Asha Bhosle
Asha Bhosle, is an Indian playback singer. She is best known for her playback singing in Hindi cinema. Bhosle's career has spanned over six decades, she has done playback singing for over a thousand Bollywood movies. In addition, she has recorded several private albums and participated in numerous solo concerts in India and abroad. Bhosle is the sister of playback singer Lata Mangeshkar. Renowned for her voice range and credited for her versatility, Bhosle's work includes film music, ghazals, traditional Indian classical music, folk songs and Rabindra Sangeets. Apart from Hindi, she has sung in over 20 Indian and foreign languages. In 2006, Asha Bhosle stated that she had sung over 12,000 songs, a figure repeated by several other sources. In 2011, she was acknowledged by the Guinness Book of World Records as the most recorded artist in music history; the Government of India honoured her with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award in 2000 and the Padma Vibhushan in 2008. In 2013, she made her debut as an actress in the film Mai, received critical acclaim for her performance.
Asha Bhosle was born in the small hamlet of Goar in Sangli in the salute princely state of Sangli, into the musical family of Master Deenanath Mangeshkar, who belongs to the Marathi-speaking Gomantak Maratha Samaj. Her father was an actor and classical singer on Marathi Musical stage; when she was nine years old, her father died. The family moved from Pune to Kolhapur and to Mumbai, she and her elder sister Lata Mangeshkar began acting in films to support their family. She sang her first film song'"Chala Chala Nav Bala" for the Marathi film Majha Bal; the music for the film was composed by Datta Davjekar. She made her Hindi film debut, her first solo Hindi film song was for the movie Raat Ki Raani. At the age of 16, she eloped with 31-year-old Ganpatrao Bhosle, marrying him against her family's wishes. In the early 1960s, prominent playback singers like Geeta Dutt, Shamshad Begum, Lata Mangeshkar dominated the singing for the female lead and the big films. Asha used to get the assignments they refused: singing for the bad girls and vamps, or songs in the second-grade movies.
In the 1950s, she sang more songs than most playback singers in Bollywood. Most of these were in low budget B- or C-grade films, her earliest songs were composed by A R Qureshi, Sajjad Hussain, Ghulam Mohammed, most of these songs failed to do well. Singing in Sangdil, composed by Sajjad Hussain, she got reasonable recognition. Film director Bimal Roy gave her a chance to sing in Parineeta. Raj Kapoor signed her to sing "Nanhe Munne Bachche" with Mohammed Rafi in Boot Polish, which gained popularity. O. P. Nayyar gave Asha a break in CID, she first achieved success in B. R. Chopra's Naya Daur, composed by him, her duets with Rafi like "Maang Ke Saath Tumhara", "Saathi Haath Badhana" and "Uden Jab Jab Zulfein Teri", penned by Sahir Ludhianvi, earned her recognition. It was the first time. Chopra approached her for several of his productions, including Gumrah, Hamraaz, Aadmi Aur Insaan and Dhund. Nayyar's future collaboration with Bhosle resulted in success, she established her status and received the patronage of such composers as Sachin Dev Burman and Ravi.
Bhosle and Nayyar had a personal parting of ways in the 1970s. In 1966, Bhosle's performances in the duets from one of music director R. D. Burman's first soundtracks, for the movie Teesri Manzil, won popular acclaim; when she first heard the dance number "Aaja Aaja", she felt she would not be able to sing this westernised tune. While Burman offered to change the music, she refused, she completed the song after ten days of rehearsals, "Aaja Aaja", along with such other songs as "O Haseena Zulfonwali" and "O Mere Sona Re", became successful. Shammi Kapoor, the film's leading actor, was once quoted as saying– "If I did not have Mohammad Rafi to sing for me, I would have got Asha Bhosle to do the job". Bhosle's collaboration with Burman resulted in a marriage. During the 1960-70s, she was the voice of Bollywood's actress and dancer, Helen, on whom "O Haseena Zulfon Wali" was picturised, it is said that Helen would attend her recording sessions so that she could understand the song better and plan dance steps accordingly.
