrounding areas. As of 2012, an estimated 400 tule elk roam 1,875 square kilometres (724 sq mi) in northeastern Santa Clara County and southeastern Alameda County.[11] As of 2017 there are four herds in the Coyote Ridge area, often visible from U. S. Highway 101, according to Craige Edgerton, recently retired executive director of the Silicon Valley Land Conservancy and local naturalist Michael Hundt.[12]

The Nature Conservancy "Mount Hamilton Project" has acquired or put under conservation easement 100,000 acres (40,000 ha) of land towards its 500,000 acres (200,000 ha) goal for habitat conservation within a 1,200,000 acres (490,000 ha) area encompassing much of eastern Santa Clara County as well as portions of southern Alameda County, western Merced and Stanislaus Counties, and northern San Benito County. Acquisitions to date include the 1,756-acre (711 ha) Rancho Cañada de Pala, straddling the Alameda Creek and Coyote Creek watersheds for California tiger salamander habitat; a conservation easement on the 3,259-acre Blue Oak Ranch Reserve, which abuts the north side of Joseph D. Grant County Park; a conservation easement on the 28,359-acre San Felipe Ranch, connecting Joseph D. Grant County Park with Henry W. Coe State Park; the 2,899-acre South Valley Ranch which protects a tule elk herd in the San Antonio Valley, and other properties.[13][14]

As of 1980, Santa Clara County has the highest number of Superfund Sites of any county in the United States, accounting for 25 polluted locations requiring a long-term response to clean up hazardous material contaminations.[15][16] The vast majority of these Superfund sites were caused by firms associated with the high tech sector located in Silicon Valley.[17]

Demographics[edit]

2011-2014[edit]

Thematic map showing median household income across central Santa Clara County

As of 2013, Santa Clara County has the highest median household income of any county in California at $84,741.[18]

Places by population, race, and income[edit]

2010[edit]

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
186011,912—
187026,246120.3%
188035,03933.5%
189048,00537.0%
190060,21625.4%
191083,53938.7%
1920100,67620.5%
1930145,11844.1%
1940174,94920.6%
1950290,54766.1%
1960642,315121.1%
19701,064,71465.8%
19801,295,07121.6%
19901,497,57715.6%
20001,682,58512.4%
20101,781,6425.9%
Est. 20171,938,153[4]8.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[26]
1790–1960[27] 1900–1990[28]
1990–2000[29] 2010–2015[3]

The 2010 United States Census reported that Santa Clara County had a population of 1,781,642. The ethnic makeup of Santa Clara County was 836,616 (47.0%) White, 46,428 (2.6%) African American, 12,960 (0.7%) Native American, 570,524 (32.0%) Asian, 7,060 (0.4%) Pacific Islander, 220,806 (12.4%) from other races, and 87,248 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 479,210 persons (26.9%) of the population.[30]

2010
Total Population 1,781,642 - 100.0%
One Race 1,694,394 - 95.1%
Not Hispanic or Latino 1,302,432 - 73.1%
White alone 626,909 - 35.2%
Black or African American alone 42,331 - 2.4%
American Indian and Alaska Native alone 4,042 - 0.2%
Asian alone 565,466 - 31.7%
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 6,252 - 0.4%
Some other race alone 3,877 - 0.2%
Two or more races alone 53,555 - 3.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 479,210 - 26.9%

Demographic profile[31]

The largest ancestry groups were:

2000[edit]

As of the census[32] of 2000, there are 1,682,585 people, 565,863 households, and 395,538 families residing in the county. The population density is 503/km² (1,304/mi²). There are 579,329 housing units at an average density of 173/km² (449/mi²). The ethnic makeup of the county is 53.8% White, 2.8% Black or African American, 0.7% Native American, 25.6% Asian, 0.3% Pacific Islander, 12.1% from other races, and 4.7% from two or more races. 24.0% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 565,863 households out of which 34.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.9% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% were non-families. 21.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.41.

