1.
Ontario Highway 401
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It stretches 828.0 kilometres from Windsor in the west to the Ontario–Quebec border in the east. The part of Highway 401 that passes through Toronto is North Americas busiest highway, the route is maintained by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario and patrolled by the Ontario Provincial Police. The speed limit is 100 km/h throughout its length, unless posted otherwise and these three sections of highway were 11.8,54.7 and 41.2 km, respectively. In 1964, the route became fully navigable from Windsor to the Ontario–Quebec border, in 1965 it was given a second designation, the Macdonald–Cartier Freeway, in honour of the Fathers of Confederation. At the end of 1968, the Gananoque–Brockville section was bypassed, in 2011, construction began on a westward extension called the Right Honourable Herb Gray Parkway. This new route follows, but does not replace, former Highway 3 between the end of the freeway and the E. C. Row Expressway, at which point it turns and parallels that route towards the site of the future Gordie Howe International Bridge, an 8-kilometre section of the parkway, east of the E. C. Row interchange, opened on June 28,2015, with the remaining section completed and opened on November 21, the expansive twelve-plus-lane collector–express system will also be extended west through Mississauga to Milton and east through Ajax and Whitby. Highway 401 extends across Southwestern, Central and Eastern Ontario, in anticipation of the future expansion of the highway, the transportation ministry purchased a 91. 4-metre-wide right-of-way along the entire length. Generally, the highway occupies only a portion of this allotment and this makes it North Americas busiest roadway, surpassing the Santa Monica Freeway in Los Angeles and I-75 in Atlanta. Highway 401 also features North Americas busiest multi-structure bridge, located at Hoggs Hollow in Toronto, the four bridges, two for each direction with the collector and express lanes, carried an average of 373,700 vehicles daily in 2006. The highway is one of the backbones of a network in the Great Lakes region, connecting the populous Quebec City–Windsor corridor with Michigan, New York. It is the connection between Toronto and Montreal, becoming Autoroute 20 at the Ontario–Quebec border. At present, Highway 401 begins as a freeway at the west end of the E. C. At the Dougall Parkway, the highway turns east and exits Windsor, from here, Highway 401 mostly parallels the former route of Highway 98 from Windsor to Tilbury. Southwestern Ontario is flat, primarily land, that takes advantage of the fertile clay soil deposited throughout the region. Here the highways flat and straight route is notorious for leading to driver inattention, the section from Windsor to London has become known for deadly car accidents and pile-ups, earning it the nickname Carnage Alley. As the highway approaches London, Highway 402 merges in, resulting in a six-lane cross-section, within London, it intersects the citys two municipal expressways, Highbury Avenue and the Veterans Memorial Parkway
2.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
3.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
4.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
5.
Toronto
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Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
6.
Scarborough, Toronto
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Scarborough is a suburban district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Situated atop the Scarborough Bluffs, it occupies the part of the city. Scarborough is contained within the borders of Victoria Park Avenue on the west, Steeles Avenue to the north, Rouge River and the city of Pickering to the east and it was named after the English town of Scarborough, North Yorkshire. First settled by Europeans in the 1790s, Scarborough has grown from a collection of rural villages. Incorporated in 1850 as a township, Scarborough became part of Metropolitan Toronto in 1953 and was reconstituted as a borough in 1967, Scarborough rapidly developed as a suburb of Old Toronto over the next decade and became a city in 1983. In 1998, Scarborough and the rest of Metropolitan Toronto were amalgamated into the present city of Toronto, Scarborough is an administrative district in Toronto and has its own community council. The Scarborough Civic Centre, the city hall, is still used by the municipal government of Toronto. Scarborough is a destination for new immigrants in Canada to reside. As a result, it is one of the most diverse and multicultural areas in the Greater Toronto Area, being home to religious groups. It includes some of Torontos popular natural landmarks, such as Rouge Park, Scarborough has been declared to be greener than any other part of Toronto. The area was named after Scarborough, North Yorkshire, England by Elizabeth Simcoe, the wife of John Graves Simcoe, the bluffs along Scarboroughs Lake Ontario shores reminded her of the limestone cliffs in Scarborough, England. On August 4,1793, she wrote in her diary, The shore is extremely bold, and has the appearance of chalk cliffs and they appeared so well that we talked of building a summer residence there and calling it Scarborough. Before that, the area was named Glasgow, after the Scottish city, the most popular is Scarberia, a portmanteau of Scarborough and Siberia, a reference to its seemingly distant eastern location from downtown Toronto. The word originated sometime in the 1960s and has remained a source of contention ever since. In May 1988, Joyce Trimmer, who was campaigning to be mayor of the city of Scarborough, said, Scarborough has also acquired nicknames related to its diversity. Such nicknames typically use the prefix Scar and a derived from the name of a region, nation, or ethnicity, for instance, Scompton or Scarlem, alluding to Compton. The first known evidence of people in Scarborough comes from a site in Fenwood Heights. The site contains the remains of a camp of nomadic hunters and foragers, after the land was surveyed in 1793, it was opened to settlement by British subjects with the first issue of land patents in 1796, although squatters had already been present for a few years
7.
Parliament of Canada
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The Parliament of Canada is the federal legislative branch of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in the national capital, Ottawa, Ontario. The body consists of the Canadian monarch, represented by a viceroy, the general, an upper house, the Senate, and a lower house. Each element has its own officers and organization, by constitutional convention, the House of Commons is the dominant branch of parliament, the Senate and Crown rarely opposing its will. The Senate reviews legislation from a less partisan standpoint and the monarch or viceroy provides the necessary Royal Assent to make bills into law. The governor general also summons parliament, while either the viceroy or monarch can prorogue or dissolve parliament, either will read the Throne Speech. The most recent parliament, summoned by Governor General David Johnston in 2015, is the 42nd since Confederation in 1867, the Parliament of Canada is composed of three parts, the monarch, the Senate, and the House of Commons. Each has a role, but work in conjunction within the legislative process. Only those who sit in the House of Commons are called members of parliament, though legislatively less powerful, senators take higher positions in the national order of precedence. No individual may serve in more than one chamber of parliament at the same time, the sovereigns place in the legislature, formally called the Queen-in-Parliament, is defined by the Constitution Act,1867, and various conventions. All federal bills begin with the phrase Now, therefore, Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate and House of Commons of Canada. And, as such, the Crown is immune from acts of parliament unless expressed otherwise in the act itself. As both the monarch and his or her representatives are traditionally barred from the House of Commons, any parliamentary ceremonies in which they are involved take place in the Senate chamber. The upper and lower houses do, however, each contain a mace, which indicate the authority of the Queen-in-Parliament, following the burning of the Centre Block on 3 February 1916, the City of London, England, donated a replacement, which is still used today. The temporary mace, made of wood, and used until the new one arrived from the United Kingdom in 1917, is carried into the Senate each 3 February. The Senates 1. 6-metre-long mace comprises brass and gold, senators served for life until 1965, when a constitutional amendment imposed a mandatory retirement age of 75. Senators may, however, resign their seats prior to that mark, the Senate is divided equally amongst four geographic regions,24 for Ontario,24 for Quebec,24 for the Maritimes, and 24 for the Western provinces. Newfoundland and Labrador, which became a Canadian province in 1949, is represented by six senators, further, Canadas three territories—the Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut—are allocated one senator each. The elected component of the Canadian parliament is the House of Commons, with each member chosen by a plurality of voters in each of the countrys federal electoral districts
8.
Scarborough Centre (electoral district)
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Scarborough Centre is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1979. The riding was created in 1976 from parts of Scarborough East, Scarborough West, the riding contains the neighbourhoods of Scarborough City Centre, Bendale, Eglinton East, Ionview, Golden Mile, Wexford, Maryvale, and Dorset Park. Scarborough Centre was created in 1976, in 1987, it was expanded to include the part of Scarborough lying bounded by Bellamy Road North, Lawrence Avenue East, Markham Road and Eglinton Avenue East. In 2003, it was given its current boundaries as described above and this riding lost territory to Scarborough—Guildwood, and gained territory from Scarborough Southwest during the 2012 electoral redistribution. This riding has elected the following Members of Parliament, Note, Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote, Note, Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election. List of Canadian federal electoral districts Past Canadian electoral districts Census Profile, riding history from the Library of Parliament 2011 results from Elections Canada Campaign expense data from Elections Canada
9.