Some of their other popular numbers include "Piya Tu Ab To Aaja" and "Yeh Mera Dil", among others. By the 1980s, although regarded for her abilities and versatility, had sometimes been stereotyped as a "cabaret singer" and a "pop crooner". In 1981 she attempted a different genre by singing several ghazals for the Rekha-starrer Umrao Jaan, including "Dil Cheez Kya Hai", "In Aankhon Ki Masti Ke", "Yeh Kya Jagah Hai Doston" and "Justaju Jiski Thi"; the film's music director Khayyam, had lowered her pitch by half a note. Bhosle herself expressed surprise; the ghazals won her the first National Film Award of her career. A few years she won another National Award for the song "Mera Kuchh Saamaan" from Ijaazat. In 1995, 62-year-old Bhosle sang for actress Urmila Matondkar in the movie Rangeela; the soundtrack featured songs like "Tanha Tanha" and "Rangeela Re" sung by her, composed by music director A. R. Rahman, who would go on to record several songs with her. During the 2000s, several of Bhosle's numbers became chartbusters, including "Radha Kaise Na Jale" from Lagaan, "Kambakht
M. Balamuralikrishna
Mangalampalli Balamuralikrishna was an Indian Carnatic vocalist, multi-instrumentalist, playback singer and character actor. He was awarded the Madras Music Academy's Sangeetha Kalanidhi in 1978, he has garnered two National Film Awards, the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1975, the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian honor in 1991, for his contribution towards arts, the Mahatma Gandhi Silver Medal from UNESCO in 1995, the Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Government in 2005, the Sangeetha Kalanidhi by Madras Music Academy, the Sangeetha Kalasikhamani in 1991, by the Fine Arts Society, Chennai to name a few. Balamuralikrishna started his career at the age of six. Up to the present time, he has given over 25,000 concerts worldwide, he accompanied Pandit Bhimsen Joshi, gave jugalbandi concerts with Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia, Pandit Ajoy Chakrabarty and Kishori Amonkar, among others. He is known for popularizing the compositions of Sri Bhadrachala Ramadasu and Sri Annamacharya.
Balamuralikrishna's concerts combine sophisticated vocal skills and rhythmic patterns of classical music with the popular demand for entertainment value. Balamuralikrishna has been invited to give concerts in many countries, including the US, Canada, UK, France, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Middle East and many more. Apart from his native tongue, his works include ones in other languages like Kannada, Tamil, Hindi and Punjabi, he appeared as featured soloist with an award-winning British choir, performing the "Gitanjali Suite" with words from Rabindranath Tagore's Nobel Prize-winning poetry and music by "Dr. Joel", the noted UK-based Goan composer, his clear diction in several languages prompted an invitation to record Tagore's entire Rabindra Sangeet compositions in Bengali, preserving them for posterity. He has sung in French, ventured into jazz fusion, collaborating with the top Carnatic percussion teacher, Sri T. H. Subash Chandran, in a concert for Malaysian royalty. In February 2010, he did a three-day concert in Visakhapatnam.
Balamuralikrishna was born in Madras Presidency. His father was a well known musician and his mother was a veena player. Balamuralikrishna's mother died when he was raised by his father. Observing his interest in music, his father put him under the tutelage of Parupalli Ramakrishnayya Pantulu, a direct descendant of the shishya parampara of Tyagaraja. Under his guidance, the young Balamuralikrishna learned Carnatic music. At the age of eight, he gave his first full-fledged concert at a Thyagaraja Aradhana in Vijayawada. Musunuri Suryanarayana Murty Bhagavatar, a Harikatha performer, saw the musical talent in him and gave the prefix "Bala" to the young Balamuralikrishna. Balamuralikrishna thus began his musical career at a young age. By the age of fifteen he had mastered all the 72 melakartha ragas and had composed krithis in the same; the Janaka Raga Manjari was published in 1952 and recorded as Raagaanga Ravali in a nine-volume series by the Sangeeta Recording Company. Not content with his fame as a Carnatic vocalist soon started playing the kanjira, mridangam and violin.
He accompanied various musicians in violin and is noted to give solo viola concerts. Characteristic of Balamuralikrishna's musical journey has been his non-conformism, spirit of experimentation and boundless creativity. Balamuralikrishna has experimented with Carnatic music system by keeping its rich tradition untouched. Ragas like Ganapathi, Mahati, Lavangi etc. are credited to him. The ragas which he invented represent his quest for new frontiers. Ragas like Lavangi are set to four notes in ascending and descending scale. Ragas created by him, like Mahathi, Sidhdhi, Sumukham have only four notes, he innovated the tala system. He has incorporated "gati bhEdam" in the "sashabda kriya" part of the existing Tala chain, thus throwing open a new chain of Tala system. Saint Arunagirinaadhar used to inject such systems in his famous Thirupugazh, but only as Sandham, while Balamuralikrishna is known to be the pioneer in bringing such Sandhams into a logical rhythm, with Angam and definition. Thri Mukhi, Saptha Mukhi and Nava Mukhi are the basic classifications he has for his New Tala System.