In the county, the population was spread out with 24.7% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 35.4% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 102.80 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $74,335, and the median income for a family was $81,717. Males had a median income of $56,240 versus $40,574 for females. The per capita income for the county was $32,795. About 4.9% of families and 7.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.4% of those under age 18 and 6.4% of those age 65 or over.

Government[edit]

Santa Clara County has five elected supervisors, elected within their districts.

The county is one among three counties in California (with Napa and Madera) to establish a separate department, the Santa Clara County Department of Corrections, to deal with corrections pursuant to California Government Code §23013.

The county also pays the $340,000 salary and benefits of the California state Department of Social Services director, which is reimbursed by the state, skirting the $165,000 state law cap for the position.[33]

In the United States House of Representatives, Santa Clara County is split between 4 congressional districts:[34]

In the California State Senate, the county is split between 4 legislative districts:[36]

In the California State Assembly, the county is split between 6 legislative districts:[37]

Voters in the county also elect a number of other officials to county-wide positions, including the Santa Clara County District Attorney, the Santa Clara County Sheriff, and a large number of criminal and civil judges that serve in courts throughout the county.

Politics[edit]

Historically, Santa Clara County was a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. From 1892 until 1988, the only Democrats to carry Santa Clara County were Franklin Roosevelt, Lyndon Johnson, and Hubert Humphrey. Since 1988, Santa Clara County has been a Democratic stronghold in presidential and congressional elections. The last Republican to win a majority in the county was Ronald Reagan in 1984. While Republicans remained competitive at the state and local level throughout the 1990s, there are currently no elected Republicans representing significant parts of the county above the county level.

Presidential elections results
Santa Clara County vote
by party in presidential elections[38]
Year GOP DEM Others
2016 20.58% 144,826 72.71% 511,684 6.71% 47,199
2012 27.14% 174,843 69.97% 450,818 2.89% 18,616
2008 28.55% 190,039 69.45% 462,241 2.00% 13,309
2004 34.63% 209,094 63.94% 386,100 1.43% 8,622
2000 34.44% 188,750 60.66% 332,490 4.91% 26,889
1996 32.16% 168,291 56.88% 297,639 10.96% 57,361
1992 28.38% 170,870 49.21% 296,265 22.41% 134,920
1988 46.99% 254,442 51.30% 277,810 1.71% 9,276
1984 54.81% 288,638 43.65% 229,865 1.54% 8,136
1980 48.02% 229,048 35.01% 166,995 16.98% 80,960
1976 49.46% 219,188 46.94% 208,023 3.59% 15,927
1972 51.90% 237,334 45.60% 208,506 2.50% 11,453
1968 45.61% 163,446 48.42% 173,511 5.97% 21,410
1964 36.63% 117,420 63.10% 202,249 0.27% 858
1960 52.67% 131,735 47.05% 117,667 0.28% 690
1956 59.09% 105,657 40.56% 72,528 0.35% 633
1952 59.74% 91,940 39.66% 61,035 0.61% 932
1948 53.25% 52,982 42.11% 41,905 4.64% 4,615
1944 47.04% 39,409 52.36% 43,869 0.60% 499
1940 49.20% 40,100 49.63% 40,449 1.16% 947
1936 40.41% 26,498 58.48% 38,346 1.12% 732
1932 47.54% 27,353 49.14% 28,272 3.31% 1,906
1928 63.81% 31,710 35.39% 17,589 0.79% 395
1924 58.02% 20,056 7.41% 2,560 34.57% 11,952
1920 68.09% 19,565 22.57% 6,485 9.33% 2,682
1916 50.77% 16,592 43.40% 14,185 5.83% 1,904
1912 0.75% 173 39.64% 9,173 59.61% 13,793
1908 58.88% 7,950 28.41% 3,836 12.71% 1,716
1904 66.10% 8,274 24.77% 3,100 9.13% 1,143
1900 58.25% 7,107 37.76% 4,607 3.98% 486
1896 53.51% 6,315 43.99% 5,191 2.50% 295
1892 44.48% 4,620 40.12% 4,167 15.40% 1,600
Gubernatorial elections results
Santa Clara County vote
by party in gubernatorial elections
Year GOP DEM
2014 27.1% 107,113 72.9% 288,732
2010 34.9% 178,695 61.3% 314,022
2006 52.2% 225,132 42.9% 185,037
2003 39.2% 160,807 39.9% 163,768
2002 32.4% 116,862 55.3% 199,399
1998 31.7% 133,015 64.3% 270,105
1994 47.5% 212,075 47.5% 211,904
1990 42.6% 178,310 52.2% 218,843
1986 59.9% 227,285 37.6% 142,907
1982 44.0% 180,232 52.9% 216,781
1978 29.8% 110,444 61.4% 227,493
1974 46.7% 153,761 50.6% 166,760
1970 51.5% 172,562 46.1% 154,570
1966 55.4% 164,970 44.6% 132,793
1962 47.6% 112,700 51.2% 121,149

