1.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
2.
Bonnie Tyler
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Bonnie Tyler is a Welsh singer, known for her distinctive husky voice. Tyler came to prominence with the release of her 1977 album The World Starts Tonight and its singles Lost in France and her 1978 single Its a Heartache reached number four on the UK Singles Chart, and number three on the US Billboard Hot 100. In the 1980s, Tyler ventured into music with songwriter and producer Jim Steinman. He wrote Tylers biggest hit Total Eclipse of the Heart, the single from her 1983 UK chart topping album Faster Than the Speed of Night. Steinman also wrote Tylers other major 1980s hit Holding Out for a Hero and she had success in mainland Europe during the 1990s with Dieter Bohlen, who wrote and produced her hit Bitterblue. In 2003, Tyler re-recorded Total Eclipse of the Heart with singer Kareen Antonn and their bilingual duet topped the French charts. Her latest album Rocks and Honey was released in 2013 and features the single Believe in Me which she performed representing the United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest 2013. Both Its a Heartache and Total Eclipse of the Heart are among the singles of all time. Her work has earned her three Grammy Award nominations and three Brit Award nominations, among other accolades, Tyler was born Gaynor Hopkins in Skewen, Wales, to coal miner Glyndwr and housewife Elsie Hopkins. She grew up in a council house with three sisters and two brothers. Her siblings had varied music tastes, exposing her to such as Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra. Hopkins and her family were deeply religious Protestants and her first public performance took place in a chapel as a child, singing the Anglican hymn All Things Bright and Beautiful. Leaving school with no qualifications, Hopkins began working in a grocery shop. In 1969, she entered a talent contest, and after coming in second place, was inspired to pursue a career in singing. Responding to an advertisement, she found work as a backing singer for Bobby Wayne & the Dixies before forming her own soul band called Imagination. It was around this time that she changed her name to Sherene Davis in order to avoid being confused with Welsh folk singer Mary Hopkin. In 1975, Davis was spotted singing with her band in the Townsman Club, Swansea, by talent scout Roger Bell, after many months had passed, she received a phone call from RCA Records, offering her a recording contract. They also recommended that she change her name again, after compiling a list of surnames and Christian names from a newspaper, Davis found a new name in Bonnie Tyler
3.
Hide Your Heart
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Hide Your Heart, is the seventh studio album by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler. It was released on 9 May 1988, by Columbia Records, the album was recorded in Woodstock, New York, and produced by Desmond Child. Unlike Tylers previous two releases, the failed to chart on the Billboard 200, but did see success in Europe. The album features the song Hide Your Heart written by Paul Stanley, Desmond Child and this song was later covered three times in 1989 Ace Frehleys Trouble Walkin, Robin Becks Trouble Or Nothin, and Molly Hatchets Lightning Strikes Twice. And performed in 1989 by Paul Stanley with Kiss on their Hot in the Shade album, also included are Bonnie Tylers remake of Turners 1986 b-side Dont Turn Around, and the Bee Gees To Love Somebody, a hit two years later for Jimmy Somerville. Hide Your Heart was recorded at the Bearsville Studios in Woodstock, Desmond Child had received a budget from CBS Records to write and produce three songs for Tylers next album. Within a few days, they recorded an album on that budget. I begged the musicians to stay overtime, Child recalled in a 2013 interview, bass guitarist Seth Glassman and lead guitarist John McCurry swapped instruments to record Turtle Blues, which was not planned to feature on the album. The song was recorded at 2 a. m. after a jamming session, McCurry overdubbed the guitar solo after the song was recorded. Turtle Blues was originally written and recorded by Janis Joplin for her 1968 album Cheap Thrills with Big Brother, Tyler recorded her vocals in the same booth as Joplins original version. Additional recording took place at The Hit Factory and Right Track in New York City, Hide Your Heart received generally positive from music critics. Mario Tarradell of The Miami News described Tyler as revitalized after her work with Jim Steinman, Tarradell added that Tyler isnt always blessed with the best material and has been a victim of a roller-coaster career, but described the album as an impressive return to rock music. Curt Anderson of Bangor Daily News agreed that Turtle Blues is the album highlight and he also opined that Tylers cover of To Love Somebody is better than the original. He did argue, however, that the album is over-produced and he concluded, saying that the track Notes from America sounds like much of the commercial rock n roll on the radio, and that its a shame isnt singing more memorable music. Tylers first single from the album was The Best, which was the best performing single, reaching #10 in Norway and Portugal, #34 in Spain and #95 in the UK. Other singles included Hide Your Heart, Save Up All Your Tears, Dont Turn Around, and the U. S. title track Notes From America
4.
A-side and B-side
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The terms A-side and B-side refer to the two sides of 78,45, and 33 1/3 rpm phonograph records, whether singles, extended plays, or long-playing records. Creedence Clearwater Revival had hits with both A-side and B-side releases, others took the opposite approach, producer Phil Spector was in the habit of filling B-sides with on-the-spot instrumentals that no one would confuse with the A-side. With this practice, Spector was assured that airplay was focused on the side he wanted to be the hit side, the earliest 10-inch,78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double-sided recordings, with one song on side, were introduced in Europe by Columbia Records. There were no record charts until the 1930s, and radio stations did not play recorded music until the 1950s, in this time, A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, the side did not convey anything about the content of the record. The term single came into use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side, under this random system, many artists had so-called double-sided hits, where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts, or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places. As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. By the early sixties, the song on the A-side was the song that the company wanted radio stations to play. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom. In the late 1960s stereo versions of pop and rock songs began to appear on 45s. The majority of the 45s were played on AM radio stations, by the early 1970s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, with the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the dominant medium. However, the term B-side is still used to refer to the tracks or coupling tracks on a CD single. With the advent of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other media have declined. B-side songs may be released on the record as a single to provide extra value for money. There are several types of material released in this way, including a different version, or, in a concept record
5.
The Hit Factory
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The Hit Factory was a recording studio in New York City famous for its clientele. It closed on April 1,2005, the building is now the headquarters of Music Theatre International. However, other Hit Factory studio locations remained open, such as in Miami, the New York facility was purchased from Jerry Ragovoy by Edward Germano on March 6,1975. From 1989 to 1993, the company also operated The Hit Factory London, after Germanos death in 2003, the business was taken over by his wife Janice Germano. Hit Factory was closed on April 1,2005, the last album to be recorded there was Octavarium by Dream Theater. The business base of operations moved to the remaining Hit Factory Criteria Miami in March 2005, in a statement, The Hit Factory acknowledged the industry is moving away from large-scale studios to destination locations like Miami that offer sunny weather and a hot nightlife. In December 2006 Stribling and Assocs, a New York real-estate broker, twenty-seven loft-style apartments went on sale, including six duplexes. Prices started at about $1 million, the developers have said that there will continue to be rehearsal space for musicians on the ground floor. In 2011, New York Knicks basketball player Carmelo Anthony and his wife, entertainer La La Vazquez, the studios occupied several spaces in and around Times Square and Midtown West after Germanos purchase. Locations included Hit Factory Times Square at 130 West 42nd Street, Hit Factory Broadway, at 237 West 54th Street, the Hit Factory Broadway, located between Broadway and Eighth Avenue, was a four-studio complex that housed a mix of Solid State Logic and Neve VR-series consoles. The Hit Factory Mastering facility at 421 West 54th street was opened in 1992 and all moved there. To avoid confusion, studio names at the new location were given instead of the more-traditional letters. The Hit Factory Broadway closed in early 2002, as new studios were planned in the main Hit Factory Mastering facility, the main studio facility at 421 West 54th Street occupied most of a 100, 000+ square foot building. Studio 1 occupied the top floor of the building and included four overdub booths. The control room was equipped with an 80-input Solid State Logic 9000J as the centerpiece, the lounge was also a flexible space, with room for a large orchestra or cast party, coat room, green room, office, production room, gym and several storage areas. On July 24,2002, it opened Studios 6 and 7, each studio contained a 48-channel Pro Tools MIXPlus system, a Sony 3348 HR, two Studer A827s, Lexicon 960L and 480L reverbs, and outboard racks tailored for surround mixing. Studio 7 was designed as a room, with a small booth adjacent to the control room. Custom Augspurger monitors featured dual 15-inch TAD drivers, horns and 18-inch hidden stereo subs, studio 6 had a silver color scheme, also with custom Augspurgers and silver credenza ends in the control room, and a circle Hit Factory Studios logo at the back of studio
6.