He gave his authorisation to S. Ram Bharati to found "Academy of Performing Arts and Research" in Switzerland and is working on music therapy, he established the'MBK Trust' with the objective of developing art and culture and for carrying out extensive research into music therapy. A dance and music school,'Vipanchee' is a part of this Trust. Balamuralikrishna has over 400 compositions to his credit and is one of the few people to have composed in all the 72 Melakarta Ragas and has created several ragas, with 4 notes and 3 notes and has invented a new Tala system, his compositions encompass every facet in Carnatic Music that includes Varnas, Thillanas, Bhavageethas. Balamuralikrishna has sung in several films in Telugu, Sanskrit and Tamil, he made his acting debut with the Telugu film Bhakta Prahlada as Narada, has acted in few films in Telugu and Tamil. Balamuralikrishna died at his residence in Chennai on 22 November 2016, his end came in deep sleep at around five in the evening, due to a cardiac arrest.
He was cremated with full state honours at Besant Nagar Crematoriu
Lahore
Lahore is a city in the Pakistani province of Punjab. Lahore is the country's second-most populous city after Karachi, is one of Pakistan's wealthiest cities with an estimated GDP of $58.14 billion as of 2015. Lahore is the largest city, historic cultural centre of the Punjab region, one of Pakistan's most liberal and cosmopolitan cities. Lahore's origins reach into antiquity; the city has been controlled by numerous empires throughout the course of its history, including the Hindu Shahis, Ghaznavids and Delhi Sultanate by the medieval era. Lahore reached the height of its splendour under the Mughal Empire between the late 16th and early 18th century, served as its capital city for a number of years; the city was captured by the forces of the Afsharid ruler Nader Shah in 1739, fell into a period of decay while being contested between the Afghans and the Sikhs. Lahore became capital of the Sikh Empire in the early 19th century, regained much of its lost grandeur. Lahore was annexed to the British Empire, made capital of British Punjab.
Lahore was central to the independence movements of both India and Pakistan, with the city being the site of both the declaration of Indian Independence, the resolution calling for the establishment of Pakistan. Lahore experienced some of the worst rioting during the Partition period preceding Pakistan's independence. Following independence in 1947, Lahore was declared capital of Pakistan's Punjab province. Lahore exerts a strong cultural influence over Pakistan. Lahore is a major centre for Pakistan's publishing industry, remains the foremost centre of Pakistan's literary scene; the city is a major centre of education in Pakistan, with some of Pakistan's leading universities based in the city. Lahore is home to Pakistan's film industry, is a major centre of Qawwali music; the city hosts much of Pakistan's tourist industry, with major attractions including the Walled City, the famous Badshahi and Wazir Khan mosques and Sikh shrines. Lahore is home to the Lahore Fort and Shalimar Gardens, both of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The origins of Lahore's name are unclear. Lahore's name had been recorded by early Muslim historians as Lōhar, Lōhār, Rahwar. Al-Biruni referred to the city as Lohāwar in his 11th century work, while the poet Amir Khusrow, who lived during the Delhi Sultanate, recorded the city's name as Lāhanūr. Medieval Rajput sources recorded the city's name as Lavkot. One theory suggests that Lahore's name is a corruption of the word Ravāwar, as R to L shifts are common in languages derived from Sanskrit. Ravāwar is the simplified pronunciation of the name Iravatyāwar - a name derived from the Ravi River, known as the Iravati River in the Vedas. Another theory suggests the city's name may derive from the word Lohar, meaning "blacksmith."According to Hindu legend, Lahore's name derives from Lavpur or Lavapuri, is said to have been founded by Prince Lava, the son of Sita and Rama. The same account attributes the founding of nearby Kasur by his twin brother Prince Kusha, Historic record shows, that Kasur was founded by Pashtun migrants in 1525.
No definitive records exist to elucidate Lahore's earliest history, Lahore's ambiguous early history have given rise to various theories about its establishment and history. Hindu mythology states that Keneksen, the founder of the mythological Suryavansha dynasty, is believed to have migrated out from the city. Early records of Lahore are scant, but Alexander the Great's historians make no mention of any city near Lahore's location during his invasion in 326 BCE, suggesting the city had not been founded by that point, or was unimportant. Ptolemy mentions in his Geographia a city called Labokla situated near the Chenab and Ravi River which may have been in reference to ancient Lahore, or an abandoned predecessor of the city. Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang gave a vivid description of a large and prosperous unnamed city when he visited the region in 630 CE, identified as Lahore; the first document that mentions Lahore by name is the Hudud al-'Alam, written in 982 C. E. in which Lahore is mentioned as a town which had "impressive temples, large markets and huge orchards."Few other references to Lahore remain from before its capture by the Ghaznavid Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni in the 11th century.