As of November 2012, all of the cities, towns, and the unincorporated areas of Santa Clara County have more registered Democrats than Republicans.[39] In the 2008 US Presidential Election, Democratic nominee Barack Obama carried every city and town in the county, as well as the unincorporated areas.[40]

Following the passage of Proposition 8, Santa Clara County joined San Francisco and Los Angeles in a lawsuit, becoming, along with San Francisco and Los Angeles, the first governmental entities in the world to sue for same-sex marriage.[41]

Voter registration[edit]

Cities by population and voter registration[edit]

Crime[edit]

The following table includes the number of incidents reported and the rate per 1,000 persons for each type of offense.

Cities by population and crime rates[edit]

Economy[edit]

The county's economy is heavily service based. Technology, both hardware and software, dominates the service sector by value, but like any other county, Santa Clara has its share of retail and office support workers.

The San Jose/Sunnyvale/Santa Clara metropolitan region, comprising Santa Clara County and San Benito County, was ranked as the highest performing metropolitan area in the US in 2012, ahead of Austin, Texas and Raleigh, North Carolina, according to the Milken Institute.[45] The GDP of the metro area reached $176.7 billion in 2011, or $94,587 per capita,[46] roughly on par with Qatar in both total GDP and per capita (nominal).[47] GDP grew a strong 7.7% in 2011, and in contrast with most of California, GDP and per capita GDP (nominal) is well above 2007 (financial crisis) levels. Despite relative wealth vis a vis other regions nationally, a large underclass exists whose income is roughly equivalent to that elsewhere in the country, despite extreme land prices. The surge in metro GDP is highly correlated with home prices, which for average single-family homes passed $1 million ($1,017,528) in August 2013.[48]

Libraries[edit]

Santa Clara County Library, is a public library system serving the communities and cities of Campbell, Cupertino, Gilroy, Los Altos, Los Altos Hills, Milpitas, Monte Sereno, Morgan Hill, Saratoga, and all unincorporated areas of the county.[49] All other cities run their own library system.

Transportation[edit]

Air[edit]

Southwest Airlines aircraft parked at Norman Y. Mineta San José International Airport

The county's main airport is Norman Y. Mineta San José International Airport (SJC). It is a U.S. Customs and Border Protection port of entry[50] and as of 2016 has eight international routes (one to Canada, one to England, one to Germany, one to Japan, two to Mexico, and two to China) but the airport's busiest routes are all to cities in the western United States. San Francisco International Airport (SFO) is also often used for commercial services by residents of Santa Clara County.