Brad Duguid
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Brad Duguid is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He is a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario who was elected in 2003 and he represents the riding of Scarborough Centre in Toronto. He has served as a minister in the governments of Dalton McGuinty. Duguid was born in Scarborough and graduated from Woburn Collegiate Institute, in 1994, he was elected as a city councillor for the suburban municipality of Scarborough. In the elections of 1997 and 2000, he was elected as a councillor in the megacity of Toronto. During his time in government, Duguid was known for his work on community safety issues. He was also known as a supporter of then-Mayor of Toronto, in the 2003 election, Duguid supported John Tory over David Miller for Mayor of Toronto. On May 1,2003, Duguid was appointed by Liberal leader Dalton McGuinty as the candidate for Scarborough Centre in the upcoming provincial election. This upset many in the local party association, as Ontario general election,1999 candidate Costas Manios was widely expected to win the nomination again, Manios decided to run against Duguid as an Independent, and many believed he would deny Duguid victory by splitting the Liberal vote. On October 23,2003, Duguid was appointed Parliamentary Assistant on urban issues to John Gerretsen, as such, he has often clashed with Mayor David Miller over allegations by the mayor that the province has reneged on funding promises to the city. Following his re-election in 2007, Duguid was appointed Minister of Labour and he ensured job protection for military reservists and improved health and safety in the workplace. He also saw the creation of the new Family Day holiday, in a Cabinet shuffle on September 18,2008, Duguid was appointed as the provinces Minister of Aboriginal Affairs. On January 18,2010 he was appointed Minister of Energy, in the re-election and subsequent Cabinet shuffle, in October 2011, the Cabinet was dissolved, and the Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure was split into two Ministries. The resulting cabinet Duguid was appointed as the Minister of Energy, in the Cabinet, post election, on October 20,2011, Brad Duguid was appointed Minister of Economic Development and Innovation. A staffer later resigned over the controversy, after Kathleen Wynne took over in 2013, she appointed Duguid as the Minister of Training, Colleges and Universities. Duguid was re-elected in the June 2014 election, after the election he was appointed as the Minister of Economic Development, Employment and Infrastructure. On June 13,2016, Duguids portfolio was changed to Minister of Economic Development, official website Ontario Legislative Assembly Parliamentarian History
10.
Scarborough Centre (provincial electoral district)
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Scarborough Centre is a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1963. Scarborough Centre is a riding, having voted for the winner in every election since 1971. However, it did comprise different territories, changing shape significantly between the 1995 and 1999 elections, the riding was created in 1963 through an amendment to the Representation Act. It was formed from the central part of the former riding of York—Scarborough. The riding was bordered by Lawrence Avenue to the north, Kennedy Road to the west, Lake Ontario to the south, in 1975, the boundary was significantly altered. The northern boundary of Lawrence Avenue and the boundary of Lake Ontario were retained. It followed Midland Avenue south to Kingston Road where it turned southwest following Kingston to a point where an extension of Wynnview Court would meet the road. It then turned south along Wynnview Court and continued on the line south until it met the lake. The eastern boundary started at Lawrence Avenue and went south on Scarborough Golf Club Road following this road to the CNR right-of-way and it followed the tracks west to Markham Road and then south to the lake. In 1987 the boundary was altered again, the northern boundary of Lawrence Avenue and the southern boundary of Lake Ontario were retained. The eastern boundary starting at the lake went north along Kennedy Road to Eglinton Avenue and it then turned east for a short distance to the CPR right-of-way. It followed the north to Lawrence Avenue. The eastern border was moved to Markham Road going from the lake to Lawrence Avenue
11.
Toronto City Council
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The Toronto City Council is the governing body of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Members represent wards throughout the city, and are known as councillors, for ease of electoral division, wards are based upon the citys federal electoral districts as of the year 2000. While the federal districts have been redistributed since then, the boundaries remain the same. The city council has 45 members,44 ward councillors plus the mayor, the current decision making framework and committee structure at the City of Toronto was established by the City of Toronto Act and came into force January 1,2007. The decision-making process at the City of Toronto involves committees that report to City Council, Committees propose, review and debate policies and recommendations before their arrival at City Council for debate. Citizens and residents can only make deputations on policy at committees, each City Councillor sits on one committee. The Mayor is a member of all committees and is entitled to one vote, There are three types of committees at the City of Toronto, the Executive Committee, Standing Committees and other Committees of Council. The City posts agendas for council and committee meetings on its website, the Executive Committee is an advisory body chaired by the mayor. The Executive Committee is composed of the Mayor, Deputy Mayor, the role of the Executive Committee is to set the City of Torontos priorities, manage financial planning and budgeting, labour relations, human resources, and the operation of City Council. Source, City of Toronto There are eleven other committees that report to Toronto City Council, the seven standing policy committees are, There are four other committees that report to Council, Source, City of Toronto All members of Toronto city council serve on a community council. Community Councils report to City Council but they also have final decision-making power on certain items, such as front yard parking and appointments to local boards, the city is divided into four community councils. The salary for the mayor was $177,499 for 2014, the salary for a city councillor was $105,397 for 2014. In 2017, Councillor pay will be $111,955, the office of the Mayor is located on the second floor at Toronto City Hall. The general public and media can access it via stairs, office staff and the Mayor can reach the office by elevator from the ground floor or the garage. Staffing roles and hiring is directed by the Mayor and not by Council or City of Toronto, before that Toronto had a Board of Control, as did former cities North York and Etobicoke. Vacancies in a seat may be filled in one of two ways, either by the holding of a by-election or through direct appointment of an interim councillor chosen by the council in an internal vote. The process often results in public debate, however, the by-election process is widely seen as more democratic, while the appointment process is seen as less expensive for the city to undertake. Peter Leon considered registering as a candidate in the 2014 election following his appointment as a councillor in 2013
12.
Glenn De Baeremaeker
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Glenn De Baeremaeker is a city councillor in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, who represents Ward 38, one of the two Scarborough Centre wards. The son of a family, he has a Masters in international development and spent six months in Ethiopia at the height of the 1980s famine. He originally rose to prominence for his work with the Save the Rouge group fighting to keep the Rouge Valley area of Scarborough free from development, a strong environmentalist, De Baeremaeker is a vegan. Working as an assistant to city councillor Doug Mahood, De Baeremaeker ran for a seat on Scarborough city council in 1994, continuing his environmental work, De Baeremaeker became one of the leaders in the effort to save the Oak Ridges Moraine from development. When Brad Duguid left city council in 2003 to run for the provincial Liberals, De Baeremaeker decided to run for the empty seat, De Baeremaeker is notable for cycling to City Hall from his home in Scarborough almost every day year round. He is an advocate for safer road conditions for cyclists. De Baeremaeker is also known for his support of former Mayor David Millers policies, unofficial results as of October 26,201003,55 AM Official results as of March 3,201514,09 PM City of Toronto Councillor Profile
13.
City centre
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A city centre is the commercial, cultural and often the historical, political and geographic heart of a city. The term city centre is not usually used in American English, rather, in North America, the city centre is the area of a city where commerce, entertainment, shopping and political power are concentrated. The term is used in many English-speaking countries and has direct equivalents in many other languages. However, noticeably, in the United States, the downtown is commonly used to denote a city centre. In Australia, the term Central Business District is widely used to refer to the city centre, in many cities, the Central Business District is within the city centre, but the concept city centre differs from the CBD. The concept of the CBD revolves solely around economic and financial power, a clear example is Paris, La Défense is the central business district of Paris, but it is not the city centre. In most larger and/or older cities, the CBD and the city centre will only partially overlap, a city centre is often the first settled part of a city, which can make it the most historical part of a city. However, in some Australian cities, the city centre and the CBD are geographically separately identified, in Sydney and Brisbane, for example, the term CBD is the preferred term for the city centre. In Adelaide, by contrast, the city centre is preferred. The term CBD is not often used in Canberra, its city centre is usually identified as the district called City or Civic, in Dutch, the terms binnenstad, centrum, stadscentrum or stadskern are used to describe the city centre. Amsterdam is an example of the city centre and the central business district not being the same area. The city centre of Amsterdam is Centrum, the heart of the city. Because of the bombardment of Rotterdam during World War II, with the loss of its core, the city centre. In Chinese, the centre of a city is called the city centre or urban core. In many cities, it is the city centre and the cultural and commercial centre. Historically, the CBD often occupied one portion of the city centre, in recent years, larger cities have often developed CBDs or financial districts that occupy a part of the city centre or are outside the historical city centre completely
14.