Lahore appears to have served as the capital of Punjab during this time under Anandapala of the Kabul Shahi empire, who had moved the capital there from Waihind. The capital would be moved to Sialkot following Ghaznavid incursions. Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni captured Lahore on an uncertain date, but under Ghaznavid rule, Lahore emerged as the empire's second capital. In 1021, Sultan Mahmud appointed Malik Ayaz to the Throne of Lahore—a governorship of the Ghaznavid Empire; the city was captured by Nialtigin, the rebellious Governor of Multan, in 1034, although his forces were expelled by Malik Ayaz in 1036. With the support of Sultan Ibrahim Ghaznavi, Malik Ayaz rebuilt and repopulated the city, devastated after the Ghaznavid invasion. Ayaz erected city walls and a masonry fort built in 1037–1040 on the ruins of the previous one, demolished during the Ghaznavid invasion. A confederation of Hindu princes unsuccessfully laid siege to Lahore in 1043-44 during Ayaz' rule; the city became a academic centre, renowned for poetry under Malik Ayaz' reign.
Lahore was formally made the eastern capital of the Ghaznavid empire in 1152, under the reign of Khusrau Shah. The city became the sole capital of the Ghaznavid empire in 1163 after the fall of Ghazni; the entire city of Lahore during the medieval Ghaznavid era was probably
Hariprasad Chaurasia
Hariprasad Chaurasia is an Indian music director and classical flutist, who plays the bansuri, an Indian bamboo flute, in the Hindustani classical tradition. Chaurasia was born in Prayagraj in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, his mother died when he was 6. He had to learn music without his father's knowledge, he did go to the Akhada and train with his father for some time, although he started learning music and practising at his friend's house. He has stated, I was not any good at wrestling. I went there only to please my father, but maybe because of the strength and stamina I built up I'm able to play the bansuri to this day. Chaurasia started learning vocal music from his neighbour, Rajaram, at the age of 15, he switched to playing the flute under the tutelage of Bholanath Prasanna of Varanasi for eight years. He joined the All India Radio, Odisha in 1957 and worked as a composer and performer. Much while working for All India Radio, he received guidance from the reclusive Annapurna Devi, daughter of Baba Allaudin Khan.
She only agreed to teach him. Another version is that she only agreed to teach him after he took the decision to switch from right-handed to left-handed playing to show her his commitment. In any case Chaurasia plays left-handed to this day. Apart from classical music, Hariprasad has collaborated with Shivkumar Sharma, forming a group called Shiv-Hari; the pair composed music for many popular movies, including Silsila and Chandni, created some popular songs. Pandit Chaurasia collaborated with Odia musician Bhubaneswar Mishra, forming the pair "Bhuban-Hari", the pair composed music for many Odia movies, creating numerous songs that were hugely popular in the state; these include Muje janena kaha baata. Pandit Chaurasia's nephew and pupil Rakesh Chaurasia is a accomplished flutist now, has been performing globally with such eminent maestros as Ustad Zakir Hussain, he serves as the artistic director of the World Music Department at the Rotterdam Music Conservatory in the Netherlands. He was the founder of the Vrindavan Gurukul in Mumbai and Vrindavan Gurukul in Bhubaneshwar.
Both of these institutes are schools dedicated to training students in bansuri in the Guru-shishya tradition. He has collaborated with several western musicians, including John McLaughlin, Jan Garbarek, Ken Lauber, has composed music for Indian films. Chaurasia played on The Beatles' 1968 B-side "The Inner Light", written by George Harrison. Chaurasia was married to Anuradha, he has three sons Vinay and Rajiv, five granddaughters and a single grandson. The 2013 documentary film Bansuri Guru features the life and legacy of Chaurasia and was directed by the musician's son Rajeev Chaurasia and produced by the Films Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. Sangeet Natak Academy - 1984 Konark Samman - 1992 Padma Bhushan - 1992 Yash Bharati Samman - 1994 Padma Vibhushan - 2000 Pandit Chatur Lal Excellence Award - 2015 Hafiz Ali Khan Award - 2000 Dinanath Mangeshkar Award - 2000 Pune Pandit Award - 2008, by The Art & Music Foundation, India Akshaya Samman - 2009 Honorary Doctorate, North Orissa University - 2008 Honorary Doctorate, Utkal University - 2011 National Eminence award, NADA VIDYA BHARTI by Visakha Music and Dance Academy, Vizag - 2009 The 25 Greatest Global Living Legends In India by NDTV - 2013 Official biography "Woodwinds of Change" by Surjit Singh - 2008'Hariprasad Chaurasia and the Art of Improvisation', by Henri Tournier These are major albums released by Pandit Hariprasad Chaurasia 1967Call of the Valley with Shivkumar Sharma and Brij Bhushan Kabra1978Krishnadhwani 601981Pt.