Moffett Federal Airfield (NUQ), a former U.S. Naval Air Station, is used by the Air National Guard, NASA, Lockheed Martin, Google, and by the San Jose Police and Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department as an air operations base.[51] There are also smaller general aviation airports in Palo Alto (PAO), San Jose (Reid-Hillview) (RHV), and San Martin(E16)

Rail[edit]

Santa Clara Station, 2012

Santa Clara County is served by Caltrain commuter rail from Gilroy through San Jose and Silicon Valley north to San Francisco Airport and San Francisco. The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority operates the VTA light rail system, which primarily serves San Jose, with one line continuing as far north as Mountain View. Santa Clara and San Jose are also served by the Altamont Corridor Express commuter rail line which provides services to Stockton, and Amtrak which provides service to Sacramento and Oakland. The Amtrak Coast Starlight train between Seattle and Los Angeles also stops in San Jose. In the future, BART will provide service to San Jose and Santa Clara.

Road[edit]

VTA bus arriving at Foothill College in Los Altos Hills

Buses[edit]

Santa Clara County has consolidated its transportation services into the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, which operates a bus system.

Bicycle network[edit]

The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority is establishing a bicycle network throughout the county. Santa Clara County Bicycle network is part of the San Francisco Bay Area Regional Bikeway Network.

Freeways and expressways[edit]

The county has an extensive freeway system and a separate expressway system (though it’s not as extensive as those in Southern California). Expressways in California are distinct from freeways; although access to adjoining properties is eliminated, at-grade intersections are allowed. However, unlike expressways virtually everywhere else in California, the Santa Clara County expressways were built, signed, and maintained as county roads; they are not maintained by Caltrans, although they are patrolled by the California Highway Patrol.

There is also a large street network dominated by four- and six-lane arterials. Some of the newer boulevards (primarily in the West Valley) are divided with landscaped medians.

Major highways[edit]
Main article: State highways in California
County routes[edit]
See also: List of county routes in Santa Clara County, California
Other roads[edit]

Sea[edit]

The county has no commercial seaports, although small boats can access San Francisco Bay from several points. Like many other Bay Area counties, it is dependent upon the Port of Oakland for transport of ocean cargo.

Jails[edit]

Santa Clara County Department of Correction is administered by the county's sheriff's office and overseas the following facilities:

  • Santa Clara County Main Jail[52]
    • Main Jail South (up to 674 men)
    • Main Jail North (up to 919 men)
  • Elmwood Correctional Facility (up to 600 women, 2,500 men)[53]
  • North County Jail (day use only for Palo Alto courthouse)
  • Juvenile Detention[54]
    • Santa Clara County Juvenile Hall (up to 390 boys and girls)
    • William F. James Boys Ranch (up to 96 teenage boys)

Parks[edit]

Main article: Santa Clara County Parks and Recreation Department

Santa Clara County has an extensive park system, much of it founded in the major park expansion of the late 1970s. Parks within the county include:

Open space preserves include:

Santa Clara County also contains Ulistac Natural Area, a volunteer maintained natural open space. Foreign and invasive species are removed when possible as native plants are introduced. Migratory birds and butterflies often use this area.

Sister counties[edit]

To promote friendship and understanding and to build bridges with countries of origin for various ethnic populations in the county, the County of Santa Clara has created a Sister County Commission to coordinate the program. As of 2009, there are three sister counties:[55]

Communities[edit]

Atherton is the 1st most expensive place to live in the United States.
Los Altos is the 3rd most expensive zip code in the United States.[56]
Palo Alto is the 5th most educated city[57] and the 5th most expensive zip code in the United States.[58]
Morgan Hill is the 17th most expensive place to live in the United States.[62]
Los Gatos is the 33rd wealthiest city in the United States.[61]
Saratoga is the 16th most educated and the 8th wealthiest city in the United States.[59][60]

Cities[edit]

There are 13 cities in Santa Clara County, they are...

Towns[edit]

Note: There is no legal difference between cities and towns in California; incorporated places are free to use either term in their official names.