Columbia Records
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Columbia Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. the United States division of Sony Corporation. It was founded in 1887, evolving from an enterprise named the American Graphophone Company. Columbia is the oldest surviving brand name in the sound business. Columbia Records went on to release records by an array of singers, instrumentalists. It is one of Sony Musics three flagship record labels alongside RCA Records and Epic Records, rather, as above, it was connected to CBS, a broadcasting media company which had purchased the company in 1938, and had been co-founded in 1927 by Columbia Records itself. Though Arista Records was sold to Bertelsmann Music Group, it would become a sister label of Columbia Records through its mutual connection to Sony Music. The Columbia Phonograph Company was founded in 1887 by stenographer, lawyer and New Jersey native Edward Easton and it derived its name from the District of Columbia, where it was headquartered. At first it had a monopoly on sales and service of Edison phonographs and phonograph cylinders in Washington. As was the custom of some of the regional companies, Columbia produced many commercial cylinder recordings of its own. Columbias ties to Edison and the North American Phonograph Company were severed in 1894 with the North American Phonograph Companys breakup, thereafter it sold only records and phonographs of its own manufacture. In 1902, Columbia introduced the XP record, a brown wax record. According to Gracyk, the molded brown waxes may have sold to Sears for distribution. Columbia began selling records and phonographs in addition to the cylinder system in 1901, preceded only by their Toy Graphophone of 1899. For a decade, Columbia competed with both the Edison Phonograph Company cylinders and the Victor Talking Machine Company disc records as one of the top three names in American recorded sound. In order to add prestige to its catalog of artists. The firm also introduced the internal-horn Grafonola to compete with the extremely popular Victrola sold by the rival Victor Talking Machine Company, during this era, Columbia used the famous Magic Notes logo—a pair of sixteenth notes in a circle—both in the United States and overseas. Columbia was split into two companies, one to make records and one to make players, Columbia Phonograph was moved to Connecticut, and Ed Easton went with it. Eventually it was renamed the Dictaphone Corporation, in late 1923, Columbia went into receivership
7.
Sony Music
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Sony Music Entertainment is an American music company owned by Sony. It is incorporated as a partnership of Sony Music Holdings Inc. through Sony Entertainment. The company was first founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation in 1938, in 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records. Sony Corporation bought the company in 1987 and renamed it Sony Music Entertainment in 1991, the buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Sony Music Entertainment is one of the Big Three record companies, being the second largest after Universal Music Group, in 1929, ARC was founded through a merger of several record companies. In 1934, in the midst of Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company, ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System, which, in turn, had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off. ARC was renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, RCA Victor Records executive Ted Wallerstein convinced CBS head William S. Paley to buy ARC and Paley made Wallerstein head of the newly acquired record company. The renamed company made Columbia its flagship label and Okeh its subsidiary label and this allowed ARCs leased labels Brunswick Records and Vocalion Records to revert to their former owner Warner Bros. which sold them to Decca Records. Columbia kept the Brunswick catalogue recorded from December 1931 onward on the Columbia label and he was succeeded by James Conkling as head of Columbia Records. In 1951, Columbia severed its ties with the EMI-owned record label of the same name, Okeh Records continued to be distributed by EMI on the Columbia label. Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953 and in 1956, Conkling left Columbia and he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. His successor, Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company, and in 1958, Columbia founded another label, Date Records, which initially issued rockabilly music. In 1960, Columbia/CBS began negotiations with its international distributor Philips Records with the goal of starting its own global record company. Philips acquisition of US-based Mercury Records in 1961 paved the way for this, elsewhere, CBSs Mexican record company, Discos Columbia, was renamed Discos CBS by 1963. In 1964, Columbia set out acquiring record companies in countries for its CBS Records International Unit. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution. In late 1965, the Date subsidiary label was revived and this label released the first string of hits for Peaches & Herb and scored a few minor hits from various other artists. Dates biggest success was Time of the Season by the Zombies, the label was discontinued in 1970
8.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
9.
Diane Warren
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Diane Eve Warren is an American songwriter. She rose to prominence in 1983 and has written songs for and with multiple music artists. Warren has had nine songs and 32 Top 10 songs on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Additionally, two of the top 13 hits in the Hot 100s 57-year history were written by her, Warren is the first songwriter in the history of Billboard magazine to have seven hits, all by different artists, on the singles chart at the same time. Her success in the US has been paralleled in the UK, Warren has won a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, a Golden Globe Award, three consecutive Billboard Music Awards for Songwriter of the Year and several other accolades. She has been inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame and received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Warren owns a publishing company, Realsongs, which gives her control over her compositions. Her familys surname Warren was originally Wolfberg, but her father changed the name because it sounded too Jewish, Warren says she was rebellious as a child and told NPRs Scott Simon that she got into trouble and ran away as a teen but returned because she missed her cat. As a child, Warren loved listening to the radio and dreamed of performing on the radio herself and she was also influenced by music through her parents and her two older sisters who would play music. She began writing music when she was 11 but took a serious approach at 14. Warren has said that her mother asked her to give up her dream of a songwriting career, however, her father continued to believe in her and encouraged her. In addition, he bought her a 12-string guitar and a shed for her to practice. She wrote the song Because You Loved Me as a tribute to her father for his encouragement and she briefly attended college at Los Angeles Pierce College and California State University, Northridge but considered it a waste and spent more of her time writing songs while attending. Warrens first hit was Solitaire, which Laura Branigan took to No.7 in the US pop charts in 1983, shes actually more like the Emily Dickinson of Pop. As in the case of the great nineteenth-century reclusive New England poet known for her simple yet eloquent verses, the original name for her publishing company, Realsongs, was Warren Piece because War and Peace was already taken. In 1998, Realsongs and its partner, EMI Music Publishing, distributed A Passion For Music. EMI Musics London office assisted in distributing 1,200 copies of the box set primarily to the film and television industry for consideration in soundtracks and it was not marketed to consumers. As of 2011, Warrens music has appeared in the soundtracks of over 60 films and she was awarded a star in the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2001. The Diane Warren Foundation, in conjunction with the ASCAP Foundation, the initiative provides sheet music, band arrangements, folios, and method books to each of the schools that are already recipients of musical instruments from the VH1 Save the Music Foundation
10.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
11.
Hide Your Heart (song)
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Hide Your Heart is a song by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler, released on her 1988 album Hide Your Heart. The song is written by Kiss rhythm guitarist and vocalist Paul Stanley, Desmond Child, although the song failed to chart, it has appeared on several compilations. Written by Paul Stanley, Desmond Child, Holly Knight, Hide Your Heart was originally rejected for Kiss 1987 album Crazy Nights, Stanley offered the song to other artists, with Bonnie Tyler recording it first for her album Hide Your Heart. The song later appeared on Hot in the Shade, the same month Ace Frehleys Trouble Walkin album was released also features a cover of Hide Your Heart. The first version was by Molly Hatchet on their album Lightning Strikes Twice, the second version was by former Kiss guitarist Ace Frehley, featured on his fourth studio album Trouble Walkin which was released only four days before Kiss Hot in the Shade. The last version of the song was by Robin Beck, released on November 9 on her album Trouble Or Nothin, a music video was filmed on top of the Hotel Royale in Los Angeles. The song wasnt a big success on radio, charting its highest number 59 in the United Kingdom and it was however a very popular music video on MTV. Paul Stanley performed the song during his 2006 solo tour in support of his album Live to Win and appears on his live album/DVD One Live Kiss
12.