Amalgamation of Toronto
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The most recent occurrence of amalgamation was in 1998, which resulted in Torontos current boundaries. 1791, The townships of Etobicoke, York and Scarborough are surveyed in preparation for settlement,1793, The unincorporated town of York is founded within York township on August 27. This is named in honour of the Duke of York and Albany, the area had previously been known as Toronto. 1830, The unincorporated Village of Yorkville was founded,1834, York was incorporated under the city name of Toronto, coming into force on March 6. Beyond this was a known as the Liberties. 1853, The village of Yorkville was incorporated,1859, The Liberties of Toronto are abolished. 1876, The village of Brockton was incorporated,1878, The village of Parkdale was incorporated on June 28, to go into effect January 1,1879. 1881, The village of Weston was incorporated, the village of Brockton became the town of Brockton. The city retained the same boundaries until 1883, when it began to amalgamate with the surrounding communities. This continued until 1914, after no more expansion of Toronto would take place until 1967. 1883, The village of Yorkville was annexed by the city of Toronto,1884, The town of Brockton and the unincorporated community of Riverdale were annexed by the city of Toronto. 1886, The village of Parkdale becomes the town of Parkdale,1887, The village of West Toronto Junction was incorporated on land severed from York township. The population of West Toronto Junction was 579,1888, The unincorporated community of Seaton Village in York township was annexed by Toronto. The unincorporated community of Sunnyside was annexed by Toronto, Sunnyside was located in York township, and covered 108 acres. On October 27, the residents of Parkdale vote in favour of being annexed by Toronto,1889, The town of Parkdale was annexed by the city of Toronto on March 23. Parkdale had grown to 5651 residents by the time of annexation, the town of East Toronto was incorporated on land previously belonging to York Township. West Toronto Junction became a town on March 23, annexing the communities of Carlton,1890, The town of North Toronto was incorporated on land previously belonging to York township. 1891, The town of West Toronto Junction was renamed the town of West Toronto,1908, On April 14, the town of West Toronto became the city of West Toronto
15.
Downtown Toronto
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Downtown Toronto is the main central business district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located entirely within the district of Old Toronto, it is bounded by Bloor Street to the north, Lake Ontario to the south, the Don River to the east. It is also the centre of the City of Toronto. The Financial District, centred on the intersection of Bay Street and it contains the Toronto Stock Exchange, which is the largest in Canada and seventh in the world by market capitalization. The construction of skyscrapers in Downtown Toronto had started to increase during the 1960s. The retail core of the downtown is the Downtown Yonge area located along Yonge Street from Queen Street to College Street, there is a large cluster of retail centres and shops in the area, including the Toronto Eaton Centre indoor mall. There are an estimated 600 retail stores,150 bars and restaurants, in recent years the area has been experiencing a renaissance as the Business Improvement Area has brought in new retail and improved the cleanliness. The area has seen the opening of the Dundas Square public square. The area includes several live theatres, a complex at Dundas Square. Historical sites and landmarks include the Arts & Letter Club, the Church of the Holy Trinity, Mackenzie House, Maple Leaf Gardens, Old City Hall, the area of St. Lawrence to the east of the financial district is the oldest area of Toronto. It features heritage buildings, theatres, music, dining and many pubs and it is a community of distinct downtown neighbourhoods including the site of the original Town of York, which was Torontos first neighbourhood, dating back to 1793. The area boasts one of the largest concentrations of 19th century buildings in Ontario, further to the east is Corktown and the Distillery District. On Saturday there is a farmers market, to the west of the financial district is the Entertainment District. It is home to hundreds of restaurants, nightclubs, sporting facilities, boutiques, hotels, attractions, the district was formerly an industrial area and was redeveloped for entertainment purposes in the early 1980s, becoming a major centre for entertainment. The redevelopment started with the Mirvish family refurbishing of the Royal Alexandra Theatre, the area is now the site of Roy Thomson Hall and the Canadian Broadcasting Centre. The Yorkville area, to the north, north of Bloor Street and the Mink Mile, has more than 700 designer boutiques, spas, restaurants, hotels and it is a former village in its own right and since the early 1970s has developed into an up-scale shopping district. The intersection of Bloor and Yonge Streets is the intersection of the subway lines and is one of the busiest intersections in the city. At the intersection of Avenue Road and Bloor Street is the Royal Ontario Museum, the Harbourfront area to the south was formerly an industrial and railway lands area
16.
Kennedy Road (Toronto)
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The following is a list of the north–south arterial thoroughfares in the Canadian city of Toronto. The city is organized in a grid pattern dating back to the laid out by Augustus Jones between 1793 and 1797. Most streets are aligned in the north-south or east-west direction, based on the shoreline of Lake Ontario, in other words, major north–south roads are generally perpendicular to the Lake Ontario shoreline and major east–west roads are generally parallel to the lakes shoreline. The Toronto road system is influenced by its topography as some roads are aligned with the old Lake Iroquois shoreline. Minor streets with documented history or etymology are listed in a separate section, roads are listed alphabetically, but from west to east they are William R. The portion south of Sheppard Avenue is the section of the proposed Spadina Expressway. Allen Road is named after the late Metro Toronto Chairman William R. Allen, landmarks along the road include the Lawrence Square Shopping Centre, the Yorkdale Shopping Centre and Downsview Park. There are several stories relating to the origin of Avenue Road, the most popular legend retells that of an early surveying team travelling west along what is now Bloor Street. Upon reaching the location of the intersection with Avenue Road today, the lead surveyor, but this is almost certainly apocryphal, the street was probably named for its tree-lined character. Avenue Road is also a residential street that runs from Edgar Avenue north to Weldrick Road connecting the communities of Richvale and Yongehurst in Richmond Hill. Bathurst Street is named after Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst, henrys contributions to Toronto include organizing the successive waves of British settlers following the War of 1812, and granting the charter to the first university in the city, Kings College. Bathurst originally only referred to the south of Queen Street. In 1870, the north of Queen Street became part of Bathurst Street. It was known then as Crookshanks Lane, after Honourable George Crookshank. The road acted as a driveway to his 300-acre farm, Bay Street, used to be known as Bear Street, supposedly a reference to a noted chase given to a bear by settlers in that area. It is the centre of Torontos Financial District and is used as a metonym to refer to Canadas financial industry. The street was named when the land it occupies was annexed by the first expansion of York. Bay travelled from Lake Ontario to Lot Street, now Queen Street West, North of Queen Street and travelling to College Street was Teraulay Street
17.
Markham Road
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The following is a list of the north–south arterial thoroughfares in the Canadian city of Toronto. The city is organized in a grid pattern dating back to the laid out by Augustus Jones between 1793 and 1797. Most streets are aligned in the north-south or east-west direction, based on the shoreline of Lake Ontario, in other words, major north–south roads are generally perpendicular to the Lake Ontario shoreline and major east–west roads are generally parallel to the lakes shoreline. The Toronto road system is influenced by its topography as some roads are aligned with the old Lake Iroquois shoreline. Minor streets with documented history or etymology are listed in a separate section, roads are listed alphabetically, but from west to east they are William R. The portion south of Sheppard Avenue is the section of the proposed Spadina Expressway. Allen Road is named after the late Metro Toronto Chairman William R. Allen, landmarks along the road include the Lawrence Square Shopping Centre, the Yorkdale Shopping Centre and Downsview Park. There are several stories relating to the origin of Avenue Road, the most popular legend retells that of an early surveying team travelling west along what is now Bloor Street. Upon reaching the location of the intersection with Avenue Road today, the lead surveyor, but this is almost certainly apocryphal, the street was probably named for its tree-lined character. Avenue Road is also a residential street that runs from Edgar Avenue north to Weldrick Road connecting the communities of Richvale and Yongehurst in Richmond Hill. Bathurst Street is named after Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst, henrys contributions to Toronto include organizing the successive waves of British settlers following the War of 1812, and granting the charter to the first university in the city, Kings College. Bathurst originally only referred to the south of Queen Street. In 1870, the north of Queen Street became part of Bathurst Street. It was known then as Crookshanks Lane, after Honourable George Crookshank. The road acted as a driveway to his 300-acre farm, Bay Street, used to be known as Bear Street, supposedly a reference to a noted chase given to a bear by settlers in that area. It is the centre of Torontos Financial District and is used as a metonym to refer to Canadas financial industry. The street was named when the land it occupies was annexed by the first expansion of York. Bay travelled from Lake Ontario to Lot Street, now Queen Street West, North of Queen Street and travelling to College Street was Teraulay Street
18.