Hariprasad Chaurasia - Flute1984Pt. Hariprasad Chaurasia - Flute 1987Morning to Midnight Ragas - Morning Ragas1988Call of the Valley1989Venu Live in Ahmedabad'891990Immortal Series1991Megh Malhar1992Night Ragas Live in Amsterdam'92 Morning to Midnight Ragas - Afternoon Ragas All time Favourites Live from Sawai Gandharva Music Festival - Video Raga-s DU Nord Et Du Sud Immortal Series - Flute Fantasia1993Indian Classical Masters Daylight Ragas Flute - Hariprasad Chaurasia1994Thumri - The Music of Love In A Mellow Mood Possession Immortal Series - Devine Drupad Classic Greats1 - Ideas on Flute1995In Live Concert Cascades of Hindustani Music Maharishi Gandharva Veda - Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasia - 4am to 7am Raga Bhairava: Integration Maharishi Gandharva Veda - Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasia - 7am to 10am Raga Gurjari Todi: Compassion Maharishi Gandharva Veda - Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasia - 10am to 1pm Raga Vrindavani Saranga: Greater Energy Maharishi Gandharva Veda - Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasia - 1pm to 4pm Raga Multani: Affuence Maharishi Gandharva Veda - Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasia - 4pm to 7pm Raga Marwa: Coherence Maharishi Gandharva Veda - Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasia - 7pm to 10pm Raga Desh: Joy Maharishi Gandharva Veda - Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasia - 10pm to 1am Raga Abhogi: Peaceful Slumber Maharishi Gandharva Veda - Pandit Hari Prasad Chaurasia - 1am to 4am Raga Sindhu Bhairavi: Gentleness Hariprasad Chaurasia - Flute Malhar-Chandrika Music 157 - Live in London Music - Flute Great Jugalbandis Music from the world of OSHO - Above & Beyond Prem Yog Written on the Wind Romantic Themes Saptarishi - Live at Siri Fort The Mystical Flute of Hari Prasad Chaurasia Maestro's Choice Basant Bahar Chaurasia's Choice1996Hari Prasad Chaurasia & his Divine Flute Flute Recital Valley Recalls - In search of Peace and Harmony Krishna's
Bhupen Hazarika
Bhupen Hazarika was an Indian playback singer, musician, singer and film-maker from Assam known as Sudhakantha. His songs and sung in the Assamese language by himself, are marked by humanity and universal brotherhood and have been translated and sung in many languages, most notably in Bengali and Hindi, his songs, based on the themes of communal amity, universal justice and empathy, have become popular among the people of Assam, besides West Bengal and Bangladesh. He is acknowledged to have introduced the culture and folk music of Assam and Northeast India to Hindi cinema at the national level, he received the National Film Award for Best Music Direction in 1975. Recipient of Sangeet Natak Akademi Award and Padmabhushan, Hazarika was awarded with Dada Saheb Phalke Award, India's highest award in cinema, by the Government of India and Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, the highest award of the Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's The National Academy for Music and Drama, he was posthumously awarded the Padma Vibhushan, India's second-highest civilian award, in 2012.
Hazarika held the position of the Chairman of the Sangeet Natak Akademi from December 1998 to December 2003. He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian award, in 2019. Hazarika, who made fame as a musician, was born on 8 September 1926 to Nilakanta and Shantipriya Hazarika in Sadiya, Assam, his father was from Nazira, a town located in Sivasagar district. The eldest of ten children, Bhupen Hazarika was exposed to the musical influence of his mother, who exposed him to lullabies and traditional Music of Assam, his father moved to the Bharalumukh region of Guwahati in 1929, in search of better prospects, where Bhupen Hazarika spent his early childhood. In 1932 his father further moved to Dhubri, in 1935 to Tezpur, it was in Tezpur that Bhupen Hazarika 10 years of age, was discovered by Jyotiprasad Agarwala, the noted Assamese lyricist and the first Assames Filmmaker and Bishnu Prasad Rabha, renowned Assamese artist and revolutionary poet, where he sang a Borgeet, taught by his mother at a public function.