Don't Turn Around
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Dont Turn Around is a popular song written by Albert Hammond and Diane Warren. It was originally recorded by Tina Turner as the B-side to the single Typical Male in 1986, Warren is said to have been disappointed that Turners record company treated the song as a B-side and never included it on one of her albums. However it has since included on the rarities disc of the 1994 compilation The Collected Recordings – Sixties to Nineties. It has been covered by a number of artists, most notably Aswad in 1988, british reggae group Aswad heard Luther Ingrams version and made a cover of it. It was released on February 10,1988 and went to one on the UK Singles Chart in March 1988. It also reached number 45 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs in the US that same year, in 1993, Swedish pop group Ace of Base recorded a minor key version of Dont Turn Around for their US debut album, The Sign. It was also included on the re-release of Happy Nation the same year, the song reached number four on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number five on the UK Singles Chart. The song was the third most popular song in the United States in the summer of 1994, Ace of Base filmed a music video for the song directed by Matt Broadley, showing scenes of a couple intertwined with scenes of the band on the beach and in a house. Despite being featured in episodes of her Saturday morning show No. 73, the failed to get into the UK Singles Chart. Bonnie Tyler released her version on her 1988 album Hide Your Heart, loretta Chandler also sung this song on the Mr. Wackys World episode of the 1980s TV show Fame. It was released under the Curb Records label, in 1992, Neil Diamond recorded a version of Dont Turn Around, which made the Top 20 on the Adult Contemporary chart. Also in 1992, Swedish pop singer Tone Norum recorded a version, in 1994, Eyes, this time featuring Jeff Scott Soto on lead vocals, covered the song again on their album Windows of the Soul. In 1998, the Argentinean dance-pop group El Simbolo recorded a Spanish language cover titled No Llores Más from their album No Pares, in 2010, Albert Hammond, co-writer of the song, recorded the song for his album Legend. Dont Turn Around Official music video on YouTube Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
13.
Cher
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Cher is an American singer and actress. Commonly referred to as the Goddess of Pop, she is described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry. Cher gained popularity in 1965 as one-half of the folk rock husband-wife duo Sonny & Cher after their song I Got You Babe reached number one on the American and she began her solo career simultaneously, releasing in 1966 her first million-seller song, Bang Bang. She became a personality in the 1970s with her shows The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour, watched by over 30 million viewers weekly during its three-year run. She emerged as a trendsetter by wearing elaborate outfits on her television shows. While working on television, she established herself as a solo artist with the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 chart-topping singles Gypsys, Tramps & Thieves, Half-Breed, and Dark Lady. After her divorce from Sonny Bono in 1975, Cher launched a comeback in 1979 with the disco-oriented album Take Me Home and earned $300,000 a week for her 1980–82 residency show in Las Vegas. In 1982, Cher made her Broadway debut in the play Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, Jimmy Dean and starred in the film adaptation of the same title. She subsequently earned critical acclaim for her performances in such as Silkwood, Mask. She then revived her career by recording the rock-inflected albums Cher, Heart of Stone. She reached a new peak in 1998 with the album Believe. It also features the use of Auto-Tune, also known as the Cher effect. Her 2002–2005 Living Proof, The Farewell Tour became one of the concert tours of all time. In 2008, she signed a $180 million deal to headline the Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas for three years, after seven years of absence, she returned to film in the 2010 musical Burlesque. Chers first studio album in 12 years, Closer to the Truth, Cher has won a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, an Academy Award, three Golden Globe Awards, a Cannes Film Festival Award, and a special CFDA Fashion Award, among several other honors. Throughout her career, she has sold 100 million records worldwide and she is the only artist to date to have a number-one single on a Billboard chart in each decade from the 1960s to the 2010s. Outside of her music and acting, she is noted for her views, philanthropic endeavors and social activism, including LGBT rights. Cher was born Cherilyn Sarkisian in El Centro, California, on May 20,1946, Chers father was rarely home when she was an infant, and her parents divorced when Cher was ten months old
14.
Freda Payne
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Freda Charcilia Payne is an American singer and actress. Payne is best known for career in music during the mid–1960s through the mid–1980s and her most notable record is her 1970 hit single, Band of Gold. Payne was also an actress in musicals and film, as well as the host of a TV talk show, Payne is the older sister of Scherrie Payne, a former singer with the american vocal group The Supremes. Payne was born in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up listening to different jazz singers, such as Ella Fitzgerald and Billie Holiday. As a teenager, she attended the Detroit Institute of Musical Arts, she began singing radio commercial jingles. In 1963, she moved to New York City and worked many different entertainers, including Quincy Jones, Pearl Bailey. The next year, her album, a jazz recording with arranger Manny Albam entitled After the Lights Go Down Low. In 1965 she toured Europe for the first time recording an album in Sweden with Don Gardner, in 1966 she released her second American album, again in the jazz style, How Do You Say I Dont Love You Anymore, for MGM Records. She also made occasional guest appearances on different television shows including The Merv Griffin Show, in 1969, her old friends back home in Detroit, Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Edward Holland, Jr. persuaded her to sign with their newly formed record label Invictus. During that same year, her first Invictus single, Unhooked Generation, was released, shortly thereafter, Eddie Holland offered her a song entitled Band of Gold, which he along with Brian Holland and Lamont Dozier co-wrote with Ronald Dunbar. In early 1970, the became an instant pop smash reaching #3 in the US and #1 in the UK for six consecutive weeks. Global sales were estimated at two million, an album of the same name proved to be fairly successful as well. Other Invictus singles included Deeper and Deeper, You Brought the Joy, and her other Invictus albums were Contact, The Best of Freda Payne, and her last Invictus album Reaching Out. In 1973, she left Invictus and recorded albums for ABC/Dunhill and Capitol and she recorded a duet I Wanna See You Soon with Capitol stablemates Tavares, which was a radio airplay hit in the UK in 1977. She released three albums for Capitol from 1977 to 1979, Stares And Whispers, Supernatural High. The first one features the disco hit Love Magnet produced by Frank Wilson, in 1981, she briefly hosted her own talk show Todays Black Woman, and also found work acting in different movies, Broadway and other theatre productions throughout the 1980s. In 1990, she recorded three songs for Ian Levines UK Motorcity label, another remake of Band of Gold, Memories and Souvenirs, and Only Minutes Away. She also continued her career appearing in the films, Private Obsession, Ragdoll, Nutty Professor II, The Klumps
15.