Ellesmere Road
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The following is a list of the east–west arterial thoroughfares in the Canadian city of Toronto. The city is organized in a grid pattern dating back to the laid out by Augustus Jones between 1793 and 1797. Most streets are aligned in the north-south or east-west direction, based on the shoreline of Lake Ontario, in other words, major north–south roads are generally perpendicular to the Lake Ontario shoreline and major east–west roads are generally parallel to the lakes shoreline. The Toronto road system is influenced by its topography as some roads are aligned with the old Lake Iroquois shoreline. Minor streets with documented history or etymology are listed in a separate section, roads are listed south to north. Queens Quay begins west of Bathurst Street at Stadium Road and ends at Lake Shore Boulevard East, the road bed is built entirely on infill, and is the closest road to Lake Ontario throughout the downtown core. In 1999, the Toronto Transit Commission opened a dedicated streetcar right-of-way in the median from Bay Street to Bathurst Street, the plan reduces the number of traffic lanes on Queens Quay to two, to the north side of the streetcar tracks. Additionally, the calls for the beautification and extension of the Harbourfront streetcar line along Queens Quay East between Yonge and Cherry Streets. The newly modified Queens Quay was completed in 2015 from Bathurst to Bay Street, Lake Shore Boulevard, often misspelled as Lakeshore Boulevard as shown on the street sign to the right for example, is so named because of its position along the Lake Ontario shoreline. Lake Shore Road travelled as far east as Roncesvalles, where it connected to Queen Street, incorporating various side streets such as Laburnam Avenue, Starr Avenue and Dominion Street, the route was pushed east to Bathurst Street on January 28,1924. From there it continued as Fleet Street to Cherry Street, keating Street continued east from a point just south of that intersection to Woodbine Avenue. These two streets were reconstructed to form a roadway, and renamed as part of Lake Shore Road on August 25,1959. The Frederick G. Gardiner Expressway, known locally as the Gardiner, is an expressway connecting downtown with the western suburbs, East of Dufferin Street, the roadway is elevated, running above Lake Shore Boulevard east of Bathurst Street. Elevated sections east of the Don were demolished and integrated into Lake Shore Boulevard, the highway is named for the first chair of the now-defunct Metropolitan Toronto Council, Frederick G. Gardiner, who championed it, the Don Valley Parkway and Spadina Expressway projects. The six-lane section east of the Humber River was built in segments from 1955 until 1964 by the Metropolitan Toronto government with provincial highway funds, the ten-lane section west of the Humber was formerly part of the QEW. The Gardiner Expressway is now owned and operated by the City of Toronto. When the Gardiner was built, it passed through industrial lands, one elevated section east of the Don River was demolished in 2001, and a study is underway to demolish that part of the elevated section east of Jarvis Street to the Don. Front Street is so named because it fronted the Lake Ontario shoreline at the time of the layout of York
19.
Sheppard Avenue
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Sheppard Avenue is an east-west principal arterial road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. A small portion of a continuation of the road in Pickering, Ontario is also called Sheppard Avenue from Altona Road, Sheppard is named for Joseph Sheppard I, who acquired 400 acres of land at the northwest corner of Sheppard and Yonge Street. His son opened a store there. The site was occupied in 1860 by the Dempsey Hardware Store, since the mid-2010s, the former site is developed as a commercial building. In the former Scarborough municipality, Sheppard was once called the Lansing Sideroad, east of Yonge Street, Sheppard travels east through North York to Highway 404. Historically, it continued straight to Victoria Park Avenue at the Scarborough border, however, a new section called the Lansing Cutoff was constructed joining the two disconnected pieces. The orphaned section of Sheppard between the 404 and Victoria Park was renamed Old Sheppard Avenue, at that junction, it also meets Port Union Road, which heads south into the Port Union neighbourhood. However, Twyn Rivers Drive continues east into the Rouge valley as a collector road and it continues farther east until it ends at Fairport Road just north of Highway 2 / Kingston Road. 43°49′28″N 79°06′26″W This routing parallels the alignment for Highway 401 and serves as an alternative if the highway is closed or congested, west of Yonge Street, Sheppard travels west across the Sheppard Avenue Bridge over the Don and past Bathurst Street and Wilson Heights Boulevard. Further west, the road allowance became blocked in 1939 by the appropriation of land for a De Havilland aircraft plant and, after World War II, Canadian Forces Base Downsview. A crescent-shaped section of road was constructed along the northern edge of the now former base in the 1970s. 43°45′17″N 79°28′42″W Today, Sheppard also intersects Allen Road on this section, Sheppard Avenue continues still further west to Weston Road, but cannot be extended because the Humber Sheppard Community Centre is on the west side of the intersection. There are five stations on the line providing access to Sheppard Avenue, including Bayview, Bessarion, Downsview station is located at the corner of Sheppard and Allen Road at the northern terminus of the Spadina section of the Yonge-University-Spadina line
20.
Bendale
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Bendale, also called Cedarbrae, is a residential neighbourhood in the eastern part of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the suburb of Scarborough. It is centred on the intersection of Lawrence Avenue East and Brimley Road, the area north of Ellesmere is typically considered the Scarborough City Centre district, and is not considered in this neighbourhood article. Of the residential dwellings, 39% are single-detached homes and 42% are apartment buildings, the population, as recorded in 2011 was 27,876. The area is diverse, like much of Toronto. In 2011, the most common mother tongue and language spoken at home was Tamil, landmarks in the area include Scarborough Hospital at Lawrence and McCowan. The Scarborough Museum is located at Brimley north of Lawrence, located at Midland and Lawrence is the Jame Abu Bakr Siddique Mosque. Its tall minaret can be seen from Brimley Road up to the Lawrence Station overpass, a section of the neighbourhood is known as the Ben Jungle, located north of Lawrence Avenue between McCowan and Bellamy Roads, where all the street names begin with Ben. Examples include, Benleigh, Benshire and Ben Nevis Drives Benfrisco, Benhur and Benorama Crescents Benadair and Benprice Courts Ben Stanton, the public schools in the area include Bendale Jr. P. S. Highbrook Learning Centre, Bendale Business and Technical Institute and David, the Catholic public schools are St. Albert Catholic School, St. Victor Catholic School, St. Richard Catholic School and St. Rose of Lima Catholic School. Its graduates attend Jean Vanier Catholic Secondary School just south of the neighborhood, jamiah Islamiyah of Scarborough is a Madrasa private school located at the intersection of between Lawrence Avenue and Midland Avenue. The school is a branch of the Jame Abu Bakr Siddique Mosque, there are over 400 students attending the school and about 20 teachers. The school teaches Hifz and Alim courses, list of neighborhoods in Scarborough Bendale neighbourhood profile
21.