In 1936, Bhupen Hazarika accompanied them to Kolkata where he recorded his first song at the Aurora Studio for the Selona Company. His association with the icons of Assamese Culture at Tezpur was the beginning of his artistic growth and credentials. Subsequently, Hazarika sang two songs in Agarwala's film Indramalati: Kaxote Kolosi Loi and Biswo Bijoyi Naujawan at the age of 12, he wrote his first song, Agnijugor Firingoti Moi at the age of 13 and he was well on his way to becoming a lyricist and singer. Hazarika studied at Sonaram High School at Guwahati, Dhubri Government High School and matriculated from Tezpur High School in 1940, he completed his Intermediate Arts from Cotton College in 1942, his BA and MA in Political Science from Banaras Hindu University. For a brief period he worked at All India Radio, Guwahati when he won a scholarship from Columbia University and set sail for New York in 1949. There he earned a PhD on his thesis "Proposals for Preparing India's Basic Education to use Audio-Visual Techniques in Adult Education".
In New York Bhupen Hazarika befriended Paul Robeson, a prominent civil rights activist, who influenced him in his song Bistirno parore, based on the imagery and theme of Robeson's Ol' Man River. This song is translated in various Indian languages, including Bengali and Hindi and sung by the artist himself, is still popular. Being inspired from some other foreign ones, he composed several other songs in Indian languages, he was exposed to the Spiritual, the multi-lingual version of We are in the Same Boat Brother became a regular feature in his stage performance. At Columbia University, he met Priyamvada Patel, whom he married in 1950. Tez Hazarika, their only child, was born in 1952, he returned to India in 1953. Famous quote by Sudhakantha for Bishnu Prasad Rabha - "বিষ্ণুপ্ৰসাদ ৰাভা ঠিকাদাৰ নহয়, মন্ত্ৰীও নহয়, সত্ৰাধিকাৰো নহয়, নাস্তিকো নহয়, খাটি মহাপুৰুষীয়া যদিও...মাছ মাংস খায়, ২৫০০ বিঘা মাটিৰ জমিদাৰ হৈও পুঁজিপতি নহয়, মাটিও নাই...গেৰুৱা বসন নিপিন্ধে যদিও সন্ন্যাসী, বিশ্ববিদ্যালয়ত দহোটা-পাচোটা গৱেষণা কৰা নাছিল যদিও গৱেষক বুৰঞ্জীবিদ নৃতত্ববিদ্, বিপ্লবী যদিও ৰোমেণ্টিক, জাতি বিচাৰ নামানে যদিও ধনী দুখীয়াৰ জাতি বিচাৰ মানে, তিনিটা সন্তানৰ পিতৃ যদিও গতানুগতিক সংসাৰী নহয়, কমিউনিষ্ট হ.
After completing his MA he worked at the All India Radio station at Guwahati before embarking for his doctoral studies at Columbia University. His thesis "DEMYSTIFYING DR. BHUPEN HAZARIKA: envisioning education for India", edited by Tej Hazarika and published by Cool Grove Press will be available in the US in days. Soon after completing his education, he became a teacher at the Gauhati University, but after a few years, he left the job and went to Kolkata where he established himself as a successful music director and singer. During that period, Hazarika made several award-winning Assamese films such as Shakuntala, etc. and com
Diego Rivera
Diego María de la Concepción Juan Nepomuceno Estanislao de la Rivera y Barrientos Acosta y Rodríguez, known as Diego Rivera was a prominent Mexican painter. His large frescoes helped establish the Mexican mural movement in Mexican art. Between 1922 and 1953, Rivera painted murals in, among other places, Mexico City, Cuernavaca, San Francisco and New York City. In 1931, a retrospective exhibition of his works was held at the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Rivera had a volatile marriage with fellow Mexican artist Frida Kahlo. Rivera was born in Guanajuato, Mexico, to a well-to-do family, the son of María del Pilar Barrientos and Diego Rivera Acosta. Diego had a twin brother named Carlos. Rivera was said to have Converso ancestry. Rivera wrote in 1935: "My Jewishness is the dominant element in my life." Rivera began drawing at the age of three, a year after his twin brother's death. He had been caught drawing on the walls, his parents, rather than punishing him, installed chalkboards and canvas on the walls.