Bon Jovi
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Bon Jovi is an American rock band from Sayreville, New Jersey. Formed in 1983, Bon Jovi consists of singer and namesake Jon Bon Jovi, pianist and keyboardist David Bryan, drummer Tico Torres, lead guitarist Phil X. Phil X and McDonald both became members in 2016. In 1986, Bon Jovi achieved widespread global recognition with their third album, the bands fourth album, New Jersey was equally successful in 1988. In 1992, the returned with the album Keep the Faith. Their 2000 single Its My Life, which followed a second hiatus, Bon Jovi have been known to use different styles in their music, which has included country for their 2007 album Lost Highway. Thus far, Bon Jovi has released 13 studio albums, plus six compilations, the band has sold more than 130 million records worldwide and performed more than 2,700 concerts in over 50 countries for more than 34 million fans. Bon Jovi was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2006, Jon Bon Jovi began playing piano and guitar in 1975, at the age of 13, with his first band Raze. At 16, Bon Jovi met David Bryan and formed a band called Atlantic City Expressway, still in his teens, Bon Jovi played in the band John Bongiovi and the Wild Ones, playing local clubs like The Fast Lane, and opening for known acts in the area. By 1980, he formed band, The Rest, and opened up for New Jersey acts such as Southside Johnny. Bon Jovi made several demos—including one produced by Billy Squier—and sent them to record companies and his first professional recording was as lead vocals in R2-D2 We Wish You a Merry Christmas, which was part of the Christmas in the Stars album which his cousin co-produced. In 1983, a then-unknown Bon Jovi visited a local radio station WAPP103. 5FM The Apple in Lake Success, New York, and wrote and sang the jingles for the station. He spoke with DJ Chip Hobart and to the director, John Lassman. Bon Jovi was reluctant, but eventually gave them the song, WAPP worked with WOR-TV in nearby Secaucus, NJ on a music video show, Rock 9 Videos, for a short time in 1984. The studio musicians who helped record Runaway—known as The All Star Review—were guitarist Tim Pierce, keyboardist Roy Bittan, drummer Frankie LaRocka, the song began to get airplay in the New York area, then other sister stations in major markets picked up the song. In March 1983, Bon Jovi called David Bryan, who in turn called bassist Alec John Such, tapped to play lead guitar was Bon Jovis neighbor, Dave Sabo —though he never officially joined the band. He and Jon promised each other that made it first. Sabo later went on to form the group Skid Row, Jon saw and was impressed with hometown guitarist Richie Sambora
16.
Livin' on a Prayer
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Livin on a Prayer is Bon Jovis second chart-topping single from their album Slippery When Wet. 1 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock chart and their second consecutive No.1 Billboard Hot 100 hit, the song has become the bands signature song, topping fan-voted lists and re-charting around the world decades after its release. The original 45-RPM single release sold 800,000 copies in the United States, the official music video has over 300 million views on YouTube. Jon Bon Jovi did not like the recording of this song. The song spent two weeks at one on the Mainstream Rock Tracks, from January 31 to February 14,1987. It also hit number four on the UK singles chart, the album version of the song, timed around 4,10, fades out at the end. However, the video game Guitar Hero World Tour features the songs original studio ending, where the band revisit the intro riff and end with a talk box solo. The original ending is also playable on the video game Rock Band 2. Bon Jovi performed a version as part of the special America. In 2006, online voters rated Livin on a Prayer No.1 on VH1s list of The 100 Greatest Songs of the 80s. More recently, in New Zealand, Livin on a Prayer was No.1 on the C4 music channels show U Choose 40 and it was also No.1 on the Sing-a-long Classics List. Australian music TV channel MAX placed this song at No.18 on their 2008 countdown Rock Songs, in 2009, the song returned to the charts in the UK, notably hitting the number-one spot on the UK Rock Chart. In 2010 the song was chosen in a vote on the Grammy. com website over the groups more recent hits Always. In the Billboard Hot 100 Anniversary 50, Livin on a Prayer was named as 46 in the All time rock songs, after the song was released for download, the song has sold 3.4 million digital copies in the US as of November 2014. The song, including its ending, is also playable on the music video games Guitar Hero World Tour. In November 2013, the song made its return to the Billboard Hot 100 at number 25, the song is about a fictional working class couple, Tommy and Gina, who struggle to make ends meet and maintain their relationship. Tommy used to work on the docks because unions been on strike, Gina works at a diner, workin for her man. Jon Bon Jovi explained that he wrote that song during the Reagan era, Tommy and Gina are also referred to in Bon Jovis 2000 single Its My Life
17.
Total Eclipse of the Heart
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Total Eclipse of the Heart is a song recorded by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler. It was written and produced by Jim Steinman, and released on Tylers fifth studio album, the song was released as a single by Columbia Records on 11 February 1983 in the United Kingdom and on 31 May 1983 in the United States. It was Billboards number-six song of the year for 1983, Tyler visited Steinman in his apartment in New York in April 1982 with her manager, where she was presented with two tracks, Have You Ever Seen the Rain. and Goin Through the Motions. She stated that had she not liked the songs Steinman played for her and she returned to his studio apartment weeks later, where Steinman and Rory Dodd presented Total Eclipse of the Heart to her. He also hand-picked the recording band for the song, Total Eclipse of the Heart had to be shortened for radio play. Tyler did not believe that the song was radio-friendly at its full length, the power ballad remains Tylers most successful song, peaking at No.1 in the United States, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United Kingdom. At its peak, it sold 60,000 copies per day and it won the Variety Club award in the UK for best single of 1983. The song also made number 82 of VH1s top 100 love songs, Steinman said in an interview with Playbill, with Total Eclipse of the Heart, I was trying to come up with a love song and I remembered I actually wrote that to be a vampire love song. Its original title was Vampires in Love because I was working on a musical of Nosferatu, if anyone listens to the lyrics, theyre really like vampire lines. Its all about the darkness, the power of darkness and loves place in dark and he also told People magazine that he thought Tyler sounded like John Fogerty, and wrote the song to be a showpiece for her voice. Tyler described the song as a challenge, stating that she like songs that anybody can sing, I like songs that need a lot of energy. After Steinman presented her with the song she told The Times, I couldnt wait to actually get in and record it. Total Eclipse of the Heart was then given to Bonnie Tyler, Meat Loaf was apparently very annoyed that Jim gave that to me, Tyler stated. But Jim said he didnt write it for Meat Loaf, that he finished it after meeting me. Mike DeGagne from AllMusic described Total Eclipse of the Heart as one of the finest ballads ever to hit radio and he noted the lush instrumentation and said that Tylers voice produced the perfect type of desperate lovelorn effect to suit the romantic lyrics. He described Roy Bittans piano playing as dreamy and described Tylers voice as wonderfully gritty. Donald A. Guarisco, also from AllMusic, reviewed Faster Than the Speed of Night, the video features Bonnie Tyler clad in white, dreaming or fantasizing about her students in a boys boarding school. Young men are dancing and participating in various school activities
18.
Holding Out for a Hero
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Holding Out for a Hero is a song recorded by Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler for the soundtrack to the 1984 film Footloose, and later included on her 1986 album Secret Dreams and Forbidden Fire. It was written by Jim Steinman and Dean Pitchford, initially, the song only just reached the Top 100 in the UK Singles Chart, but made it to number 2 the following year, and re-entered the charts again at number 69 in 1991. The song reached No.1 on the Irish Singles Chart on 28 September 1985 and it reached the top 40 in the United States and Canada. The songs instrumental break was reused from a song by Jim Steinman called Stark Raving Love. Jim Steinman had been recruited to work on the Footloose soundtrack, Steinman suggested Tylers name when he was approached about finding a singer to record the song. Tyler recorded the song at the Paramount Studios, and was shown the scene of the film where the song would feature, the video was produced by Jeffrey Abelson, and directed by Doug Dowdle, with the concept by Keith Williams. It was the second music-video that successfully promoted Footloose while having no movie footage in the video, as the song fades out, the hero cowboy appears in front of Tyler. It was used as the theme for the Channel 4 American Football show in the 1980s. Video performances have also released on Tylers DVDs, Bonnie on Tour. Since the original release in 1984, Tyler has re-recorded the song three times, two versions were released under Stick Music, on her album Simply Believe and EP Bonnie Tyler. She recorded the song again in 2011 on an EP entitled Total Eclipse of the Heart, the song is included as a playable track on Just Dance 2015. Elizabeth Daily recorded the song as the theme song to the TV series Cover Up. Jennifer Saunders recorded the song for the 2004 film Shrek 2 and it also featured on the associated soundtrack. Frou Frou also recorded an alternatively tuned version of the song for Shrek 2 which appears during the film credits, ella Mae Bowen recorded a version of the song on the 2011 remake of Footloose. It also appeared on the soundtrack, becca Tobin and Melissa Benoist performed the song on Glee. It features in the episode Dynamic Duets, and was released as a single, van Canto, a German a capella heavy metal band, recorded a cover of the song for their album Dawn of the Brave. Bandits Shrek 2 Nacho Libre Saints Row, The Third Just Dance 2015 Around the world, in the LGBT community, The Star Observer of Australia deemed the song a dearly-loved gay anthem. Tylers version is heard in a 2017 TV commercial for the Kia Niro that aired during Super Bowl LI on February 5,2017, the ad stars Melissa McCarthy, who travels around the world stopping environmental disasters
19.