Agincourt, Toronto
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Agincourt is a neighbourhood and former village now within Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Agincourt is located in area of Toronto. It is centred along Sheppard Avenue between Kennedy and Markham Roads and it is officially recognized by the City of Toronto as occupying the neighbourhoods of Agincourt South–Malvern West and Agincourt North. The name Agincourt is often used to refer to an area of north-west Scarborough than just the officially recognised neighbourhood. The area to the west of Agincourt, officially named Tam OShanter–Sullivan is often included as part of Agincourt, both regions are part of the electoral district of Scarborough—Agincourt, and the Agincourt Mall is located in Tam OShanter. Agincourt was once referred to as town by the citizens that lived there. The village of Agincourt was officially founded with the establishment of the Agincourt post office, the name of the settlement was after the site of Henry Vs decisive English victory over French forces in 1415. The settlement name was spelled different and more in line with Agincourt, the original crossroads of Agincourt is located at Midland Avenue and Sheppard and served a rural agricultural population. A Presbyterian church was built on the north-east corner, which is todays Knox United Church, in addition, a school was built, which has evolved over time into Agincourt Junior Public School and Agincourt Collegiate Institute, both part of the Toronto District School Board. Two railway stations were constructed in the half of the 19th century at Agincourt. One was built just west of the crossroads as part of the Toronto and Nipissing Railway line heading north from Scarborough Junction on the Toronto – Montreal mainline, and greatly improved access. The line eventually became part of Canadian National Railways, and the station today as Agincourt Station on the GO Transit Stouffville commuter rail route. Commuter rail service to Torontos Union Station was offered, but was discontinued in the 1970s, the line branches east of a marshalling yard, built by CP in the 1960s between McCowan and Markham Roads on the east of the neighbourhood, into the Havelock and Belleville subdivisions. Agincourt saw an influx of Hong Kong Chinese and Taiwanese emigrants during the 1980s, elizabeth Seton Catholic Elementary School St. Bartholomew Catholic School St. City of Toronto – Agincourt South-Malvern West Neighbourhood Profile City of Toronto – Agincourt North Neighbourhood Profile
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Woburn, Toronto
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Woburn is a neighbourhood located in eastern Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the former suburb of Scarborough. Woburn is bordered by Highway 401 to the north, Orton Park Road to the east, Lawrence Avenue to the south, and McCowan Road to the west. Painted Post Drive connected Woburn to the southwest via Danforth Road and Danforth Avenue to Toronto, the south and south east sections of Woburn, along Highland Creek, have a great amount of green space, echoed by the tree lined and winding roads typical of the neighbourhood. Residences are split between high rises and single detached homes, which account for almost ninety percent of all residences, the neighbourhood is served by Toronto Transit Commission bus routes. These include the 54 Lawrence East,102 Markham Road,9 Bellamy, the area is also served by three bus routes on Ellesmere Road, which are 95 York Mills 38 Highland Creek, and the 133 Neilson. The area is served by Highway 401 which runs through Toronto from east-to-west. Taber Hill Cedarbrae Mall Woburn Collegiate Institute Centennial College Progress Campus
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Scarborough Civic Centre
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The Scarborough Civic Centre is a civic centre located in the Scarborough district of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The building served as the office and office for the Scarborough Board of Education. Following the amalgamation of Toronto, Scarborough lost its city status and it is also home to the Scarborough Community Council and offices of the Toronto District School Board. The civic centre is adjacent to Albert Campbell Square and it is south of Scarborough Centre station and the Scarborough Town Centre shopping mall. The building is unique for the juxtaposition of two triangular shaped, multiple split level towers, which surround a central area in the interior. Outside the Civic Centre on the side is Albert Campbell Square, named after Albert Campbell, Scarboroughs first mayor, with a waterfall and reflecting pool. Sculptures are found on the southwest side of the building, the Hand of God, dedicated to Albert Campbell, depicts a man held up by a hand and is mounted on a mast, it is located south across Borough Drive. Frank Faubert Forest, an area south of the Civic Centre is named for Scarboroughs last mayor. In 2015, the Toronto Public Library opened the Scarborough Civic Centre branch, east York Civic Centre Etobicoke Civic Centre York Civic Centre North York Civic Centre Metro Hall Toronto City Hall Scarborough Civic Centre
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Albert Campbell Square
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Albert Campbell Square is a town square in Scarborough City Centre in Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is named after Albert Campbell, the first mayor of the Borough of Scarborough, Albert Campbell Square is located at 150 Borough Drive, adjacent to the Scarborough Civic Centre south of Scarborough Centre station and Scarborough Town Centre shopping mall. The Albert Campbell Square was modelled after Nathan Phillips Square in Downtown Toronto, Albert Campbell Square has hosted a number of events. It has served as the point of the annual Scarborough Canada Day Parade. On 11 July 1980, crowds gathered at Albert Campbell Square to witness the arrival of Canadian athlete Terry Fox, whose scheduled stop was at Scarborough Civic Centre during his Marathon of Hope. On 24 July 2016, Rick Tocchet, right wing player of the Pittsburg Penguins and Scarborough native, the square has been a popular venue for multicultural events, including the Scarborough Afro-Carib Festival, Scarborough Community Multicultural Festival, and the Sri Lankan Kothu Fest. Nathan Phillips Square Pecaut Square Mel Lastman Square
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Scarborough Centre station
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Scarborough Centre is a station on the Scarborough RT line of the Toronto subway and RT. It is located north of Ellesmere Road between Brimley and McCowan Roads, just south of Highway 401 and it also houses the Scarborough Centre Bus Terminal. Scarborough Centre station was opened in 1985 along with the rest of the Scarborough RT line, the station replaced a transit access to the Scarborough Town Centre shopping mall. In 2000, this station became accessible with elevators, the future of the station is still in question, as many proposals have been made about either the extension of the Bloor–Danforth line or a light rail transit replacement for the Scarborough RT. The Toronto Transit Commission had planned to extend the Sheppard line south-east from its current terminus at Don Mills to Scarborough Centre, the 190 Rocket Express bus currently links the two stations, making limited stops along Sheppard Avenue. In March 2007, however, the TTC dropped this plan when it announced its Transit City proposal to build the Sheppard East LRT Line, the station was also to be part of the Eglinton Crosstown line. But amendments to the construction plan lead to the abandoning of that idea. There is elevator access for all the TTC services, making this station fully accessible to anyone with disabilities, East of the station, the RT tracks continue travelling east on an elevated bridge until it reaches McCowan station. West of the station, the RT tracks are on a bridge which begins to descend after passing over Brimley Road. It continues to descend until it reaches Midland station, Scarborough Centre has the most surface routes. A number of connecting buses serve the lower level, including TTC routes running into York Region like the 129A McCowan North. The TTC routes that connect here are, Scarborough Centre station is home to the Scarborough Centre Bus Terminal which is located directly east of the TTC bus platform. It is served by GO Transit, Greyhound, Coach Canada, media related to Scarborough Centre Station at Wikimedia Commons Scarborough Centre Station at the Toronto Transit Commission
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Line 3 Scarborough
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The line runs entirely within the suburban district of Scarborough, encompassing six stations and 6.4 kilometres of mostly-elevated track. It connects with Line 2 Bloor–Danforth at its terminus, Kennedy. The trains are powered by induction motors, operating on standard gauge tracks, unlike the citys subway lines and the Toronto streetcar system. The line remained unchanged since its opening in 1985 and contains two of the least used stations in the system, in 1972, the provincial government announced the GO-Urban plan to build an intermediate capacity transit system across suburban Toronto using the experimental Krauss-Maffei Transurban. This change was made after construction had commenced and this proved too sharp for safe operation of the ICTS cars, which did not have a reason to turn around, and the loop was replaced by a Spanish solution-like crossover. Ontario wanted to develop and promote its new technology, which had designed for a proposed urban GO Transit service known as GO-ALRT. Changes to federal regulations had made the new system unnecessary for GO. The Scarborough line opened in March 1985 as the Scarborough RT, from when the line opened in 1985 until 2015 it was known as the Scarborough RT or SRT. The RT in Scarborough RT stood for rapid transit, locals have often referred to the line as SRT or the RT for short. The name Scarborough Line is used on the official TTC website and 2014 TTC Ride Guide, in October 2013, the TTC announced plans to give the lines official numbers to help riders and visitors to navigate the system. The line is numbered 3, as it is the rapid transit line to open in the system. New signage was installed in March 2014, in 2015, the name was simplified to Line 3 Scarborough and the TTC began repainting the rolling stock with a blue finish displaying the number 3, a diagram of the Scarborough line, and the TTC logo. The original RT logo was no longer featured on the trains, with the line approaching the end of its useful life, the TTC reduced the frequency of service in mid-September 2012. In 2015, the TTC started work on the cars to keep them operational until the line is replaced by another mode of rail technology and this includes a new outer livery that is almost entirely blue to emphasize the lines colour code, followed by interior upgrades. As of December 13,2016, with the Presto fare gates installed at Lawrence East station, the trains operated were developed by the Urban Transportation Development Corporation, then an Ontario Crown corporation but later became a division of Bombardier Transportation. This system requires very few moving parts, and therefore leads to lower maintenance costs, when the car motors are accelerating, they actually lift the car off the track an extremely small distance, repelling against the wide aluminum plate in the centre of the track. This micro-lifting prevents the wheels from making a solid electrical contact with the track. With respect to the trucks and the micro-lifting, the truck wheels have a somewhat larger flange than normal in order to keep the car inline on the track during the micro-lifting