As an adult, he married Angelina Beloff in 1911, she gave birth to a son, Diego. Maria Vorobieff-Stebelska gave birth to a daughter named Marika in 1918 or 1919 when Rivera was married to Angelina, he married his second wife, Guadalupe Marín, in June 1922, with whom he had two daughters: Ruth and Guadalupe. He was still married, they married on August 21, 1929 when he was 42 and she was 22. Their mutual infidelities and his violent temper led to divorce in 1939, but they remarried December 8, 1940 in San Francisco. Rivera married Emma Hurtado, his agent since 1946, on July 29, 1955, one year after Kahlo's death. Rivera was an atheist, his mural Dreams of a Sunday in the Alameda depicted Ignacio Ramírez holding a sign which read, "God does not exist". This work caused a furor; the painting was not shown for nine years --. He stated: "To affirm'God does not exist', I do not have to hide behind Don Ignacio Ramírez, he was sponsored to continue study in Europe by Teodoro A. Dehesa Méndez, the governor of the State of Veracruz.
After arrival in Europe in 1907, Rivera went to study with Eduardo Chicharro in Madrid and from there went to Paris, France, to live and work with the great gathering of artists in Montparnasse at La Ruche, where his friend Amedeo Modigliani painted his portrait in 1914. His circle of close friends, which included Ilya Ehrenburg, Chaim Soutine, Amedeo Modigliani and Modigliani's wife Jeanne Hébuterne, Max Jacob, gallery owner Léopold Zborowski, Moise Kisling, was captured for posterity by Marie Vorobieff-Stebelska in her painting "Homage to Friends from Montparnasse". In those years, Paris was witnessing the beginning of Cubism in paintings by such eminent painters as Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque and Juan Gris. From 1913 to 1917, Rivera enthusiastically embraced this new school of art. Around 1917, inspired by Paul Cézanne's paintings, Rivera shifted toward Post-Impressionism with simple forms and large patches of vivid colors, his paintings began to attract attention, he was able to display them at several exhibitions.
Rivera died on November 24, 1957. In 1920, urged by Alberto J. Pani, the Mexican ambassador to France, Rivera left France and traveled through Italy studying its art, including Renaissance frescoes. After José Vasconcelos became Minister of Education, Rivera returned to Mexico in 1921 to become involved in the government sponsored Mexican mural program planned by Vasconcelos. See Mexican muralism; the program included such Mexican artists as José Clemente Orozco, David Alfaro Siqueiros, Rufino Tamayo, the French artist Jean Charlot. In January 1922, he painted – experimentally in encaustic – his first significant mural Creation in the Bolívar Auditorium of the National Preparatory School in Mexico City while guarding himself with a pistol against right-wing students. In the autumn of 1922, Rivera participated in the founding of the Revolutionary Union of Technical Workers and Sculptors, that year he joined the Mexican Communist Party, his murals, subsequently painted in fresco only, dealt with Mexican society and reflected the country's 1910 Revolution.
Rivera developed his own native style based on large, simplified figures and bold colors with an Aztec influence present in murals at the Secretariat of Public Education in Mexico City begun in September 1922, intended to consist of one hundred and twenty-four frescoes, finished in 1928. His art, in a fashion similar to the steles of the Maya, tells stories; the mural En el Arsenal shows on the right-hand side Tina Modotti holding an ammunition belt and facing Julio Antonio Mella, in a light hat, Vittorio Vidali behind in a black hat. However, the En el Arsenal detail shown does not include the right-hand side described nor any of the three individuals mentioned. Leon Trotsky lived with Kahlo for several months while exiled in Mexico; some of Rivera's most famous murals are featured at the National School of Agriculture at Chapingo near Texcoco, in the Cortés Palace in Cuernav
Bismillah Khan
Ustad Qamruddin "Bismillah" Khan referred to by the title Ustad, was an Indian musician credited with popularizing the shehnai, a subcontinental wind instrument of the oboe class. While the shehnai had long held importance as a folk instrument played schooled intraditional ceremonies, Khan is credited with elevating its status and bringing it to the concert stage, he was awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, in 2001, becoming the third classical musician after M. S. Subbulakshmi and Ravi Shankar to be accorded this distinction. On his 102nd birthday, Google honored Bismillah Khan with a Google doodle. Khan was born on 21 March 1916 into a family of traditional Muslim musicians in Bhirung Raut Ki Gali, Dumraon, in what is now the eastern Indian state of Bihar, as the second son of Paigambar Baksh Khan and Mitthan, his father was a court musician employed in the court of Maharaja Keshav Prasad Singh of Dumraon Estate in Bihar. His grandfather Ustad Salar Hussain Khan and grandfather Rasool Baksh Khan were musicians in the Dumraon palace.