Mini CD
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Mini CDs, or pocket CDs, are CDs with a smaller diameter and one third the storage capacity of a standard 120 mm disc. Amongst the various formats are the Mini CD single, a small disc, the format is mainly used for audio CD singles in certain regions, much like the old vinyl single. An 80 mm disc can hold up to 24 minutes of music and they are often referred to as Maxi CDs in some countries. The low density version holds 18 minutes, or 155 MB. Other formats are 185 MB, which has the data density as a 650 MB full-sized CD. Business card CD, a disc with a storage capacity from 30 MB to 100 MB. The long axis is 80 mm while the axis is generally between 58 and 68 mm The disc may be rectangular with wings added on, to square off the rounded 80 mm disc. A variety of laser cut shapes were developed, now, they are known as either Mini CDs or 80 mm CDs. Most tray-loading CD devices have 2 wells, one sized for a regular 120 mm CD, devices that feature a spindle also support MiniCDs, as the disc can simply be placed onto the spindle as with a normal CD. Some vertically aligned tray-loading devices, such as the older pre-slimline PlayStation 2 consoles when placed vertically, a popular adapter model, Memorex 30183001, was discontinued in 2006. Most CD players in the late 1980s and early 1990s didnt handle the Mini CD well and required the use of an adapter, not until after the major record labels discontinued them, did the CD Players start to have the 80 mm wells as standard. Since the mid-1990s, all tray loading players have wells for the Mini CD, Mini CD-R, Mini CD-RW, As of 2007, many manufacturers offer 80 mm CD-R and CD-RW discs for sale in retail electronics and office supply stores. These are sometimes marketed as Pocket CD-R/CD-RW or Mini CD-R, most of the blank discs available in retail hold either 185 MB or 210 MB of data. The mini discs, despite having less weight and plastic, are more expensive than full size CD-R/CD-RW discs. Mini CD Replication Manufacturing, Custom-manufactured Mini CDs with integral data are available to the retail market, the short lived Lid Rock promotion that gave away CD singles on the underside of soda lids from Regal Movie Theaters used Mini CDs. While almost any spindle-based or tray-based CD device can utilize mini CD media, some devices have been designed expressly to use the smaller format, the first shirt-pocket CD player was the Sony D-88. It only played standard PCM audio CDs and it could play 120 mm discs if a guard was moved to allow the disc to protrude from the unit. Memorex offered a portable CD player that matched the form factor for the 80 mm CD, the player could also play Red Book audio content burned onto mini CDs
20.
Mercury Records
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Mercury Records is an American-based record label owned by Universal Music Group. In the United States, it operates through Island Records, in the UK, Mercury Record Corporation was formed in the American city of Chicago in 1945 by Irving Green, Berle Adams, Ray Greenberg and Arthur Talmadge. They were a force in jazz and blues, classical music, rock and roll. Early in the history, Mercury opened two pressing plants, one in Chicago and the other in St. Louis, Missouri. With the use of presses and providing 24-hour turnaround, they went into direct competition with major recording labels such as Columbia, Decca, Capitol. By hiring two promoters, Tiny Hill and Jimmy Hilliard, they penetrated the pop market with such as Frankie Laine, Vic Damone, Tony Fontane. Rather than rely on radio airplay, Mercury initially relied on jukeboxes to promote their music, some early Mercury recordings featured a caricature of him as its logo. In 1947 Jack Rael, a musician and publicist/manager, persuaded Mercury to let Patti Page record a song that had planned to be done by Vic Damone. The budget was too small for them to hire a second singer to provide the parts to Page. The company released a number of recordings under the Mercury label as well as its subsidiaries. In addition, they leased and purchased material by independent labels, under their own label, Mercury released a variety of recording styles from classical music to psychedelic rock. However, its subsidiaries focused on their own specialized categories of music, Mercurys jazz division had two distinct and important fathers. John Hammond brought his expertise and connections when Mercury bought Keynote Records in the late 1940s, and Mercury was the issuing company and distributor for Norman Granzs pre-Norgran/Verve recordings. Although both Hammond and Granz had departed Mercury by the mid-1950s, they established the company in the jazz world, by the early 1960s, Mercury was releasing jazz under the flagship label and was an early leader in the new stereo sound releases. Highlights of the early and mid-1960s included albums by Quincy Jones, Buddy Rich, Cannonball Adderley, Charles Mingus, Dinah Washington, Sarah Vaughan, Max Roach, in the early 1950s, Norman Granz started his own record company, Norgran, which later became Verve. In an ironic twist, both Mercury and Verve are now owned by Universal Music Group and Mercurys jazz library falls under the Verve division. Since the early 1990s, Verve has reissued many Mercury jazz titles on CD, often taking care to use original master tapes, in 1962, Mercury began marketing a line of phonographs made by Philips bearing the Mercury brand name. In July 1967, Mercury Records became the first U. S. record company to release cassette music tapes, in 1969, Mercury changed its corporate name to Mercury Record Productions Inc. while its parent Conelco became North American Philips Corp after Philips brought control of the company
21.
PolyGram
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PolyGram was a Dutch entertainment company, a division of Seagram. It started as a record label recording company founded by Philips. The name was chosen to reflect the Siemens interest Polydor Records, the company traced its origins through Deutsche Grammophon back to the inventor of the flat disk gramophone, Emil Berliner. Later on, PolyGram expanded into the largest global entertainment company, creating film, in May 1998, it was sold to Seagram which owned MCA Inc. PolyGram Music Group was merged into Universal Music Group, and PolyGram Filmed Entertainment was merged into Universal Pictures. When the new company faced difficulties, its parent Seagram was sold in large part to Vivendi. Vivendi is the current owner of UMG, in February 2017, Polygram Entertainment was re-launched as the film & television division of Universal Music Group. In 1929, Decca Records licensed record shop owner H. W. Van Zoelen as a distributor in the Netherlands, by 1931, his company Hollandsche Decca Distributie had become exclusive Decca distributor for all of the Netherlands and its colonies. Over the course of the 1930s, HDD put together its own facilities for A&R, recording, HDD was commercially successful during World War II because of the absence of American and British competition. Van Zoelen wanted to sell to Philips so that HDD would have sufficient financial backing when their major competitors returned after the war and this led Philips to purchase HDD in 1942. Philips labs were developing magnetic tape and LPs, and they could support eventual new formats, after the war, Philips built a large factory in Doetinchem to produce 78 rpm records. During the late 1940s, Philips combined its various businesses into Philips Phonografische Industrie. PPIs early growth was based on alliances, a merger was first proposed with Decca of London in late 1945, but was rejected by Edward Lewis, Deccas owner. In the early 1950s, Philips set itself the goal of making PPI the largest record company in Europe, PPIs second attempt at a merger was with Deutsche Grammophon Gesellschaft. DGG, owned by Siemens AG, and well known for its repertoire, had been the German licensee for Decca from 1935. PPI and DGG finally merged in 1962, the alliance with DGG still left PPI without repertoire in Britain or the United States. But in 1951, after Columbia had failed to renew its international distribution agreement with EMI, Columbia became PPIs distributor within the US. This agreement ran until 1961 when Columbia set up its own European network, PPI signed a worldwide distribution deal with Mercury Records in 1961
22.