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Toronto Transit Commission
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The Toronto Transit Commission is a public transport agency that operates bus, rapid transit, streetcar, and paratransit services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1921, the TTC comprises four rapid transit lines with 69 stations, over 149 bus routes, and 10 streetcar lines. In 4th quarter 2012, the daily ridership was 2.76 million passengers,1,425,300 by bus,271,100 by streetcar,46,400 by intermediate rail. The TTC also operates paratransit service for the elderly and disabled. The TTC is the third most heavily used urban mass transit system in North America, after the New York City Transit Authority, public transit in Toronto started in 1849 with a privately operated transit service. In later years, the city operated some routes, but in 1921 assumed control over all routes, during this period, streetcars provided the bulk of the service. In 1954, the TTC adopted its present name, opened the first subway line, the system has evolved to feature a wide network of surface routes with the subway lines as the backbone. On February 17,2008, the TTC made many improvements, finally reversing more than a decade of service reductions. The Gloucester subway cars, the first version of TTC subway cars, another common slogan is The Better Way. The TTC has recovered about 70% of its costs from the fare box in recent years. From its creation in 1921 until 1971, the TTC was self-supporting both for capital and operations, deficits and subsidies soared throughout the 1970s and 1980s, followed by service cuts and a period of ridership decline in the 1990s, partly attributable to recession. Since then, the TTC has consistently been in financial difficulties, Service cuts were averted in 2007, though, when the Toronto City Council voted to introduce new taxes to help pay for city services, including the TTC. As a result, the TTC became the largest transit operator in Anglo-America not to receive provincial/state subsidies, the TTC has received federal funding for capital projects from as early as 2009. The TTC is also considered one of the costliest transit systems per fare price in North America, for the 2011 operating year, the TTC had a projected operating budget of $1.45 billion. Revenue from fares covered approximately 70% of the budget, whereas the remaining 30% originated from the city, in 2009 through 2011, provincial and federal subsidies amounted to 0% of the budget. In contrast to this, STM Montreal receives approximately 10% of its budget from the provincial government. The fairness of preferentially subsidizing transit in specific Canadian cities has been questioned by citizens, the TTC operated the ferry service to the Toronto Islands from 1927 to 1962, when it was transferred to the Metro Parks and Culture department. Gray Coach Lines was a suburban and regional intercity bus operator founded in 1927 by the TTC, Gray Coach used interurban coaches to link Toronto to points throughout southern Ontario
28.
CFTO-DT
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CFTO-DT, VHF channel 9, is the flagship station of the CTV Television Network located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The station is owned by Bell Media, as part of a twinstick with Barrie-based CTV Two owned-and-operated station CKVR-DT and is sister to 24-hour regional news channel CP24. CFTO maintains studio facilities located at 9 Channel Nine Court in Agincourt, the station shares the Agincourt studio complex with CTVs headquarters, which includes studios for the networks news programming, along with most of Bell Medias specialty channels. CTV News has in fact been based at CFTOs studios for most of its history, CFTO is the largest CTV owned-and-operated station, in terms of market size, whose studio facilities are not located in its main city of services downtown area. The station first signed on the air at 10,00 p. m. on December 31,1960, the inaugural programme broadcast on CFTO was a telethon hosted by Joel Aldred, complete with a fireworks ceremony. The telethon was for what was known as the Ontario Association for Community Living. The station was founded by Baton-Aldred-Rogers Broadcasting, a joint venture between Telegram Corporation, Aldred-Rogers Broadcasting and Foster Hewitt Broadcasting, the Baton portion of the name was pronounced /ˌbætən/, rather than the conducting tools traditional pronunciation. American television network ABC held a minority share in the partnership, Ted Rogers uncle J. Elsworth Rogers was a minority owner of Western Ontario Broadcasting, Ltd. owners of CKLW-TV in Windsor, Ontario. The stations original studio and transmitter facilities were located at 1550 McCowan Road, in March 1961, Aldred sold his interest in the station, and on October 1 of that year, CFTO became a charter affiliate of CTV, as well as the networks flagship station. In 1970, Ted Rogers sold his interest in CFTO and the Bassett-Eaton group sold their interest in Rogers Cable in an exchange of assets, on May 31,1976, CFTO began transmitting its signal from the CN Tower, while its studios remained in Agincourt. CFTO began broadcasting in stereo in 1985, in 1991, the station joined with several other Ontario stations to form Ontario Network Television, which evolved into the Baton Broadcast System, a subsystem within the CTV network. In 1995, CFTO began operating rebroadcast stations at Orillia and Bobcaygeon, when CTVs stations proposed to buy the network and run it as a cooperative in 1966, the Board of Broadcast Governors initially balked at the proposal. CFTO was by far the largest, richest and most profitable station and this led to fears that CFTO would dominate a station-owned network. The BBG was only appeased when the station owners promised that each owner would have an equal vote, regardless of how large it was. As it turned out, though, Baton gradually grew powerful enough that it was able to buy controlling interest in CTV in 1997, on January 27,1998, the Eaton family sold its 41% interest in CTV. On that same day, the Baton Broadcast System merged into CTV, with rumours of an impending takeover, Bell Canada proposed to buy CTV Inc. for $2.3 billion, this was approved by the CTV board in March 2000. By February 2005, the station stopped using its call letters in its on-air branding, BCE later sold most of its interest in CTV, with the parent company being renamed CTVglobemedia. BCE Inc. later reacquired 100% control of CTVglobemedias assets for $1.3 billion in 2011, as CFTO serves as CTVs flagship station, its schedule is virtually identical to the CTV network schedule
29.
Metropolitan Toronto
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The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was a senior level of municipal government in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada area from 1954 to 1998. It was created out of old town Toronto, York Township, Scarborough Township and it was commonly referred to as Metro Toronto or Metro to avoid confusion with the original city of Toronto, which was its administrative headquarters. Passage of the 1997 City of Toronto Act caused the 1998 amalgamation of Metro Toronto, prior to the formation of Metro, the municipalities surrounding the central City of Toronto were all independent towns and villages. All were members of either York Township, Scarborough Township or Etobicoke Township, after 1912, the city no longer annexed suburbs from York Township. At times the suburbs asked to be annexed into Toronto, in 1924, Ontario cabinet minister George S. Henry, was the first to propose a metropolitan district with its own council from the city and the county to administer shared services. He wrote a bill, but the government chose not to act on it. The Great Depression saw almost all of the towns and villages of the County go insolvent, when that happened they were, financially, taken over by the province. In 1933, Henry, now the premier, appointed an inquiry into forming a metropolitan district. A proposal was made for Toronto to provide several of its services to the suburbs as well, the inquiry died with the defeat of Henry in 1934. In the 1930s, a Liberal Ontario government named the first minister of municipal affairs, David A. Croll, and introduced a bill to amalgamate the City. The draft bill faced strong opposition in Toronto and was withdrawn, the government then started its own inquiry into issues of the suburbs surrounding Toronto. Through consensus, it came to the conclusion that a municipality was the best solution. The inquiry reported in September 1939, and its conclusions put aside for the duration of World War II, two factors changed in the 1940s. A Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario government was elected in 1943, with a changed policy, also in 1943, the first Master Plan was adopted in Toronto. It recognized that future growth would place in the vacant land of adjacent suburbs. Planning would have to take account the whole metropolitan area. In 1946, the province passed the Planning Act required each urban municipality to have its own Planning Board, a Toronto and Suburban Planning Board was founded, under the chairmanship of James P. Maher, and the vice-chairmanship of Fred Gardiner. The Board promoted specific projects, and promoted a green belt, a unified system of arterial roads
30.
Dorset Park
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Dorset Park is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located east of the core, in the former suburb of Scarborough. The area south of Lawrence Avenue, north of the corridor is known as McGregor Park and is often included as part of Dorset Park. The main high school in the area is Winston Churchill Collegiate Institute located in the end of the neighbourhood. The business district of Scarborough seems to be carried right through the heart of Dorset Park along Kennedy Road from Highway 401 to Lawrence Avenue, the business district along Kennedy Road is a 3.5 kilometre stretch of the road with nothing but stores/business and high rise buildings. Kennedy Commons, a strip mall is located on Kennedy Road. The area was agricultural in nature, with the majority of the housing built in the 1950s. List of neighborhoods in Scarborough http, //www. toronto. ca/demographics/profiles_map_and_index. htm Official Website http, //www. dorsetpark. com/
31.