He was named Qamruddin at birth. Upon seeing the new born, his grandfather Rasool Baksh Khan a shehnai player, is said to have exclaimed "Bismillah", or "In the name of Allah", thereafter he came to be known by this name. At the age of six he moved to Varanasi in the state of Uttar Pradesh, to be apprenticed to his maternal uncle, Ali Baksh'Vilayatu' Khan, a shehnai player attached to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple. In 1932, at the age of 16, he entered into an arranged marriage with a cousin. Khan was a pious Muslim, was a symbol of communal harmony. Khan was single-handedly responsible for making the shehnai a famous classical instrument, he brought the Shehnai to the center stage of Indian music with his concert in the Calcutta, known as Kolkata in All India Music Conference in the year 1937. He was credited with having the monopoly over the instrument as he and the shehnai are synonyms. Khan is one of the finest musicians in Indian classical music, he played the shehnai to audiences across the world.
He was known to be so devoted to his art form that he referred to shehnai as his begum after his wife died. On his death, as an honour, his shehnai was buried with him, he was known for his vision of spreading love through music. Khan had the rare honour of performing at Delhi's Red Fort on the eve of India's Independence in 1947, he performed raga Kafi from the Red Fort on the eve of India's first Republic Day ceremony, on 26 January 1950. His recital had become a cultural part of India's Independence Day celebrations, telecast on Doordarshan every year on 15 August. After the prime minister's speech from Lal Qila in Old Delhi, Doordarshan would broadcast a live performance by the shehnai maestro; this tradition dated from the days of Jawaharlal Nehru. Khan had a brief association with movies, he played the shehnai for super star Rajkumar's role of Appanna in the Kannada movie Sanaadi Appanna which became a blockbuster. He provided sound of shehnai in Goonj Uthi Shehnai. Noted director Goutam Ghose directed a documentary about the life of Khan.
In the 1967 film The Graduate, there is a poster advertising "Bismillah Khan and the seven musicians" on a street of Berkeley, California. He as a five year old, played gilli danda near a pond in the ancient estate of Dumraon in Bihar, he would go to the nearby Biharji temple to sing the Bhojpuri'Chaita', at the end of which he would earn a big laddu weighing 1.25kg, a prize given by the local Maharaja. Khan attributed his skill to the blessings of Lord Vishwanath, believed that there was little that he could teach his disciples. Khan accepted students, he thought that if he would be able to share his knowledge it wouldn't be useful as it would only give his students a little knowledge. Some of his followers include S. Ballesh, as well as Khan's own sons, Nazim Hussain and Nayyar Hussain. On 17 August 2006, Bismillah Khan's health deteriorated and he was admitted to the Heritage Hospital, Varanasi for treatment. Ustad's last wish – to perform at India Gate, could not be fulfilled, he wanted to pay tributes to the martyrs.
He waited in vain till his last rites He died after four days on 21 August 2006 because of a cardiac arrest. He is survived by five daughters, three sons and a large number of grandchildren and great-grandchildren, his adopted daughter Soma Ghosh; the Government of India declared a day of national mourning on his death. His body along with a Shehnai was buried at Fatemaan burial ground of old Varanasi under a neem tree with a 21-gun salute from the Indian Army. Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi, instituted the Ustad Bismillah Khan Yuva Puraskar in 2007, in his honour, it is given to young artists in the field of music and dance. Bismillah Khan was commemorated on his 102nd birth anniversary by Search Engine Google which showed a special doodle on its Indian home page for him on 21 March 2018; the Government of Bihar has proposed setting up of a museum, a town hall-cum-library and installation of a life-size statue at his birthplace in Dumraon. In the film, Eric Clapton: Life in 12 Bars, Clapton cites Bismillah Khan as an influence and how he tried to use his guitar to imitate the music of Khan's woodwind instrument.
Bharat Ratna. Fellow of Sangeet Natak Akademi. Tahar Mausique from Republic of Iran. Padma Vibhushan Padma Bhushan Padma Shri Sangeet Natak Akademi Award Tansen Award by Govt. of Madhya Pradesh. Three medals in All India Music Conference, Calcutta
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