First Time (Robin Beck song)
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First Time is singer Robin Becks first significant chart hit, released in 1988. It was originally recorded for a Coca-Cola commercial in 1987, and was released originally in the United States on January 31,1988, and subsequently released as a single. The single was released in the UK in October 1988 and climbed to No.1 and this version became #1 for several weeks in most of Spanish language territories. In 2003, the song was covered by Unique who achieved a success in Switzerland. There were two professionally filmed music videos for the single, one is almost exclusively performance footage of Beck and her band, shot in a style used by many Hair Metal acts of the late 1980s. The other version is a video, At the beginning, Robin Beck is seen in her bathroom, applying mascara and checking her hair. She goes through her apartment and during tour, you see scenes of her with her boyfriend. She looks out of a window before watching television and she flips through a magazine on the mantelpiece, then makes another phone call. At the end of the video, the doorbell rings, Robin turns the television off and answers the door, but we dont see who is there. There is a video for the song. In this third version, we see Robin and her guitar player in a Room with a Bed, a big Telephone, the walls and floor are decorated in a black and white pattern. The audio is the same as in the Apt
23.
Steve Lukather
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Steven Lee Steve Lukather is an American guitarist, singer, songwriter, arranger and record producer, best known for his work with the rock band Toto. A prolific session musician, Lukather has recorded tracks for more than 1,500 albums representing a broad array of artists. He has also contributed to albums and hit singles as a songwriter, arranger and producer, Lukather has released seven solo albums, the latest of which, Transition, was released in January 2013. In 1976, when Lukather was nineteen years old, he was invited by his school friends David Paich. He has been a member of the band ever since it began, Lukathers reputation as a guitarist and his association with Paich and Jeff Porcaro, who also became established artists, allowed him to secure a solid flow of session work in the 1970s and 1980s. Lukather has been nominated for twelve Grammy Awards, and has won five, while his work with Toto was predominantly based on pop rock music and his solo work ventures into progressive rock and hard rock, many of Lukathers side-projects are focused on jazz fusion. Influenced by such guitarists as Jimi Hendrix and Jimmy Page. He is also recognized for his efficiency in the studio, often recording tracks in one take using minimal sound processing. While he once used many effects in the studio and on stage, he now frequently disparages such practice. Lukather plays primarily an electric guitar manufactured by Ernie Ball Music Man bearing his nickname. He also plays Yamaha and Ovation Adamas series acoustic–electric guitars, steven Lee Lukather was born on October 21,1957, in San Fernando Valley, California. In an interview with online publication Guitarhoo and he said, I had a music teacher in Grammar school that made me play the violin. I had been playing guitar for a year, and they had NO use for a guitar player, Lukather has said that the album changed his life and that he was greatly influenced by the guitar playing of George Harrison in particular. In high school, Lukather met David Paich and the Porcaro brothers, Lukather, who had been a self-taught musician, began taking guitar lessons from Jimmy Wyble. With Wyble, Lukather expanded his knowledge of aspects of music. Jeff Porcaro, who had been playing drums with Steely Dan since 1973, became a mentor to Lukather, Lukather is the original lead guitarist for Toto, serving in that capacity for the bands entire history, as well as a lead and backing vocalist and composer. Lukather won three of his five Grammy Awards for work with Toto, twice as an artist and once as a producer, David Paich led the bands songwriting efforts during the development of 1978s Toto—he penned all but two of the albums tracks, including all four of its singles. Lukather also credits Jeff Porcaro for his leadership within the band during that period, however, Lukathers role in Toto evolved over time owing to the changing needs of the band
24.
Kiss (band)
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Kiss is an American hard rock group formed in New York City in January 1973 by Paul Stanley, Gene Simmons, Peter Criss, and Ace Frehley. The band has gone through several changes, with Stanley. The original and best-known lineup consisted of Stanley, Simmons, Frehley, with their make-up and costumes, they took on the personae of comic book-style characters, The Starchild, The Demon, The Spaceman or Space Ace, and The Catman. Due to creative differences, both Criss and Frehley had departed the group by 1982, in 1983, Kiss began performing without makeup and costumes, thinking that it was time to leave the makeup behind. The band accordingly experienced a commercial resurgence, and their music videos received regular airplay on MTV. Drummer Eric Carr, who had replaced Criss in 1980, died in 1991 of a type of heart cancer and was replaced by Eric Singer. In response to a wave of Kiss nostalgia in the mid-1990s, the band announced a reunion of the lineup in 1996. The resulting Alive/Worldwide Tour was commercially successful, Criss and Frehley have both since left the band again and have been replaced by Singer and Tommy Thayer, respectively. Kiss has sold more than 100 million records worldwide, including 25 million RIAA-certified albums, on April 10,2014, Kiss was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Kiss traces their roots to Wicked Lester, a New York City-based rock band led by Gene Simmons and they recorded one album, which was shelved by Epic Records, and played a handful of live shows. Simmons and Stanley, feeling a new direction was needed, abandoned Wicked Lester in 1972. Simmons and Stanley met him in a nightclub where he was playing drums, after hearing Criss sing, they thought of him being in the band. Criss then auditioned for and later joined the new version of Wicked Lester, the trio focused on a much harder style of rock than Wicked Lester played. They also began experimenting with their image by wearing makeup and various outfits, in November 1972, the trio played a showcase for Epic Records A&R director Don Ellis, in an effort to secure a record deal. Although the performance went well, Ellis disliked the groups image, in early January 1973, the group added lead guitarist Ace Frehley. Frehley impressed the group with his first audition, although he showed up wearing two different colored sneakers, one red and one orange, a few weeks after Frehley joined, Wicked Lester changed their name to Kiss. Stanley came up with the name while he, Simmons and Criss were driving around New York City, Criss mentioned that he had been in a band called Lips, so Stanley said something to the effect of What about Kiss. Frehley created the logo, making the SS look like lightning bolts
25.
Paul Stanley
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He is the writer or co-writer of many of the bands highest-charting hits. Stanley established The Starchild character for his Kiss persona, hit Parader ranked him 18th on their list of Top 100 Metal Vocalists of All Time. Gibson. com Readers Poll also named him 13th on their list of Top 25 Frontmen, Stanley Bert Eisen was born January 20,1952, in upper Manhattan, near 211th Street and Broadway, the Inwood neighborhood near Inwood Hill Park. He was the second of two children, and born two years after his sister Julia and his mother came from a family that fled Nazi Germany to Amsterdam, Netherlands, and then to New York City. His fathers parents were from Poland, Stanley was raised Jewish, although he did not consider his family very observant and did not celebrate his bar mitzvah. His parents listened to music and light opera, Stanley was greatly moved by Beethovens works. Attending PS98, he was taunted by children for his deformed ear. Despite his hearing problem, Stanley enjoyed listening to music, and his favorite musical artists included Eddie Cochran, Dion and the Belmonts, Jerry Lee Lewis and Little Richard. Stanley learned to sing harmony with his family, and he was given a guitar at age seven. Stanleys family relocated to the Kew Gardens neighborhood in Queens in 1960. He listened to a lot of music, but when The Beatles and The Rolling Stones played on U. S. television he was inspired by the performance aspect. Stanley received his first real guitar at age 13, a one that he would have preferred to be electric. He played tunes by Bob Dylan, The Byrds, The Lovin Spoonful, All through his childhood Stanley had been recognized for his talent at graphic arts, so he attended the High School of Music & Art in New York City and graduated in 1970. Despite his skill as a graphic artist, he abandoned that as a career, before Kiss, Stanley was in a local band, Rainbow and was also a member of Uncle Joe and Post War Baby Boom. Through a mutual friend of Gene Simmons, Stanley joined Simmons band Wicked Lester in the early 1970s, the band recorded an album in 1972, but it has not been officially released. Wicked Lester soon fell apart and Stanley and Simmons answered Peter Crisss advertisement in Rolling Stone, Rock & Roll drummer looking for orig. grp. doing soft & hard music. Soon after recruiting Criss, they held auditions for a lead guitarist, Kiss released their self-titled debut album in February 1974. Stanleys persona in Kiss is The Starchild utilizing one star over his right eye, for a brief time, Stanley changed his make-up character to The Bandit, with a Lone Ranger style mask design make-up pattern
26.