Old Toronto
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Old Toronto is the retronym of the original city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, from 1834 to 1998. It was first incorporated as a city in 1834, after being known as the Town of York, in 1954, it became the administrative headquarters for Metropolitan Toronto. It expanded in size by annexation of surrounding municipalities, reaching its final boundaries in 1967, finally, in 1998, it was amalgamated into the present-day megacity of Toronto. Post-amalgamation, the area within the boundaries of the city is variously referred to as the former city of Toronto or Old Toronto. Historically, Old Toronto has referred to Torontos boundaries before the Great Toronto Fire of 1904, the term downtown core is also sometimes used to refer to the district, which actually refers to the central business district of Toronto, which is located within the former city. Old Toronto has the highest population density in the Golden Horseshoe, the population was recorded in June 1834 at 9,252. In 1834, Toronto was incorporated with the boundaries of Bathurst Street to the west,400 yards north of Lot Street to the north, outside this formal boundary were the liberties, land pre-destined to be used for new wards. The liberties formally became part of the city in 1859 and the wards were remapped, the earliest Toronto neighbourhoods were the five municipal wards that the city was split into in 1834. The wards were named for the saints of the four nations of the British Isles and St. Lawrence. Today, only St. Lawrence remains a well-known neighbourhood name, the others have attached their names to a variety of still-existing landmarks, including three subway stations. As Toronto grew, more wards were created, still named after prominent saints, St. James Ward is preserved in the modern St. James Town neighbourhood, while the northern ward of St. Pauls has continued to the present as a federal and provincial electoral district. In 1833, several prominent reformers had petitioned the House of Assembly to have the town incorporated, the Tory-controlled House struggled to find a means of creating a legitimate electoral system that might nonetheless minimize the chances of reformers being elected. The bill passed on 6 March 1834 and proposed two different property qualifications for voting, there was a higher qualification for the election of aldermen and a lower one for common councillors. Two aldermen and two councilmen would be elected from each city ward, the mayor was elected by the aldermen from among their number, and a clear barrier was erected between those of property who served as full magistrates and the rest. Only 230 of the citys 2,929 adult men met this stringent property qualification, the second market building replaced the original wooden market building in 1831 and ran from King Street to Front Street. It was selected by the first mayor, William Lyon Mackenzie and his newspaper, the Colonial Advocate, rented space in the rear. This building, along much of the surrounding Market Block, was destroyed by fire in the 1849 Cathedral Fire. The site was rebuilt as St. Lawrence Hall in 1850, the second city hall, built in 1845 and renovated in 1850, was known as the New Market House
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Alexandra Park, Toronto
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Alexandra Park is a neighbourhood located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Alexandra Park is bounded by Dundas Street West on the north, Spadina Avenue on the east, Queen Street West on the south, the neighborhood takes its name from Alexandra Park, a municipal park at the south-east corner of Dundas Street West and Bathurst Street. The park is named for Queen Alexandra, wife of King Edward VII, the recorded history of the area begins with the original survey of the northern shore of Lake Ontario conducted by Augustus Jones in 1791. The survey established a baseline soon to be called Lot Street, the area now known as Alexandra Park was then the southern portions of lots 16,17 and 18 of Concession 1 of the Township of York. When the City of Toronto was incorporated in 1834, it included the area 400 yards to the north of Queen Street, the remainder of the area was annexed by the city in 1859. A neighbourhood sprang up around Gzowskis home that was inhabited largely by Polish, in the 1960s, The Hall and many of the surrounding homes were demolished to make way for a public housing project. The public housing projects brought in immigrants from the Caribbean, East Africa, China. Alexandra Park is known for having one of the largest African Canadian communities in Toronto, in the 1970s and 80s, there were racial tensions between the established Polish and Ukrainian immigrants and the new immigrants. An infamous African Canadian gang called the Project Originals emerged, drugs and violence were a huge problem, and during this time, a crack epidemic swept the area. Today Alexandra Park is recovering from its battles in the past. After a long period of community consultation, The Toronto Community Housing Corporation has completed plans for a revitalization of Atkinson Co-op. TCHC submitted Official Plan Amendment and Rezoning applications on March 11,2011, the plan envisages major changes to the neighborhood, phased in over a 15 year period. Several streets that were closed off when the complex was first constructed will be reopened,333 townhouses and apartments will be demolished and replaced, while 473 units in the towers at 20 Vanauley Street,91 Augusta Street and 71 Augusta Square will be renovated. 1540 units of market condominiums and townhouses will be added, with units on the south side of Dundas Street West. New public parks and private amenity spaces will also be added, theatre Passe Muraille is located in the neighbourhood. Scadding Court is also home to Alexandra Park Neighbourhood Learning Centre, Alexandra Park also offers an outdoor skating rink in the winter, that is converted to a skateboard park in the summer. The skateboard park is nicknamed Dunbat Skate Park, referencing its location at the corner of Dundas Street West and Bathurst Street, census tract 0039.00 of the 2006 Canadian census covers Alexandra Park. According to that census, the neighbourhood has 4,355 residents, average income is $19,687, the second lowest average income in Toronto after Regent Park
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The Annex
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The Annex is a neighbourhood in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The traditional boundaries of the neighbourhood are north to Dupont Street, south to Bloor Street, west to Bathurst Street, the City of Toronto recognizes a broader neighbourhood definition that includes the adjacent Seaton Village and Yorkville areas. Bordering the University of Toronto, the Annex has long been a student quarter and is home to many fraternity housing. Its residents are predominantly English-speaking and well-educated, according to Canada 2011 Census, the neighbourhood has a population of 15,515 with an average income of $66,742.67, significantly above the average income in the Toronto census metropolitan area. The Annex is mainly residential, with tree-lined one-way streets lined with Victorian and Edwardian homes and mansions, the 1950s and 1960s saw the replacement of some homes and mansions with mid-rise and a handful of high-rise apartment buildings in the International style. These were surrounded with landscaped green spaces in an attempt to fit into the neighbourhood. Some of architect Uno Priis most expressive, sculptural apartment buildings are located in the Annex, because of its proximity to the university, the Annex has a high rate of seasonal tenant turnover, and its residents range from university students to older long-time residents. The Annex has a density of 8,500 people/km². The stretch of Bloor Street between St, the Annex is home to many examples of a uniquely Torontonian style of house that was popular among the citys elite in the late nineteenth century. Examples of this style survive in the upper class areas along Jarvis and Sherbourne Street. Most of these buildings are found in the Annex, and the style is known by some as the Annex style house. The original conception is attributed to E. J, lennox, the most prominent architect in late nineteenth century Toronto. His 1887 design for the home of contractor Lewis Lukes at 37 Madison Avenue introduced a design that would be imitated and modified for the two decades. The Annex style house borrows elements from both the American Richardson Romanesque and the British Queen Anne Style, Annex style houses typically feature large rounded Romanesque arches along with Queen Anne style decorative items such as turrets. Attics are emphasized in the exterior architecture, the houses are most often made of brick, though some also incorporate Credit Valley sandstone. Built for many of the citys wealthiest citizens, the houses are also large, as the wealthy moved away from the neighbourhood, many of the houses were thus subdivided into apartments. Seaton Village or West Annex is west of Bathurst Street and includes the Koreatown shopping district at its southern border and it is sometimes inaccurately referred to as the West Annex. While Seaton Village shares several characteristics with The Annex, it is quieter, more family-oriented
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The Beaches