Census-designated places[edit]

Unincorporated communities[edit]

Former townships[edit]

Population ranking[edit]

The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2010 census of Santa Clara County.[63]

† county seat

Rank City/Town/etc. Municipal type Population (2010 Census)

1 † San Jose City 945,942
2 Sunnyvale City 140,081
3 Santa Clara City 116,468
4 Mountain View City 74,066
5 Milpitas City 66,790
6 Palo Alto City 64,403
7 Cupertino City 58,302
8 Gilroy City 48,821
9 Campbell City 39,349
10 Morgan Hill City 37,882
11 Saratoga City 29,926
12 Los Gatos Town 29,413
13 Los Altos City 28,976
14 Alum Rock CDP 15,536
15 Stanford CDP 13,809
16 East Foothills CDP 8,269
17 Los Altos Hills Town 7,922
18 San Martin CDP 7,027
19 Burbank CDP 4,926
20 Monte Sereno City 3,341
21 Cambrian Park CDP 3,282
22 Loyola CDP 3,261
23 Lexington Hills CDP 2,421
24 Fruitdale CDP 935

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Other = Some other race + Two or more races
  2. ^ Native American = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander + American Indian or Alaska Native
  3. ^ a b Percentage of registered voters with respect to total population. Percentages of party members with respect to registered voters follow.
  4. ^ Only larceny-theft cases involving property over $400 in value are reported as property crimes.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Chronology". California State Association of Counties. Retrieved February 6, 2015.
  2. ^ "Mount Hamilton". Peakbagger.com. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
  3. ^ a b c "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved Mar 25, 2016.
  4. ^ a b "American FactFinder". Retrieved April 6, 2018.
  5. ^ Silicon Valley Business Journal – San Jose Area has World's Third-Highest GDP Per Capita, Brookings Says
  6. ^ "Richest Counties In The United States".
  7. ^ Levy, Francesca (March 4, 2010). "America's 25 Richest Counties".
  8. ^ Automobiles: Good Roads. Sunset. 32. 1914. p. 918.
  9. ^ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
  10. ^ "Restoration of tule elk - California success story". Billings Gazette. December 6, 2006. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
  11. ^ Julie Phillips; Ryan Phillips; Neela Srinivasan; Deborah Aso; Wendy Lao & Pat Cornely (2012). Safe Passage for the Coyote Valley - A Wildlife Linkage for the Highway 101 Corridor (PDF) (Report). De Anza College. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
  12. ^ Lisa M. Krieger (November 27, 2017). "With elk on rebound, California releases new management plan". The San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved February 18, 2018.
  13. ^ "California: Mount Hamilton". The Nature Conservancy. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
  14. ^ Draft Environmental Impact Report and Environmental Impact Statement for the Santa Clara Valley Habitat Plan (PDF) (Report). County of Santa Clara, City of San José, City of Morgan Hill, City of Gilroy, Santa Clara Valley Water District, Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority. December 2010. Retrieved January 27, 2013.
  15. ^ P.L. 96-510, 42 U.S.C. §§ 9601–9675, December 11, 1980.
  16. ^ "US Superfund Sites". Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved August 7, 2013.
  17. ^ "EPA Region 9 Superfund Site Overview". Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
  18. ^ "Median household income". County Health Rankings. Retrieved 2016-03-15.
  19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B02001. American FactFinder. Retrieved October 26, 2013.
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  21. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, Table B19301. American FactFinder. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
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  24. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey, 2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. American FactFinder. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
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  27. ^ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
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  29. ^ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved October 4, 2015.
  30. ^ "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau.
  31. ^ http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov "Demographic Profile Bay Area Census" Check |url= value (help).
  32. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  33. ^ Goldmacher, Shane (May 14, 2011). "California's social services chief wins lucrative pay deal". Los Angeles Times.
  34. ^ "Counties by County and by District". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
  35. ^ "California's 20th Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
  36. ^ "Communities of Interest - Counties". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
  37. ^ "Communities of Interest - Counties". California Citizens Redistricting Commission. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
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External links[edit]


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