Love Hurts (Cher album)
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Love Hurts is the twentieth studio album by American singer-actress Cher, released on June 11,1991 by Geffen Records. The RIAA certified it Gold on August 27,1991 and it is the final studio album with the record label Geffen. The lead single from the album was, Love and Understanding and it debuted at #48 on the Billboard Top 200 Albums chart with the sales of 19,000. Billboard stated in November 2011 that Love Hurts has sold 600,000 copies in the US, Love Hurts was released in 1991 and was the third and final studio album released by Cher for Geffen Records. The record featured production by Bob Rock and saw her continue to collaborate with John Kalodner, Diane Warren, the album was recorded in late 1990/early 1991, during the first year of Chers relationship to Bon Jovis guitarist Richie Sambora. She dedicated the album to him and every man that made me shed a tear. This time the song was more pop/rock rather than a ballad, the originally version was released by Everly Brothers in 1960. The European version also contains the worldwide hit The Shoop Shoop Song originally recorded by Betty Everett in 1963. Early releases of the album in the UK had the cover as the American release. The European release also included the hit, The Shoop Shoop Song which reached #1 in over 10 countries. In the United States, The Shoop Shoop Song was available only through the original soundtrack, while the album did extremely well in the UK, its singles were only minor hits. Also Love Hurts and Couldve Been You was released only in Europe, the David Cassidy co-written song, Ill Never Stop Loving You, was released a year later on Cassidys album, Didnt You Used to be. One year before, it was recorded by Heart and released on a Japanese special edition bonus CD for their album Brigade. To promote the album, Cher did several performances worldwide, in North America she promoted the album on Late Night with David Letterman. She also made a appearance on the ABC program In Concert on June 21,1991 where she performed Love Hurts, Love and Understanding, Save Up All Your Tears. This particular performance was criticized because Cher lip-synced all songs from the album. Later, during an interview, Cher defended her lip-syncing and In Concert offered her a chance to later in 1991. Cher also promoted the album in some European countries, Cher also performed Save Up All Your Tears in Australia during the Dame Edna Show and with Dame Edna performed I Got You Babe
27.
Bob Rock
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Rock began his music career in Langford, British Columbia as a guitarist playing with friends William Alexander and Paul Hyde in the formers household basement. In 1983, the Payola$ won the Juno Award for Single of the Year, Rock also worked as an assistant engineer at Little Mountain Sound in Vancouver. In 1987, the Payola$ again changed their name to Rock, the song also charted on Billboards Hot 100. In 2007, the Payola$ became briefly active once more as a touring and recording act, Rock is perhaps best known as a producer for bands such as Metallica and Mötley Crüe. Rock briefly returned to performing, forming the band Rockhead with ex-Payola$ drummer Chris Taylor, the band released one self-titled album and two singles before splitting up. Rock produced the five finalist songs of CBC Sportss Hockey Night in Canada Anthem Challenge in late 2008 and he became involved with a controversy having worked with Gerry Mosby, one of the semi-finalists, thus violating CBC rules on the Anthem Challenge. In 1990, Rock was chosen to produce Metallicas diamond-certified self-titled album, Rock would subsequently produce Load and ReLoad as well as the new material for the bands cover album Garage Inc. After Jason Newsted left Metallica in January 2001, Rock wrote and he also played bass during the bands few live performances until Robert Trujillo joined the band in February 2003. Rock was featured prominently in the 2004 documentary film Some Kind of Monster, the film dealt with Metallicas internal strife and their struggles with the creative process during the recording of St. Anger. In February 2006, Metallica chose producer Rick Rubin to produce their next album, at Metallicas 30th Anniversary Concert on 12 December 2011, Rock joined Metallica onstage and performed bass alongside Trujillo on the songs Dirty Window and Frantic. Rocks career both as a producer and musician was recognized at the 2007 Juno Awards Ceremony in Saskatoon for his contribution to popular music. He was inducted into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame by the Canadian Academy of Recording Arts, bob is a musical craftsman whose wide range of talents show no signs of slowing, said Melanie Berry, CARAS President. He has helped to define rock as we know it today and they are all giants of the industry, and to be recognized, means that I had to have worked with truly great artists. I thank them for their confidence and inspiration, Rock has received nominations for 17 Juno Awards in various categories including Producer of the Year, Recording Engineer of the Year, Composer of the Year, and Entertainer of the Year. He has won on numerous occasions for both his work and his work with the Payola$ and Rock and Hyde. Rock last won Producer of the Year in 2005 for Simple Plans Welcome to My Life and he has been nominated for 2007 Producer of the Year for his work on The Tragically Hips album World Container. In 2014, Rock won a Grammy Award for Best Traditional Pop Vocal Album for his work on Michael Bublés album To Be Loved. Feelgood 1992 – Rockhead – Rockhead - Guitar/backing vocals 2003 – Metallica – St. Anger 2004 – The Tea Party – Seven Circles 2004 – Simple Plan – Still Not Getting Any. O
28.
Love and Understanding
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Love and Understanding is a rock song by American singer-actress Cher from her 20th studio album, Love Hurts. Written by Diane Warren, produced by Warren & Guy Roche, it was released as the lead single in 1991 for the European. The B-Side Trail Of Broken Hearts appears on the soundtrack to the Tom Cruise film Days of Thunder and is not available on any Cher album, Cher performed the song on the Love Hurts Tour. The single spawned a video that had Cher and her backing band rehearsing the song while interlocking scenes of her in an orange colored wig. AllMusics Joseph McCombs highlighted the song and called it pleasantly melodic, entertainment Weekly editor Jim Farber called it socially conscious in a way only Hollywood could conceive, tailor-made for one of those publicity-seeking charity functions
29.
Love Hurts
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Love Hurts is a song written and composed by the American songwriting duo Felice and Boudleaux Bryant. The song was introduced in December 1960 as a track on A Date with The Everly Brothers. The first hit version of the song was by Roy Orbison, a recording by Emmylou Harris and Gram Parsons was included on Parsons posthumously released Grievous Angel album. After Parsons 1973 death, Harris made the song a staple of her repertoire, Harris has since re-recorded the song twice. The most successful recording of the song was by rock band Nazareth. Top 10 in 1975 and hit one in Norway and the Netherlands. In the UK the most successful version of the song was by former Traffic member Jim Capaldi, the song was also covered by Cher in 1975 for her album Stars. Cher re-recorded the song in 1991 for her album of the same name, rod Stewart recorded the song in 2006 for his album Still the Same. Great Rock Classics of Our Time which was No.1 on the Billboard 200 chart, Roy Orbison covered Love Hurts in 1961 and issued it as the B-side to Running Scared. While Running Scared was an hit, the B-side only picked up significant airplay in Australia. Consequently, chart figures for Australia show Running Scared/Love Hurts as a double A-Side and this makes Orbisons recording of Love Hurts the first version to be a hit. Jim Capaldi reached number 4 in the UK charts with his interpretation of Love Hurts in November 1975, described by Rolling Stone as having a sense of pain very different from Roy Orbisons. The single also charted in the US, Germany, and Sweden, Billboard ranked it as the No.23 song for 1976. As part of the Hot Tracks it also reached No.15 in the UK in 1977, nazareths version was an international hit, peaking at No.1 in Canada, the Netherlands, Belgium, South Africa and Norway, and remains the best-known recording of the song. The Nazareth single was so successful in Norway that it charted for 61 weeks on the Norwegian charts,1, making it the top single of all time in that country. A later recording by Nazareth, featuring the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra, the Nazareth track has been featured in the movies Dazed and Confused, Detroit Rock City, Together, Click, and Halloween among others. It was edited for use in a late-90s Gatorade TV commercial, other companies to have used the song in advertising include Southwest Airlines, Molson, Nissan, Zurich, and Toyota in Australia. Cher used this Nazareth version for her 1991 re-recording of the song for her album of the same name, the Nazareth version was sung by Courtney Taylor-Taylor, lead singer of The Dandy Warhols, in Cheatty Cheatty Bang Bang, a second season episode of Veronica Mars
30.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
31.