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The Beaches is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is so named because of its four beaches situated on Lake Ontario and it is located east of downtown within the Old City of Toronto. The approximate boundaries of the neighbourhood are from Victoria Park Avenue on the east to Kingston Road on the north, to Coxwell Avenue on the west, the Beaches is part of the east-central district of Toronto. The commercial district of Queen Street East lies at the heart of The Beaches community and it is characterized by a large number of independent speciality stores. The stores along Queen are known to change quite often causing the streetscape to change from year to year. The side streets are lined with semi-detached and large-scale Victorian, Edwardian. There are also low-rise apartment buildings and a few row-houses, there is an extensive park system along the Waterfront as well as a parks that follow a ravine that bisects the neighbourhood from North to South at Glen Manor Road. Kingston Road is a road along the northern section of the neighbourhood. Woodbine Avenue is a five-lane road originating from Lake Shore Boulevard at the Lake Ontario shoreline, the beach itself is a single uninterrupted stretch of sandy shoreline bounded by the R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant to the east and Woodbine Park to the west. A long boardwalk runs along most of its length with a portion of the Martin Goodman Trail bike path running parallel. Although it is continuous, there are four names which correspond each to one quarter of the length of the beach, Balmy Beach, Scarboro Beach, Kew Beach. Woodbine Beach and Kew-Balmy Beach are Blue Flag certified for cleanliness and are suitable for swimming, in the 2006 Canadian census The Beach was covered by census tracts 0020.00,0021.00,0022.00,0023.00, and 0024.00. According to that census, the neighbourhood has 20,416 residents, average income is $67,536, well above the average for Toronto. The Beaches is known as being a place to raise a family with very little crime as well as many parks. Ashbridges Bay is a body of water that was once part of the marsh that lay east of Toronto Islands. The bay is named for the Ashbridge family that lived nearby on a farm. Infill to form the Port Lands and building of the treatment plant shrunk the size of the bay to the area between the Port Lands and Woodbine Beach. The current bay is surrounded by marinas, the treatment plant, the name of the community is the subject of a long-standing dispute
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Bedford Park, Toronto
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Bedford Park is a suburb of Toronto. The area began as a hamlet that was a stopover for farmers making their way to market in the city. The neighbourhood was named after the Bedford Park Hotel, which opened in 1873 at the southwest corner of Yonge Street and Fairlawn Avenue. The corner now houses a Starbucks, in 1890 Bedford Park was amalgamated with the hamlets of Davisville and Eglinton to the south, and incorporated as the City of North Toronto. In the same year, the Metropolitan Street Railway of Toronto began service to the area, Bedford Park is bisected by Yonge Street, lying north of Lawrence Avenue and east of Avenue Road. The northern boundary is Brooke Avenue on the West side of Yonge, the eastern boundary is Ronan Avenue. There is also a north east of Yonge and Lawrence called Bedford Park Public School. The original homes in the area were constructed between 1890 and 1940, Bedford Park was conceived as a middle class housing development on the northern boundary of the city, with mid-sized detached and semi-detached homes. This has skyrocketed the property values of Bedford Park homes, Bedford Parks quiet streets, mature trees, good schools and parks, and proximity to Highway 401 and Lawrence subway station attract young professionals and their families to the neighbourhood. Many of the homes still stand, with a number having undergone extensive renovations. A portion of the homes in the neighbourhood have been torn down and replaced with larger. The City of Torontos neighbourhood definitions place Bedford Park within a larger neighbourhood, there are three census tracts created by Statistics Canada in Bedford Park,0141.01,0141.02,0142.00. In 2011, there were 4599 people living in Bedford Park,2260 male and 2375 female, 53% were third or higher generation Canadian, meaning the resident and both parents were born in Canada. 26. 2% were second generation and 20. 7% were first generation, in 2006, there were 4360 residents,2105 male and 2220 female. 50% were third or higher generation,28. 8% were second generation and 21. 2% were first generation. The city is Census Tract 0141.02, Bedford Park has been a neighbourhood for middle class individuals. In 2006, the individual income was $46,894. The household median income in 2006 was $110,818 and in 2011 the median increased to $147,212, john Wanless Public School- an elementary school located at Fairlawn Avenue established in 1926
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Bloor West Village
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Bloor West Village is a shopping district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Located along Bloor Street, it encompasses all businesses along Bloor Street between South Kingsway and Ellis Park Road, consisting of more than 400 shops, restaurants, the mix of stores include specialty clothing stores, book stores, restaurants and cafes. The businesses organized in 1970 into the first mandatory business improvement district, Bloor West Village is located between two neighbourhoods. To the north is Runnymede, a streetcar suburb and to the south is Swansea. Bloor West Village is also considered the name of the vicinity of Bloor Street. In February 25th 1966, the Bloor–Danforth subway line opened in the area, competition was also developing from enclosed shopping centres. The businessmen lobbied the Toronto and Ontario governments for legislation to all business owners within a designated area to pay towards improvements. The Ontario Municipal Act was amended in 1970 and the Bloor West Village Business Improvement Association was founded as the first of its kind in the world, in 1980, Ling founded the Toronto Association of Business Improvement Areas, an organization that now represents 66 BIAs across Toronto. Ling was chairman of the Bloor West Village BIA for 24 years, the organization promotes business activity in the area by holding several annual events and festivals. It also puts efforts into the beautification of the area, the BIA hosts, Annual Ukrainian Festival in September. July Festival, which is a fair of amusements and entertainment. Halloween Festival on Armadale Avenue, Beresford Avenue and Glendonwynne Road, participates in the Toronto city-wide Cavalcade of Lights Official BIA website
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Bloordale Village
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Bloordale Village is a neighbourhood in Toronto that is located along Bloor Street from Lansdowne Avenue to Dufferin Street, west of downtown in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It sits on the border of the Wallace Emerson neighbourhood. The district is home to a mix of shopping, bars, the area is the location of Mercer Union Centre for Contemporary Art and Toronto Free Gallery. On Oct 23rd,2013 the Bloordale Community Improvement Association was formed, the Bloordale BIA was founded in 1976 and celebrated its 40th Anniversary in 2016. That same year, the BIA launched a new website and social media initiative at www. discoverbloordale. com, the strip along Bloor Street also has a large number of small restaurants and retail outlets. At Dufferin Street, the side of the street is used by Bloor Collegiate Institute. The surrounding area is a diverse, mixed-income community. A mix of Portuguese, Caribbean, Italian, Bangladeshi, Latin American, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Burmese, Chinese, at one local primary school,81 per cent of students speak a native language other than English. The Bloordale Village BIA Bloordale Community Improvement Association BlogTOs Bloordale Directory
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Bracondale Hill
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Bracondale Hill, also known as Hillcrest, is an upper-middle-class neighbourhood located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The area is home to large, early-20th-century, single-family homes surrounding Hillcrest Park that overlook the city. Many multicultural restaurants and shops are located nearby on St. Clair West to the north and its main commercial shopping area is along St. Clair Avenue. In the eastern section at Bathurst and Davenport is the Wychwood Park enclave, from 1926 to 1967, a part of this area was represented by the Bracondale constituency in the Ontario Legislative Assembly. List of neighbourhoods in Toronto History of Bracondale Hill Map of Bracondale Hill
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Brockton Village
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Brockton Village is a former town, and now the name of a neighbourhood, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It comprises a section of the old Town of Brockton which was annexed by the City of Toronto in 1884, the section south of the rail lines became part of the Village of Parkdale. The section to the west of Lansdowne has become known as Roncesvalles. Over the last half of the 20th century, the south of College Street saw the influx of Portuguese immigrants and is also known as part of the Little Portugal neighbourhood. Todays Brockton Village encompasses that section north of the lines between Dufferin and Lansdowne, south of Bloor Street. In March 1812, Lot 30 in York Township, a 100 acres parcel of land, was granted to James Brock and this lot was a strip of land that stretched from Lot Street, todays Queen Street, north to Bloor Street, west of Dufferin Avenue. After Brock died, his widow Lucy Brock inherited his estate and she commissioned a roadway along the centre-line of the lot parcel, along its whole length. The road, built in 1850, is today as Brock Avenue. The lands of lot 30 were sub-divided for small land-holders and development occurred and this unincorporated settlement took on the name of Brockton. It became a town in 1881. The incorporated town only lasted three years before it was annexed by the City of Toronto in 1884, today, remnants of the former Brockton still exist, including its former town hall. The hall was converted to commercial usage, and is located at the south-west corner of Dundas Street West, until recently, there was a Brockton High School, which closed. For a time it was used by the Royal Conservatory of Music and it is located at Brock Avenue and Croatia Street, near Bloor Street. Prior to 1956, the site was the site of horse racing at Dufferin Racetrack, the track was closed and converted to a shopping plaza. In the 1970s, the parking lot was converted to a three-storey parking garage. Pictures of Brockton Dufferin Grove neighbourhood profile Little Portugal neighbourhood profile Roncesvalles neighbourhood profile
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