Dame Edna Everage
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As Dame Edna, Humphries has written several books including an autobiography, My Gorgeous Life, appeared in several films and hosted several television shows. Following film appearances and an elevation to damehood in the 1970s, throughout the 1980s and 1990s Dame Edna became increasingly known and popular in North America after multiple stage and television appearances. Edna describes her chat-shows as a conversation between two friends, one of whom is a lot more interesting than the other. The character has used to satirise the cult of celebrity, class snobbery. Although Humphries freely states that Edna is a character he plays, Humphries and his staff of assistants and writers only refer to Edna as she and her, never mixing the character with Humphries himself. It is this precision and richness of identity which gives Dame Edna her unique force as a character. In March 2012, Humphries announced that the character would be retired at the end of the current stage tour, however, as of 2013 he has decided to bring her back. While Dame Edna is a character, so complete is her identity as an individual that Macmillan published My Gorgeous Life, Ednas autobiography. Humphries has also written an Unauthorised Biography of his life as Ednas manager, Handling Edna, published in 2010. According to My Gorgeous Life, and statements Edna has made over the years, she was born Edna May Beazley in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, with a sibling who would give birth to Barry McKenzie. She spends her time visiting world leaders and jet-setting between her homes in Los Angeles, London, Sydney, Switzerland and Marthas Vineyard and she is a friend and confidante of the Queen, and has advised prime ministers and presidents. The character has three children, Bruce, Kenny, and Valmai. Her first daughter, Lois, when still an infant, went missing and was believed to have been abducted by a rogue koala during a family camp-out in the outback, à la Azaria Chamberlain. In Handling Edna, the Unauthorised Biography, Humphries absolves the koala of any role in the affair and reveals the fate of Lois. Ednas surviving daughter, Valmai, has assisted Dame Edna on her recent programme for ITV1, including The Dame Edna Treatment and has assisted on her live tour shows. Dame Edna refers often to him and his partner, Clifford Smale, Kenny appeared in Sir Les Pattersons documentary Les Patterson and the Great Chinese Takeaway as a boutique owner in Hong Kong. Dame Ednas mother is incarcerated in a maximum-security twilight home for the bewildered, Valmai and Kenny are the only family members who have appeared on stage or screen with their mother. Her husband, Sir Norman Everage, died in 1988 after many years in hospital suffering from prostate problems, as a result, Dame Edna almost believed that Norms cremation was a waste of money
32.
GfK Entertainment Charts
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The GfK Entertainment Charts are the official music charts in Germany and are gathered and published by GfK Entertainment GmbH on behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie. Following a lawsuit in March 2014 by Media Control AG, Media Control® GfK International had to change its name, dissemination of the charts is conducted by various media outlets, some of which include VIVA music channel, and the Swiss charts website. Other entities that present the charts are MusicLoad and MIX1, furthermore, GfK Entertainment also runs a dedicated website providing chart-related news and access to most of the charts. Charts have been published in Germany since 1959, in a magazine called Der Musikmarkt, since 1959, the growing desire to have a well-developed music program has made Bundesverband Musikindustrie work together with charts providers to improve the way the charts are determined. For this purpose, different research institutes were tested, out of which Media Control, hence, the first official charts were made available in the magazine Der Musikmarkt in September 1977. Initially, there used to be 50 positions only, which later in January 1980, was extended to 75 slots, since 1989, however, GfK Entertainment has adapted the international standards providing 100 positions, now called Offizielle Top 100 Charts. In 2001, the Top-100 singles charts was modified to reflect the sales of the singles, Media Control developed Music Video charts in 2001, which later, in 2004, was renamed as DVD charts. While music-videos have their own charts, in 2001, GfK Entertainment made it possible for the music-video singles to have the ability to enter the Top-100 singles chart. Similarly, in 2002, it was available for music-video albums to chart on the Top-100 album chart. If not, then, the DVD album could qualify for the DVD chart only, in the same vein, if an audio CD contains at least 50% of video recording, then, it could qualify to chart on the DVD chart. In 2003, Media Control joined forces with GfK, thus the name officially being changed to Media Control GfK International GmbH. In 2004, Germany became one of the first music markets wherein sales charts were reflected by online digital downloads, digital-only releases came into existence on 13 July 2007, for online downloads only, which also altered the way the sales figures were conducted up to that point. Consequently, chart positions would no longer be affected by the number of music downloads as before. Thus, the albums would not necessarily be the ones ending up in the number-one position on the charts. In March 2014, GfK announced that the official chart providers name in Germany will change from Media Control GfK International GmbH to GfK Entertainment, there are currently 3,000 outlets that report their sales on weekly bases in Germany. The weekly sales data is transmitted to GfK Entertainment via communication network channel and this is the list of categories, for each of which charts are provided by GfK Entertainment
33.
Billboard Hot 100
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The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for singles, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales, radio play and online streaming, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday, when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but was changed to Friday to Thursday in July 2015. Radio airplay, which, unlike sales figures and streaming data, is available on a real-time basis. A new chart is compiled and officially released to the public by Billboard on Tuesdays, as of the issue for the week ending on April 15,2017, the Hot 100 has had 1,061 different number one hits. The current number one song is Shape of You by Ed Sheeran, prior to 1955, Billboard did not have a unified, all-encompassing popularity chart, instead measuring songs by individual metrics. At the start of the era in 1955, three such charts existed, Best Sellers in Stores was the first Billboard chart, established in 1936. This chart ranked the biggest selling singles in retail stores, as reported by merchants surveyed throughout the country, Most Played by Jockeys was Billboards original airplay chart. It ranked the most played songs on United States radio stations, as reported by radio disc jockeys, Most Played in Jukeboxes ranked the most played songs in jukeboxes across the United States. On the week ending November 12,1955, Billboard published The Top 100 for the first time, the Top 100 combined all aspects of a singles performance, based on a point system that typically gave sales more weight than radio airplay. The Best Sellers In Stores, Most Played by Jockeys and Most Played in Jukeboxes charts continued to be published concurrently with the new Top 100 chart. The week ending July 28,1958 was the publication of the Most Played By Jockeys and Top 100 charts. On August 4,1958, Billboard premiered one main all-genre singles chart, the Hot 100 quickly became the industry standard and Billboard discontinued the Best Sellers In Stores chart on October 13,1958. The Billboard Hot 100 is still the standard by which a songs popularity is measured in the United States, the Hot 100 is ranked by radio airplay audience impressions as measured by Nielsen BDS, sales data compiled by Nielsen Soundscan and streaming activity provided by online music sources. There are several component charts that contribute to the calculation of the Hot 100. Charts are ranked by number of gross audience impressions, computed by cross-referencing exact times of radio airplay with Arbitron listener data. Hot Singles Sales, the top selling singles compiled from a sample of retail store, mass merchant and internet sales reports collected, compiled. The chart is released weekly and measures sales of commercial singles. With the decline in sales of singles in the US
34.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
